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Zeng J, Desmond P, Ngo HH, Lin W, Liu X, Liu B, Li G, Ding A. Membrane modification in enhancement of virus removal: A critical review. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 146:198-216. [PMID: 38969448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Many waterborne diseases are related with viruses, and COVID-19 worldwide has raised the concern of virus security in water into the public horizon. Compared to other conventional water treatment processes, membrane technology can achieve satisfactory virus removal with fewer chemicals, and prevent the outbreaks of viruses to a maximal extent. Researchers developed new modification methods to improve membrane performance. This review focused on the membrane modifications that enhance the performance in virus removal. The characteristics of viruses and their removal by membrane filtration were briefly generalized, and membrane modifications were systematically discussed through different virus removal mechanisms, including size exclusion, hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, electronic interactions, and inactivation. Advanced functional materials for membrane modification were summarized based on their nature. Furthermore, it is suggested that membranes should be enhanced through different mechanisms mainly based on their ranks of pore size. The current review provided theoretical support regarding membrane modifications in the enhancement of virus removal and avenues for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Peter Desmond
- Institute of Environmental Engineering (ISA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bingsheng Liu
- The Second Construction Co. Ltd. of China Construction Third Engineering Bureau, China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - An Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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2
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Afzal MA, Peles J, Zydney AL. Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Protein on Virus Retention for Different Virus Removal Filters. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:158. [PMID: 39057666 PMCID: PMC11278833 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14070158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The performance of virus filters is often determined by the extent of protein fouling, which can affect both filtrate flux and virus retention. However, the mechanisms governing changes in virus retention in the presence of proteins are still not well understood. The objective of this work was to examine the effect of proteins on virus retention by both asymmetric (Viresolve® NFP and Viresolve® Pro) and relatively homogeneous (Ultipor® DV20 and PegasusTM SV4) virus filtration membranes. Experiments were performed with bacteriophage ϕX174 as a model parvovirus and human serum immunoglobulin G (hIgG) as a model protein. The virus retention in 1 g/L hIgG solutions was consistently less than that in a protein-free buffer solution by between 1 to 3 logs for the different virus filters. The virus retention profiles for the two homogeneous membranes were very similar, with the virus retention being highly correlated with the extent of flux decline. Membranes prefouled with hIgG and then challenged with phages also showed much lower virus retention, demonstrating the importance of membrane fouling; the one exception was the Viresolve® Pro membrane, which showed a similar virus retention for the prefouled and pristine membranes. Experiments in which the protein was filtered after the virus challenge demonstrated that hIgG can displace previously captured viruses from within a filter. The magnitude of these effects significantly varied for the different virus filters, likely due to differences in membrane morphology, pore size distribution, and chemistry, providing important insights into the development/application of virus filtration in bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew L. Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, PA, USA; (M.A.A.); (J.P.)
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3
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Afzal MA, Zydney AL. Impact of proteins and protein fouling on virus retention during virus removal filtration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:710-718. [PMID: 37994529 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Virus filtration is a crucial step in ensuring the high levels of viral clearance required in the production of biotherapeutics produced in mammalian cells or derived from human plasma. Previous studies have reported that virus retention is often reduced in the presence of therapeutic proteins due to membrane fouling; however, the underlying mechanisms controlling this behavior are still not well understood. Experimental studies were performed with a single layer of the commercially available dual-layer PegasusTM SV4 virus removal filter to more easily interpret the experimental results. Bacteriophage ФX174 was used as a model parvovirus, and human immunoglobulin (hIgG) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) were used as model proteins. Data obtained with 5 g/L solutions of hIgG showed more than a 100-fold reduction in virus retention compared to that in the protein-free solution. Similar effects were seen with membranes that were pre-fouled with hIgG and then challenged with ФX174. The experimental data were well-described using an internal polarization model that accounts for virus capture and accumulation within the virus filter, with the hIgG nearly eliminating the irreversible virus capture while also facilitating the release of previously captured virus. These results provide important insights into the performance and validation of virus removal filters in bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Afzal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Liu N, Xu T. Virus filtration using small pore virus filter in downstream processing of biotherapeutic products: The effect of operating pressure. Biologicals 2023; 84:101718. [PMID: 37837714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus filtration is a robust and effective method to remove potential virus contaminants. Planova 20 N, a virus filter form Asahi Kasei Bioprocess, has been widely used in the manufacturing process of biotherapeutics. Previous studies have shown that parvovirus removal by Planova 20 N can be impacted by low operation pressure and depressurization. Therefore, it is critical to define an operating pressure range for robust virus removal. In this work, the effect of pressure combined with depressurization on virus removal by Planova 20 N was investigated. Our studies showed that effective virus removal can be achieved in the pressure range from 0.7 bar to 1.6 bar. The data also suggest that re-starting with higher pressure after depressurization is highly desirable for large-scale manufacture to mitigate virus leakage risk. In addition, skipping buffer flush post mainstream filtration minimizes the likelihood of depressurization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Downstream Process Development (DSPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China.
| | - Tiandan Xu
- Downstream Process Development (DSPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
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5
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Suh D, Kim M, Lee C, Baek Y. Virus filtration in biopharmaceutical downstream processes: key factors and current limitations. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2143379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Suh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Seoul National University (SNU), Gwanak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Basic Science, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Seoul National University (SNU), Gwanak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbin Baek
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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6
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Filtration with Multiple Species of Particles. Transp Porous Media 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-022-01810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMembrane filtration of feed containing multiple species of particles is a common process in the industrial setting. In this work, we propose a model for filtration of a suspension containing multiple particle species (concrete examples of our model are shown in two and three species), each with different affinities for the material of the porous filter membrane. Using the pore shape within the membrane as a design objective, we formulate a number of optimization problems pertaining to effective separation of desired and undesired particles in the special case of two-particle species and we present results showing how properties such as feed composition affect the optimal filter design. In addition, we propose a novel multi-stage filtration strategy, which provides a significant mass yield improvement for the desired particles, and, surprisingly, higher purity of the product as well.
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7
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Malakian A, Jung SY, Afzal MA, Carbrello C, Giglia S, Johnson M, Miller C, Rayfield W, Boenitz D, Cetlin D, Zydney AL. Development of a transient inline spiking system for evaluating virus clearance in continuous bioprocessing -- Proof of concept for virus filtration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2134-2141. [PMID: 35470427 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of continuous/connected bioprocesses requires new approaches for viral clearance validation, both for specific unit operations and for the overall process. In this study, we have developed a transient inline spiking system that can be used to evaluate virus clearance at distinct time points during prolonged operation of continuous bioprocesses. The proof of concept for this system was demonstrated by evaluating the viral clearance for a virus filtration step, both with and without a prefilter upstream of the virus filter. The residence time distribution was evaluated using a previously identified non-interacting fluorescent tracer, while viral clearance was evaluated from measurements of the virus titer in samples obtained downstream of the virus filter. The measured log reduction values (LRV) for ϕX174, Minute Virus of Mice (MVM), Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus (XMuLV), and a non-infectious Mock Virus Particle (MVP) were all within 0.5 logs of those obtained using a traditional batch virus challenge for both model and real-world process streams (LRV between 2.2 and 3.4 for ϕX174 using a single layer of virus filter). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of transient inline spiking to validate the virus clearance capabilities in continuous bioprocessing, an essential element for the adoption of these processes for products made using mammalian cell lines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malakian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Seon Yeop Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University.,Dankook University, South Korea
| | - Mohammad A Afzal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew L Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University
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8
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Afzal MA, Zydney AL. Effect of filtrate flux and process disruptions on virus retention by a relatively homogeneous virus removal membrane. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3255. [PMID: 35383397 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that virus retention by specific virus filters can be reduced at low flow rates and after process disruptions; however, the magnitude of these changes in virus retention and the underlying mechanisms controlling this behavior are still not well understood. The objective of this study was to develop a quantitative understanding of the factors controlling the virus retention behavior of a relatively homogeneous polyvinylidene fluoride virus removal filter. Data were obtained with the bacteriophage ϕX174 as a model virus. Virus retention decreased as the filtrate flux was reduced and also declined slightly over the course of the virus filtration. Virus retention immediately after a process disruption decreased by as much as a factor of 1000 (3-logs) depending on the duration and timing of the disruption. The experimental results were well-described using an internal polarization model that accounts for accumulation and release of virus during the filtration / disruption, with the key model parameters dependent on the filtrate flux. These results provide important insights into the factors controlling the virus retention behavior as well as guidelines for the effective use of virus removal filters in bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Afzal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Parau M, Johnson TF, Pullen J, Bracewell DG. Analysis of fouling and breakthrough of process related impurities during depth filtration using confocal microscopy. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3233. [PMID: 35037432 PMCID: PMC9286597 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Titer improvement has driven process intensification in mAb manufacture. However, this has come with the drawback of high cell densities and associated process related impurities such as cell debris, host cell protein (HCP), and DNA. This affects the capacity of depth filters and can lead to carryover of impurities to protein A chromatography leading to early resin fouling. New depth filter materials provide the opportunity to remove more process related impurities at this early stage in the process. Hence, there is a need to understand the mechanism of impurity removal within these filters. In this work, the secondary depth filter Millistak+ X0HC (cellulose and diatomaceous earth) is compared with the X0SP (synthetic), by examining the breakthrough of DNA and HCP. Additionally, a novel method was developed to image the location of key impurities within the depth filter structure under a confocal microscope. Flux, tested at 75, 100, and 250 LMH was found to affect the maximal throughput based on the max pressure of 30 psi, but no significant changes were seen in the HCP and DNA breakthrough. However, a drop in cell culture viability, from 87% to 37%, lead to the DNA breakthrough at 10% decreasing from 81 to 55 L/m2 for X0HC and from 105 to 47 L/m2 for X0SP. The HCP breakthrough was not affected by cell culture viability or filter type. The X0SP filter has a 30%-50% higher max throughput depending on viability, which can be explained by the confocal imaging where the debris and DNA are distributed differently in the layers of the filter pods, with more of the second tighter layer being utilized in the X0SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Parau
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Thomas F. Johnson
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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10
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Brickey KP, Zydney AL, Gomez ED. FIB-SEM tomography reveals the nanoscale 3D morphology of virus removal filters. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Johnson TF, Jones K, Iacoviello F, Turner S, Jackson NB, Zourna K, Welsh JH, Shearing PR, Hoare M, Bracewell DG. Liposome Sterile Filtration Characterization via X-ray Computed Tomography and Confocal Microscopy. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110905. [PMID: 34832134 PMCID: PMC8620169 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two high resolution, 3D imaging techniques were applied to visualize and characterize sterilizing grade dual-layer filtration of liposomes, enabling membrane structure to be related with function and performance. Two polyethersulfone membranes with nominal retention ratings of 650 nm and 200 nm were used to filter liposomes of an average diameter of 143 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.1. Operating conditions including differential pressure were evaluated. X-ray computed tomography at a pixel size of 63 nm was capable of resolving the internal geometry of each membrane. The respective asymmetry and symmetry of the upstream and downstream membranes could be measured, with pore network modeling used to identify pore sizes as a function of distance through the imaged volume. Reconstructed 3D digital datasets were the basis of tortuous flow simulation through each porous structure. Confocal microscopy visualized liposome retention within each membrane using fluorescent dyes, with bacterial challenges also performed. It was found that increasing pressure drop from 0.07 MPa to 0.21 MPa resulted in differing fluorescent retention profiles in the upstream membrane. These results highlighted the capability for complementary imaging approaches to deepen understanding of liposome sterilizing grade filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Johnson
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (T.F.J.); (M.H.)
| | - Kyle Jones
- Pall Corporation 5 Harbourgate Business Park, Southampton Road, Portsmouth PO6 4BQ, UK; (K.J.); (S.T.); (N.B.J.); (K.Z.); (J.H.W.)
| | - Francesco Iacoviello
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK; (F.I.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Stephen Turner
- Pall Corporation 5 Harbourgate Business Park, Southampton Road, Portsmouth PO6 4BQ, UK; (K.J.); (S.T.); (N.B.J.); (K.Z.); (J.H.W.)
| | - Nigel B. Jackson
- Pall Corporation 5 Harbourgate Business Park, Southampton Road, Portsmouth PO6 4BQ, UK; (K.J.); (S.T.); (N.B.J.); (K.Z.); (J.H.W.)
| | - Kalliopi Zourna
- Pall Corporation 5 Harbourgate Business Park, Southampton Road, Portsmouth PO6 4BQ, UK; (K.J.); (S.T.); (N.B.J.); (K.Z.); (J.H.W.)
| | - John H. Welsh
- Pall Corporation 5 Harbourgate Business Park, Southampton Road, Portsmouth PO6 4BQ, UK; (K.J.); (S.T.); (N.B.J.); (K.Z.); (J.H.W.)
| | - Paul R. Shearing
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK; (F.I.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Mike Hoare
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (T.F.J.); (M.H.)
| | - Daniel G. Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (T.F.J.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-20-7679-2374
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13
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Lucas K, Dehghani M, Khire T, Gaborski T, Flax JD, Waugh RE, McGrath JL. A predictive model of nanoparticle capture on ultrathin nanoporous membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Jazie AA, Albaaji AJ, Abed SA. A review on recent trends of antiviral nanoparticles and airborne filters: special insight on COVID-19 virus. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2021; 14:1811-1824. [PMID: 34178182 PMCID: PMC8211456 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-021-01055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic in the last 4 months stimulates the international scientific community to search for vaccine of antiviral agents suitable for in activating the virus inside and outside the human body. More than 4 million people globally are infected by the virus and about 300,000 dead cases until this moment. The ventilation and airborne filters are also investigated aiming to develop an efficient antiviral filtration technology. Human secretion of the infected person as nasal or saliva droplets goes as airborne and distributes the virus everywhere around the person. N95 and N98 filters are the must use filters for capturing particles of sizes around 300 nm. The average size of the novel corona virus (COVID-19) is 100 nm and there is no standard or special filter suitable for this virus. The nanoparticle-coated airborne filter is a suitable technique in this regard. While the efficiency of this type of filters still needs to be enhanced, new developed nanofiber filters are proposed. Most recently, the charged nanofiber filters of sizes below 100 nm are developed and provide an efficient viral filtration and inactivation. The efficiency of filter must be kept at accepted level without increasing the pressure drop. The present review outlines the most efficient antiviral nanoparticles including the recent functional nanoparticles. The filtration theory, filtration modeling, filter testing, and different types of filter with special concentration on the charged nanofiber filter were discussed. The charged nanofiber filter able to capture novel corona virus (COVID-19) with 94% efficiency and a pressure drop less than 20 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Jazie
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Amar J. Albaaji
- Materials Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Suhad A. Abed
- Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
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15
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Visualizing effects of protein fouling on capture profiles in the Planova BioEX and 20N virus filters. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Leisi R, Bieri J, Roth NJ, Ros C. Determination of parvovirus retention profiles in virus filter membranes using laser scanning microscopy. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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David L, Niklas J, Budde B, Lobedann M, Schembecker G. Continuous viral filtration for the production of monoclonal antibodies. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Namila FNU, Zhang D, Traylor S, Nguyen T, Singh N, Wickramasinghe R, Qian X. The effects of buffer condition on the fouling behavior of MVM virus filtration of an Fc‐fusion protein. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2621-2631. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- FNU Namila
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
| | | | | | | | | | - Xianghong Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
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19
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Fallahianbijan F, Giglia S, Carbrello C, Bell D, Zydney AL. Impact of protein fouling on nanoparticle capture within the Viresolve® Pro and Viresolve® NFP virus removal membranes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2285-2291. [PMID: 31081123 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Virus filtration is a robust size-based technique that can provide the high level of viral clearance required for the production of mammalian-derived biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies. Several studies have shown that the retention characteristics of some, but not all, virus filters can be significantly affected by membrane fouling, but there have been no direct measurements of how protein fouling might alter the location of virus capture within these membranes. The objective of this study was to directly examine the effect of protein fouling by human immunoglobulin G (IgG) on virus capture within the Viresolve® Pro and Viresolve® NFP membranes by scanning electron microscopy using different size gold nanoparticles. IgG fouling shifted the capture location of 20 nm gold nanoparticles further upstream within the Viresolve® Pro filter due to the constriction and/or blockage of the pores in the virus retentive region of the filter. In contrast, IgG fouling had no measurable effect on the capture of 20 nm nanoparticles in the Viresolve® NFP membrane, and IgG fouling had no effect on the capture of larger 40 and 100 nm nanoparticles in either membrane. These results provide important insights into how protein fouling alters the virus retention characteristics of different virus filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fallahianbijan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Sal Giglia
- MilliporeSigma Corporation, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | | | - David Bell
- MilliporeSigma Corporation, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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20
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Nazem‐Bokaee H, Chen D, O'Donnell SM, Zydney AL. New insights into the performance characteristics of the Planova‐series hollow‐fiber parvovirus filters using confocal and electron microscopy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2010-2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nazem‐Bokaee
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park Pennsylvania
| | - Dayue Chen
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research LaboratoriesEli Lilly and CompanyIndianapolis Indiana
| | - Sean Michael O'Donnell
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research LaboratoriesEli Lilly and CompanyIndianapolis Indiana
| | - Andrew L. Zydney
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park Pennsylvania
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21
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Gustafsson S, Westermann F, Hanrieder T, Jung L, Ruppach H, Mihranyan A. Comparative Analysis of Dry and Wet Porometry Methods for Characterization of Regular and Cross-Linked Virus Removal Filter Papers. MEMBRANES 2018; 9:E1. [PMID: 30577520 PMCID: PMC6359513 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pore-size distribution (PSD) is the most critical parameter for size-exclusion virus removal filters. Yet, different dry- and wet-state porometry methods yield different pore-size values. The goal of this work is to conduct comparative analysis of nitrogen gas sorption (NGSP), liquid-liquid and cryoporometry with differential scanning calorimetry (CP-DSC) methods with respect to characterization of regular and cross-linked virus removal filter paper based on cellulose nanofibers, i.e. the mille-feuille filter. The filters were further characterized with atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the removal of the worst-case model virus, i.e. minute virus of mice (MVM; 20 nm, nonenveloped parvovirus) was evaluated. The results revealed that there is no difference of the obtained PSDs between the wet methods, i.e. DSC and liquid-liquid porometry (LLP), as well as no difference between the regular and cross-linked filters regardless of method. MVM filtration at different trans membrane pressure (TMP) revealed strong dependence of the virus removal capability on applied pressure. It was further observed that cross-linking filters showed enhanced virus removal, especially at lower TMP. In all, the results of this study highlight the complex nature of virus capture in size-exclusion filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gustafsson
- Division for Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department for Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Frank Westermann
- Charles River Biopharmaceutical Services, Gottfried Hagen Str. 20, 51105 Köln, Germany.
| | - Tobias Hanrieder
- Charles River Biopharmaceutical Services, Gottfried Hagen Str. 20, 51105 Köln, Germany.
| | - Laura Jung
- Charles River Biopharmaceutical Services, Gottfried Hagen Str. 20, 51105 Köln, Germany.
| | - Horst Ruppach
- Charles River Biopharmaceutical Services, Gottfried Hagen Str. 20, 51105 Köln, Germany.
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Division for Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department for Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
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22
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Fallahianbijan F, Giglia S, Carbrello C, Zydney AL. Use of fluorescently-labeled nanoparticles to study pore morphology and virus capture in virus filtration membranes. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Misra P, Sinha A, Rathore AS, Shukla A, Mir FQ. A three plus three parameters mechanistic model for viral filtration. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1538-1547. [PMID: 28699320 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Viral filtration is an expensive regulatory requirement in downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This process step is typically operated with an overdesigned filter in order to account for any batch to batch variability in the filter, as well as the feed characteristics. Here, we propose a simple, six-parameter mechanistic model for viral filtration where three parameters are membrane-specific while the other three depend on feed characteristics and membrane-feed interactions. Viruses are considered as passive particles which are retained by the membrane on the basis of size exclusion. The model envisages that the viral filter contains two kind of pores: virus-retentive, small-sized pores and non-retentive, large-sized pores. The small-sized pores get blocked during filtration resulting in decrease in active membrane area, while the large-sized pores get constricted during filtration. The length of constricted part increases during filtration and contributes to increase in hydraulic resistance of the filter. Rate of these processes (blocking and constriction) are assumed to be proportional to the instantaneous rate of retention of the viral particles. The general nature of the model is validated with the experimental data on viral filtration for four different commercial membranes used in biotech industries as well as different model viruses. The proposed model has been demonstrated to describe the behavior of filters with very good accuracy. The best-fit model parameter values indicate about the various phenomena that are responsible for differences in the behavior of the membranes as well as change in retention and flux with feed concentration. The proposed model can be used for improving design of virus filters as well as in appropriate sizing of the filters during processing. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1538-1547, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Misra
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Abhishek Sinha
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Anupam Shukla
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Fasil Q Mir
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, NIT, Srinagar, J & K, India
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24
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Lu R, Zhang C, Piatkovsky M, Ulbricht M, Herzberg M, Nguyen TH. Improvement of virus removal using ultrafiltration membranes modified with grafted zwitterionic polymer hydrogels. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 116:86-94. [PMID: 28324709 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Potable water reuse has been adopted by cities suffering water scarcity in recent years. The microbial safety in water reuse, especially with respect to pathogenic viruses, is still a concern for water consumers. Membrane filtration can achieve sufficient removal of pathogenic viruses without disinfection byproducts, but the required energy is intensive. In this study, we graft-polymerized zwitterionic SPP ([3-(methacryloylamino) propyl] dimethyl (3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide) on a 150 kDa ultrafiltration polyethersulfone membrane to achieve a significantly higher virus removal. The redox-initiated graft-polymerization was performed in an aqueous solution during filtration of the monomer and initiators, allowing for functionalizing the membrane pores with hydrophilic polySPP. Bacteriophage MS2 and human adenovirus type 2 (HAdV-2) were used as surrogates for pathogenic human norovirus and human adenovirus. The grafting resulted in ∼18% loss of the membrane permeability but an increase of 4 log10 in HAdV-2 removal and 3 log10 in MS2 removal. The pristine and the grafted membranes were both conditioned with soluble microbial products (SMP) extracted from a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) in order to test the virus removal after fouling the membranes. After fouling, the HAdV-2 removal by the grafted membrane was 1 log10 higher than that of the pristine membrane. For MS2, the grafted membrane after fouling with SMP achieved an additional 5 log10 removal compared to the unmodified membrane. The simple graft-polymerization functionalization of commercialized membrane achieving enhanced virus removal efficiency highlights the promise of membrane filtration for pathogen control in potable water reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Lu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Chang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Maria Piatkovsky
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel
| | - Mathias Ulbricht
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Moshe Herzberg
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel.
| | - Thanh H Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States.
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25
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Random sequential adsorption of human adenovirus 2 onto polyvinylidene fluoride surface influenced by extracellular polymeric substances. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 466:120-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Lu R, Li Q, Yin Z, Xagoraraki I, Tarabara VV, Nguyen TH. Effect of virus influent concentration on its removal by microfiltration: The case of human adenovirus 2. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Zydney AL. Continuous downstream processing for high value biological products: A Review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:465-75. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802
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28
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Dishari SK, Micklin MR, Sung KJ, Zydney AL, Venkiteshwaran A, Earley JN. Effects of solution conditions on virus retention by the Viresolve® NFP filter. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1280-6. [PMID: 26081350 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Virus filtration can provide a robust method for removal of adventitious parvoviruses in the production of biotherapeutics. Although virus filtration is typically thought to function by a purely size-based removal mechanism, there is limited data in the literature indicating that virus retention is a function of solution conditions. The objective of this work was to examine the effect of solution pH and ionic strength on virus retention by the Viresolve(®) NFP membrane. Data were obtained using the bacteriophage ϕX174 as a model virus, with retention data complemented by the use of confocal microscopy to directly visualize capture of fluorescently labeled ϕX174 within the filter. Virus retention was greatest at low pH and low ionic strength, conditions under which there was an attractive electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged membrane and the positively charged phage. In addition, the transient increase in virus transmission seen in response to a pressure disruption at pH 7.8 and 10 was completely absent at pH 4.9, suggesting that the trapped virus are unable to overcome the electrostatic attraction and diffuse out of the pores when the pressure is released. Further confirmation of this physical picture was provided by confocal microscopy. Images obtained at pH 10 showed the migration of previously captured phage; this phenomenon was absent at pH 4.9. These results provide important new insights into the factors governing virus retention using virus filtration membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudipto K Dishari
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Matthew R Micklin
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Ki-Joo Sung
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | | | - Jennifer N Earley
- Dept. of Bioproduct Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285
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29
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Dishari SK, Venkiteshwaran A, Zydney AL. Probing effects of pressure release on virus capture during virus filtration using confocal microscopy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:2115-22. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shudipto K. Dishari
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 6802
| | | | - Andrew L. Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 6802
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