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del Moral M, Loeck M, Muntimadugu E, Vives G, Pham V, Pfeifer P, Battaglia G, Muro S. Role of the Lactide:Glycolide Ratio in PLGA Nanoparticle Stability and Release under Lysosomal Conditions for Enzyme Replacement Therapy of Lysosomal Storage Disorders. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:440. [PMID: 37754854 PMCID: PMC10531859 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior studies demonstrated that encapsulation in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) enhanced the delivery of enzymes used for replacement therapy (ERT) of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). This study examined how the copolymer lactide:glycolide ratio impacts encapsulation, physicochemical characteristics, stability, and release under lysosomal conditions. Hyaluronidase, deficient in mucopolysaccharidosis IX, was encapsulated in NPs synthesized using 50:50, 60:40, or 75:25 lactide:glycolide copolymers. All NPs had diameters compatible with cellular transport (≤168 nm) and polydispersity indexes (≤0.16) and ζ-potentials (≤-35 mV) compatible with colloidal stability. Yet, their encapsulation efficiency varied, with 75:25 NPs and 60:40 NPs having the lowest and highest EE, respectively (15% vs. 28%). Under lysosomal conditions, the 50:50 copolymer degraded fastest (41% in 1 week), as expected, and the presence of a targeting antibody coat did not alter this result. Additionally, 60:40 NPs destabilized fastest (<1 week) because of their smaller diameter, and 75:25 NPs did not destabilize in 4 weeks. All formulations presented burst release under lysosomal conditions (56-78% of the original load within 30 min), with 50:50 and 60:40 NPs releasing an additional small fraction after week 1. This provided 4 weeks of sustained catalytic activity, sufficient to fully degrade a substrate. Altogether, the 60:40 NP formulation is preferred given its higher EE, and 50:50 NPs represent a valid alternative, while the highest stability of 75:25 NPs may impair lysosomes. These results can guide future studies aiming to translate PLGA NP-based ERT for this and other LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Moral
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Applied Materials Chemistry Master Program (M.d.M) and Biomedicine Doctorate Program, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maximilian Loeck
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Applied Materials Chemistry Master Program (M.d.M) and Biomedicine Doctorate Program, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eameema Muntimadugu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Guillem Vives
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Degree Program, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vy Pham
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Peter Pfeifer
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institution of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institution of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Solomon M, Loeck M, Silva-Abreu M, Moscoso R, Bautista R, Vigo M, Muro S. Altered blood-brain barrier transport of nanotherapeutics in lysosomal storage diseases. J Control Release 2022; 349:1031-1044. [PMID: 35901858 PMCID: PMC10550198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of neurological lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are limited because of impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to macromolecules. Nanoformulations targeting BBB transcytosis are being explored, but the status of these routes in LSDs is unknown. We studied nanocarriers (NCs) targeted to the transferrin receptor (TfR), ganglioside GM1 or ICAM1, associated to the clathrin, caveolar or cell adhesion molecule (CAM) routes, respectively. We used brain endothelial cells and mouse models of acid sphingomyelinase-deficient Niemann Pick disease (NPD), and postmortem LSD patients' brains, all compared to respective controls. NC transcytosis across brain endothelial cells and brain distribution in mice were affected, yet through different mechanisms. Reduced TfR and clathrin expression were found, along with decreased transcytosis in cells and mouse brain distribution. Caveolin-1 expression and GM1 transcytosis were also reduced, yet increased GM1 levels seemed to compensate, providing similar NC brain distribution in NPD vs. control mice. A tendency to lower NHE-1 levels was seen, but highly increased ICAM1 expression in cells and human brains correlated with increased transcytosis and brain distribution in mice. Thus, transcytosis-related alterations in NPD and likely other LSDs may impact therapeutic access to the brain, illustrating the need for these mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani Solomon
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Maximilian Loeck
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelle Silva-Abreu
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ronaldo Moscoso
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ronelle Bautista
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Marco Vigo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain.
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Tuning Design Parameters of ICAM-1-Targeted 3DNA Nanocarriers to Optimize Pulmonary Targeting Depending on Drug Type. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071496. [PMID: 35890393 PMCID: PMC9316040 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
3DNA holds promise as a carrier for drugs that can be intercalated into its core or linked to surface arms. Coupling 3DNA to an antibody targeting intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) results in high lung-specific biodistributions in vivo. While the role of individual parameters on ICAM-1 targeting has been studied for other nanocarriers, it has never been examined for 3DNA or in a manner capable of revealing the hierarchic interplay among said parameters. In this study, we used 2-layer vs. 4-layer anti-ICAM 3DNA and radiotracing to examine biodistribution in mice. We found that, below saturating conditions and within the ranges tested, the density of targeting antibodies on 3DNA is the most relevant parameter driving lung targeting over liver clearance, compared to the number of antibodies per carrier, total antibody dose, 3DNA dose, 3DNA size, or the administered concentration, which influenced the dose in organs but not the lung specific-over-liver clearance ratio. Data predicts that lung-specific delivery of intercalating (core loaded) drugs can be tuned using this biodistribution pattern, while that of arm-linked (surface loaded) drugs requires a careful parametric balance because increasing anti-ICAM density reduces the number of 3DNA arms available for drug loading.
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