1
|
Photosynthetic microorganisms for the oxygenation of advanced 3D bioprinted tissues. Acta Biomater 2022:S1742-7061(22)00278-1. [PMID: 35562006 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting technology has emerged as a tool that promises to revolutionize the biomedical field, including tissue engineering and regeneration. Despite major technological advancements, several challenges remain to be solved before 3D bioprinted tissues could be fully translated from the bench to the bedside. As oxygen plays a key role in aerobic metabolism, which allows energy production in the mitochondria; as a consequence, the lack of tissue oxygenation is one of the main limitations of current bioprinted tissues and organs. In order to improve tissue oxygenation, recent approaches have been established for a broad range of clinical applications, with some already applied using 3D bioprinting technologies. Among them, the incorporation of photosynthetic microorganisms, such as microalgae and cyanobacteria, is a promising approach that has been recently explored to generate chimerical plant-animal tissues where, upon light exposure, oxygen can be produced and released in a localized and controlled manner. This review will briefly summarize the state-of-the-art approaches to improve tissue oxygenation, as well as studies describing the use of photosynthetic microorganisms in 3D bioprinting technologies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 3D bioprinting technology has emerged as a tool for the generation of viable and functional tissues for direct in vitro and in vivo applications, including disease modeling, drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Despite the latest advancements in this field, suboptimal oxygen delivery to cells before, during and after the bioprinting process limits their viability within 3D bioprinted tissues. This review article first highlights state-of-the-art approaches used to improve oxygen delivery in bioengineered tissues to overcome this challenge. Then, it focuses on the emerging roles played by photosynthetic organisms as novel biomaterials for bioink generation. Finally, it provides considerations around current challenges and novel potential opportunities for their use in bioinks, by comparing latest published studies using algae for 3D bioprinting.
Collapse
|
2
|
Shoemaker JT, Zhang W, Atlas SI, Bryan RA, Inman SW, Vukasinovic J. A 3D Cell Culture Organ-on-a-Chip Platform With a Breathable Hemoglobin Analogue Augments and Extends Primary Human Hepatocyte Functions in vitro. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:568777. [PMID: 33195413 PMCID: PMC7645268 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.568777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable advances in three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures and organ-on-a-chip technologies have opened the door to recapitulate complex aspects of human physiology, pathology, and drug responses in vitro. The challenges regarding oxygen delivery, throughput, assay multiplexing, and experimental complexity are addressed to ensure that perfused 3D cell culture organ-on-a-chip models become a routine research tool adopted by academic and industrial stakeholders. To move the field forward, we present a throughput-scalable organ-on-a-chip insert system that requires a single tube to operate 48 statistically independent 3D cell culture organ models. Then, we introduce in-well perfusion to circumvent the loss of cell signaling and drug metabolites in otherwise one-way flow of perfusate. Further, to augment the relevancy of 3D cell culture models in vitro, we tackle the problem of oxygen transport by blood using, for the first time, a breathable hemoglobin analog to improve delivery of respiratory gases to cells, because in vivo approximately 98% of oxygen delivery to cells takes place via reversible binding to hemoglobin. Next, we show that improved oxygenation shifts cellular metabolic pathways toward oxidative phosphorylation that contributes to the maintenance of differentiated liver phenotypes in vitro. Lastly, we demonstrate that the activity of cytochrome P450 family of drug metabolizing enzymes is increased and prolonged in primary human hepatocytes cultured in 3D compared to two-dimensional (2D) cell culture gold standard with important ramifications for drug metabolism, drug-drug interactions and pharmacokinetic studies in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanrui Zhang
- Lena Biosciences, Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lambert E, Gorantla VS, Janjic JM. Pharmaceutical design and development of perfluorocarbon nanocolloids for oxygen delivery in regenerative medicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2697-2712. [PMID: 31657273 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have been investigated as oxygen carriers for several decades in varied biomedical applications. PFCs are chemically and biologically inert, temperature and storage stable, pose low to no infectious risk, can be commercially manufactured, and have well established gas transport properties. In this review, we highlight design and development strategies for their successful application in regenerative medicine, transplantation and organ preservation. Effective tissue preservation strategies are key to improving outcomes of extremity salvage and organ transplantation. Maintaining tissue integrity requires adequate oxygenation to support aerobic metabolism. The use of whole blood for oxygen delivery is fraught with limitations of poor shelf stability, infectious risk, religious exclusions and product shortages. Other agents also face clinical challenges in their implementation. As a solution, we discuss new ways of designing and developing PFC-based artificial oxygen carriers by implementing modern pharmaceutical quality by design and scale up manufacturing methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lambert
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.,Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Vijay S Gorantla
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.,AIRMED Program, 59th Medical Wing, United States Air Force, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | - Jelena M Janjic
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.,Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.,AIRMED Program, 59th Medical Wing, United States Air Force, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee YH, Sun JH. Multifunctional fluorocarbon photobioreactor system: a novel integrated device for CO 2 segregation, O 2 collection, and enhancement of microalgae growth and bioproductions. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1591-1601. [PMID: 31190282 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An enhanced greenhouse effect due to high CO2 emissions has become one of the most concerning issues worldwide. Although plant/algae-mediated approaches have been extensively used for CO2 segregation in the last decades, these methods are generally aimed at environment protection. In contrast, less attention has been given to CO2 manipulation that has regrettably caused a decrease in the commercial availability of the associated technologies. To generate a system for practical use, a synthetic fluorocarbon photobioreactor system (FCPBRS) consisting of a CO2 isolation unit, a gas modulation unit, an O2 collection unit, and a microalgal culture chamber was developed in this study. After injecting a 60%-N2/40%-CO2 gas mixture into the CO2 isolation unit for 10 days, the results showed that the FCPBRS enabled a > 93% CO2 separation efficiency using a fluorocarbon liquid FC-40 as the CO2 adsorbent. In addition, the growth rate of Nannochloropsis oculata was significantly enhanced when cultured with 20 mL min-1 of the FC-40 flow containing 2% CO2 throughout the time course, resulting in 4.7-, 4.6-, and 4.5-fold (P < 0.05 for each) increases in biomass, total lipid, and eicosapentaenoic acid yields, respectively, compared to the aerated group without FC-40. Moreover, approximately 1600 mL of photosynthetic O2 with a ~ 80% collection efficiency was obtained in the O2 collection unit within 10 days of FCPBRS operation. These outcomes indicate that the FCPBRS may provide a feasible means to simultaneously achieve CO2 isolation, O2 collection, and enhanced microalgae bioproductions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jen-Hou Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang H, Barralet JE. Mimicking oxygen delivery and waste removal functions of blood. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 122:84-104. [PMID: 28214553 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In addition to immunological and wound healing cell and platelet delivery, ion stasis and nutrient supply, blood delivers oxygen to cells and tissues and removes metabolic wastes. For decades researchers have been trying to develop approaches that mimic these two immediately vital functions of blood. Oxygen is crucial for the long-term survival of tissues and cells in vertebrates. Hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) and even at times anoxia (absence of oxygen) can occur during organ preservation, organ and cell transplantation, wound healing, in tumors and engineering of tissues. Different approaches have been developed to deliver oxygen to tissues and cells, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), normobaric hyperoxia therapy (NBOT), using biochemical reactions and electrolysis, employing liquids with high oxygen solubility, administering hemoglobin, myoglobin and red blood cells (RBCs), introducing oxygen-generating agents, using oxygen-carrying microparticles, persufflation, and peritoneal oxygenation. Metabolic waste accumulation is another issue in biological systems when blood flow is insufficient. Metabolic wastes change the microenvironment of cells and tissues, influence the metabolic activities of cells, and ultimately cause cell death. This review examines advances in blood mimicking systems in the field of biomedical engineering in terms of oxygen delivery and metabolic waste removal.
Collapse
|
6
|
Farris AL, Rindone AN, Grayson WL. Oxygen Delivering Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3422-3432. [PMID: 27453782 PMCID: PMC4955951 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02635k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) has provided promising strategies for regenerating tissue defects, but few TE approaches have been translated for clinical applications. One major barrier in TE is providing adequate oxygen supply to implanted tissue scaffolds, since oxygen diffusion from surrounding vasculature in vivo is limited to the periphery of the scaffolds. Moreover, oxygen is also an important signaling molecule for controlling stem cell differentiation within TE scaffolds. Various technologies have been developed to increase oxygen delivery in vivo and enhance the effectiveness of TE strategies. Such technologies include hyperbaric oxygen therapy, perfluorocarbon- and hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, and oxygen-generating, peroxide-based materials. Here, we provide an overview of the underlying mechanisms and how these technologies have been utilized for in vivo TE applications. Emerging technologies and future prospects for oxygen delivery in TE are also discussed to evaluate the progress of this field towards clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Farris
- Translational TE Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21287, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, 21205 USA
| | - Alexandra N. Rindone
- Translational TE Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21287, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, 21205 USA
| | - Warren L. Grayson
- Translational TE Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21287, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, 21205 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reduction of oxygen inhibition effect for microalgal growth using fluoroalkylated methoxy polyethylene glycol-stabilized perfluorocarbon nano-oxygen carriers. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|