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Bai WH, Yang JJ, Liu Z, Ning WS, Mao Y, Zhou CL, Cheng L. Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting in-hospital survival rates of patients with COVID-19. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31380. [PMID: 38803927 PMCID: PMC11129089 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Our aim was to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the in-hospital 14-day (14 d) and 28-day (28 d) survival rates of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods Clinical data of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from December 2022 to February 2023 and the north campus of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital from April 2022 to June 2022 were collected. A total of 408 patients from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were selected as the training cohort, and 151 patients from Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital were selected as the verification cohort. Independent variables were screened using Cox regression analysis, and a nomogram was constructed using R software. The prediction accuracy of the nomogram was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, C-index, and calibration curve. Decision curve analysis was used to evaluate the clinical application value of the model. The nomogram was externally validated using a validation cohort. Result In total, 559 patients with severe/critical COVID-19 were included in this study, of whom 179 (32.02 %) died. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age >80 years [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.539, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.027-2.306, P = 0.037], history of diabetes (HR = 1.741, 95 % CI: 1.253-2.420, P = 0.001), high APACHE II score (HR = 1.083, 95 % CI: 1.042-1.126, P < 0.001), sepsis (HR = 2.387, 95 % CI: 1.707-3.338, P < 0.001), high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (HR = 1.010, 95 % CI: 1.003-1.017, P = 0.007), and high D-dimer level (HR = 1.005, 95 % CI: 1.001-1.009, P = 0.028) were independent risk factors for 14 d and 28 d survival rates, whereas COVID-19 vaccination (HR = 0.625, 95 % CI: 0.440-0.886, P = 0.008) was a protective factor affecting prognosis. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the 14 d and 28 d hospital survival rates in the training cohort was 0.765 (95 % CI: 0.641-0.923) and 0.814 (95 % CI: 0.702-0.938), respectively, and the AUC of the 14 d and 28 d hospital survival rates in the verification cohort was 0.898 (95 % CI: 0.765-0.962) and 0.875 (95 % CI: 0.741-0.945), respectively. The calibration curves of 14 d and 28 d hospital survival showed that the predicted probability of the model agreed well with the actual probability. Decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that the nomogram has high clinical application value. Conclusion In-hospital survival rates of patients with COVID-19 were predicted using a nomogram, which will help clinicians in make appropriate clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Campus, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430200, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Campus, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430200, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, China
| | - Wan-Shan Ning
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, North Campus of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China
| | - Chen-Liang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Campus, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430200, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Campus, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430200, China
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Wang Y, Li Y, Wang X, Niu Z, Zhou L. Diagnostic value of coagulation index and serum inflammatory cytokines in hemorrhagic stroke patients with pulmonary infection in the sequelae stage. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:1383-1391. [PMID: 37661900 DOI: 10.3233/thc-230345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is the second reason for global deaths and a major reason for disabilities. OBJECTIVE To unravel the clinical value of the coagulation index and serum inflammatory cytokines in hemorrhagic stroke patients with pulmonary infection in the sequelae stage. METHODS Altogether, 130 hemorrhagic stroke patients who received treatment in Hebei General Hospital from April 2019 to December 2020 were selected. Patients were classified into the infection group (n= 65) and non-infection group (n= 65) according to whether they had a pulmonary infection in the sequelae stage of hemorrhagic stroke. Levels of coagulation index and serum inflammatory cytokines of patients in two groups were compared. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze pulmonary infection-related factors of hemorrhagic stroke patients. The diagnostic value of the coagulation index and serum inflammatory cytokines in pulmonary infection was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), D-dimer (D-D), platelet (PLT) related to coagulation function levels and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 17 (IL-17) related to serum inflammatory cytokines levels of patients in the infection group were higher than those in non-infection groups (p< 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis uncovered that FIB, D-D, PLT, and IL-17 were influencing factors of pulmonary infection in the sequelae of patients with hemorrhagic stroke (p< 0.05). Area under the curve (AUC) values of pulmonary infection in the sequelae stage of patients with hemorrhagic stroke diagnosed by FIB, D-D, PLT, and IL-17 were 0.823, 0.758, 0.660, and 0.755, respectively. CONCLUSION FIB, D-D, PLT, and IL-17 levels could be used for pulmonary infection diagnosis in the sequelae stage of hemorrhagic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yaqing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhancong Niu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lixia Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Lan F, Liu T, Guan C, Lin Y, Lin Z, Zhang H, Qi X, Chen X, Huang J. Nomogram for Risk of Secondary Venous Thromboembolism in Stroke Patients: A Study Based on the MIMIC-IV Database. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2024; 30:10760296241254104. [PMID: 38772566 PMCID: PMC11110519 DOI: 10.1177/10760296241254104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify risk factors for secondary venous thromboembolism (VTE) in stroke patients and establish a nomogram, an accurate predictor of probability of VTE occurrence during hospitalization in stroke patients. Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database of critical care medicine was utilized to retrieve information of stroke patients admitted to the hospital between 2008 and 2019. Patients were randomly allocated into train set and test set at 7:3. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for secondary VTE in stroke patients. A predictive nomogram model was constructed, and the predictive ability of the nomogram was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). This study included 266 stroke patients, with 26 patients suffering secondary VTE after stroke. A nomogram for predicting risk of secondary VTE in stroke patients was built according to pulmonary infection, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), log-formed D-dimer, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Area under the curve (AUC) of the predictive model nomogram was 0.880 and 0.878 in the train and test sets, respectively. The calibration curve was near the diagonal, and DCA curve presented positive net benefit. This indicates the model's good predictive performance and clinical utility. The nomogram effectively predicts the risk probability of secondary VTE in stroke patients, aiding clinicians in early identification and personalized treatment of stroke patients at risk of developing secondary VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folin Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Celin Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yufen Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiqin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Junlong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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Gao Y, Li X, Qin Y, Men J, Ren J, Li X, Xu C, Li Q, Li Y, Cui W, Zhang S, Li L, Li Y, Zhang J, Liu L. MPs-ACT, an Assay to Evaluate the Procoagulant Activity of Microparticles. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2023; 29:10760296231159374. [PMID: 36843474 PMCID: PMC9972054 DOI: 10.1177/10760296231159374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The procoagulant effect of microparticles (MPs) contributes to hypercoagulability-induced thrombosis. We provide preliminary findings of the MPs-Activated Clotting Time (MPs-ACT) assay to determine the procoagulant activity of MPs. MPs-rich plasma was obtained and recalcified. Changes in plasma viscoelasticity were evaluated and the time to the peak viscoelastic changes was defined as the MPs-ACT. MPs concentration was measured by flow cytometry. Coagulation products produced during plasma clotting were identified by fibrin and fibrinopeptide A. MPs were prepared in vitro and added to standard plasma to simulate pathological samples. In addition, reproducibility and sensitivity were evaluated. We confirmed the linear relationship between MPs-ACT and MP concentrations. Dynamic changes in fibrin production were depicted. We simulated the correlation between MPs-ACT and standard plasma containing MPs prepared in vitro. The reproducibility of high-value and low-value samples was 6.0% and 10.8%, respectively. MPs-ACT sensitively detected hypercoagulable samples from patients with pre-eclampsia, hip fractures, and lung tumors. MPs-ACT largely reflects the procoagulant effect of MPs. MPs-ACT sensitively and rapidly detects hypercoagulability with MPs-rich plasma. It may be promising for the diagnosis of hypercoagulable states induced by MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianlong Men
- Precision Medicine Center, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Precision Medicine Center, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunlei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiyun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaohua Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Jianning Zhang, Tianjin Neurological
Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, #154 Anshan Road,
Tianjin, 30052, China. Li Liu,
Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital,
#154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 30052, China.
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De Michele M, Kahan J, Berto I, Schiavo OG, Iacobucci M, Toni D, Merkler AE. Cerebrovascular Complications of COVID-19 and COVID-19 Vaccination. Circ Res 2022; 130:1187-1203. [PMID: 35420916 PMCID: PMC9005103 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.319954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The risk of stroke and cerebrovascular disease complicating infection with SARS-CoV-2 has been extensively reported since the onset of the pandemic. The striking efforts of many scientists in cooperation with regulators and governments worldwide have rapidly brought the development of a large landscape of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The novel DNA and mRNA vaccines have offered great flexibility in terms of antigen production and led to an unprecedented rapidity in effective and safe vaccine production. However, as mass vaccination has progressed, rare but catastrophic cases of thrombosis have occurred in association with thrombocytopenia and antibodies against PF4 (platelet factor 4). This catastrophic syndrome has been named vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Rarely, ischemic stroke can be the symptom onset of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia or can complicate the course of the disease. In this review, we provide an overview of stroke and cerebrovascular disease as a complication of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and outline the main clinical and radiological characteristics of cerebrovascular complications of vaccinations, with a focus on vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Based on the available data from the literature and from our experience, we propose a therapeutic protocol to manage this challenging condition. Finally, we highlight the overlapping pathophysiologic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination leading to thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela De Michele
- Stroke Unit, Emergency Department (M.D.M., I.B., O.G.S., D.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Joshua Kahan
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Department of Neurology, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (J.K., A.E.M.)
| | - Irene Berto
- Stroke Unit, Emergency Department (M.D.M., I.B., O.G.S., D.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Oscar G. Schiavo
- Stroke Unit, Emergency Department (M.D.M., I.B., O.G.S., D.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Iacobucci
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences (M.I.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Toni
- Stroke Unit, Emergency Department (M.D.M., I.B., O.G.S., D.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alexander E. Merkler
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Department of Neurology, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (J.K., A.E.M.)
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6
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Tornero C, Pastor E, Garzando MDM, Orduña J, Forner MJ, Bocigas I, Cedeño DL, Vallejo R, McClure CK, Czura CJ, Liebler EJ, Staats P. Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation for COVID-19: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (SAVIOR I). Front Neurol 2022; 13:820864. [PMID: 35463130 PMCID: PMC9028764 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.820864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized, in part, by an excessive inflammatory response. Evidence from animal and human studies suggests that vagus nerve stimulation can lead to reduced levels of various biomarkers of inflammation. We conducted a prospective randomized controlled study (SAVIOR-I) to assess the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the treatment of respiratory symptoms and inflammatory markers among patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04368156). Methods Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 allocation to receive either the standard of care (SoC) alone or nVNS therapy plus the SoC. The nVNS group received 2 consecutive 2-min doses of nVNS 3 times daily as prophylaxis. Efficacy and safety were evaluated via the incidence of specific clinical events, inflammatory biomarker levels, and the occurrence of adverse events. Results Of the 110 participants who were enrolled and randomly assigned, 97 (nVNS, n = 47; SoC, n = 50) had sufficient available data and comprised the evaluable population. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels decreased from baseline to a significantly greater degree in the nVNS group than in the SoC group at day 5 and overall (i.e., all postbaseline data points collected through day 5, combined). Procalcitonin level also showed significantly greater decreases from baseline to day 5 in the nVNS group than in the SoC group. D-dimer levels were decreased from baseline for the nVNS group and increased from baseline for the SoC group at day 5 and overall, although the difference between the treatment groups did not reach statistical significance. No significant treatment differences were seen for clinical respiratory outcomes or any of the other biochemical markers evaluated. No serious nVNS-related adverse events occurred during the study. Conclusions nVNS therapy led to significant reductions in levels of inflammatory markers, specifically CRP and procalcitonin. Because nVNS has multiple mechanisms of action that may be relevant to COVID-19, additional research into its potential use earlier in the course of COVID-19 and its potential to mitigate some of the symptoms associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Tornero
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management Unit, Valencia, Spain
- Cátedra Dolor, UFV-Fundación Vithas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Pastor
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management Unit, Valencia, Spain
| | - María del Mar Garzando
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management Unit, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Orduña
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management Unit, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria J. Forner
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Internal Medicine Department, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Bocigas
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Pulmonary Department, Valencia, Spain
| | - David L. Cedeño
- Department of Basic Science, Millennium Pain Center, Bloomington, IL, United States
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL, United States
| | - Ricardo Vallejo
- Department of Basic Science, Millennium Pain Center, Bloomington, IL, United States
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL, United States
| | | | | | | | - Peter Staats
- electroCore, Inc., Rockaway, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Peter Staats
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Sixto-López Y, Correa-Basurto J. HDAC inhibition as neuroprotection in COVID-19 infection. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1369-1378. [PMID: 35240959 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220303113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is responsible of COVID-19 affecting millions of humans around the world. COVID-19 shows diverse clinical symptoms (fever, cough, fatigue, diarrhea, body aches, headaches, anosmia and hyposmia). Approximately 30% of the patients with COVID-19 showed neurological symptoms, these going from mild to severe manifestations including headache, dizziness, impaired consciousness, encephalopathy, anosmia, hypogeusia, hyposmia, psychology and psychiatry among others. The neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 virus explains its neuroinvasion provoking neurological damage as acute demyelination, neuroinflammation etc. At molecular level, the COVID-19 patients had higher levels of cytokines and chemokines known as cytokines storms which disrupt the blood brain barrier allowing the entrance of monocytes and lymphocytes causing neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and demyelination. In addition, ischemic, hemorrhagic strokes, seizures and encephalopathy have been observed due to the proinflammatory cytokines. In this sense, to avoid or decrease neurological damage due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, an early neuroprotective management should be adopted. Several approaches can be used; one of them includes the use of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) due to their neuroprotective effects. Also, the HDACi down regulates the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF- decreasing the neurotoxicity. HDACi can also avoid and prevent the entrance of the virus into the Central nervous System (CNS) as well as decrease the virus replication by downregulating the virus receptors. Here we review the mechanisms that could explain how the SARS-CoV-2 virus could reach the CNS, induce the neurological damage and symptoms, as well as the possibility to use HDACi as neuroprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudibeth Sixto-López
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Casco de Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Casco de Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico
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Liu C, Zhang Y, Niu L, Li J. High Level of the Fibrin Degradation Products at Admission Predicts Parenchymal Hematoma and Unfavorable Outcome of Ischemic Stroke After Intravenous Thrombolysis. Front Neurol 2022; 12:797394. [PMID: 35115995 PMCID: PMC8803633 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.797394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose We aim to investigate whether the higher admission fibrin degradation products (FDPs) levels are associated with parenchymal hematomas (PHs) and unfavorable outcome after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Methods Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with IVT were studied. The FDP level was obtained on admission. PH was evaluated 24 h after treatment. The unfavorable outcome was defined as a 90-day modified Rankin Scale >2. The multivariable linear stepwise regression was used to assess independent factors associated with the log-transformed FDP (lgFDP). The receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) curve analysis was used to determine the predictive value of the FDP level for PH and unfavorable outcome. The logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors for PH and unfavorable outcome. The mediation analyses were performed to investigate associations among the FDP level, PH, and outcome. Results A total of 181 patients were included in the final analyses [median age, 73 (63–79) years; 102 (56.4%) males; and the median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, 8 (5–15)]. The lgFDP was independently associated with age (B = 0.011, 95% CI 0.006–0.015, p < 0.001) and the baseline NIHSS score (B = 0.016, 95% CI 0.008–0.025, p < 0.001). The FDP was positively associated with PH [odds ratio (OR) 1.034, 95% CI 1.000–1.069; p = 0.047]. According to the ROC analysis, the best discriminating factor for unfavorable outcome was the FDP ≥3.085 μg/ml. The FDP ≥3.085 μg/ml was an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome (OR 7.086, 95% CI 2.818–17.822; p < 0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that the association of the FDP ≥3.085 μg/ml with unfavorable outcome was not mediated by PH (p = 0.161). Conclusion The admission FDP levels can predict PH and unfavorable outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke after IVT. PH does not mediate the effect of the FDP level on the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingchuan Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiani Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiani Li
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9
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He C, He L, Chen L, Wang W. Advances in the study of nervous system infections in COVID‐19. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2021.9050014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortly after its outbreak, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has very rapidly spread to become a global epidemic. Early clinical findings mainly included typical symptoms such as fever and cough with a very high transmission rate. Recent findings have demonstrated neurological manifestations of atypical symptoms, which is associated with poor prognosis. In this paper, we describe the neurological aspects of COVID‐19 pneumonia in terms of relevant neurons, virus‐associated receptors, and olfactory and neurological clinical manifestations and offer insights on treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 300800, Zhejiang, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ling He
- Darwin Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100124, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Diseases, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 300800, Zhejiang, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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Qiu F, Wu Y, Zhang A, Xie G, Cao H, Du M, Jiang H, Li S, Ding M. Changes of coagulation function and risk of stroke in patients with COVID-19. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02185. [PMID: 33998177 PMCID: PMC8209810 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE COVID-19 is spreading throughout the whole world as a public health issue. There is a link between the new coronavirus and changes in biochemical indicators, such as coagulation functions. Hypercoagulable state of blood caused by infections may lead to cerebrovascular diseases. More attention should be paid to patients with COVID-19, especially critically ill individuals with history of cerebrovascular disease who may have high risk of stroke. METHODS 193 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. These patients were categorized into nonsevere (143 patients) and severe (50 patients) groups. This study evaluated laboratory tests, including routine blood tests, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, electrolytes, and coagulation functions. Furthermore, neurological function and stroke risks were evaluated in this study. RESULTS Compared to the nonsevere group, there were increases in white blood cells, neutrophil count, interleukin-6, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein in the severe group (p < .05). For coagulation functions, parameters like prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, D-dimer, and fibrin degradation products were increased significantly in the severe group (p < .01). Severe patients also demonstrated higher scores on the Framingham stroke risk profile and lower Glasgow scores (p < .05). Furthermore, significant associations were noticed between stroke risk and age, blood cell count, neutrophil count, D-dimmer, and fibrin degradation productions (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Data suggested that coagulation functions were affected in patients with COVID-19. Hypercoagulable state in patients may lead to potential high risk of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guojin Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingyang Du
- Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shun Li
- Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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