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Wang Q, Wang Y, Jian X, Wang N, Li C, Liu H. Site-specific crosslinking and assembly of tetrameric β-glucuronidase improve glycyrrhizin hydrolysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3570-3584. [PMID: 37707439 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, eight nonconserved residues with exposed surfaces and flexible conformations of the homotetrameric PGUS (β-glucuronidase from Aspergillus oryzae Li-3) were identified. Single-point mutation into cysteine enabled the thiol-maleimide reaction and site-specific protein assembly using a two-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG)-maleimide crosslinker (Mal2 ). The Mal2 (1k) (with 1 kDa PEG spacer)-crosslinked PGUS assemblies showed low crosslinking efficiency and unimproved thermostability except for G194C-Mal2 (1k). To improve the crosslinking efficiency, a lengthened crosslinker Mal2 (2k) (with 2 kDa PEG spacer) was used to produce PGUS assembly and a highly improved thermostability was achieved with a half-life of 47.2-169.2 min at 70°C, which is 1.04-3.74 times that of wild type PGUS. It is found that the thermostability of PGUS assembly was closely associated with the formation of inter-tetramer assembly and intratetramer crosslinking, rather than the PEGylation of the enzyme. Therefore, the four-arm PEG-maleimide crosslinker Mal4 (2k) (with 2 kDa PEG spacer) was employed to simultaneously increase the inter-tetramer assembly and intratetramer crosslinking, and the resulting PGUS assemblies showed further improved thermostabilities compared with Mal2 (2k)-crosslinked assemblies. Finally, the application of PGUS assemblies with significantly improved thermostability to the bioconversion of GL proved that the PGUS assembly is a strong catalyst for glycyrrhizin (GL) hydrolysis in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xing Jian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
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2
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Sampaio CS, Angelotti JAF, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Hirata DB. Lipase immobilization via cross-linked enzyme aggregates: Problems and prospects - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:434-449. [PMID: 35752332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review we have focused on the preparation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) from lipases, as these are among the most used enzyme in bioprocesses. This immobilization method is considered very attractive due to preparation simplicity, non-use of supports and the possibility of using crude enzyme extracts. CLEAs provide lipase stabilization under extreme temperature or pH conditions or in the presence of organic solvents, in addition to preventing enzyme leaching in aqueous medium. However, it presents some problems in the preparation and limitations in their use. The problems in preparation refer mainly to the crosslinking step, and may be solved using an aminated feeder. The problems in handling have been tackled designing magnetic-CLEAs or trapping the CLEAs in particles with better mechanical properties, the substrate diffusion problems has been reduced by producing more porous-CLEAs, etc. The enzyme co-immobilization using combi-CLEAs is also a new tendency. Therefore, this review explores the CLEAs methodology aimed at lipase immobilization and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Sampaio
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Joelise A F Angelotti
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Department of Biocatalysis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, Member of The External Scientific Advisory Board, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Daniela B Hirata
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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3
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Vetrano A, Gabriele F, Germani R, Spreti N. Characterization of lipase from Candida rugosa entrapped in alginate beads to enhance its thermal stability and recyclability. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01160c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of a simple method to efficiently immobilize lipase ensuring its stability and activity in water even at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Vetrano
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio – Coppito, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Gabriele
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio – Coppito, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Raimondo Germani
- CEMIN, Centre of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Spreti
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio – Coppito, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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4
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Oliart-Ros RM, Badillo-Zeferino GL, Quintana-Castro R, Ruíz-López II, Alexander-Aguilera A, Domínguez-Chávez JG, Khan AA, Nguyen DD, Nadda AK, Sánchez-Otero MG. Production and Characterization of Cross-Linked Aggregates of Geobacillus thermoleovorans CCR11 Thermoalkaliphilic Recombinant Lipase. Molecules 2021; 26:7569. [PMID: 34946651 PMCID: PMC8708040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobilization of enzymes has many advantages for their application in biotechnological processes. In particular, the cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) allow the production of solid biocatalysts with a high enzymatic loading and the advantage of obtaining derivatives with high stability at low cost. The purpose of this study was to produce cross-linked enzymatic aggregates (CLEAs) of LipMatCCR11, a 43 kDa recombinant solvent-tolerant thermoalkaliphilic lipase from Geobacillus thermoleovorans CCR11. LipMatCCR11-CLEAs were prepared using (NH4)2SO4 (40% w/v) as precipitant agent and glutaraldehyde (40 mM) as cross-linker, at pH 9, 20 °C. A U10(56) uniform design was used to optimize CLEA production, varying protein concentration, ammonium sulfate %, pH, glutaraldehyde concentration, temperature, and incubation time. The synthesized CLEAs were also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that showed individual particles of <1 µm grouped to form a superstructure. The cross-linked aggregates showed a maximum mass activity of 7750 U/g at 40 °C and pH 8 and retained more than 20% activity at 100 °C. Greater thermostability, resistance to alkaline conditions and the presence of organic solvents, and better durability during storage were observed for LipMatCCR11-CLEAs in comparison with the soluble enzyme. LipMatCCR11-CLEAs presented good reusability by conserving 40% of their initial activity after 9 cycles of reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa-María Oliart-Ros
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, M.A. De Quevedo 2779, Veracruz C.P. 91897, Ver., Mexico; (R.-M.O.-R.); (G.-L.B.-Z.)
| | - Giselle-Lilian Badillo-Zeferino
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, M.A. De Quevedo 2779, Veracruz C.P. 91897, Ver., Mexico; (R.-M.O.-R.); (G.-L.B.-Z.)
| | - Rodolfo Quintana-Castro
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Carmen Serdán Esq. Iturbide, Veracruz C.P. 91700, Ver., Mexico; (R.Q.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (J.-G.D.-C.)
| | - Irving-Israel Ruíz-López
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla C.P. 72570, Pue., Mexico;
| | - Alfonso Alexander-Aguilera
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Carmen Serdán Esq. Iturbide, Veracruz C.P. 91700, Ver., Mexico; (R.Q.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (J.-G.D.-C.)
| | - Jorge-Guillermo Domínguez-Chávez
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Carmen Serdán Esq. Iturbide, Veracruz C.P. 91700, Ver., Mexico; (R.Q.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (J.-G.D.-C.)
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16227, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 234, India
| | - María-Guadalupe Sánchez-Otero
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Carmen Serdán Esq. Iturbide, Veracruz C.P. 91700, Ver., Mexico; (R.Q.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (J.-G.D.-C.)
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5
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Constitutive Expression in Komagataella phaffii of Mature Rhizopus oryzae Lipase Jointly with Its Truncated Prosequence Improves Production and the Biocatalyst Operational Stability. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) containing 28 C-terminal amino acids of the prosequence fused to the N-terminal mature sequence in ROL (proROL) was successfully expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) under the constitutive glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (PGAP). Although the sequence encoding the mature lipase (rROL) was also transformed, no clones were obtained after three transformation cycles, which highlights the importance of the truncated prosequence to obtain viable transformed clones. Batch cultures of the K. phaffii strain constitutively expressing proROL scarcely influenced growth rate and exhibited a final activity and volumetric productivity more than six times higher than those obtained with proROL from K. phaffii under the methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase 1 promoter (PAOX1). The previous differences were less marked in fed-batch cultures. N-terminal analysis confirmed the presence of the 28 amino acids in proROL. In addition, immobilized proROL exhibited increased tolerance of organic solvents and an operational stability 0.25 and 3 times higher than that of immobilized rROL in biodiesel and ethyl butyrate production, respectively. Therefore, the truncated prosequence enables constitutive proROL production, boosts bioprocess performance and provides a more stable biocatalyst in two reactions in which lipases are mostly used at industrial level, esterification (ethyl butyrate) and transesterification (biodiesel).
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6
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Efficient substrate accessibility of cross-linked levanase aggregates using dialdehyde starch as a macromolecular cross-linker. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118159. [PMID: 34119133 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) are influenced by mass diffusion limitations such as the degree of molecular cross-linking attained, which affects substrate accessibility. Thus, this study seeks to improve substrate accessibility using macromolecular cross-linkers in cross-linked levanase aggregates (CLLAs) formation for levan-type fructooligosaccharides (L-FOS) production. Dialdehyde starch-tapioca (DAST) was successfully developed and used to cross-link levanase to form CLLAs-D and with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form CLLAs-DB which showed activity recoveries of 65.6% and 81.6%, respectively. After cross-linking, the pH (6-10) and thermal stability (30-40 °C) increased, and organic solvent tolerance resulted in the activation of CLLAs. Likewise, CLLAs-DB had higher substrate affinity and accessibility and a higher effectiveness factors than CLLAs-D. The total L-FOS yield of CLLAs-DB (78.9% (w/v)) was higher than that of CLLAs-D (62.4% (w/v)). Therefore, as a cross-linker, DAST may have application prospects as a promising and green biocatalyst for product formation.
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7
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Gao S, Liu Y, Wang L, Wang Z, Liu P, Gao J, Jiang Y. Incorporation of Metals and Enzymes with Porous Imine Molecule Cages for Highly Efficient Semiheterogeneous Chemoenzymatic Catalysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yunting Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Tianjin Modern Vocational Technology College, No. 3 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Pengbo Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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8
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Ashjari M, Garmroodi M, Ahrari F, Yousefi M, Mohammadi M. Soluble enzyme cross-linking via multi-component reactions: a new generation of cross-linked enzymes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9683-9686. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03429k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Production of CLEs using a multi-component reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ashjari
- Bioprocess Engineering Department
- Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB)
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Maryam Garmroodi
- Bioprocess Engineering Department
- Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB)
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Faezeh Ahrari
- Bioprocess Engineering Department
- Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB)
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Maryam Yousefi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center
- Avicenna Research Institute
- ACECR
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Bioprocess Engineering Department
- Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB)
- Tehran
- Iran
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9
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Improving the Yields and Reaction Rate in the Ethanolysis of Soybean Oil by Using Mixtures of Lipase CLEAs. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234392. [PMID: 31805665 PMCID: PMC6930585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the heterogeneity of oils, the use of mixtures of lipases with different activity for a large number of glycerol-linked carboxylic acids that compose the substrate has been proposed as a better alternative than the use of one specific lipase preparation in the enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel. In this work, mixtures of lipases from different sources were evaluated in their soluble form in the ethanolysis of soybean oil. A mixture of lipases (50% of each lipase, in activity basis) from porcine pancreas (PPL) and Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) gave the highest fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) yield (around 20 wt.%), while the individual lipases gave FAEE yields 100 and 5 times lower, respectively. These lipases were immobilized individually by the cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) technique, yielding biocatalysts with 89 and 119% of expressed activity, respectively. A mixture of these CLEAs (also 50% of each lipase, in activity basis) gave 90.4 wt.% FAEE yield, while using separately CLEAs of PPL and TLL, the FAEE yields were 84.7 and 75.6 wt.%, respectively, under the same reaction conditions. The mixture of CLEAs could be reused (five cycles of 6 h) in the ethanolysis of soybean oil in a vortex flow-type reactor yielding an FAEE yield higher than 80% of that of the first batch.
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10
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Embedding inulin fructotransferase from Arthrobacter aurescens into novel curdlan-based mesoporous silica microspheres for efficient production of Difructose Anhydride III. Food Chem 2019; 299:125128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Rathankumar AK, SaiLavanyaa S, Saikia K, Gururajan A, Sivanesan S, Gosselin M, Vaidyanathan VK, Cabana H. Systemic Concocting of Cross‐Linked Enzyme Aggregates of
Candida antarctica
Lipase B (Novozyme 435) for the Biomanufacturing of Rhamnolipids. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abiram Karanam Rathankumar
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of BioengineeringSRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203 India
| | - Sundar SaiLavanyaa
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of BioengineeringSRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203 India
| | - Kongkona Saikia
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of BioengineeringSRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203 India
| | - Anusha Gururajan
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of BioengineeringSRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203 India
| | - Subramanian Sivanesan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Environment Management LaboratoryAC Tech, Anna University Chennai, 600025 India
| | - Mathilde Gosselin
- Materium Innovations INC.Boulevard Industriel 790 J2G 9J5, Granby Canada
| | - Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of BioengineeringSRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203 India
- Laboratoire de génie de l'environnement, Faculté de génieUniversité de Sherbrooke 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Laboratoire de génie de l'environnement, Faculté de génieUniversité de Sherbrooke 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1 Canada
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12
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Bušić A, Kundas S, Morzak G, Belskaya H, Marđetko N, Ivančić Šantek M, Komes D, Novak S, Šantek B. Recent Trends in Biodiesel and Biogas Production. Food Technol Biotechnol 2018; 56:152-173. [PMID: 30228791 PMCID: PMC6117991 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.56.02.18.5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel and biogas are two very important sources of renewable energy worldwide, and particularly in the EU countries. While biodiesel is almost exclusively used as transportation fuel, biogas is mostly used for production of electricity and heat. The application of more sophisticated purification techniques in production of pure biomethane from biogas allows its delivery to natural gas grid and its subsequent use as transportation fuel. While biogas is produced mostly from waste materials (landfills, manure, sludge from wastewater treatment, agricultural waste), biodiesel in the EU is mostly produced from rapeseed or other oil crops that are used as food, which raises the 'food or fuel' concerns. To mitigate this problem, considerable efforts have been made to use non-food feedstock for biodiesel production. These include all kinds of waste oils and fats, but recently more attention has been devoted to production of microbial oils by cultivation of microorganisms that are able to accumulate high amounts of lipids in their biomass. Promising candidates for microbial lipid production can be found among different strains of filamentous fungi, yeast, bacteria and microalgae. Feedstocks of interest are agricultural waste rich in carbohydrates as well as different lignocellulosic raw materials where some technical issues have to be resolved. In this work, recovery and purification of biodiesel and biogas are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijana Bušić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Semjon Kundas
- Belarussian National Technical University, Power Plant Construction and Engineering Services Faculty, Nezavisimosti Ave. 150, BY-220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Galina Morzak
- Belarussian National Technical University, Mining Engineering and Engineering Ecology Faculty, Nezavisimosti Ave. 65, BY-220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Halina Belskaya
- Belarussian National Technical University, Mining Engineering and Engineering Ecology Faculty, Nezavisimosti Ave. 65, BY-220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Nenad Marđetko
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirela Ivančić Šantek
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Draženka Komes
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Srđan Novak
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božidar Šantek
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Preparation of Stable Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) of a Ureibacillus thermosphaericus Esterase for Application in Malathion Removal from Wastewater. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the active and stable cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of the thermostable esterase estUT1 of the bacterium Ureibacillus thermosphaericus were prepared for application in malathion removal from municipal wastewater. Co-expression of esterase with an E. coli chaperone team (KJE, ClpB, and ELS) increased the activity of the soluble enzyme fraction up to 200.7 ± 15.5 U mg−1. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the preparation of the CLEA-estUT1 biocatalyst to maximize its activity and minimize enzyme loss. CLEA-estUT1 with the highest activity of 29.4 ± 0.5 U mg−1 (90.6 ± 2.7% of the recovered activity) was prepared with 65.1% (w/v) ammonium sulfate, 120.6 mM glutaraldehyde, and 0.2 mM bovine serum albumin at 5.1 h of cross-linking. The biocatalyst has maximal activity at 80 °С and pH 8.0. Analysis of the properties of CLEA-estUT1 and free enzyme at 50–80 °C and pH 5.0–10.0 showed higher stability of the biocatalyst. CLEA-estUT1 showed marked tolerance against a number of chemicals and high operational stability and activity in the reaction of malathion hydrolysis in wastewater (up to 99.5 ± 1.4%). After 25 cycles of malathion hydrolysis at 37 °С, it retained 55.2 ± 1.1% of the initial activity. The high stability and reusability of CLEA-estUT1 make it applicable for the degradation of insecticides.
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14
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Xia GH, Cao SL, Xu P, Li XH, Zhou J, Zong MH, Lou WY. Preparation of a Nanobiocatalyst by Efficiently Immobilizing Aspergillus niger
Lipase onto Magnetic Metal-Biomolecule Frameworks (BioMOF). ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Hui Xia
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis; School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Shi-Lin Cao
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis; School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Food Science; Foshan University; Foshan 528000 China
| | - Pei Xu
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis; School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Xue-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Wen-Yong Lou
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis; School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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16
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Hu X, Liu L, Chen D, Wang Y, Zhang J, Shao L. Co-expression of the recombined alcohol dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase and cross-linked enzyme aggregates stabilization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:531-535. [PMID: 27838320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As the key chiral precursor of Crizotinib (S)-1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl) phenethyl alcohol can be prepared from 1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl) acetophenone by the reductive coupling reactions of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and glucose dehydrogenases (GDH). In this work the heterologous expression plasmids harbouring the encoding genes of ADH and GDH were constructed respectively and co-expressed in the same E. coli strain. After optimization, a co-cross-linked enzyme aggregates (co-CLEAs) of both ADH and GDH were prepared from crude enzyme extracts by cross-linking with the mass ratio of Tween 80, glutaraldehyde and total protein (0.6:1:2) which rendered immobilized biocatalysts that retained 81.90% (ADH) and 40.29% (GDH) activity retention. The ADH/GDH co-CLEAs show increased thermal stability and pH stability compared to both enzymes. The ADH/GDH co-CLEAs also show 80% (ADH) and 87% (GDH) residual activity after seven cycles of repeated use. These results make the ADH/GDH co-CLEAs a potential biocatalyst for the industrial preparation of (S)-1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl) phenethyl alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Rd., Shanghai 200040, China; School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Rd., Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Daijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Rd., Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Bio-manufacture, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Rd., Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Rd., Shanghai 200040, China.
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Rehman S, Bhatti HN, Bilal M, Asgher M. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of Pencilluim notatum lipase enzyme with improved activity, stability and reusability characteristics. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:1161-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Kartal F. Enhanced esterification activity through interfacial activation and cross-linked immobilization mechanism ofRhizopus oryzaelipase in a nonaqueous medium. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:899-904. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Funda Kartal
- Biochemistry Dept., Science of Faculty; Ege University; Bornova/Izmir 35100 Turkey
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19
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Cao SL, Huang YM, Li XH, Xu P, Wu H, Li N, Lou WY, Zong MH. Preparation and Characterization of Immobilized Lipase from Pseudomonas Cepacia onto Magnetic Cellulose Nanocrystals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20420. [PMID: 26843037 PMCID: PMC4740797 DOI: 10.1038/srep20420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic cellulose nanocrystals (MCNCs) were prepared and used as an enzyme support for immobilization of Pseudomonas cepacialipase (PCL). PCL was successfully immobilized onto MCNCs (PCL@MCNC) by a precipitation-cross-linking method. The resulting PCL@MCNC with a nanoscale size had high enzyme loading (82.2 mg enzyme/g) and activity recovery (95.9%). Compared with free PCL, PCL@MCNC exhibited significantly enhanced stability and solvent tolerance, due to the increase of enzyme structure rigidity. The observable optimum pH and temperature for PCL@MCNC were higher than those of free PCL. PCL@MCNC manifested relatively higher enzyme-substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency. Moreover, PCL@MCNC was capable of effectively catalyzing asymmetric hydrolysis of ketoprofenethyl ester with high yield of 43.4% and product e.e. of 83.5%. Besides, immobilization allowed PCL@MCNC reuse for at least 6 consecutive cycles retaining over 66% of its initial activity. PCL@MCNC was readily recycled by magnetic forces. Remarkably, the as-prepared nanobiocatalyst PCL@MCNC is promising for biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu-Mei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xue-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Pei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wen-Yong Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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20
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A facile technique to prepare cross-linked enzyme aggregates of bovine pancreatic lipase using bovine serum albumin as an additive. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-015-0190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Jamwal S, Chauhan GS, Ahn JH, Reddy NS. Cellulase stabilization by crosslinking with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and evaluation of its activity including in a water–ionic liquid mixture. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19571c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of immobilized enzymes via crosslinking is an easy route to develop a biocatalyst with enhanced activity and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Jamwal
- Himachal Pradesh University
- Department of Chemistry
- Shimla–171005
- India
| | | | - Jou-Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 52828
- Republic of Korea
| | - N. S. Reddy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Institute
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 52828
- Republic of Korea
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22
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Ghattas N, Filice M, Abidi F, Guisan J, Ben Salah A. Purification and improvement of the functional properties of Rhizopus oryzae lipase using immobilization techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yildirim D, Tükel SS, Alagöz D. Crosslinked enzyme aggregates of hydroxynitrile lyase partially purified from Prunus dulcis seeds and its application for the synthesis of enantiopure cyanohydrins. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:818-27. [PMID: 24799464 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxynitrile lyases are powerful catalysts in the synthesis of enantiopure cyanohydrins which are key synthons in the preparations of a variety of important chemicals. The response surface methodology including three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken design was applied to optimize immobilization of hydroxynitrile lyase purified partially from Prunus dulcis seeds as crosslinked enzyme aggregates (PdHNL-CLEAs). The quadratic model was developed for predicting the response and its adequacy was validated with the analysis of variance test. The optimized immobilization parameters were initial glutaraldehyde concentration, ammonium sulfate saturation concentration, and crosslinking time, and the response was relative activity of PdHNL-CLEA. The optimal conditions were determined as initial glutaraldehyde concentration of 25% w/v, ammonium sulfate saturation concentration of 43% w/v, and crosslinking time of 18 h. The preparations of PdHNL-CLEA were examined for the synthesis of (R)-mandelonitrile, (R)-2-chloromandelonitrile, (R)-3,4-dihydroxymandelonitrile, (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl butyronitrile, (R)-4-bromomandelonitrile, (R)-4-fluoromandelonitrile, and (R)-4-nitromandelonitrile from their corresponding aldehydes and hydrocyanic acid. After 96-h reaction time, the yield-enantiomeric excess values (%) were 100-99, 100-21, 100-99, 83-91, 100-99, 100-72, and 100-14%, respectively, for (R)-mandelonitrile, (R)-2-chloromandelonitrile, (R)-3,4-dihydroxymandelonitrile, (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl butyronitrile, (R)-4-bromomandelonitrile, (R)-4-fluoromandelonitrile, and (R)-4-nitromandelonitrile. The results show that PdHNL-CLEA offers a promising potential for the preparation of enantiopure (R)-mandelonitrile, (R)-3,4-dihydroxymandelonitrile, (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl butyronitrile, and (R)-4-bromomandelonitrile with a high yield and enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Yildirim
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences & Letters, University of Cukurova, Adana, 01330, Turkey
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Ngo TD, Ryu BH, Ju H, Jang E, Park K, Kim KK, Kim TD. Structural and functional analyses of a bacterial homologue of hormone-sensitive lipase from a metagenomic library. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2013; 69:1726-37. [PMID: 23999296 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444913013425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular mobilization of fatty acids from triacylglycerols in mammalian adipose tissues proceeds through a series of lipolytic reactions. Among the enzymes involved, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is noteworthy for its central role in energy homeostasis and the pathogenic role played by its dysregulation. By virtue of its broad substrate specificity, HSL may also serve as an industrial biocatalyst. In a previous report, Est25, a bacterial homologue of HSL, was identified from a metagenomic library by functional screening. Here, the crystal structure of Est25 is reported at 1.49 Å resolution; it exhibits an α/β-hydrolase fold consisting of a central β-sheet enclosed by α-helices on both sides. The structural features of the cap domain, the substrate-binding pocket and the dimeric interface of Est25, together with biochemical and biophysical studies including native PAGE, mass spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, gel filtration and enzyme assays, could provide a basis for understanding the properties and regulation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). The increased stability of cross-linked Est25 aggregates (CLEA-Est25) and their potential for extensive reuse support the application of this preparation as a biocatalyst in biotransformation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Duc Ngo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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