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Rasheed SM, Bakhsh LS, Alhameedi RS, Mohidin S. Perceived Stress Among Nurses at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Saudi Arabia During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cureus 2024; 16:e55433. [PMID: 38567217 PMCID: PMC10986449 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stress level of nurses, especially frontline staff, directly impacts their physical and mental health as well as work efficiency. However, few studies have been conducted to understand the stress level of nurses related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. AIM The aim of this study is to assess the level of perceived stress among nurses at a tertiary care teaching hospital (King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah) in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional survey-based descriptive study involved 1044 nurses working at a tertiary care/teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to assess nurses' stress levels. The study was conducted in July 2021 by selecting clinical nurses from different nursing units. Considering the current situation of social isolation, an online cross-sectional survey using Google Forms was used. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21 (Released 2012; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). RESULTS Out of 1044 nursing professionals, 93 (8.9%) reported experiencing low levels of stress, 915 (87.6%) reported moderate levels of stress, and 36 (3.4%) reported high perceived stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that gender (p=0.001) and nationality (p=0.016) had significant effects on stress levels. The three major causes of stress identified by the nurses were workload, lack of resources, and fear of contracting COVID-19. CONCLUSION Job-related stress continues to be an issue in the nursing workforce. The effects of stress experienced by nurses impact job satisfaction and retention, which, in turn, can affect the quality of patient care. This study highlights that nurses in a tertiary care (COVID care) teaching hospital in our setting often experience stress and anxiety during the pandemic. It is worth noting that this is the first study conducted to understand the level of stress perceived by nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in our current study setting. The findings indicate that a considerable number of nurses experienced moderate levels of stress during COVID-19, which can have implications for patient care. Recognizing and understanding the job-related stressors of nurses can help nurse leaders implement more effective strategies aimed at reducing nurses' stress and subsequently improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeena M Rasheed
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Lamees S Bakhsh
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Reem S Alhameedi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Dai ZJ, Xu ST, Xue FY, Zhou JY, Chen JQ, Wang XM. Factors influencing the mental health status of support nurses and their workload during the COVID-19 epidemic. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2023; 36:761-772. [PMID: 38037754 PMCID: PMC10743344 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors used the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and general health questionnaire to analyze the factors influencing the mental health status and the workload of support nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey of 349 support nurses in April-October 2022. Using QuestionStar, a powerful online survey tool, the authors administered surveys to the participants, collected data on the mental health status and workload of support nurses, and analyzed the influencing factors based on the collected data. RESULTS A total of 316 questionnaires were successfully collected, with an effective rate of 98.75%. The proportion of support nurses with mental health problems was 25% and the value of the NASA-TLX questionnaire was: M±SD 68.91±7.28 pts. Multi-factor analysis revealed that the number of children, family support, and nursing support location were the influencing factors of mental health status, while the multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of symptoms, nursing support location, support work type, and total 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) score were the influencing factors of the workload of support nurses. CONCLUSIONS Compared to their counterparts in the plains, nurses working in isolated plateau regions who were caring for children and lacked family support, were more likely to have mental health issues. There was a positive correlation between the changes in GHQ-12 and NASA-TLX scores of the study participants. Compared to their counterparts in the plains and the tropical regions, nurses working in plateau regions had a heavier workload. As part of the follow-up measures to prevent and treat patients impacted by the COVID-19 epidemic, it is important to improve the mental health evaluation, consultation, and treatment of the support nurses to guarantee the high quality of the first-line support work. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(6)761-72.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Juan Dai
- Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Nursing Care, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen-Ting Xu
- Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Ying Xue
- Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ying Zhou
- Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Nursing Care, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Qin Chen
- Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Min Wang
- Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai, China
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Arias-Ulloa CA, Gómez-Salgado J, Escobar-Segovia K, García-Iglesias JJ, Fagundo-Rivera J, Ruiz-Frutos C. Psychological distress in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2023; 87:297-312. [PMID: 38081703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Healthcare workers serving during the COVID-19 pandemic may have been exposed to high work overload, which may have had an impact on their physical, mental, and social health. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with psychological distress among healthcare workers serving during the COVID-19 pandemic from January 2020 to December 2022. METHODS A systematic review was conducted based on the 2020 PRISMA statement. Articles were searched in the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. RESULTS A total of 59 articles were included in this systematic review. It was observed that the prevalence of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic was high. Female sex, being a nurse, being young, living alone/being single, and having a chronic disease or psychiatric disorder history are the main risk factors at the personal level. Other occupational and pandemic-related factors such as having many years of work experience, the presence of COVID-19 symptoms and contact history, not enough sleep, having lower family support and limited social relationships, fear of infecting friends and family, having a reduced perception of protection by personal protective equipment, working on the frontline, and having longer service duration were found to be factors influencing the development of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS There are personal, interpersonal, and organizational risk factors that can lead to the occurrence of psychological distress among healthcare staff working during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Arturo Arias-Ulloa
- Faculty of Engineering in Mechanics and Production Sciences, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, 090902 Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, 092301 Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - Kenny Escobar-Segovia
- Faculty of Engineering in Earth Sciences, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, 090902 Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - Juan Jesús García-Iglesias
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Javier Fagundo-Rivera
- Centro Universitario de Enfermería Cruz Roja, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, 092301 Guayaquil, Ecuador.
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Zhang L, Li Z, Li M, Yang Y, Hsu M, Xia L, Liu T, Liu Y, Jiang F, Liu H, Tang YL. Mental health symptoms and their associated factors among pharmacists in psychiatric hospitals during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e77. [PMID: 38161747 PMCID: PMC10755378 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
As frontline workers, pharmacists often face significant work stress, especially in psychiatric settings. A multicenter cross-sectional design was conducted in 41 psychiatric hospitals. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to measure the mental health of 636 pharmacists. We also collected demographic data and work-related variables. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 20.60%, 22.96% and 8.96%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that several common factors were associated with depression, anxiety and stress, including professional identity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.132, 0.381 and 0.352) and verbal violence (OR = 2.068, 2.615 and 2.490). Those who were satisfied with their job were less likely to develop depression (OR = 0.234) or anxiety (OR = 0.328). We found specific factors associated with mental health. Older age (OR = 1.038) and perceived negative impact (OR = 2.398) of COVID-19 on medical work were associated with anxiety, and those with frontline experience with COVID-19 patients (OR = 2.306) were more likely to experience stress. More than one-fifth of pharmacists in psychiatric hospitals experienced symptoms of depression or anxiety during the pandemic, highlighting the need for policy change to improve workplace conditions and psychological well-being for this professional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenkuo Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan, China
| | - Mengdie Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yating Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Michael Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Mental Health Service Line, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tingfang Liu
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute of Healthy Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-lang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Mental Health Service Line, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
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Silva MAXD, Santos MMA, Araújo AB, Galvão CRC, Barros MMMD, Silva ACDOE, Souza MBCAD, Barroso BIDL. Risk factors for healthcare professionals' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:3033-3044. [PMID: 37878944 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320232810.12102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to map the available evidence on the mental health risk factors of frontline health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a systematic review that followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. The search was independently carried out by four researchers, following the selection criteria in the electronic databases: PubMed Central, Ovid Technologies, GALE Academic Onefile, Science Citation Index Expanded. The data processing used Zotero software, responsible for creating and importing items according to the criteria established by the research. A total of 18,733 articles were found, of which 2,722 were excluded by the Zotero software because they were in duplicate, and another 366 were manually excluded. After applying the selection criteria, 43 articles entered the final analysis of this review. It is recommended that new scientific research be carried out, especially focusing on the analysis of health workers' mental health, aiming at providing the basis to create and implement public mental health programs and policies for workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Alexandra Xavier da Silva
- Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Brasil. Campus I, Cidade Universitária. 58051-900 João Pessoa PB Brasil.
| | - Mairana Maria Angélica Santos
- Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Brasil. Campus I, Cidade Universitária. 58051-900 João Pessoa PB Brasil.
| | - Angélica Barros Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal da Paraíba. João Pessoa PB Brasil
| | - Cláudia Regina Cabral Galvão
- Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Brasil. Campus I, Cidade Universitária. 58051-900 João Pessoa PB Brasil.
| | - Márcia Maria Mont'Alverne de Barros
- Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Brasil. Campus I, Cidade Universitária. 58051-900 João Pessoa PB Brasil.
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Mohtady Ali H, Ranse J, Roiko A, Desha C. Healthcare Workers' Resilience Toolkit for Disaster Management and Climate Change Adaptation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12440. [PMID: 36231739 PMCID: PMC9564616 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has been recognised as a multiplier of risk factors affecting public health. Disruptions caused by natural disasters and other climate-driven impacts are placing increasing demands on healthcare systems. These, in turn, impact the wellness and performance of healthcare workers (HCWs) and hinder the accessibility, functionality and safety of healthcare systems. This study explored factors influencing HCWs' disaster management capabilities with the aim of improving their resilience and adaptive capacity in the face of climate change. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen HCWs who dealt with disasters within two hospitals in Queensland, Australia. Analysis of the results identified two significant themes, HCWs' disaster education and HCWs' wellness and needs. The latter comprised five subthemes: HCWs' fear and vulnerability, doubts and uncertainty, competing priorities, resilience and adaptation, and needs assessment. This study developed an 'HCWs Resilience Toolkit', which encourages mindfulness amongst leaders, managers and policymakers about supporting four priority HCWs' needs: 'Wellness', 'Education', 'Resources' and 'Communication'. The authors focused on the 'Education' component to detail recommended training for each of the pre-disaster, mid-disaster and post-disaster phases. The authors conclude the significance of the toolkit, which provides a timely contribution to the healthcare sector amidst ongoing adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Mohtady Ali
- Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Jamie Ranse
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Anne Roiko
- Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Cheryl Desha
- Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
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Sun Y, Dai H, Wang P, Zhang X, Cui D, Huang Y, Zhang J, Xiang T. Will People Accept a Third Booster Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine? A Cross-Sectional Study in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:914950. [PMID: 35903387 PMCID: PMC9315287 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.914950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are considered to be an effective way to prevent the spread of the infection. Our previous study has shown that about 75% of healthcare workers (HCWs) in China were willing to receive the vaccine when it became available. Here, we examined the acceptance of a third booster dose among Chinese people and identified the influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted and the snowball sampling method was utilized. An online questionnaire was provided to all the participants in the form of a quick response (QR) code. The questionnaire included general demographic information, views on vaccines, the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The univariate analysis was done between all the variables and our dependent variable. Then, we used the multivariate logistic regression model to examine the influencing factors of the third booster dose acceptance. Results We collected 1,062 complete answers. Of these, 90.39% (n = 960) declared that they would accept the booster dose. Knowing more about the vaccine and recognizing the efficacy of vaccines were significantly associated with greater acceptance of the booster dose. People willing to take the booster dose had better psychological health. A belief that the booster dose could prevent severe infection caused by COVID-19 and enhance the effectiveness of the first two doses were the main contributing factors to vaccine acceptance. Vaccine hesitancy was mainly due to a low perceived risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and rapid mutation of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion This study revealed that Chinese people were very receptive to the third booster dose, which is an inspiring result. More positive attitudes regarding COVID-19 vaccination were supported by its efficacy and few side effects.
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Rus CL, Oţoiu C, Băban AS, Vâjâean C, Kassianos AP, Karekla M, Gloster AT. Working as a Healthcare Professional and Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Work Recovery Experiences and Need for Recovery as Mediators. Front Psychol 2022; 13:718422. [PMID: 35360583 PMCID: PMC8963943 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.718422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the high impact strain that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has put on medical personnel worldwide, identifying means to alleviate stress on healthcare professionals and to boost their subjective and psychological wellbeing is more relevant than ever. This study investigates the extent to which the relationships between the status of working in healthcare and the subjective and psychological wellbeing are serially mediated by work recovery experiences and the need for recovery. Data were collected from 217 Romanian employees (44 health professionals and 173 employees from other domains) using a cross-sectional design with self-report instruments, during the first stage of the nationwide lockdown. The results of the serial mediation analyses revealed that working in the medical field is indirectly related to subjective and psychological wellbeing through the following: (i) mastery experiences and (ii) mastery experiences as an antecedent of the need for recovery. As such, our findings indicate that (i) working in the medical field is, in fact, linked to healthcare professionals’ subjective and psychological wellbeing, and they provide some input on (ii) how recovery experiences and the need for recovery intervene in these relationships. Based on these findings, theoretical, methodological, and practical implications were suggested, and future research directions were proposed to maximize healthcare professionals’ wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lenuţa Rus
- Work and Organizational Psychology Research Center, Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- *Correspondence: Claudia Lenuţa Rus,
| | - Cătălina Oţoiu
- Work and Organizational Psychology Research Center, Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Cristina Vâjâean
- Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Angelos P. Kassianos
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Karekla
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andrew T. Gloster
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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The dynamic changes of cellular immunity among frontline medical workers who supported Wuhan for fighting against the COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108392. [PMID: 34848156 PMCID: PMC8608623 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a great stress to frontline medical workers. Our previous study indicated that immune cells in the peripheral blood of frontline medical workers changed significantly. However, the dynamic changes of immune cells of frontline medical workers remain unclear. Here, we reported the dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of 51 frontline medical worker. The frontline medical workers struggling with COVID-19 from February 8 to March 31, 2020. Demographic and clinical data, including routine blood test data were extracted from the electronic health examination record and retrospectively analyzed. The lymphocyte (LYM) count and LYM ratio increased while the monocyte (MONO) ratio, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and neutrophil (NEUT) ratio in the peripheral blood of frontline medical workers decreased 10 days after struggling with COVID-19. Interestingly, the differences of LYM count, LYM ratio, MONO ratio, NLR, NEUT ratio were more significantly in nurse than doctor. The differences of LYM ratio, NLR and NEUT ratio were more significantly in female than male. However, the changes of LYM count, LYM ratio, MONO ratio, NLR, MLR, NEUT ratio returned to the baseline 10 months after struggling with COVID-19. Together, these data indicated that immune cells in the peripheral blood changed significantly 10 days after struggling with COVID-19, but returned to normal after 10 months. Those maybe caused by psychological stress and we recommend to pay more attention to mental health and immune response of frontline medical workers.
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Ching SM, Ng KY, Lee KW, Yee A, Lim PY, Ranita H, Devaraj NK, Ooi PB, Cheong AT. Psychological distress among healthcare providers during COVID-19 in Asia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257983. [PMID: 34648526 PMCID: PMC8516240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 pandemic is having a devastating effect on the mental health and wellbeing of healthcare providers (HCPs) globally. This review is aimed at determining the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, fear, burnout and resilience and its associated factors among HCPs in Asia during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed literature search using 4 databases from Medline, Cinahl, PubMed and Scopus from inception up to March 15, 2021 and selected relevant cross-sectional studies. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot. Random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence while risk factors were reported in odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI. RESULTS We included 148 studies with 159,194 HCPs and the pooled prevalence for depression was 37.5% (95%CI: 33.8-41.3), anxiety 39.7(95%CI: 34.3-45.1), stress 36.4% (95%CI: 23.2-49.7), fear 71.3% (95%CI: 54.6-88.0), burnout 68.3% (95%CI: 54.0-82.5), and low resilience was 16.1% (95%CI: 12.8-19.4), respectively. The heterogeneity was high (I2>99.4%). Meta-analysis reported that both females (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.30-1.68) and nurses (OR = 1.21; 95%CI = 1.02-1.45) were at increased risk of having depression and anxiety [(Female: OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.49-1.85), (Nurse: OR = 1.36; 95%CI = 1.16-1.58)]. Females were at increased risk of getting stress (OR = 1.59; 95%CI = 1.28-1.97). CONCLUSION In conclusion, one third of HCPs suffered from depression, anxiety and stress and more than two third of HCPs suffered from fear and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Research, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kar Yean Ng
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
- Centre for Research on Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Anne Yee
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Poh Ying Lim
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hisham Ranita
- Universiti Malaya Library, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Navin Kumar Devaraj
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ai Theng Cheong
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
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Wu J, Cai J, Fang M, Wang Y, Xu F. Young hospital pharmacists' job stress and career prospects amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in China. J Pharm Policy Pract 2021; 14:66. [PMID: 34362462 PMCID: PMC8343349 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-021-00355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic posed a critical threat to public health in the past year and has not been fully controlled so far. The nature of front-line young hospital pharmacists’ occupation puts them at an increased risk of contracting any contagious disease, including COVID-19. Recent survey indicated that hospital pharmacists in China are depressive, hostile amid the pandemic. Aim The present investigation aims to understand the job stress among young hospital pharmacists during the outbreak of COVID-19 and to provide basic information for pharmacy managers to help young fellows to cope with job stress. Method This study is adopting pharmacist job stress questionnaire as the key instrument of data collection through WJX App in mobile phone. Demographic information, career prospects and stress management proposals were obtained synchronously. Quantitative data were processed with SPSS. Significant differences were examined using analysis of variance and Chi-square analysis. Result About 60% of 289 questionnaire respondents complained of job stress (178 respondents). According to the narrative description of the data, young pharmacists’ gender, education background, hospital grade, and specific work post had no significant effect on job stress difference. However, young pharmacists in different age-groups and professional titles showed different job stress. Pharmacists at the age of 31–35 complained more stress than the others. Pharmacists with high professional title (deputy chief pharmacist) complained more stress than the others. About 65% of 289 respondents had long-term plan for their practice, although 61% of young pharmacists felt troubled or worried with their future. As for stress management proposal, almost all young pharmacists hoped to improve their professional identity via raising their wages. Conclusion More than half of young pharmacists suffer from job stress amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in China, and various intervention measures should be taken to relieve the stress and finally improve their social identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wu
- Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Fengxian Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Fang
- Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Sun Y, Chen X, Cao M, Xiang T, Zhang J, Wang P, Dai H. Will Healthcare Workers Accept a COVID-19 Vaccine When It Becomes Available? A Cross-Sectional Study in China. Front Public Health 2021; 9:664905. [PMID: 34095068 PMCID: PMC8172770 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.664905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is currently available. This timely survey was conducted to provide insight into on the willingness of healthcare workers (HCWs)to receive the vaccine and determine the influencing factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional online survey. An online questionnaire was provided to all participants and they were asked if they would accept a free vaccine. The questionnaire gathered general demographic information, and included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12); Myers-Briggs Type Indicator questionnaire (MBTI); Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21); and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). The data were collected automatically and electronically. Univariate analysis was done between all the variables and our dependent variable. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to examine and identify the associations between the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine with the associated variables. Results: We collected 505 complete answers. The participants included 269 nurses (53.27%), 206 clinicians (40.79%), 15 administrative staff (2.97%), and 15 other staff (2.97%). Of these, 76.63% declared they would accept the vaccine. The major barriers were concerns about safety, effectiveness, and the rapid mutation in the virus. Moreover, four factors were significantly associated with the willingness to receive the vaccine: (a) “understanding of the vaccine” (odds ratio (OR):2.322; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.355 to 3.979); (b) “worried about experiencing COVID-19” (OR 1.987; 95% CI: 1.197–3.298); (c) “flu vaccination in 2020” (OR 4.730; 95% CI: 2.285 to 9.794); and (d) “living with elderly individuals” (OR 1.928; 95% CI: 1.074–3.462). Conclusions: During the vaccination period, there was still hesitation in receiving the vaccine. The results will provide a rationale for the design of future vaccination campaigns and education efforts concerning the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Sun
- Emergency Department, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital Chengdu Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Emergency Department, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital Chengdu Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Cao
- Emergency Department, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital Chengdu Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Emergency Department, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital Chengdu Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jimei Zhang
- Emergency Department, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital Chengdu Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Emergency Department, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital Chengdu Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Dai
- Emergency Department, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital Chengdu Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
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