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Guido G, Bonato A, Bonomi S, Franceschini S, Morris JC. Handedness in Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2024; 38:298-304. [PMID: 39177174 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Handedness has been a topic of scientific interest for many years. However, false and misleading ideas have dominated this field with a still limited amount of research into the association with clinical disorders like Alzheimer disease (AD). In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies regarding the association of handedness and AD. Twelve articles were included. Case-control studies show that left-handedness is not a risk factor for late-onset AD (LOAD). However, nonright handedness was found to be more prevalent in patients with early-onset AD (EOAD). Moreover, handedness does not seem to affect neuropsychological performance. We also show that collapsing versus separating mixed and left-handedness may yield different results. Future research on the relation between handedness and AD may provide new insight into disease pathogenesis, improve rehabilitation, and help identify patients who will progress, aiding the design of prevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Guido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania
| | - Alberto Bonato
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Samuele Bonomi
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Simone Franceschini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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2
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Pang Y, Cai Y, Xia Z, Gao X. Predicting brain age using Tri-UNet and various MRI scale features. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13742. [PMID: 38877107 PMCID: PMC11178849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the process of human aging, significant age-related changes occur in brain tissue. To assist individuals in assessing the degree of brain aging, screening for disease risks, and further diagnosing age-related diseases, it is crucial to develop an accurate method for predicting brain age. This paper proposes a multi-scale feature fusion method called Tri-UNet based on the U-Net network structure, as well as a brain region information fusion method based on multi-channel input networks. These methods address the issue of insufficient image feature learning in brain neuroimaging data. They can effectively utilize features at different scales of MRI and fully leverage feature information from different regions of the brain. In the end, experiments were conducted on the Cam-CAN dataset, resulting in a minimum Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 7.46. The results demonstrate that this method provides a new approach to feature learning at different scales in brain age prediction tasks, contributing to the advancement of the field and holding significance for practical applications in the context of elderly education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pang
- School of Science, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 130000, China.
| | - Yihuai Cai
- School of Science, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 130000, China.
| | - Zonghui Xia
- Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xujie Gao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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3
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Vasylenko O, Gorecka MM, Waterloo K, Rodríguez-Aranda C. Reduction in manual asymmetry and decline in fine manual dexterity in right-handed older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Laterality 2022; 27:581-604. [PMID: 35974663 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2022.2111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research in Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease suggests that hand function is affected by neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about the relationship between hand function and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Therefore, we conducted a kinematic analysis of unimanual hand movements in MCI patients to answer whether manual asymmetries and manual dexterity are affected or preserved in this condition. Forty-one MCI patients and fifty healthy controls were tested with the Purdue Pegboard test. All participants were right-handed. Kinematic analyses (by hand) were calculated for path length, angle, and linear and angular velocities during reaching, grasping, transport and inserting. Group differences were tested by with factorial MANOVAs and laterality indexes (LI) were assessed. Groups were compared on "Right-Left" hand correlations to identify kinematics that best single-out patients. Kinematics from grasping and inserting were significantly more deteriorated in the MCI group, while outcomes for reaching and transport denoted superior performance. LIs data showed symmetry of movements in the MCI group, during reaching and transport. Comparisons of "Right-Left" hand correlations revealed that kinematics in reaching and transport were more symmetrical in patients. This study showed a deterioration of fine manual dexterity, an enhancement in gross dexterity of upper-limbs, and symmetrical movements in MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Vasylenko
- Department of Psychology, UiT, The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marta M Gorecka
- Department of Psychology, UiT, The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Knut Waterloo
- Department of Psychology, UiT, The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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4
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Liao W, Cui D, Jin J, Liu W, Wang X, Wang H, Li Y, Liu Z, Yin T. Correlation Between Amygdala Nuclei Volumes and Memory in Cognitively Normal Adults Carrying the ApoE ε3/ε3 Allele. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:747288. [PMID: 34970135 PMCID: PMC8713572 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.747288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is known to be related to cognitive function. In this study, we used an automated approach to segment the amygdala into nine nuclei and evaluated amygdala and nuclei volumetric changes across the adult lifespan in subjects carrying the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε3/ε3 allele, and we related those changes to memory function alteration. We found that except the left medial nucleus (Me), whose volume decreased in the old group compared with the middle-early group, all other nuclei volumes presented a significant decline in the old group compared with the young group. Left accessory basal nucleus (AB) and left cortico-amygdaloid transition area (CAT) volumes were also diminished in the middle-late group. In addition, immediate memory recall is impaired by the process of aging, whereas delayed recall and delayed recognition memory functions were not significantly changed. We found significant positive correlations between immediate recall scores and volumes of the bilateral basal nucleus (Ba), AB, anterior amygdaloid area (AAA), CAT, whole amygdala, left lateral nucleus (La), left paralaminar nucleus (PL), and right cortical nucleus (Co). The results suggest that immediate recall memory decline might be associated with volumetric reduction of the amygdala and its nuclei, and the left AB and left CAT might be considered as potential imaging biomarkers of memory decline in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Cui
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingna Jin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Sinovation (Beijing) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Fraser MA, Walsh EI, Shaw ME, Anstey KJ, Cherbuin N. Longitudinal Effects of Physical Activity Change on Hippocampal Volumes over up to 12 Years in Middle and Older Age Community-Dwelling Individuals. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2705-2716. [PMID: 34671805 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the long-term associations between changes in physical activity levels and hippocampal volumes over time, while considering the influence of age, sex, and APOE-ε4 genotype. We investigated the effects of change in physical activity on hippocampal volumes in 411 middle age (mean age = 47.2 years) and 375 older age (mean age = 63.1 years) adults followed up to 12 years. An annual volume decrease was observed in the left (middle age: 0.46%; older age: 0.51%) but not in the right hippocampus. Each additional 10 metabolic equivalents (METs, ~2 h of moderate exercise) increase in weekly physical activity was associated with 0.33% larger hippocampal volume in middle age (equivalent to ~1 year of typical aging). In older age, each additional MET was associated with 0.05% larger hippocampal volume; however, the effects declined with time by 0.005% per year. For older age APOE-ε4 carriers, each additional MET was associated with a 0.10% increase in hippocampal volume. No sex effects of physical activity change were found. Increasing physical activity has long-term positive effects on hippocampal volumes and appears especially beneficial for older APOE-ε4 carriers. To optimize healthy brain aging, physical activity programs should focus on creating long-term exercise habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Fraser
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Erin I Walsh
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,Population Health Exchange, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Marnie E Shaw
- ANU College of Engineering & Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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Laverack K, Pike TW, Cooper JJ, Frasnelli E. The effect of sex and age on paw use within a large sample of dogs (Canis familiaris). Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Chandratre S, Soman A. Enhancing Graduate Medical Education for Left-Handed Learners. J Grad Med Educ 2021; 13:15-17. [PMID: 33680293 PMCID: PMC7901612 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-20-00366.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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8
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Comparison of Language and Memory Lateralization by Functional MRI and Wada Test in Epilepsy. FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH 2021; 2:100009. [PMID: 34189523 PMCID: PMC8238456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The intracarotid sodium amobarbital procedure (ISAP or Wada test) lateralizes cerebral functions to the cerebral hemispheres preoperatively. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is increasingly used to characterize preoperative language and memory lateralization. In this study, concordance of fMRI with Wada was examined in patients with medically intractable seizures. The relationship of the distance between the epileptogenic focus to functional activation area with patients' post-operative deficits in language was also analyzed. 27 epilepsy patients with preoperative fMRI and Wada data were analyzed using established fMRI paradigms for language and memory. Activation of Broca's and Wernicke's areas were measured in three dimensions. Language and memory lateralization were determined, and standard neuropsychiatry Wada test procedures were used for comparison. The shortest distance between a language area to the border of surgical focus (LAD) was also measured and compared with postoperative language deficits. Our study found that concordance between fMRI and Wada testing was 0.41 (Kappa's 'fair to good' concordance) for language dominance and 0.1 (Kappa's 'poor' concordance) for memory. No significant correlation was found between LAD and post-op language deficit (p=0.439). A correlation was found between LAD and post-op memory deficit (p=0.049; the further distance from surgical lesion to language area is associated with less post-operative memory loss). Females demonstrated significantly increased postoperative seizure improvement (Fisher's p-value=0.0296; female=8; male=6). A significant association between handedness (right-handed subjects) and postoperative seizure improvement was found (p=0.02) as well as a significant trend for interaction of gender and handedness on postoperative seizure improvement (p=0.09). Overall, our results demonstrate fMRI as a useful preoperative adjunct to Wada testing for language lateralization in patients with medically intractable seizures.
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Fraser MA, Walsh EI, Shaw ME, Abhayaratna WP, Anstey KJ, Sachdev PS, Cherbuin N. Longitudinal trajectories of hippocampal volume in middle to older age community dwelling individuals. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 97:97-105. [PMID: 33190123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding heterogeneity in brain aging trajectories is important to estimate the extent to which aging outcomes can be optimized. Although brain changes in late life are well-characterized, brain changes in middle age are not well understood. In this study, we investigated hippocampal change in a generally healthy community-living population of middle (n = 421, mean age 47.2 years) and older age (n = 411, mean age 63.0 years) individuals, over a follow-up of up to 12 years. Manually traced hippocampal volumes were analyzed using multilevel models and latent class analysis to investigate longitudinal aging trajectories and laterality and sex effects, and to identify subgroups that follow different aging trajectories. Hippocampal volumes decreased on average by 0.18%/year in middle age and 0.3%/year in older age. Men tended to experience steeper declines than women in middle age only. Three subgroups of individuals following different trajectories were identified in middle age and 2 in older age. Contrary to expectations, the subgroup containing two-thirds of older age participants maintained stable hippocampal volumes across the follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Fraser
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
| | - Erin I Walsh
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Population Health Exchange, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Marnie E Shaw
- ANU College of Engineering & Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Walter P Abhayaratna
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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10
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Ryan JJ, Kreiner DS, Paolo AM. Handedness of healthy elderly and patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:875-883. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1707824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Ryan
- Department of Psychology, School of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Psychological Science, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO, USA
| | - David S. Kreiner
- Department of Psychology, School of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Psychological Science, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO, USA
| | - Anthony M. Paolo
- Office of Medical Education, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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11
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Jiang Y, Tian Y, Wang Z. Age-Related Structural Alterations in Human Amygdala Networks: Reflections on Correlations Between White Matter Structure and Effective Connectivity. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:214. [PMID: 31333430 PMCID: PMC6624785 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala, which is involved in human social information processing and socio-emotional response neuronal circuits, is segmented into three subregions that are responsible for perception, affiliation, and aversion. Though there is different functional and effective connectivity (EC) among these networks, age-related structural changes and associations between structure and function within the amygdala remain unclear. Here, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data (106 participants) to investigate age-related structural changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) of amygdalar subregions. We also examined the relationship between FA and EC within the subregions. We found that the FA of the amygdalar subregions exhibited inverted-U-shape trends with age. Moreover, over the human lifespan, there were negative correlations between the FA of the right ventrolateral amygdala (VLA.R) and the Granger-based EC (GC) of VLA.R → perception network (PerN), the FA of the VLA.R and the GC of the net flow from VLA.R → PerN, and the FA of the left dorsal amygdala (DorA.L) and the GC of the aversion network (AveN). Conversely, there was a positive correlation between the FA of the DorA.L and the GC of the net flow from DorA.L → AveN. Our results suggest that age-related changes in the function of the brain are constrained by the underlying white matter architectures, while the functional information flow changes influence white matter structure. This work increases our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms in the maturation and aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Jiang
- Bio-information College, ChongQing University of Posts and Telecommunications, ChongQing, China
| | - Yin Tian
- Bio-information College, ChongQing University of Posts and Telecommunications, ChongQing, China
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Bio-information College, ChongQing University of Posts and Telecommunications, ChongQing, China
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Pressman PS, Noniyeva Y, Bott N, Dutt S, Sturm V, Miller BL, Kramer JH. Comparing Volume Loss in Neuroanatomical Regions of Emotion versus Regions of Cognition in Healthy Aging. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158187. [PMID: 27552103 PMCID: PMC4994935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many emotional functions are relatively preserved in aging despite declines in several cognitive domains and physical health. High levels of happiness exist even among centenarians. To address the hypothesis of whether preservation of emotional function in healthy aging may relate to different rates of age-related volume loss across brain structures, we performed two volumetric analyses on structural magnetic resonance neuroimaging of a group of healthy aging research participants using Freesurfer version 5.1. Volumes selected as supporting cognition included bilateral midfrontal and lateral frontal gyri, lateral parietal and temporal cortex, and medial temporal lobes. Volumes supporting emotion included bilateral amygdala, rostral anterior cingulate, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using structural MRI scans from 258 subjects. We found no difference in proportional change between groups. A longitudinal mixed effects model was used to compare regional changes over time in a subset of 84 subjects. Again, there was no difference in proportional change over time. While our results suggest that aging does not collectively target cognitive brain regions more than emotional regions, subgroup analysis suggests relative preservation of the anterior cingulate cortex, with greater volume loss in the nucleus accumbens. Implications of these relative rates of age-related volume loss in healthy aging are discussed and merit further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S. Pressman
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America
| | - Yuliana Noniyeva
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America
| | - Nick Bott
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America
| | - Shubir Dutt
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America
| | - Virginia Sturm
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America
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13
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Shobe E, Desimone K. Inconsistent handers show higher psychopathy than consistent handers. Laterality 2015; 21:143-60. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2015.1089879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Although aging is associated with clear declines in physical and cognitive processes, emotional functioning fares relatively well. Consistent with this behavioral profile, two core emotional brain regions, the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, show little structural and functional decline in aging, compared with other regions. However, emotional processes depend on interacting systems of neurotransmitters and brain regions that go beyond these structures. This review examines how age-related brain changes influence processes such as attending to and remembering emotional stimuli, regulating emotion, and recognizing emotional expressions, as well as empathy, risk taking, impulsivity, behavior change, and attentional focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Mather
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089;
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15
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Being overweight is associated with hippocampal atrophy: the PATH Through Life Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1509-14. [PMID: 26041696 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Cherbuin N, Sargent-Cox K, Easteal S, Sachdev P, Anstey KJ. Hippocampal atrophy is associated with subjective memory decline: The PATH Through Life study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 23:446-55. [PMID: 25204687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether subjective memory decline (SMD) in cognitively healthy individuals is associated with hippocampal atrophy. METHODS Multiple regression analyses assessing the relationship between hippocampal atrophy over 4 years and SMD at baseline and follow-up in 305 cognitively healthy individuals aged 60-64 years free from dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and other neurological disorders. RESULTS SMD at baseline was not a significant predictor of hippocampal atrophy. However, SMD at follow-up was associated with greater hippocampal atrophy. Associations were reduced but remained significant after controlling for anxiety and depression symptomatology. CONCLUSION Hippocampal atrophy was associated with incident/persisting SMD and this association was not, or only partly, explained by anxiety and depression symptomatology. These results are consistent with a biological origin to subjective memory decline. SMD should be included in screening and neuropsychological batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Kerry Sargent-Cox
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Simon Easteal
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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17
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Tutkuviene J, Schiefenhövel W. Laterality of handgrip strength: age- and physical training-related changes in Lithuanian schoolchildren and conscripts. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1288:124-34. [PMID: 23701486 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Laterality in handgrip strength was assessed by analyzing dynamometric data of the right and left hand in three samples of Lithuanian boys and girls aged 7-20 years. In addition, the influence of general physical training on the laterality of handgrip strength was explored in a sample of conscripts. A negative secular trend in handgrip strength of schoolchildren has been detected since 1965, and with increasing age, right-handedness has become more pronounced. Children that were ambidextrous (by grip strength) showed negative deviations in physical status more often than their right- or left-handed peers. During one year of physical training, the conscripts had a larger increase in grip strength of the left than in the right hand, and a marked shift in handgrip laterality toward left-handed and ambidextrous individuals was observed. The different impact of schooling and physical training on handgrip strength laterality might partly explain variations in the prevalence of handedness in different societies with divergent cultures and lifestyles (e.g., more or less sedentary).
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Tutkuviene
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Anthropology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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