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Shen H, Liu K, Kong F, Ren M, Wang X, Wang S. Strategies for measuring concentrations and forms of amyloid-β peptides. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 259:116405. [PMID: 38776801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is affecting more and more people worldwide without the effective treatment, while the existed pathological mechanism has been confirmed barely useful in the treatment. Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), a main component of senile plaque, is regarded as the most promising target in AD treatment. Aβ clearance from AD brain seems to be a reliably therapeutic strategy, as the two exited drugs, GV-971 and aducanumab, are both developed based on it. However, doubt still exists. To exhaustive expound on the pathological mechanism of Aβ, rigorous analyses on the concentrations and aggregation forms are essential. Thus, it is attracting broad attention these years. However, most of the sensors have not been used in pathological studies, as the lack of the bridge between analytical chemist and pathologists. In this review, we made a brief introduce on Aβ-related pathological mechanism included in β-amyloid hypothesis to elucidate the detection conditions of sensor methods. Furthermore, a summary of the sensor methods was made, which were based on Aβ concentrations and form detections that have been developed in the past 10 years. As the greatest number of the sensors were built on fluorescent spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and Roman spectroscopy, detailed elucidation on them was made. Notably, the aggregation process is another important factor in revealing the progress of AD and developing the treatment methods, so the sensors on monitoring Aβ aggregation processes were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Keyin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Fangong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Mingguang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China; Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong, 264333, PR China.
| | - Shoujuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China.
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Xie L, Zhao J, Li Y, Bai J. PET brain imaging in neurological disorders. Phys Life Rev 2024; 49:100-111. [PMID: 38574584 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Brain disorders are a series of conditions with damage or loss of neurons, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), or drug dependence. These individuals have gradual deterioration of cognitive, motor, and other central nervous system functions affected. This degenerative trajectory is intricately associated with dysregulations in neurotransmitter systems. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging, employing radiopharmaceuticals and molecular imaging techniques, emerges as a crucial tool for detecting brain biomarkers. It offers invaluable insights for early diagnosis and distinguishing brain disorders. This article comprehensively reviews the application and progress of conventional and novel PET imaging agents in diagnosing brain disorders. Furthermore, it conducts a thorough analysis on merits and limitations. The article also provides a forward-looking perspective in the future development directions of PET imaging agents for diagnosing brain disorders and proposes potential innovative strategies. It aims to furnish clinicians and researchers with an all-encompassing overview of the latest advancements and forthcoming trends in the utilization of PET imaging for diagnosing brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xie
- Faculty of Life science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical school, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, PR China
| | - Jihua Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, PR China
| | - Ye Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical school, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical school, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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Horimoto Y, Sato C, Suzuki A, Inagaki A, Tajima T, Hibino H, Inagaki H. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration in the "Annual of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan". J Neurol 2024:10.1007/s00415-024-12528-5. [PMID: 38909120 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Good accuracy for the clinical diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) by specialists in an early onset dementia clinic has been reported. OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic accuracy of FTLD in an entire population, without restrictions related to patient age or diagnosing physician. METHODS Volumes of the "Annual of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan," with reports of 130,105 autopsies throughout Japan from 2007 to 2016, were descriptively analyzed. RESULTS There were 219 patients with clinical and/or pathological diagnoses of FTLD. The sensitivity and specificity were 24.5% and 76.9%, respectively. Age at death for pathologically confirmed patients was 76.3 ± 11.6 years (mean ± standard deviation). Overlooked patients died significantly older than patients with an accurate clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Clinical diagnoses of FTLD had low sensitivity. Furthermore, the age at death of pathologically confirmed patients suggests that FTLD affects a wide age range and is not restricted to presenile individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Horimoto
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, 1-2, Mikan-yama, Yatomi-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8622, Japan.
| | - Chikako Sato
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, 1-2, Mikan-yama, Yatomi-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8622, Japan
| | - Ayuko Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, 1-2, Mikan-yama, Yatomi-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8622, Japan
| | - Aki Inagaki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, 1-2, Mikan-yama, Yatomi-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8622, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Tajima
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, 1-2, Mikan-yama, Yatomi-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8622, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hibino
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, 1-2, Mikan-yama, Yatomi-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8622, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inagaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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Chen A, Shea D, Daggett V. Performance of SOBA-AD blood test in discriminating Alzheimer's disease patients from cognitively unimpaired controls in two independent cohorts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7946. [PMID: 38575622 PMCID: PMC10995183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57107-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) toxic oligomers are critical early players in the molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have developed a Soluble Oligomer Binding Assay (SOBA-AD) for detection of these Aβ oligomers that contain α-sheet secondary structure that discriminates plasma samples from patients on the AD continuum from non-AD controls. We tested 265 plasma samples from two independent cohorts to investigate the performance of SOBA-AD. Testing was performed at two different sites, with different personnel, reagents, and instrumentation. Across two cohorts, SOBA-AD discriminated AD patients from cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects with 100% sensitivity, > 95% specificity, and > 98% area under the curve (AUC) (95% CI 0.95-1.00). A SOBA-AD positive readout, reflecting α-sheet toxic oligomer burden, was found in AD patients, and not in controls, providing separation of the two populations, aside from 5 SOBA-AD positive controls. Based on an earlier SOBA-AD study, the Aβ oligomers detected in these CU subjects may represent preclinical cases of AD. The results presented here support the value of SOBA-AD as a promising blood-based tool for the detection and confirmation of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Chen
- AltPep Corporation, 1150 Eastlake Avenue N, Suite 800, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Dylan Shea
- AltPep Corporation, 1150 Eastlake Avenue N, Suite 800, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- University of Washington, Box 355610, Seattle, WA, 98195-5610, USA
| | - Valerie Daggett
- AltPep Corporation, 1150 Eastlake Avenue N, Suite 800, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- University of Washington, Box 355610, Seattle, WA, 98195-5610, USA.
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Peng X, Zhang X, Xu Z, Li L, Mo X, Peng Z, Shan Z, Yan H, Xu J, Liu L. Peripheral amyloid-β clearance mediates cognitive impairment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105079. [PMID: 38507874 PMCID: PMC10965463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent risk factor for cognitive impairment. Cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, as an important pathology of cognitive impairment, can be caused by impaired Aβ clearance in the periphery. The liver is the primary organ for peripheral Aβ clearance, but the role of peripheral Aβ clearance in NAFLD-induced cognitive impairment remains unclear. METHODS We examined correlations between NAFLD severity, Aβ accumulation, and cognitive performance in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The impact of NAFLD on hepatic Aβ clearance and the involvement of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) were assessed in rat livers and cultured hepatocytes. Additionally, a case-control study, including 549 NAFLD cases and 549 controls (782 males, 316 females), investigated the interaction between NAFLD and LRP-1 rs1799986 polymorphism on plasma Aβ levels. FINDINGS The severity of hepatic steatosis and dysfunction closely correlated with plasma and cerebral Aβ accumulations and cognitive deficits in rats. The rats with NAFLD manifested diminished levels of LRP-1 and Aβ in liver tissue, with these reductions inversely proportional to plasma and cerebral Aβ concentrations and cognitive performance. In vitro, exposure of HepG2 cells to palmitic acid inhibited LRP-1 expression and Aβ uptake, which was subsequently reversed by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist. The case-control study revealed NAFLD to be associated with an increment of 8.24% and 10.51% in plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels, respectively (both P < 0.0001). Moreover, the positive associations between NAFLD and plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels were modified by the LRP-1 rs1799986 polymorphism (P for interaction = 0.0017 and 0.0015, respectively). INTERPRETATION LRP-1 mediates the adverse effect of NAFLD on peripheral Aβ clearance, thereby contributing to cerebral Aβ accumulation and cognitive impairment in NAFLD. FUNDING Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project, National Key Research and Development Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Angel Nutrition Research Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zihui Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Linyan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoxing Mo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhilei Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Nwamekang Belinga L, Espourteille J, Wepnyu Njamnshi Y, Zafack Zeukang A, Rouaud O, Kongnyu Njamnshi A, Allali G, Richetin K. Circulating Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Unlocking the Diagnostic Potential in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, Focusing on Africa. NEURODEGENER DIS 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38555638 DOI: 10.1159/000538623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is emerging as a significant public health challenge in Africa, with predictions indicating a tripling in incidence by 2050. The diagnosis of AD on the African continent is notably difficult, leading to late detection that severely limits treatment options and significantly impacts the quality of life for patients and their families. SUMMARY This review focuses on the potential of high-sensitivity specific blood biomarkers as promising tools for improving AD diagnosis and management globally, particularly in Africa. These advances are particularly pertinent in the continent, where access to medical and technical resources is often limited. KEY MESSAGES Identifying precise, sensitive, and specific blood biomarkers could contribute to the biological characterization and management of AD in Africa. Such advances promise to improve patient care and pave the way for new regional opportunities in pharmaceutical research and drug trials on the continent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Nwamekang Belinga
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeanne Espourteille
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yembe Wepnyu Njamnshi
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ariole Zafack Zeukang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Rouaud
- Leenaards Memory Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Kongnyu Njamnshi
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Allali
- Leenaards Memory Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Richetin
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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AlMansoori ME, Jemimah S, Abuhantash F, AlShehhi A. Predicting early Alzheimer's with blood biomarkers and clinical features. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6039. [PMID: 38472245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder that leads to dementia. This study employs explainable machine learning models to detect dementia cases using blood gene expression, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and clinical data from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Analyzing 623 ADNI participants, we found that the Support Vector Machine classifier with Mutual Information (MI) feature selection, trained on all three data modalities, achieved exceptional performance (accuracy = 0.95, AUC = 0.94). When using gene expression and SNP data separately, we achieved very good performance (AUC = 0.65, AUC = 0.63, respectively). Using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), we identified significant features, potentially serving as AD biomarkers. Notably, genetic-based biomarkers linked to axon myelination and synaptic vesicle membrane formation could aid early AD detection. In summary, this genetic-based biomarker approach, integrating machine learning and SHAP, shows promise for precise AD diagnosis, biomarker discovery, and offers novel insights for understanding and treating the disease. This approach addresses the challenges of accurate AD diagnosis, which is crucial given the complexities associated with the disease and the need for non-invasive diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaath Ebrahim AlMansoori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sherlyn Jemimah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ferial Abuhantash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aamna AlShehhi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University, P.O. Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Gonzalez‐Ortiz F, Ferreira PCL, González‐Escalante A, Montoliu‐Gaya L, Ortiz‐Romero P, Kac PR, Turton M, Kvartsberg H, Ashton NJ, Zetterberg H, Harrison P, Bellaver B, Povala G, Villemagne VL, Pascoal TA, Ganguli M, Cohen AD, Minguillon C, Contador J, Suárez‐Calvet M, Karikari TK, Blennow K. A novel ultrasensitive assay for plasma p-tau217: Performance in individuals with subjective cognitive decline and early Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1239-1249. [PMID: 37975513 PMCID: PMC10916963 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology among individuals with mild cognitive changes and those experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD) remains challenging. Plasma phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217) is one of the most promising of the emerging biomarkers for AD. However, accessible methods are limited. METHODS We employed a novel p-tau217 immunoassay (University of Gothenburg [UGOT] p-tau217) in four independent cohorts (n = 308) including a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker-classified cohort (Discovery), two cohorts consisting mostly of cognitively unimpaired (CU) and mild cognitively impaired (MCI) participants (MYHAT and Pittsburgh), and a population-based cohort of individuals with SCD (Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center's Alzheimer's At-Risk Cohort [β-AARC]). RESULTS UGOT p-tau217 showed high accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.80-0.91) identifying amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology, determined either by Aβ positron emission tomography or CSF Aβ42/40 ratio. In individuals experiencing SCD, UGOT p-tau217 showed high accuracy identifying those with a positive CSF Aβ42/40 ratio (AUC = 0.91). DISCUSSION UGOT p-tau217 can be an easily accessible and efficient way to screen and monitor patients with suspected AD pathophysiology, even in the early stages of the continuum.
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Souchet B, Michaïl A, Billoir B, Braudeau J. Biological Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Amyloid Status: An Illustration of Confirmation Bias in Medical Research? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17544. [PMID: 38139372 PMCID: PMC10744068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) was first characterized by Dr. Alois Alzheimer in 1906 by studying a demented patient and discovering cerebral amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Subsequent research highlighted the roles of Aβ peptides and tau proteins, which are the primary constituents of these lesions, which led to the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Technological advances, such as PET scans using Florbetapir, have made it possible to visualize amyloid plaques in living patients, thus improving AD's risk assessment. The National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association introduced biological diagnostic criteria in 2011, which underlined the amyloid deposits diagnostic value. However, potential confirmation bias may have led researchers to over-rely on amyloid markers independent of AD's symptoms, despite evidence of their limited specificity. This review provides a critical examination of the current research paradigm in AD, including, in particular, the predominant focus on amyloid and tau species in diagnostics. We discuss the potential multifaceted consequences of this approach and propose strategies to mitigate its overemphasis in the development of new biomarkers. Furthermore, our study presents comprehensive guidelines aimed at enhancing the creation of biomarkers for accurately predicting AD dementia onset. These innovations are crucial for refining patient selection processes in clinical trial enrollment and for the optimization of therapeutic strategies. Overcoming confirmation bias is essential to advance the diagnosis and treatment of AD and to move towards precision medicine by incorporating a more nuanced understanding of amyloid biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jérôme Braudeau
- AgenT SAS, 4 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France; (B.S.); (A.M.); (B.B.)
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Gao F, Chen J, Zhou Y, Cheng L, Hu M, Wang X. Recent progress of small-molecule-based theranostic agents in Alzheimer's disease. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2231-2245. [PMID: 37974955 PMCID: PMC10650505 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00330b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia. As a multifactorial disease, AD involves several etiopathogenic mechanisms, in which multiple pathological factors are interconnected with each other. This complicated and unclear pathogenesis makes AD lack effective diagnosis and treatment. Theranostics, exerting the synergistic effect of diagnostic and therapeutic functions, would provide a promising strategy for exploring AD pathogenesis and developing drugs for combating AD. With the efforts in small drug-like molecules for both diagnosis and treatment of AD, small-molecule-based theranostic agents have attracted significant attention owing to their facile synthesis, high biocompatibility and reproducibility, and easy clearance from the body through the excretion systems. In this review, the small-molecule-based theranostic agents reported in the literature for anti-AD are classified into four groups according to their diagnostic modalities. Their design rationales, chemical structures, and working mechanisms for theranostics are summarized. Finally, the opportunities for small-molecule-based theranostic agents in AD are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Gao
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Jiefang Chen
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Yuancun Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Letong Cheng
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Ming Hu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
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Balu D, Valencia-Olvera AC, Islam Z, Mielczarek C, Hansen A, Perez Ramos TM, York J, LaDu MJ, Tai LM. APOE genotype and sex modulate Alzheimer's disease pathology in aged EFAD transgenic mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1279343. [PMID: 38020764 PMCID: PMC10644540 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1279343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports that age, APOE and sex interact to modulate Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, however the underlying pathways are unclear. One way that AD risk factors may modulate cognition is by impacting amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation as plaques, and/or neuroinflammation Therefore, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the extent to which age, APOE and sex modulate Aβ pathology, neuroinflammation and behavior in vivo. To achieve this goal, we utilized the EFAD mice, which express human APOE3 or APOE4 and have five familial AD mutations (FAD) that result in Aβ42 overproduction. We assessed Aβ levels, reactive glia and Morris water maze performance in 6-, 10-, 14-, and 18-month-old EFAD mice. Female APOE4 mice had the highest Aβ deposition, fibrillar amyloid deposits and neuroinflammation as well as earlier behavior deficits. Interestingly, we found that female APOE3 mice and male APOE4 mice had similar levels of pathology. Collectively our data support that the combination of APOE4 and female sex is the most detrimental combination for AD, and that at older ages, female sex may be equivalent to APOE4 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deebika Balu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ana C. Valencia-Olvera
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zarak Islam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Clare Mielczarek
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Allison Hansen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Tamara M. Perez Ramos
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- School of Medicine, St. George’s University, St. George’s, Grenada
| | - Jason York
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leon M. Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Gonzalez-Ortiz F, Ferreira PCL, Gonzalez A, Montoliu-Gaya L, Ortiz-Romero P, Kac PR, Turton M, Kvartsberg H, Ashton NJ, Zetterberg H, Harrison P, Bellaver B, Povala G, Villemagne VL, Pascoal TA, Ganguli M, Cohen AD, Miguillon C, Contador J, Suarez-Calvet M, Karikari TK, Blennow K. A novel ultrasensitive assay for plasma p-tau217: performance in individuals with subjective cognitive decline and early Alzheimer's disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.26.23296134. [PMID: 37873312 PMCID: PMC10593040 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.26.23296134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology among cognitively unimpaired individuals and those experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD) remains challenging. Plasma p-tau217 is one of the most promising of the emerging biomarkers for AD. However, accessible methods are limited. METHODS We employed a novel p-tau217 immunoassay (UGOT p-tau217) in four independent cohorts (n=308) including a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker-classified cohort (Discovery), two cohorts consisting mostly of cognitively unimpaired participants (MYHAT and Pittsburgh), and a population-based cohort of individuals with SCD (β-AARC). RESULTS UGOT p-tau217 showed high accuracy (AUC= 0.80-0.91) identifying Aβ pathology, determined either by Aβ positron emission tomography or CSF Aβ42/40 ratio. In individuals experiencing SCD, UGOT p-tau217 showed high accuracy identifying those with a positive CSF Aβ42/40 ratio (AUC= 0.91). DISCUSSION UGOT p-tau217 can be an easily accessible and efficient way to screen and monitor patients with suspected AD pathophysiology, even in the early stages of the continuum.
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Stecker MM, Srivastava A, Reiss AB. Amyloid-β Effects on Peripheral Nerve: A New Model System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14488. [PMID: 37833938 PMCID: PMC10572603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there are many biochemical methods to measure amyloid-β (Aβ)42 concentration, one of the critical issues in the study of the effects of Aβ42 on the nervous system is a simple physiological measurement. The in vitro rat sciatic nerve model is employed and the nerve action potential (NAP) is quantified with different stimuli while exposed to different concentrations of Aβ42. Aβ42 predominantly reduces the NAP amplitude with minimal effects on other parameters except at low stimulus currents and short inter-stimulus intervals. The effects of Aβ42 are significantly concentration-dependent, with a maximum reduction in NAP amplitude at a concentration of 70 nM and smaller effects on the NAP amplitude at higher and lower concentrations. However, even physiologic concentrations in the range of 70 pM did reduce the NAP amplitude. The effects of Aβ42 became maximal 5-8 h after exposure and did not reverse during a 30 min washout period. The in vitro rat sciatic nerve model is sensitive to the effects of physiologic concentrations of Aβ42. These experiments suggest that the effect of Aβ42 is a very complex function of concentration that may be the result of amyloid-related changes in membrane properties or sodium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Long Island, NY 11501, USA; (A.S.); (A.B.R.)
| | - Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Long Island, NY 11501, USA; (A.S.); (A.B.R.)
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Sharma A, Angnes L, Sattarahmady N, Negahdary M, Heli H. Electrochemical Immunosensors Developed for Amyloid-Beta and Tau Proteins, Leading Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:742. [PMID: 37504140 PMCID: PMC10377038 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurological disease and a serious cause of dementia, which constitutes a threat to human health. The clinical evidence has found that extracellular amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and intracellular tau proteins, which are derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), are the leading biomarkers for accurate and early diagnosis of AD due to their central role in disease pathology, their correlation with disease progression, their diagnostic value, and their implications for therapeutic interventions. Their detection and monitoring contribute significantly to understanding AD and advancing clinical care. Available diagnostic techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), are mainly used to validate AD diagnosis. However, these methods are expensive, yield results that are difficult to interpret, and have common side effects such as headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Therefore, researchers have focused on developing cost-effective, portable, and point-of-care alternative diagnostic devices to detect specific biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and other biofluids. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in developing electrochemical immunosensors for detecting AD biomarkers (Aβ and p-tau protein) and their subtypes (AβO, Aβ(1-40), Aβ(1-42), t-tau, cleaved-tau (c-tau), p-tau181, p-tau231, p-tau381, and p-tau441). We also evaluated the key characteristics and electrochemical performance of developed immunosensing platforms, including signal interfaces, nanomaterials or other signal amplifiers, biofunctionalization methods, and even primary electrochemical sensing performances (i.e., sensitivity, linear detection range, the limit of detection (LOD), and clinical application).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Sharma
- Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lúcio Angnes
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Naghmeh Sattarahmady
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Negahdary
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Hossein Heli
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Yang X, Ye T, He Y, Wen L, Cheng X. Qi-fu-yin attenuated cognitive disorders in 5xFAD mice of Alzheimer's disease animal model by regulating immunity. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1183764. [PMID: 37441611 PMCID: PMC10333586 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1183764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive impairment is the main symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accumulating evidence implicate that immunity plays an important role in AD. Here, we investigated the effect of Qi-fu-yin (QFY) on cognitive impairment and cytokine secretion of 5xFAD mice. Methods We used 2.5-month-old 5xFAD transgenic mice for behavioral tests to observe the changes in cognitive function after QFY treatment. After the behavioral experiment, the whole brain, cortex and plasma of each mouse were collected for soluble Aβ analysis, immunohistochemical experiment and cytokine analysis. Results Here we found that the treatment of QFY ameliorated the ability of object recognition, passive avoidance responses and the ability of spatial learning and memory in 5xFAD mice. The deposits of β1 - 42 and Aβ1 - 40 were alleviated and the ration of Aβ1 - 42/Aβ1 - 40 was decrease in the plasma and brain of 5xFAD mice administrated with QFY. The administration of QFY promoted the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-5, IL-10 and G-CSF, and reduced the content of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ in plasma of 5xFAD mice. Notably, we found that the treatment of QFY decreased the concentration of CCL11 in the brain and plasma of 5xFAD mice. Conclusion This suggested that QFY improved cognition and reduced Aβ deposits in 5xFAD mice by regulating abnormal immunity in 5xFAD mice. QFY may be as a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhao Yang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tianyuan Ye
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yun He
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology and Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaorui Cheng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Dang C, Wang Y, Li Q, Lu Y. Neuroimaging modalities in the detection of Alzheimer's disease-associated biomarkers. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2023; 3:kkad009. [PMID: 38666112 PMCID: PMC11003434 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Neuropathological changes in AD patients occur up to 10-20 years before the emergence of clinical symptoms. Specific diagnosis and appropriate intervention strategies are crucial during the phase of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. The detection of biomarkers has emerged as a promising tool for tracking the efficacy of potential therapies, making an early disease diagnosis, and prejudging treatment prognosis. Specifically, multiple neuroimaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography, optical imaging, and single photon emission-computed tomography, have provided a few potential biomarkers for clinical application. The MRI modalities described in this review include structural MRI, functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and arterial spin labelling. These techniques allow the detection of presymptomatic diagnostic biomarkers in the brains of cognitively normal elderly people and might also be used to monitor AD disease progression after the onset of clinical symptoms. This review highlights potential biomarkers, merits, and demerits of different neuroimaging modalities and their clinical value in MCI and AD patients. Further studies are necessary to explore more biomarkers and overcome the limitations of multiple neuroimaging modalities for inclusion in diagnostic criteria for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Dang
- Department of Periodical Press, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chifeng University of Affiliated Hospital, Chifeng 024000, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yaoheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China
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