1
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Srinivasan P, Canova CT, Sha S, Nguyen TNT, Joseph J, Sangerman J, Maloney AJ, Katsikis G, Ou RW, Hong MS, Ng J, Yuan A, Antov D, Song S, Chen W, Neufeld C, Wolfrum JM, Barone PW, Sinskey AJ, Springs SL, Braatz RD. Multidose transient transfection of human embryonic kidney 293 cells modulates recombinant adeno-associated virus2/5 Rep protein expression and influences the enrichment fraction of filled capsids. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 39176568 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is a commonly used in vivo gene therapy vector because of its nonpathogenicity, long-term transgene expression, broad tropism, and ability to transduce both dividing and nondividing cells. However, rAAV vector production via transient transfection of mammalian cells typically yields a low fraction of filled-to-total capsids (~1%-30% of total capsids produced). Analysis of our previously developed mechanistic model for rAAV2/5 production attributed these low fill fractions to a poorly coordinated timeline between capsid synthesis and viral DNA replication and the repression of later phase capsid formation by Rep proteins. Here, we extend the model by quantifying the expression dynamics of total Rep proteins and their influence on the key steps of rAAV2/5 production using a multiple dosing transfection of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. We report that the availability of preformed empty capsids and viral DNA copies per cell are not limiting to the capsid-filling reaction. However, optimal expression of Rep proteins (<240 ± 13 ag per cell) enables enrichment of the filled capsid population (>12% of total capsids/cell) upstream. Our analysis suggests increased enrichment of filled capsids via regulating the expression of Rep proteins is possible but at the expense of per cell capsid titer in a triple plasmid transfection. Our study reveals an intrinsic limitation of scaling rAAV2/5 vector genome (vg) production and underscores the need for approaches that allow for regulating the expression of Rep proteins to maximize vg titer per cell upstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Srinivasan
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher T Canova
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sha Sha
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - John Joseph
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose Sangerman
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Rui Wen Ou
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Moo Sun Hong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaclyn Ng
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Arella Yuan
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Antov
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sally Song
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wenyu Chen
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caleb Neufeld
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Wolfrum
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul W Barone
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony J Sinskey
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stacy L Springs
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard D Braatz
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Wu R, Kahl DM, Kloberdanz R, Rohilla KJ, Balasubramanian S. Demonstration of a robust high cell density transient CHO platform yielding mAb titers of up to 2 g/L without medium exchange. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3435. [PMID: 38329375 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals like therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other derived proteins are popular for treating various diseases. Transient gene expression (TGE) is typically used as a fast yet efficient method to generate moderate amounts of material. It has been used to support early stage research and discovery processes. Introduction of a robust high yielding and predictive TGE platform in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) is crucial. It maintains the consistency in cell lines and processes throughout the early drug discovery and downstream manufacturing processes. This helps researchers to identify the issues at an early stage for timely resolution. In this study, we have demonstrated a simple high-titer platform for TGE in CHO based on a dilution process of seeding cells. We achieved titers ranging from 0.8 to 1.9 g/L for eight model mAbs at three scales (1, 30, 100 mL) in 10 days using our new platform. The ability to seed by dilution significantly streamlined the process and dramatically enhanced platform throughput. We observed a modest reduction in titer ranging from 11% to 28% when cells were seeded using dilution compared to when cells were seeded using medium exchange. Further studies revealed that carry over of spent medium into transfection negatively affected the DNA uptake and transcription processes, while the translation and secretion was minimally impacted. In summary, our transient CHO platform using cells prepared by dilution at high densities can achieve high titers of up to 1.9 g/L, which can be further improved by targeting the bottlenecks of transfection and transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigumula Wu
- Department of Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations, Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Danielle M Kahl
- Department of Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations, Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ronald Kloberdanz
- Department of Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations, Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kushal J Rohilla
- Department of Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations, Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sowmya Balasubramanian
- Department of Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations, Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, California, USA
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3
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Gaudry JP, Aebi A, Valdés P, Schneider BL. Production and Purification of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors (AAVs) Using Orbitally Shaken HEK293 Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2810:55-74. [PMID: 38926272 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3878-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Here, we describe methods for the production of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors by transient transfection of HEK293 cells grown in serum-free medium using orbital shaken bioreactors and the subsequent purification of vector particles. The protocol for expression of AAV components is based on polyethyleneimine (PEI)-mediated transfection of a three-plasmid system and is specified for production in milliliter-to-liter scales. After PEI and plasmid DNA (pDNA) complex formation, the diluted cell culture is transfected without a prior concentration step or medium exchange. Following a 7-day batch process, cell cultures are further processed using a set of methods for cell lysis and vector recovery. Methods for the purification of viral particles are described, including immunoaffinity and anion-exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration, as well as digital PCR to quantify the concentration of vector particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Gaudry
- Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aline Aebi
- Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pamela Valdés
- Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernard L Schneider
- Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- NeuroX Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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4
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Yoon C, Baek KE, Kim D, Lee GM. Mitigating transcriptional bottleneck using a constitutively active transcription factor, VP16-CREB, in mammalian cells. Metab Eng 2023; 80:33-44. [PMID: 37709006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
High-level expression of recombinant proteins in mammalian cells has long been an area of interest. Inefficient transcription machinery is often an obstacle in achieving high-level expression of recombinant proteins in mammalian cells. Synthetic promoters have been developed to improve the transcription efficiency, but have achieved limited success due to the limited availability of transcription factors (TFs). Here, we present a TF-engineering approach to mitigate the transcriptional bottlenecks of recombinant proteins. This includes: (i) identification of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) as a candidate TF by searching for TFs enriched in the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-driven high-producing recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cell lines via transcriptome analysis, (ii) confirmation of transcriptional limitation of active CREB in rCHO cell lines, and (iii) direct activation of the transgene promoter by expressing constitutively active CREB at non-cytotoxic levels in rCHO cell lines. With the expression of constitutively active VP16-CREB, the production of therapeutic proteins, such as monoclonal antibody and etanercept, in CMV promoter-driven rCHO cell lines was increased up to 3.9-fold. VP16-CREB was also used successfully with synthetic promoters containing cAMP response elements. Taken together, this strategy to introduce constitutively active TFs into cells is a useful means of overcoming the transcriptional limitations in recombinant mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansik Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Eun Baek
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongil Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Chytła A, Gajdzik-Nowak W, Biernatowska A, Sikorski AF, Czogalla A. High-Level Expression of Palmitoylated MPP1 Recombinant Protein in Mammalian Cells. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11090715. [PMID: 34564532 PMCID: PMC8470630 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies have pointed to an important role of the MAGUK family member, MPP1, as a crucial molecule interacting with flotillins and involved in the lateral organization of the erythroid plasma membrane. The palmitoylation of MPP1 seems to be an important element in this process; however, studies on the direct effect of palmitoylation on protein–protein or protein–membrane interactions in vitro are still challenging due to the difficulties in obtaining functional post-translationally modified recombinant proteins and the lack of comprehensive protocols for the purification of palmitoylated proteins. In this work, we present an optimized approach for the high-yield overexpression and purification of palmitoylated recombinant MPP1 protein in mammalian HEK-293F cells. The presented approach facilitates further studies on the molecular mechanism of lateral membrane organization and the functional impact of the palmitoylation of MPP1, which could also be carried out for other palmitoylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chytła
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (W.G.-N.)
| | - Weronika Gajdzik-Nowak
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (W.G.-N.)
| | - Agnieszka Biernatowska
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (W.G.-N.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.C.); Tel.: +48-7-1375-417 (A.B.); +48-7-1375-6356 (A.C.)
| | - Aleksander F. Sikorski
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-154 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (W.G.-N.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.C.); Tel.: +48-7-1375-417 (A.B.); +48-7-1375-6356 (A.C.)
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6
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Capella Roca B, Lao NT, Clynes M, Doolan P. Investigation and circumvention of transfection inhibition by ferric ammonium citrate in serum-free media for Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2954. [PMID: 31850663 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
While reliable transfection methods are essential for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line engineering, reduced transfection efficiencies have been observed in several commercially prepared media. In this study, we aimed to assess common media additives that impede efficiency mediated by three chemical transfection agents: liposomal-based (Lipofectamine 2000), polymer-based (TransIT-X2), and lipopolyplex-based (TransIT-PRO). An in-house GFP-expressing vector and serum-free medium (BCR-F12: developed for the purposes of this study) were used to analyze transient transfection efficiencies of three CHO cell lines (CHO-K1, DG44, DP12). Compared to a selection of commercially available media, BCR-F12 displayed challenges associated with transfection in vendor-prepared formulations, with no detection when liposomal-based methods were used, reduced (<3%) efficiency observed when polymer-based methods were used and only limited efficiency (25%) with lipopolyplexes. Following a stepwise removal protocol, ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) was identified as the critical factor impeding transfection, with transfection enabled with the liposomal- and polymer-based methods and a 1.3- to 7-fold increased lipopolyplex efficiency observed in all cell lines in FAC-depleted media (-FAC), although lower viabilities were observed. Subsequent early addition of FAC (0.5-5 hr post-transfection) revealed 0.5 hr post-transfection as the optimal time to supplement in order to achieve transfection efficiencies similar to -FAC medium while retaining optimal cellular viabilities. In conclusion, FAC was observed to interfere with DNA transfection acting at early stages in all transfection agents and all cell lines studied, and a practical strategy to circumvent this problem is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Capella Roca
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,SSPC-SFI Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Nga T Lao
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,SSPC-SFI Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Padraig Doolan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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7
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Bala Bhaskara Rao K, Katragunta K, Sarma UM, Jain N. Abundance of
d
‐2‐hydroxyglutarate in G2/M is determined by FOXM1 in mutant IDH1‐expressing cells. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2177-2193. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kancharana Bala Bhaskara Rao
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) New Delhi India
| | - Kumar Katragunta
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
| | - Uma Maheswara Sarma
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
| | - Nishant Jain
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) New Delhi India
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8
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Arena TA, Chou B, Harms PD, Wong AW. An anti-apoptotic HEK293 cell line provides a robust and high titer platform for transient protein expression in bioreactors. MAbs 2019; 11:977-986. [PMID: 30907238 PMCID: PMC6601552 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1598230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HEK293 transient expression systems are used to quickly generate proteins for research and pre-clinical studies. With the aim of engineering a high-producing host that grows and transfects robustly in bioreactors, we deleted the pro-apoptotic genes Bax and Bak in an HEK293 cell line. The HEK293 Bax Bak double knock-out (HEK293 DKO) cell line exhibited resistance to apoptosis and shear stress. HEK293 DKO cells sourced from 2 L seed train bioreactors were most productive when a pH setpoint of 7.0, a narrow pH deadband of ±0.03, and a DO setpoint of 30% were used. HEK293 DKO seed train cells cultivated for up to 60 days in a 35 L bioreactor showed similar productivities to cells cultivated in shake flasks. To optimize HEK293 DKO transfection cultures, we first evaluated different pH and agitation parameters in ambr15 microbioreactors before scaling up to 10 L wavebag bioreactors. In ambr15 microbioreactors with a pH setpoint of 7.0, a wide pH deadband of ±0.3, and an agitation of 630 rpm, HEK293 DKO transient cultures yielded antibody titers up to 650 mg/L in 7 days. The optimal ambr15 conditions prompted us to operate the 10 L wavebag transfection without direct pH control to mimic the wide pH deadband ranges. The HEK293 DKO transfection process produces high titers at all scales tested. Combined, our optimized HEK293 DKO 35 L bioreactor seed train and 10 L high titer transient processes support efficient, large-scale recombinant protein production for research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia A Arena
- Department of Cell Culture, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bernice Chou
- Department of Cell Culture, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter D. Harms
- Department of Cell Culture, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Athena W. Wong
- Department of Cell Culture, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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9
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Blessing D, Vachey G, Pythoud C, Rey M, Padrun V, Wurm FM, Schneider BL, Déglon N. Scalable Production of AAV Vectors in Orbitally Shaken HEK293 Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 13:14-26. [PMID: 30591923 PMCID: PMC6305802 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are currently among the most commonly applied for in vivo gene therapy approaches. The evaluation of vectors during clinical development requires the production of considerable amounts of highly pure and potent vectors. Here, we set up a scalable process for AAV production, using orbitally shaken bioreactors and a fully characterized suspension-adapted cell line, HEKExpress. We conducted a proof-of-concept production of AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 vectors using HEKExpress cells. Furthermore, we compared the production of AAV2/9 vectors using this suspension cell line to classical protocols based on adherent HEK293 cells to demonstrate bioequivalence in vitro and in vivo. Following upstream processing, we purified vectors via gradient centrifugation and immunoaffinity chromatography. The in vitro characterization revealed differences due to the purification method, as well as the transfection protocol and the corresponding HEK293 cell line. The purification method and cell line used also affected in vivo transduction efficiency after bilateral injection of AAV2/9 vectors expressing a GFP reporter fused with a nuclear localization signal (AAV2/9-CBA-nlsGFP) into the striatum of adult mice. These results show that AAV vectors deriving from suspension HEKExpress cells are bioequivalent and may exhibit higher potency than vectors produced with adherent HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Blessing
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurosciences Research Center (CRN), Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Vachey
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurosciences Research Center (CRN), Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Pythoud
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurosciences Research Center (CRN), Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Rey
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurosciences Research Center (CRN), Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vivianne Padrun
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian M. Wurm
- ExcellGene SA, 1870 Monthey, Switzerland
- Faculty of Life Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EFPL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard L. Schneider
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding author: Bernard Schneider, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurosciences Research Center (CRN), Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding author: Nicole Déglon, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Avenue de Beaumont, Pavillon 3, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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10
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Optimising the transient expression of GABA(A) receptors in adherent HEK293 cells. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 154:7-15. [PMID: 30248449 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their therapeutic relevance, considerable efforts are devoted to the structural characterisation of membrane proteins. Such studies are limited by the availability of high quality protein due to the difficulty of overexpression in recombinant mammalian systems. We sought to systematically optimise multiple aspects in the process of transiently transfecting HEK293 cells, to allow the rapid expression of membrane proteins, without the lengthy process of stable clone formation. We assessed the impact of medium formulation, cell line, and harvest time on the expression of GABAA receptors, as determined by [3H]muscimol binding in cell membranes. Furthermore, transfection with the use of calcium phosphate/polyethyleneimine multishell nanoparticles was optimised, and a dual vector system utilising viral enhancing elements was designed and implemented. These efforts resulted in a 40-fold improvement in GABAA α1β3 receptor expression, providing final yields of 22 fmol/cm2. The findings from this work provide a guide to the optimisation of transient expression of proteins in mammalian cells and should assist in the structural characterisation of membrane proteins.
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11
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Abstract
Here we describe methods for the production of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors by transient transfection of HEK293 cells grown in serum-free medium in orbital shaken bioreactors and the subsequent purification of vector particles. The protocol for expression of AAV components is based on polyethyleneimine (PEI) mediated transfection of a 2-plasmid system and is specified for production in milliliter to liter scales. After PEI and plasmid DNA (pDNA) complex formation the diluted cell culture is transfected without a prior concentration step or medium exchange. Following a 3-day batch process, cell cultures are further processed using different methods for lysis and recovery. Methods for the purification of viral particles are described, including iodixanol gradient purification, immunoaffinity chromatography, and ultrafiltration, as well as quantitative PCR to quantify vector titer.
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12
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Silva MM, Gomes-Alves P, Rosa S, Simão D, Inácio JM, Peixoto C, Serra M, Belo JA, Alves PM. Full-length human CCBE1 production and purification: leveraging bioprocess development for high quality glycosylation attributes and functionality. J Biotechnol 2018; 285:6-14. [PMID: 30165116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Collagen and calcium-binding EGF domain-1 (CCBE1) is a secreted protein critical for lymphatic/cardiac vascular development and regeneration. However, the low efficient production of the recombinant full-length CCBE1 (rCCBE1) has been a setback for functional studies and therapeutic applications using this protein. The main goal of this work was to implement a robust bioprocess for efficient production of glycosylated rCCBE1. Different bioprocess strategies were combined with proteomic tools for process/product characterization, evaluating the impact of process parameters on cell performance, rCCBE1 production and quality. We have shown that rCCBE1 volumetric yield was positively correlated with higher cell density at transfection (HDT), and under these conditions the secreted protein presented a mature glycosylated profile (complex N-glycans). Mild hypothermia was also applied to HDT condition that resulted in enhanced cell viability; however an enrichment of immature rCCBE1 variants was detected. Mass spectrometry-based tools allowed the identification of rCCBE1 peptides confirming protein identity in the affinity chromatography enriched product. rCCBE1 biological activity was validated by in vitro angiogenesis assay, where enhanced vessel formation was observed. Herein, we report a step forward in the production and characterization of human glycosylated rCCBE1, amenable for in vitro and in vivo studies to explore its regenerative therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M Silva
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal; Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Gomes-Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sara Rosa
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Daniel Simão
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José M Inácio
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José A Belo
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Gutiérrez-Granados S, Cervera L, Kamen AA, Gòdia F. Advancements in mammalian cell transient gene expression (TGE) technology for accelerated production of biologics. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:918-940. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1419459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gutiérrez-Granados
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Amine A. Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Cervera L, González-Domínguez I, Segura MM, Gòdia F. Intracellular characterization of Gag VLP production by transient transfection of HEK 293 cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2507-2517. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de Bellaterra; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Irene González-Domínguez
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de Bellaterra; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - María Mercedes Segura
- Bluebird Bio Inc., Pharmaceutical Sciences; Vector Process Development Manufacturing Group; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de Bellaterra; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
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15
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Hansen HG, Pristovšek N, Kildegaard HF, Lee GM. Improving the secretory capacity of Chinese hamster ovary cells by ectopic expression of effector genes: Lessons learned and future directions. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:64-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Román R, Miret J, Scalia F, Casablancas A, Lecina M, Cairó JJ. Enhancing heterologous protein expression and secretion in HEK293 cells by means of combination of CMV promoter and IFNα2 signal peptide. J Biotechnol 2016; 239:57-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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17
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Versatile microscale screening platform for improving recombinant protein productivity in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18016. [PMID: 26657798 PMCID: PMC4676018 DOI: 10.1038/srep18016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used as cell factories for the production of biopharmaceuticals. In contrast to the highly optimized production processes for monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based biopharmaceuticals, improving productivity of non-mAb therapeutic glycoproteins is more likely to reduce production costs significantly. The aim of this study was to establish a versatile target gene screening platform for improving productivity for primarily non-mAb glycoproteins with complete interchangeability of model proteins and target genes using transient expression. The platform consists of four techniques compatible with 96-well microplates: lipid-based transient transfection, cell cultivation in microplates, cell counting and antibody-independent product titer determination based on split-GFP complementation. We were able to demonstrate growth profiles and volumetric productivity of CHO cells in 96-half-deepwell microplates comparable with those obtained in shake flasks. In addition, we demonstrate that split-GFP complementation can be used to accurately measure relative titers of therapeutic glycoproteins. Using this platform, we were able to detect target gene-specific increase in titer and specific productivity of two non-mAb glycoproteins. In conclusion, the platform provides a novel miniaturized and parallelisable solution for screening target genes and holds the potential to unravel genes that can enhance the secretory capacity of CHO cells.
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18
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Wongrakpanich A, Wu M, Salem AK. Correlating intracellular nonviral polyplex localization with transfection efficiency using high-content screening. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1685-92. [PMID: 26193826 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
High-content screening (HCS) has gained interest in cellular imaging because of its ability to provide statistically significant data from multiple parameters simultaneously in cell-based assays. Although HCS has been mainly used in drug discovery, it has other potentially useful applications, such as elucidating the processes involved in nonviral gene vector-mediated gene delivery, as was explored in this study. HCS was used to measure transfection efficiency and cytotoxicities of polyplexes made from fluorescently labeled polyethylenimine (PEI) and pDNA encoding EGFP (pEGFP-N1). The results generated using HCS were confirmed using more conventional and labor-intensive methods. For the first time, a relationship between transfected cells and the number of polyplexes in the cytoplasm was shown. Four to five polyplex signals were found in the cytoplasm of successfully transfected cells, whilst nontransfected cells harbored less than one polyplex signal within the cytoplasm. HCS has the potential to be used as a tool in the field of gene delivery. HCS can not only simultaneously measure transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of various nonviral gene vectors; it can also be used to track such vectors through various subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaraporn Wongrakpanich
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241
| | - Meng Wu
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241.,The University of Iowa, High Throughput Screening Facility (UIHTS), College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241
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Rajendra Y, Balasubramanian S, Kiseljak D, Baldi L, Wurm FM, Hacker DL. Enhanced plasmid DNA utilization in transiently transfected CHO-DG44 cells in the presence of polar solvents. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1571-8. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yashas Rajendra
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC); École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Sowmya Balasubramanian
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC); École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Divor Kiseljak
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC); École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Lucia Baldi
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC); École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Florian M. Wurm
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC); École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - David L. Hacker
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC) and Protein Expression Core Facility (PECF); École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
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Rajendra Y, Hougland MD, Schmitt MG, Barnard GC. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional targeting for enhanced transient gene expression in CHO cells. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:2379-86. [PMID: 26298077 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a simple approach to increase titers of transient gene expression in CHO cells without relying on host cell line engineering as recent reports suggest that for PEI-mediated transfections, under optimized conditions, DNA delivery into cells and nuclei is not the limiting factor. RESULTS N, N-Dimethyl acetamide (DMA) was utilized to enhance transcription. To target post-transcriptional events, we evaluated the co-expression of various genes involved in the unfolded protein response, namely XBP1S, ATF4, CHOP and HSPA5. XBP1S overexpression led to a 15-85 % increase in titer for multiple therapeutic proteins. Mechanistic studies confirmed that addition of 0.125 % DMA increased transgene mRNA levels as expected. However, overexpression of XBP1S had no effect on transgene mRNA levels, indicating that it influenced post-transcriptional events. Since DMA and XBP1S targeted different pathways, the combination of the two approaches led to an additive improvement in protein titer (150-250 % titer increase). CONCLUSION Transcriptional and post-transcriptional pathways of transient gene expression can be targeted to increase titers without resorting to host cell line engineering in a simple, short, 7 day production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashas Rajendra
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Maria D Hougland
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Matthew G Schmitt
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Gavin C Barnard
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA.
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