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Novak M, Marđetko N, Trontel A, Pavlečić M, Kelemen Z, Perković L, Petravić Tominac V, Šantek B. Development of an Integrated Bioprocess System for Bioethanol and Arabitol Production from Sugar Beet Cossettes. Food Technol Biotechnol 2024; 62:89-101. [PMID: 38601968 PMCID: PMC11002444 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.62.01.24.8230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Research background An innovative integrated bioprocess system for bioethanol production from raw sugar beet cossettes (SBC) and arabitol from remaining exhausted sugar beet cossettes (ESBC) was studied. This integrated three-stage bioprocess system is an example of the biorefinery concept to maximise the use of raw SBC for the production of high value-added products such as sugar alcohols and bioethanol. Experimental approach The first stage of the integrated bioprocess system was simultaneous sugar extraction from SBC and its alcoholic fermentation to produce bioethanol in an integrated bioreactor system (vertical column bioreactor and stirred tank bioreactor) containing a high-density suspension of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (30 g/L). The second stage was the pretreatment of ESBC with dilute sulfuric acid to release fermentable sugars. The resulting liquid hydrolysate of ESBC was used in the third stage as a nutrient medium for arabitol production by non-Saccharomyces yeasts (Spathaspora passalidarum CBS 10155 and Spathaspora arborariae CBS 11463). Results and conclusions The obtained results show that the efficiency of bioethanol production increased with increasing temperature and prolonged residence time in the integrated bioreactor system. The maximum bioethanol production efficiency (87.22 %) was observed at a time of 60 min and a temperature of 36 °C. Further increase in residence time (above 60 min) did not result in the significant increase of bioethanol production efficiency. Weak acid hydrolysis was used for ESBC pretreatment and the highest sugar yield was reached at 200 °C and residence time of 1 min. The inhibitors of the weak acid pretreatment were produced below bioprocess inhibition threshold. The use of the obtained liqiud phase of ESBC hydrolysate for the production of arabitol in the stirred tank bioreactor under constant aeration clearly showed that S. passalidarum CBS 10155 with 8.48 g/L of arabitol (YP/S=0.603 g/g and bioprocess productivity of 0.176 g/(L.h)) is a better arabitol producer than Spathaspora arborariae CBS 10155. Novelty and scientific contribution An innovative integrated bioprocess system for the production of bioethanol and arabitol was developed based on the biorefinery concept. This three-stage bioprocess system shows great potential for maximum use of SBC as a feedstock for bioethanol and arabitol production and it could be an example of a sustainable 'zero waste' production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Novak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology, Malting and Brewing Technology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb
| | - Nenad Marđetko
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology, Malting and Brewing Technology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb
| | - Antonija Trontel
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology, Malting and Brewing Technology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb
| | - Mladen Pavlečić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology, Malting and Brewing Technology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb
| | - Zora Kelemen
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology, Malting and Brewing Technology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb
| | - Lucija Perković
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology, Malting and Brewing Technology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb
| | - Vlatka Petravić Tominac
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology, Malting and Brewing Technology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb
| | - Božidar Šantek
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology, Malting and Brewing Technology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb
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Grubišić M, Šantek B, Kuzmić M, Čož-Rakovac R, Ivančić Šantek M. Enhancement of Biomass Production of Diatom Nitzschia sp. S5 through Optimisation of Growth Medium Composition and Fed-Batch Cultivation. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:46. [PMID: 38248671 DOI: 10.3390/md22010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing commercial application of microalgae in different industry sectors, including the production of bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, chemicals, feed, and food, demands large quantities of microalgal biomass with specific compositions produced at reasonable prices. Extensive studies have been carried out on the design of new and improvement of current cultivation systems and the optimisation of growth medium composition for high productivity of microalgal biomass. In this study, the concentrations of the main macronutrients, silicon, nitrogen and phosphorus, essential for the growth of diatom Nitzschia sp. S5 were optimised to obtain a high biomass concentration. The effect of main macronutrients on growth kinetics and cell composition was also studied. Silicon had the most significant effect on diatom growth during batch cultivation. The concentration of biomass increased 5.45-fold (0.49 g L-1) at 1 mM silicon concentration in modified growth medium compared to the original Guillard f/2 medium. Optimisation of silicon, nitrogen, and phosphorus quantities and ratios further increased biomass concentration. The molar ratio of Si:N:P = 7:23:1 mol:mol:mol yielded the highest biomass concentration of 0.73 g L-1. Finally, the fed-batch diatom cultivation of diatom using an optimised Guillard f/2 growth medium with four additions of concentrated macronutrient solution resulted in 1.63 g L-1 of microalgal biomass. The proteins were the most abundant macromolecules in microalgal biomass, with a lower content of carbohydrates and lipids under all studied conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Grubišić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božidar Šantek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Kuzmić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirela Ivančić Šantek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Ivušić F, Rezić T, Šantek B. Heterotrophic Cultivation of Euglena gracilis in Stirred Tank Bioreactor: A Promising Bioprocess for Sustainable Paramylon Production. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185866. [PMID: 36144601 PMCID: PMC9502384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paramylon is a valuable intracellular product of the microalgae Euglena gracilis, and it can accumulate in Euglena cells according to the cultivation conditions. For the sustainable production of paramylon and appropriate cell growth, different bioreactor processes and industrial byproducts can be considered as substrates. In this study, a complex medium with corn steep solid (CSS) was used, and various bioreactor processes (batch, fed batch, semicontinuous and continuous) were performed in order to maximize paramylon production in the microalgae Euglena gracilis. Compared to the batch, fed batch and repeated batch bioprocesses, during the continuous bioprocess in a stirred tank bioreactor (STR) with a complex medium containing 20 g/L of glucose and 25 g/L of CSS, E. gracilis accumulated a competitive paramylon content (67.0%), and the highest paramylon productivity of 0.189 g/Lh was observed. This demonstrated that the application of a continuous bioprocess, with corn steep solid as an industrial byproduct, can be a successful strategy for efficient and economical paramylon production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franjo Ivušić
- Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Vlaha Bukovca 14, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Tonči Rezić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Božidar Šantek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Didak Ljubas B, Novak M, Trontel A, Rajković A, Kelemen Z, Marđetko N, Grubišić M, Pavlečić M, Tominac VP, Šantek B. Production of Different Biochemicals by Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 742 From Pretreated Brewers' Spent Grains. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:812457. [PMID: 35308344 PMCID: PMC8931609 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.812457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brewers' spent grains (BSG) are a by-product of the brewing industry that is mainly used as feedstock; otherwise, it has to be disposed according to regulations. Due to the high content of glucose and xylose, after pretreatment and hydrolysis, it can be used as a main carbohydrate source for cultivation of microorganisms for production of biofuels or biochemicals like 2,3-butanediol or lactate. 2,3-Butanediol has applications in the pharmaceutical or chemical industry as a precursor for varnishes and paints or in the food industry as an aroma compound. So far, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Clostridium sp., and Enterobacter aerogenes are being used and investigated in different bioprocesses aimed at the production of 2,3-butanediol. The main drawback is bacterial pathogenicity which complicates all production steps in laboratory, pilot, and industrial scales. In our study, a gram-positive GRAS bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 742 was used for the production of 2,3-butanediol. Since this strain is very poorly described in literature, bacterium cultivation was performed in media with different glucose and/or xylose concentration ranges. The highest 2,3-butanediol concentration of 18.61 g l-1 was achieved in medium with 70 g l-1 of glucose during 40 h of fermentation. In contrast, during bacterium cultivation in xylose containing medium there was no significant 2,3-butanediol production. In the next stage, BSG hydrolysates were used for bacterial cultivation. P. polymyxa DSM 742 cultivated in the liquid phase of pretreated BSG produced very low 2,3-butanediol and ethanol concentrations. Therefore, this BSG hydrolysate has to be detoxified in order to remove bacterial growth inhibitors. After detoxification, bacterium cultivation resulted in 30 g l-1 of lactate, while production of 2,3-butanediol was negligible. The solid phase of pretreated BSG was also used for bacterium cultivation after its hydrolysis by commercial enzymes. In these cultivations, P. polymyxa DSM 742 produced 9.8 g l-1 of 2,3-butanediol and 3.93 g l-1 of ethanol. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that different experimental setups give the possibility of directing the metabolism of P. polymyxa DSM 742 toward the production of either 2,3-butanediol and ethanol or lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Božidar Šantek
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Grubišić M, Šantek B, Zorić Z, Čošić Z, Vrana I, Gašparović B, Čož-Rakovac R, Ivančić Šantek M. Bioprospecting of Microalgae Isolated from the Adriatic Sea: Characterization of Biomass, Pigment, Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041248. [PMID: 35209036 PMCID: PMC8875609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae and cyanobacteria are sources of diverse bioactive compounds with potential biotechnological applications in food, feed, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and biofuel industries. In this study, five microalgae, Nitzschia sp. S5, Nanofrustulum shiloi D1, Picochlorum sp. D3, Tetraselmis sp. Z3 and Tetraselmis sp. C6, and the cyanobacterium Euhalothece sp. C1 were isolated from the Adriatic Sea and characterized regarding their growth kinetics, biomass composition and specific products content (fatty acids, pigments, antioxidants, neutral and polar lipids). The strain Picochlorum sp. D3, showing the highest specific growth rate (0.009 h−1), had biomass productivity of 33.98 ± 0.02 mg L−1 day−1. Proteins were the most abundant macromolecule in the biomass (32.83–57.94%, g g−1). Nanofrustulum shiloi D1 contained significant amounts of neutral lipids (68.36%), while the biomass of Picochlorum sp. D3, Tetraselmis sp. Z3, Tetraselmis sp. C6 and Euhalothece sp. C1 was rich in glycolipids and phospholipids (75%). The lipids of all studied microalgae predominantly contained unsaturated fatty acids. Carotenoids were the most abundant pigments with the highest content of lutein and neoxanthin in representatives of Chlorophyta and fucoxanthin in strains belonging to the Bacillariophyta. All microalgal extracts showed antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative E. coli and S. typhimurium and Gram-positive S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Grubišić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Božidar Šantek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Zoran Zorić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Zrinka Čošić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Ivna Vrana
- Laboratory for Marine and Atmospheric Biogeochemistry, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.V.); (B.G.)
| | - Blaženka Gašparović
- Laboratory for Marine and Atmospheric Biogeochemistry, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.V.); (B.G.)
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirela Ivančić Šantek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Č.)
- Correspondence:
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Marđetko N, Trontel A, Novak M, Pavlečić M, Ljubas BD, Grubišić M, Tominac VP, Ludwig R, Šantek B. Screening of Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Activities in Fungal Species and Sequential Solid-State and Submerged Cultivation for the Production of Enzyme Cocktails. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3736. [PMID: 34771293 PMCID: PMC8588072 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various fungal species can degrade lignocellulolytic materials with their enzyme cocktails composed of cellulolytic and lignolytic enzymes. In this work, seven fungal species (Mucor indicus DSM 2185, Paecilomyces variotii CBS 372.70, Myceliophthora thermophila CBS 663.74, Thielavia terrestris CBS 456.75, Botryosphaeria dothidea JCM 2738, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. langenariae JCM 9293, and Fusarium verticillioides JCM 23107) and four nutrient media were used in the screening for effective lignocellulose degrading enzymes. From the seven tested fungi, F. oxysporum and F. verticilliodes, along with nutrient medium 4, were selected as the best medium and producers of lignocellulolytic enzymes based on the determined xylanase (>4 U mg-1) and glucanase activity (≈2 U mg-1). Nutrient medium 4 supplemented with pretreated corn cobs was used in the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by sequential solid-state and submerged cultivation of F. oxysporum, F. verticilliodes, and a mixed culture of both strains. F. oxysporum showed 6 times higher exoglucanase activity (3.33 U mg-1) after 5 days of cultivation in comparison with F. verticillioides (0.55 U mg-1). F. oxysporum also showed 2 times more endoglucanase activity (0.33 U mg-1). The mixed culture cultivation showed similar endo- and exoglucanase activities compared to F. oxysporum (0.35 U mg-1; 7.84 U mg-1). Maximum xylanase activity was achieved after 7 days of cultivation of F. verticilliodes (≈16 U mg-1), while F. oxysporum showed maximum activity after 9 days that was around 2 times lower compared to that of F. verticilliodes. The mixed culture achieved maximum xylanase activity after only 4 days, but the specific activity was similar to activities observed for F. oxysporum. It can be concluded that both fungal strains can be used as producers of enzyme cocktails for the degradation of lignocellulose containing raw materials, and that corn cobs can be used as an inducer for enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Marđetko
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.M.); (A.T.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (B.D.L.); (M.G.); (V.P.T.)
| | - Antonija Trontel
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.M.); (A.T.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (B.D.L.); (M.G.); (V.P.T.)
| | - Mario Novak
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.M.); (A.T.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (B.D.L.); (M.G.); (V.P.T.)
| | - Mladen Pavlečić
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.M.); (A.T.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (B.D.L.); (M.G.); (V.P.T.)
| | - Blanka Didak Ljubas
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.M.); (A.T.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (B.D.L.); (M.G.); (V.P.T.)
| | - Marina Grubišić
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.M.); (A.T.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (B.D.L.); (M.G.); (V.P.T.)
| | - Vlatka Petravić Tominac
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.M.); (A.T.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (B.D.L.); (M.G.); (V.P.T.)
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Božidar Šantek
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.M.); (A.T.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (B.D.L.); (M.G.); (V.P.T.)
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Andlar M, Belskaya H, Morzak G, Ivančić Šantek M, Rezić T, Petravić Tominac V, Šantek B. Biogas Production Systems and Upgrading Technologies: A Review. Food Technol Biotechnol 2021; 59:387-412. [PMID: 35136365 PMCID: PMC8753803 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.59.04.21.7300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The underutilized biomass and different organic waste streams are nowadays in the
focus of research for renewable energy production due to the effusive use of fossil fuels
and greenhouse gas emission. In addition, one of the major environmental problems is
also a constant increase of the number of organic waste streams. In a lot of countries, sustainable waste management, including waste prevention and reduction, has become a
priority as a means to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emission. Application of biogas technology is one of the promising methods to provide solutions for both actual energy-related and environmental problems. This review aims to present conventional and
novel biogas production systems, as well as purification and upgrading technologies,
nowadays applicable on a large scale, with a special focus on the CO2 and H2S removal. It
also gives an overview of feedstock and the parameters important for biogas production,
together with digestate utilization and application of molecular biology in order to improve the biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Andlar
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Halina Belskaya
- Belarussian National Technical University, Mining Engineering and Engineering Ecology Faculty, Nezavisimosti Ave. 65, BY-220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Galina Morzak
- Belarussian National Technical University, Mining Engineering and Engineering Ecology Faculty, Nezavisimosti Ave. 65, BY-220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Mirela Ivančić Šantek
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tonči Rezić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Petravić Tominac
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božidar Šantek
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Ivančić Šantek M, Grubišić M, Galić Perečinec M, Beluhan S, Šantek B. Lipid production by Mortierella isabellina from pretreated corn cobs and effect of lignocellulose derived inhibitors on growth and lipid synthesis. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Žunar B, Trontel A, Svetec Miklenić M, Prah JL, Štafa A, Marđetko N, Novak M, Šantek B, Svetec IK. Metabolically engineered Lactobacillus gasseri JCM 1131 as a novel producer of optically pure L- and D-lactate. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:111. [PMID: 32656603 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High-quality environmentally-friendly bioplastics can be produced by mixing poly-L-lactate with poly-D-lactate. On an industrial scale, this process simultaneously consumes large amounts of both optically pure lactate stereoisomers. However, because optimal growth conditions of L-lactate producers often differ from those of D-lactate producers, each stereoisomer is produced in a specialised facility, which raises cost and lowers sustainability. To address this challenge, we metabolically engineered Lactobacillus gasseri JCM 1131T, a bioprocess-friendly and genetically malleable strain of homofermentative lactic acid bacterium, to efficiently produce either pure L- or pure D-lactate under the same bioprocess conditions. Transformation of L. gasseri with plasmids carrying additional genes for L- or D-lactate dehydrogenases failed to affect the ratio of produced stereoisomers, but inactivation of the endogenous genes created strains which yielded 0.96 g of either L- or D-lactate per gram of glucose. In this study, the plasmid pHBintE, routinely used for gene disruption in Bacillus megaterium, was used for the first time to inactivate genes in lactobacilli. Strains with inactivated genes for endogenous lactate dehydrogenases efficiently fermented sugars released by enzymatic hydrolysis of alkali pre-treated wheat straw, an abundant lignocellulose-containing raw material, producing 0.37-0.42 g of lactate per gram of solid part of alkali-treated wheat straw. Thus, the constructed strains are primed to serve as producers of both optically pure L-lactate and D-lactate in the next-generation biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Žunar
- Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonija Trontel
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Svetec Miklenić
- Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Juliana Lana Prah
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Štafa
- Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Marđetko
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Novak
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božidar Šantek
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krešimir Svetec
- Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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10
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Mastanjević K, Šarkanj B, Mastanjević K, Šantek B, Krstanović V. Fusarium culmorum mycotoxin transfer from wheat to malting and brewing products and by-products. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2018.2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to establish the impact of Fusarium culmorum infection and fungicide treatment on the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, nivalenol, fusarenon-X, diacetoxyscirpenol and zearalenone in wheat, wheat malt and wort (beer). The concentrations of these compounds were also measured in the germ/rootlets, spent grains and spent yeast because these are the most important by-products and are further used as food or feed additives. Two wheat genotypes were obtained from the Agricultural Institute in Osijek, Croatia. The Osk.110/09 genotype, the genotype more susceptible to Fusarium infections, and Lucija, the genotype less susceptible to Fusarium, were analysed in this research. Each genotype was treated in four different ways at the field: (A) control, (B) treated with fungicide Prosaro® 250, (C) inoculated with F. culmorum spores and treated with fungicide Prosaro® 250, and (D) inoculated with F. culmorum spores. All samples were malted and brewed according to standard procedures, products and by-products were analysed for the mycotoxins by using LC-MS/MS. Since the majority of trichothecenes are polar molecules, the water after steeping was also analysed with LC-MS/MS. Mycotoxin concentrations were lower in malt samples treated with the fungicide. Elevated mycotoxin concentrations were observed in samples of both genotypes exposed to F. culmorum. Fungicide treatment was observed to suppress mycotoxin production and accumulation. However, samples with notably high mycotoxin concentrations, especially DON, retained elevated mycotoxin concentrations throughout the entire beer production process, even after a six-month storage period. DON proved to be the most frequently occurring mycotoxin in all of the by-products. The highest concentration of this compound was found in the steeping water from sample D (Osk.110/09), at 20,326 μg/l, leaving the spent grains of this sample with no detectable levels of DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Mastanjević
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - B. Šarkanj
- Department of Food Technology, University Center Koprivnica, University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - K. Mastanjević
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - B. Šantek
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V. Krstanović
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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11
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Šercer M, Rezić T, Godec D, Oros D, Pilipović A, Ivušić F, Rezić I, Andlar M, Ludwig R, Šantek B. Microreactor Production by PolyJet Matrix 3D-Printing Technology: Hydrodynamic Characterization §. Food Technol Biotechnol 2019; 57:272-281. [PMID: 31537976 PMCID: PMC6718958 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.57.02.19.5725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigates the methodology of producing a 3D-printed microreactor from the acrylic resin by PolyJet Matrix process. The PolyJet Matrix technology employs different materials or their combinations to generate 3D-printed structures, from small ones to complex geometries, with different material properties. Experimental and numerical methods served for the evaluation of the geometry and production of the microreactor and its hydrodynamic characterization. The operational limits of the single-phase flow in the microchannels, further improvements and possible applications of the microreactor were assessed based on the hydrodynamic characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Šercer
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tonči Rezić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Godec
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Oros
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Pilipović
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Franjo Ivušić
- Croatian Academy of Science and Arts, Vlaha Bukovca 14, 20000 Dubrovnik
| | - Iva Rezić
- Faculty of Textile Technology, Prilaz b. Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Andlar
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Božidar Šantek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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12
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Štafa A, Žunar B, Pranklin A, Zandona A, Svetec-Miklenić M, Šantek B, Svetec IK. Novel Approach in the Construction of
Bioethanol-Producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hybrids §. Food Technol Biotechnol 2019; 57:5-16. [PMID: 31316272 PMCID: PMC6600304 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.57.01.19.5685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates requires a producer strain that tolerates both the presence of growth and fermentation inhibitors and high ethanol concentrations. Therefore, we constructed heterozygous intraspecies hybrid diploids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by crossing two natural S. cerevisiae isolates, YIIc17_E5 and UWOPS87-2421, a good ethanol producer found in wine and a strain from the flower of the cactus Opuntia megacantha resistant to inhibitors found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, respectively. Hybrids grew faster than parental strains in the absence and in the presence of acetic and levulinic acids and 2-furaldehyde, inhibitors frequently found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, and the overexpression of YAP1 gene increased their survival. Furthermore, although originating from the same parental strains, hybrids displayed different fermentative potential in a CO2 production test, suggesting genetic variability that could be used for further selection of desirable traits. Therefore, our results suggest that the construction of intraspecies hybrids coupled with the use of genetic engineering techniques is a promising approach for improvement or development of new biotechnologically relevant strains of S. cerevisiae. Moreover, it was found that the success of gene targeting (gene targeting fidelity) in natural S. cerevisiae isolates (YIIc17_E5α and UWOPS87-2421α) was strikingly lower than in laboratory strains and the most frequent off-targeting event was targeted chromosome duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Štafa
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Kršnjavoga 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bojan Žunar
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Kršnjavoga 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Pranklin
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Kršnjavoga 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Zandona
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Kršnjavoga 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Svetec-Miklenić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Kršnjavoga 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božidar Šantek
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Kačićeva 28, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krešimir Svetec
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Kršnjavoga 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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13
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Abstract
Microalgae have been recognized as powerful phototrophic cell-factories whose applications range from biomass production for food and feed purposes to the production of high-value products and biofuels. Microalgae have been considered a source of functional ingredients, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, essential minerals, vitamins and bioactive peptides that can have positive effects on human and animal health. Besides having high nutritional value due to the high percentage of proteins in their composition, microalgae generate high-value products, such as pigments, polysaccharides, bio-hydrogen, and even bio-polyesters with plastic-like properties. Algal biomass that remains after product recovery can be used as forage, biofertilizer or feedstock for biogas production. This step in overall algal production is important from an economic point of view due to the reduction in production costs. This paper presents the detailed study of the biotechnologically most important microalgae strains, and the design principles of photobioreactors for their cultivation. In addition, the main existing and potential high-value products derivable from microalgae, as well as utilization of microalgae for phytoremediation and biogas production, were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Grubišić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology, Malting and Brewing Technology
| | - Mirela Ivančić Šantek
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of zagreb
| | - Božidar Šantek
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb
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14
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Mastanjević K, Šarkanj B, Warth B, Krska R, Sulyok M, Mastanjević K, Šantek B, Krstanović V. Fusarium culmorum multi-toxin screening in malting and brewing by-products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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15
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Andlar M, Rezić T, Marđetko N, Kracher D, Ludwig R, Šantek B. Lignocellulose degradation: An overview of fungi and fungal enzymes involved in lignocellulose degradation. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:768-778. [PMID: 32624871 PMCID: PMC6999254 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to present current knowledge of the fungi involved in lignocellulose degradation with an overview of the various classes of lignocellulose-acting enzymes engaged in the pretreatment and saccharification step. Fungi have numerous applications and biotechnological potential for various industries including chemicals, fuel, pulp, and paper. The capability of fungi to degrade lignocellulose containing raw materials is due to their highly effective enzymatic system. Along with the hydrolytic enzymes consisting of cellulases and hemicellulases, responsible for polysaccharide degradation, they have a unique nonenzymatic oxidative system which together with ligninolytic enzymes is responsible for lignin modification and degradation. An overview of the enzymes classification is given by the Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZy) database as the major database for the identification of the lignocellulolytic enzymes by their amino acid sequence similarity. Finally, the recently discovered novel class of recalcitrant polysaccharide degraders-lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are presented, because of these enzymes importance in the cellulose degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Andlar
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringFaculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Tonči Rezić
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringFaculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Nenad Marđetko
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringFaculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Daniel Kracher
- Department of Food Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Department of Food Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Božidar Šantek
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringFaculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
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16
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Mastanjević K, Španić V, Horvat D, Mastanjević K, Šarkanj B, Krstanović V, Šantek B. Establishing the impact of
Fusarium culmorum
infection and fungicide treatment on wheat malt quality. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Mastanjević
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | | | | | - Krešimir Mastanjević
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | - Vinko Krstanović
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | - Božidar Šantek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
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17
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Bušić A, Marđetko N, Kundas S, Morzak G, Belskaya H, Ivančić Šantek M, Komes D, Novak S, Šantek B. Bioethanol Production from Renewable Raw Materials and Its Separation and Purification: A Review. Food Technol Biotechnol 2018; 56:289-311. [PMID: 30510474 PMCID: PMC6233010 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.56.03.18.5546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of biofuels from renewable feedstocks has captured considerable scientific attention since they could be used to supply energy and alternative fuels. Bioethanol is one of the most interesting biofuels due to its positive impact on the environment. Currently, it is mostly produced from sugar- and starch-containing raw materials. However, various available types of lignocellulosic biomass such as agricultural and forestry residues, and herbaceous energy crops could serve as feedstocks for the production of bioethanol, energy, heat and value-added chemicals. Lignocellulose is a complex mixture of carbohydrates that needs an efficient pretreatment to make accessible pathways to enzymes for the production of fermentable sugars, which after hydrolysis are fermented into ethanol. Despite technical and economic difficulties, renewable lignocellulosic raw materials represent low-cost feedstocks that do not compete with the food and feed chain, thereby stimulating the sustainability. Different bioprocess operational modes were developed for bioethanol production from renewable raw materials. Furthermore, alternative bioethanol separation and purification processes have also been intensively developed. This paper deals with recent trends in the bioethanol production as a fuel from different renewable raw materials as well as with its separation and purification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijana Bušić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Marđetko
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Semjon Kundas
- Belarussian National Technical University, Power Plant Construction and Engineering Services Faculty, Nezavisimosti Ave. 150, BY-220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Galina Morzak
- Belarussian National Technical University, Mining Engineering and Engineering Ecology Faculty, Nezavisimosti Ave. 65, BY-220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Halina Belskaya
- Belarussian National Technical University, Mining Engineering and Engineering Ecology Faculty, Nezavisimosti Ave. 65, BY-220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Mirela Ivančić Šantek
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Draženka Komes
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Srđan Novak
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božidar Šantek
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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18
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Bušić A, Kundas S, Morzak G, Belskaya H, Marđetko N, Ivančić Šantek M, Komes D, Novak S, Šantek B. Recent Trends in Biodiesel and Biogas Production. Food Technol Biotechnol 2018; 56:152-173. [PMID: 30228791 PMCID: PMC6117991 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.56.02.18.5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel and biogas are two very important sources of renewable energy worldwide, and particularly in the EU countries. While biodiesel is almost exclusively used as transportation fuel, biogas is mostly used for production of electricity and heat. The application of more sophisticated purification techniques in production of pure biomethane from biogas allows its delivery to natural gas grid and its subsequent use as transportation fuel. While biogas is produced mostly from waste materials (landfills, manure, sludge from wastewater treatment, agricultural waste), biodiesel in the EU is mostly produced from rapeseed or other oil crops that are used as food, which raises the 'food or fuel' concerns. To mitigate this problem, considerable efforts have been made to use non-food feedstock for biodiesel production. These include all kinds of waste oils and fats, but recently more attention has been devoted to production of microbial oils by cultivation of microorganisms that are able to accumulate high amounts of lipids in their biomass. Promising candidates for microbial lipid production can be found among different strains of filamentous fungi, yeast, bacteria and microalgae. Feedstocks of interest are agricultural waste rich in carbohydrates as well as different lignocellulosic raw materials where some technical issues have to be resolved. In this work, recovery and purification of biodiesel and biogas are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijana Bušić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Semjon Kundas
- Belarussian National Technical University, Power Plant Construction and Engineering Services Faculty, Nezavisimosti Ave. 150, BY-220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Galina Morzak
- Belarussian National Technical University, Mining Engineering and Engineering Ecology Faculty, Nezavisimosti Ave. 65, BY-220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Halina Belskaya
- Belarussian National Technical University, Mining Engineering and Engineering Ecology Faculty, Nezavisimosti Ave. 65, BY-220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Nenad Marđetko
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirela Ivančić Šantek
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Draženka Komes
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Srđan Novak
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božidar Šantek
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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19
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Breslmayr E, Hanžek M, Hanrahan A, Leitner C, Kittl R, Šantek B, Oostenbrink C, Ludwig R. A fast and sensitive activity assay for lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase. Biotechnol Biofuels 2018; 11:79. [PMID: 29588664 PMCID: PMC5865291 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMO) release a spectrum of cleavage products from their polymeric substrates cellulose, hemicellulose, or chitin. The correct identification and quantitation of these released products is the basis of MS/HPLC-based detection methods for LPMO activity. The duration, effort, and intricate analysis allow only specialized laboratories to measure LPMO activity in day-to-day work. A spectrophotometric assay will simplify the screening for LPMO in culture supernatants, help monitor recombinant LPMO expression and purification, and support enzyme characterization. RESULTS Based on a newly discovered peroxidase activity of LPMO, we propose a fast, robust, and sensitive spectrophotometric activity assay using 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (2,6-DMP) and H2O2. The fast enzymatic assay (300 s) consists of 1 mM 2,6-DMP as chromogenic substrate, 100 µM H2O2 as cosubstrate, and an adequate activity of LPMO in a suitable buffer. The high molar absorption coefficient of the formed product coerulignone (ε469 = 53,200 M-1 cm-1) makes the assay sensitive and allows reliable activity measurements of LPMO in concentrations of approx. 0.5-50 mg L-1. CONCLUSIONS The activity assay based on 2,6-DMP detects a novel peroxidase activity of LPMO. This activity can be accurately measured and used for enzyme screening, production, and purification, and can also be applied to study binding constants or thermal stability. However, the assay has to be used with care in crude extracts, because other enzymes such as laccase or peroxidase will interfere with the assay. We also want to stress that the peroxidase activity is a homogeneous reaction with soluble substrates and should not be correlated to heterogeneous LPMO activity on polymeric substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Breslmayr
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Vienna Institute of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Material Science and Process Engineering, Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marija Hanžek
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Vienna Institute of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aoife Hanrahan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Vienna Institute of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Leitner
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Vienna Institute of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Kittl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Vienna Institute of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Božidar Šantek
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- Department of Material Science and Process Engineering, Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Vienna Institute of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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20
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Mastanjević K, Šarkanj B, Krska R, Sulyok M, Warth B, Mastanjević K, Šantek B, Krstanović V. From malt to wheat beer: A comprehensive multi-toxin screening, transfer assessment and its influence on basic fermentation parameters. Food Chem 2018; 254:115-121. [PMID: 29548430 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to determine the mycotoxin transfer rate into beer during a semi-industrial production process and the effect of fungicide treatment in the field on mycotoxins concentrations in beer. To ensure the usual practical agronomical conditions, sample A was treated with fungicide Prosaro® 250, and sample B was infected with Fusarium culmorum spores, in order to obtain infected malt. Malt was produced using standard procedure and beer was produced in a semi-industrial unit. During fermentation measurement of sugars (maltotriose and maltose), glycerol and ethanol content was performed on a daily basis. Multiple toxins were determined in malt and beer. Deoxynivalenol (DON), its modified plant metabolite DON-3-glucoside (DON-glucoside), brevianamide F, tryptophol, linamarin, lotaustralin, culmorin (CUL), 15-hydroxy-CUL and 5-hydroyx-CUL were detected in all samples. Results indicate that F. culmorum infection did not influence the fermentation process or the alcohol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Mastanjević
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Center for Analytical Chemistry,Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln),University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,Vienna (BOKU),Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20,3430 Tulln,Austria
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Center for Analytical Chemistry,Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln),University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,Vienna (BOKU),Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20,3430 Tulln,Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringer Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Krešimir Mastanjević
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Božidar Šantek
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vinko Krstanović
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Pavlečić M, Crnić D, Jurković E, Šantek MI, Rezić T, Šantek B. Heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis on chemically pretreated media. Braz J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20180351s2016045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Novak M, Trontel A, Slavica A, Horvat P, Šantek B. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling of simultaneous extraction and fermentation process in a single sugar beet cossette. The EuroBiotech Journal 2017. [DOI: 10.24190/issn2564-615x/2017/01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
For simulations of flow and microbial conversion reactions, related to modeling of simultaneous extraction and fermentation process in a single sugar beet cossette a software package OpenFOAM was used. The mass transfer of the components (sucrose, glucose, fructose and ethanol) in the studied system was controlled by the convection and diffusion processes. Microbial conversion rates and yield coefficients were experimentally determined and/or estimated by mathematical simulation. Dimensions of the model sugar beet cossette (SBC) were: average length of cosettes 40.10 mm, average thickness 3.32 mm and average width 3.5 mm, and represented in the model as a square-shape cross-section mathematical simulation. Dimensions of the model sugar beet cossette (SBC) were: average length of cosettes 40.10 mm, average thickness 3.32 mm and average width 3.5 mm, and represented in the model as a square-shape cross-section used to study the mass transfer and microbial conversion rates on the scale of single sugar beet cossette in the short time scales (up to 25 s). This model can be used for simulation of extractant flow around single sugar beet cossette as well as for description of simultaneous extraction and fermentation process in the studied system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Novak
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology, Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Antonija Trontel
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology, Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Anita Slavica
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology, Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Predrag Horvat
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology, Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Božidar Šantek
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology, Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
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Trontel A, Slavica A, Novak M, Jelovac N, Novak S, Šantek B. Applying gas chromatography to monitor extracellular free amino acids content in cultivation medium during lactic acid fermentation. The EuroBiotech Journal 2017. [DOI: 10.24190/issn2564-615x/2017/01.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this work was the adaptation of a Gas Chromatographic-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) method for detection and quantification of extracellular free amino acids in demineralized water, De Mann Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) medium and corn grits (CG) withdrawn during lactic acid fermentation. In order to analyze free amino acids by the GC-FID method it was necessary to convert free amino acids to volatile compounds. This was accomplished by derivatization of free amino acids with ethylchlor formate in aqueous medium followed by extraction of volatile free amino acid esters with chloroform. It was proven that the combination of derivatization and extraction procedure with developed GC-FID method gave accurate, reproducible and sensitive analytical results. Quantification of 15 (Ala, Gly, Val, Leu, Ile, Phe, Tyr, Trp, Asn, Met, Pro, Lys, His, Asp and Glu) out of 20 ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl esters of free amino acids in demineralized water and MRS medium was achieved by established methods. In corn grits medium all of the above mentioned 15 amino acids, except His, were quantified with this GC-FID method. The established method was efficiently verified in monitoring of extracellular free amino acid concentration during lactic acid production with Lactobacillus rhamnosus DSM 20021T in MRS medium and Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM 20531T in corn grits medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Trontel
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Anita Slavica
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Mario Novak
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Nuša Jelovac
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Srđan Novak
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Božidar Šantek
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
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Slavica A, Žunar B, Svetec IK, Rezić T, Novak S, Šantek B. Bioinformatic analysis of carbon utilization pathways in Lactobacillus amylovorus strains. J Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Slavica A, Trontel A, Jelovac N, Kosovec Ž, Šantek B, Novak S. Production of lactate and acetate by Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens DSM 20004 T in comparison with Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM 20531 T. J Biotechnol 2015; 202:50-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ivušić F, Šantek B. Optimization of complex medium composition for heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis and paramylon production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1103-12. [PMID: 25601569 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis was carried out on synthetic (Hutner medium) and complex cultivation media in order to optimize production of β-1,3-glucan (paramylon). For preparation of complex media, various industrial by-products (e.g., molasses, corn steep solid, yeast extract, and beef extract) were used with or without addition of pure compounds [glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and (NH4)2HPO4]. Heterotrophic cultivation of E. gracilis was performed in Erlenmeyer flasks and additionally confirmed during research in the stirred tank bioreactor. The results clearly show that E. gracilis can easily metabolize glucose and fructose as carbon sources and corn steep solid as complex nitrogen and growth factors source for biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. Furthermore, it was also proved that addition of (NH4)2HPO4, beef extract, or gibberellic acid did not have positive effect on the biomass growth and paramylon synthesis. After optimization of complex medium composition and verification in the stirred tank bioreactor, it was concluded that medium composed of glucose (20 g/L) and corn steep solid (30 g/L) is the most suitable complex medium for industrial cultivation of E. gracilis and paramylon production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franjo Ivušić
- Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, The Institute for Corrosion Research and Desalinization, Vlaha Bukovca 14, 20000, Dubrovnik, Croatia
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Rezić T, Rezić I, Zeiner M, Hann S, Stingeder G, Šantek B. Biosorption of Mn (II), Co (II) and Cr (VI) in a horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor: experiments and evaluation of the integral bioprocess model. Braz J Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20140313s00002905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Zeiner
- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Austria
| | - S. Hann
- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Austria
| | - G. Stingeder
- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Austria
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Srečec S, Rezić T, Šantek B, Marić V. Hop pellets type 90: Influence of manufacture and storage on losses of α-acids. Acta Alimentaria 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.2008.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Šantek B, Horvat P, Novak S, Mayr B, Moser A, Marić V. Mathematical modeling of mixing in a horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor: “Spiral flow” model. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00369917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Šantek B, Horvat P, Novak S, Mayr B, Moser A, Marić V. Mathematical modeling of mixing in a horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor: “Simple flow” model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01464734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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