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Pérez-Rubio P, Lavado-García J, Bosch-Molist L, Romero EL, Cervera L, Gòdia F. Extracellular vesicle depletion and UGCG overexpression mitigate the cell density effect in HEK293 cell culture transfection. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101190. [PMID: 38327808 PMCID: PMC10847930 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The hitherto unexplained reduction of cell-specific productivity in transient gene expression (TGE) at high cell density (HCD) is known as the cell density effect (CDE). It currently represents a major challenge in TGE-based bioprocess intensification. This phenomenon has been largely reported, but the molecular principles governing it are still unclear. The CDE is currently understood to be caused by the combination of an unknown inhibitory compound in the extracellular medium and an uncharacterized cellular change at HCD. This study investigates the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as extracellular inhibitors for transfection through the production of HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles (VLPs) via transient transfection in HEK293 cells. EV depletion from the extracellular medium restored transfection efficiency in conditions that suffer from the CDE, also enhancing VLP budding and improving production by 60%. Moreover, an alteration in endosomal formation was observed at HCD, sequestering polyplexes and preventing transfection. Overexpression of UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) enzyme removed intracellular polyplex sequestration, improving transfection efficiency. Combining EV depletion and UGCG overexpression improved transfection efficiency by ∼45% at 12 × 106 cells/mL. These results suggest that the interaction between polyplexes and extracellular and intracellular vesicles plays a crucial role in the CDE, providing insights for the development of strategies to mitigate its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Pérez-Rubio
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Bosch-Molist
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elianet Lorenzo Romero
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Cervera L, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A. Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides Fail to Induce Leucocyte Innate Immune Functions but Elicit Opposing Transcriptomic Profiles in European Sea Bass and Gilthead Seabream. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:86. [PMID: 38393057 PMCID: PMC10889969 DOI: 10.3390/md22020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising molecules in diverse fields, including aquaculture. AMPs possess lytic effects on a wide range of pathogens, resulting in a potential replacement for traditional antimicrobials in aquaculture. In addition, they also have modulatory effects on host immune responses. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the immunomodulatory capability of three known synthetic AMPs derived from European sea bass, NK-lysin (Nkl), hepcidin (Hamp), and dicentracin (Dic), in head-kidney cell suspensions from European sea bass and gilthead seabream. The tested peptides were neither cytotoxic for European sea bass nor gilthead seabream cells and failed to modulate the respiratory burst and phagocytosis activities. However, they modified the pattern of transcription of immune-related genes differently in both species. Peptides were able to promote the expression of marker genes for anti-inflammatory (il10), antiviral (mx, irf3), cell-mediated cytotoxicity (nccrp1, gzmb), and antibody responses (ighm) in European sea bass, with the Nkl peptide being the most effective. Contrary to this, the effects of those peptides on gilthead seabream mainly resulted in the suppression of immune responses. To conclude, European sea bass-derived peptides can be postulated as potential tools for immunostimulation in European sea bass fish farms, but more efforts are required for their universal use in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cervera
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.C.); (A.C.)
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.C.); (A.C.)
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García-Álvarez MA, Cervera L, Valero Y, González-Fernández C, Mercado L, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A. Regulation and distribution of European sea bass perforins point to their role in the adaptive cytotoxic response against NNV. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 144:109244. [PMID: 38000653 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity is a complex immune mechanism that involves the release of several killing molecules, being perforin (PRF) one of the most important effector players. Perforin is synthesized by T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in mammals and responsible for the formation of pores on the target cell membrane during the killing process. Although perforin has been extensively studied in higher vertebrates, this knowledge is very limited in fish. Therefore, in this study we have identified four prf genes in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and evaluated their mRNA levels. All sea bass prf genes showed the typical and conserved domains of its human orthologue and were closely clustered by the phylogenetic analysis. In addition, all genes showed constitutive and ubiquitous tissular expression, being prf1.9 gene the most highly expressed in immune tissues. Subsequently, in vitro stimulation of head-kidney (HK) cells with phytohemagglutinin, a T-cell activator, showed an increase of all prf gene levels, except for prf1.3 gene. European sea bass HK cells increased the transcription of prf1.2 and prf1.9 during the innate cell-mediated cytotoxic activity against xenogeneic target cells. In addition, sea bass infected with nodavirus (NNV) showed a similar expression pattern of all prf in HK and brain at 15 days post-infection, except for prf1.3 gene and in the gonad. Finally, the use of a polyclonal antibody against PRF1.9 showed an increase of positive cells in HK, brain and gonad from NNV-infected fish. Taken together, the data seem to indicate that all prf genes, except prf1.3, appear to be involved in the European sea bass immunity, and probably in the cell-mediated cytotoxic response, with PRF1.9 playing the most important role against nodavirus. The involvement of the PRFs and the CMC activity in the vertical transmission success of the virus is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A García-Álvarez
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Carretera de la Azohía s/n. 30860, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Carretera de la Azohía s/n. 30860, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yulema Valero
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Fernández
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Carretera de la Azohía s/n. 30860, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Boix-Besora A, Gòdia F, Cervera L. Gag Virus-like Particles Functionalized with SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Generation, Characterization and Recognition by COVID-19 Convalescent Patients' Sera. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1641. [PMID: 38005972 PMCID: PMC10675557 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The robustness, safety, versatility, and high immunogenicity of virus-like particles (VLPs) make them a promising approach for the generation of vaccines against a broad range of pathogens. VLPs are recombinant macromolecular structures that closely mimic the native conformation of viruses without carrying viral genetic material. Particularly, HIV-1 Gag-based VLPs are a suitable platform for the presentation of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein on their surface. In this context, this work studies the effect of different rationally engineered mutations of the S protein to improve some of its characteristics. The studied variants harbored mutations such as proline substitutions for S stabilization, D614G from the early dominant pandemic form, the elimination of the S1/S2 furin cleavage site to improve S homogeneity, the suppression of a retention motif to favor its membrane localization, and cysteine substitutions to increase its immunogenicity and avoid potential undesired antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effects. The influence of the mutations on VLP expression was studied, as well as their immunogenic potential, by testing the recognition of the generated VLP variants by COVID-19 convalescent patients' sera. The results of this work are conceived to give insights on the selection of S protein candidates for their use as immunogens and to showcase the potential of VLPs as carriers for antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Boix-Besora
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada ENG4BIO, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Lorenzo E, Miranda L, Gòdia F, Cervera L. Downstream process design for Gag HIV-1 based virus-like particles. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2672-2684. [PMID: 37148527 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles-based vaccines have been gaining interest in recent years. The manufacturing of these particles includes their production by cell culture followed by their purification to meet the requirements of its final use. The presence of host cell extracellular vesicles represents a challenge for better virus-like particles purification, because both share similar characteristics which hinders their separation. The present study aims to compare some of the most used downstream processing technologies for capture and purification of virus-like particles. Four steps of the purification process were studied, including a clarification step by depth filtration and filtration, an intermediate step by tangential flow filtration or multimodal chromatography, a capture step by ion exchange, heparin affinity and hydrophobic interaction chromatography and finally, a polishing step by size exclusion chromatography. In each step, the yields were evaluated by percentage of recovery of the particles of interest, purity, and elimination of main contaminants. Finally, a complete purification train was implemented using the best results obtained in each step. A final concentration of 1.40 × 1010 virus-like particles (VLPs)/mL with a purity of 64% after the polishing step was achieved, with host cell DNA and protein levels complaining with regulatory standards, and an overall recovery of 38%. This work has resulted in the development of a purification process for HIV-1 Gag-eGFP virus-like particles suitable for scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elianet Lorenzo
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laia Miranda
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Tarrés-Freixas F, Aguilar-Gurrieri C, Rodríguez de la Concepción ML, Urrea V, Trinité B, Ortiz R, Pradenas E, Blanco P, Marfil S, Molinos-Albert LM, Barajas A, Pons-Grífols A, Ávila-Nieto C, Varela I, Cervera L, Gutiérrez-Granados S, Segura MM, Gòdia F, Clotet B, Carrillo J, Blanco J. An engineered HIV-1 Gag-based VLP displaying high antigen density induces strong antibody-dependent functional immune responses. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:51. [PMID: 37024469 PMCID: PMC10077320 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen display on the surface of Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) improves immunogenicity compared to soluble proteins. We hypothesised that immune responses can be further improved by increasing the antigen density on the surface of VLPs. In this work, we report an HIV-1 Gag-based VLP platform engineered to maximise the presence of antigen on the VLP surface. An HIV-1 gp41-derived protein (Min), including the C-terminal part of gp41 and the transmembrane domain, was fused to HIV-1 Gag. This resulted in high-density MinGag-VLPs. These VLPs demonstrated to be highly immunogenic in animal models using either a homologous (VLP) or heterologous (DNA/VLP) vaccination regimen, with the latter yielding 10-fold higher anti-Gag and anti-Min antibody titres. Despite these strong humoral responses, immunisation with MinGag-VLPs did not induce neutralising antibodies. Nevertheless, antibodies were predominantly of an IgG2b/IgG2c profile and could efficiently bind CD16-2. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MinGag-VLP vaccination could mediate a functional effect and halt the progression of a Min-expressing tumour cell line in an in vivo mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Tarrés-Freixas
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - Victor Urrea
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Benjamin Trinité
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raquel Ortiz
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Edwards Pradenas
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pau Blanco
- Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia (CMCiB), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sílvia Marfil
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Molinos-Albert
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Barajas
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Pons-Grífols
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Ávila-Nieto
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ismael Varela
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel•lular i Bioprocessos, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sònia Gutiérrez-Granados
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel•lular i Bioprocessos, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Mercedes Segura
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel•lular i Bioprocessos, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel•lular i Bioprocessos, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain.
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Cervera L, González-Fernández C, Cano D, Esteban MÁ, Mercado L, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A. Immunity elicited by AMP-encoding plasmids fails to increase the protection of European sea bass against nodavirus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 132:108507. [PMID: 36581252 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a potent arm of the innate immune system that can directly kill pathogens and induce immunomodulation. In the marine aquaculture, European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) is one of the most prosperous species but is highly susceptible to nodavirus (NNV), which produces high rates of mortality in larvae and juvenile stages. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether AMPs exert immunomodulatory and/or NNV-preventive actions in sea bass. To do this, plasmids encoding the sea bass AMPs dicentracin (pDIC), beta-defensin (pDB1), hepcidin (pHAMP2) or NK-lysin (pNKL) were generated and intramuscularly injected into sea bass juveniles to evaluate their immunomodulatory and anti-NNV roles. Sea bass muscle transcribes the AMPs and produces an increase in their circulating levels, along with an increase of the antibacterial activity. Immune-related gene analysis revealed a great activation of the inflammatory response and the recruitment of neutrophilic granulocytes at the site of injection. However, AMP-encoding plasmids, namely pHAMP2, negatively affected to NNV disease by increasing fish mortality. In conclusion, plasmids encoding AMPs show immunostimulatory effects on European sea bass but do not improve the resistance to NNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cervera
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Fernández
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniela Cano
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Spanish National Research Council (IEO-CSIC), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Vallès M, Romero C, Cervera L, Albu S. Microorganismos multirresistentes en un hospital monográfico de rehabilitación neurológica. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Vallès M, Romero C, Cervera L, Albu S. Multidrug resistant bacteria in a neurological rehabilitation hospital. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2022; 40:405-407. [PMID: 35550365 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Cervera
- Institut Guttmann, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Universitari Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergiu Albu
- Institut Guttmann, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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Lavado-García J, Pérez-Rubio P, Cervera L, Gòdia F. The cell density effect in animal cell-based bioprocessing: Questions, insights and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108017. [PMID: 35809763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in the development of bioprocesses based on cell transient expression is the commonly reported reduction of cell specific productivity at increasing cell densities. This is generally known as the cell density effect (CDE). Many efforts have been devoted to understanding the cell metabolic implications to this phenomenon in an attempt to design operational strategies to overcome it. A comprehensive analysis of the main studies regarding the CDE is provided in this work to better define the elements comprising its cause and impact. Then, examples of methodologies and approaches employed to achieve successful transient expression at high cell densities (HCD) are thoroughly reviewed. A critical assessment of the limitations of the reported studies in the understanding of the CDE is presented, covering the leading hypothesis of the molecular implications. The overall analysis of previous work on CDE may offer useful insights for further research into manufacturing of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Pol Pérez-Rubio
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Boix-Besora A, Lorenzo E, Lavado-García J, Gòdia F, Cervera L. Optimization, Production, Purification and Characterization of HIV-1 GAG-Based Virus-like Particles Functionalized with SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020250. [PMID: 35214708 PMCID: PMC8874421 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) constitute a promising approach to recombinant vaccine development. They are robust, safe, versatile and highly immunogenic supra-molecular structures that closely mimic the native conformation of viruses without carrying their genetic material. HIV-1 Gag VLPs share similar characteristics with wild-type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, making them a suitable platform for the expression of its spike membrane protein to generate a potential vaccine candidate for COVID-19. This work proposes a methodology for the generation of SARS-CoV-2 VLPs by their co-expression with HIV-1 Gag protein. We achieved VLP functionalization with coronavirus spike protein, optimized its expression using a design of experiments (DoE). We also performed the bioprocess at a bioreactor scale followed by a scalable downstream purification process consisting of two clarifications, an ion exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The whole production process is conceived to enhance its transferability at current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) industrial scale manufacturing. Moreover, the approach proposed could be expanded to produce additional Gag-based VLPs against different diseases or COVID-19 variants.
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12
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Lavado-García J, Zhang T, Cervera L, Gòdia F, Wuhrer M. Differential N- and O-glycosylation signatures of HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles and coproduced extracellular vesicles. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1207-1221. [PMID: 35112714 PMCID: PMC9303603 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanostructures derived from the self-assembly and cell budding of Gag polyprotein. Mimicking the native structure of the virus and being non-infectious, they represent promising candidates for the development of new vaccines as they elicit a strong immune response. In addition to this, the bounding membrane can be functionalized with exogenous antigens to target different diseases. Protein glycosylation depends strictly on the production platform and expression system used and the displayed glycosylation patterns may influence down-stream processing as well as the immune response. One of the main challenges for the development of Gag VLP production bioprocess is the separation of VLPs and coproduced extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this work, porous graphitized carbon separation method coupled with mass spectrometry was used to characterize the N- and O- glycosylation profiles of Gag VLPs produced in HEK293 cells. We identified differential glycan signatures between VLPs and EVs that could pave the way for further separation and purification strategies in order to optimize downstream processing and move forward in VLP-based vaccine production technology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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González-Domínguez I, Puente-Massaguer E, Lavado-García J, Cervera L, Gòdia F. Micrometric DNA/PEI polyplexes correlate with higher transient gene expression yields in HEK 293 cells. N Biotechnol 2022; 68:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Lavado-García J, Cervera L, Gòdia F. Corrigendum: An Alternative Perfusion Approach for the Intensification of Virus-Like Particle Production in HEK293 Cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:708773. [PMID: 34692651 PMCID: PMC8532804 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.708773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00617.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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González-Domínguez I, Lorenzo E, Bernier A, Cervera L, Gòdia F, Kamen A. A Four-Step Purification Process for Gag VLPs: From Culture Supernatant to High-Purity Lyophilized Particles. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101154. [PMID: 34696262 PMCID: PMC8539588 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gag-based virus-like particles (VLPs) have high potential as scaffolds for the development of chimeric vaccines and delivery strategies. The production of purified preparations that can be preserved independently from cold chains is highly desirable to facilitate distribution and access worldwide. In this work, a nimble purification has been developed, facilitating the production of Gag VLPs. Suspension-adapted HEK 293 cells cultured in chemically defined cell culture media were used to produce the VLPs. A four-step downstream process (DSP) consisting of membrane filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, polishing, and lyophilization was developed. The purification of VLPs from other contaminants such as host cell proteins (HCP), double-stranded DNA, or extracellular vesicles (EVs) was confirmed after their DSP. A concentration of 2.2 ± 0.8 × 109 VLPs/mL in the lyophilized samples was obtained after its storage at room temperature for two months. Morphology and structural integrity of purified VLPs was assessed by cryo-TEM and NTA. Likewise, the purification methodologies proposed here could be easily scaled up and applied to purify similar enveloped viruses and vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene González-Domínguez
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (E.L.); (L.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elianet Lorenzo
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (E.L.); (L.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Alice Bernier
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Laura Cervera
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (E.L.); (L.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (E.L.); (L.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Amine Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (A.B.); (A.K.)
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Lavado-García J, Jorge I, Boix-Besora A, Vázquez J, Gòdia F, Cervera L. Characterization of HIV-1 virus-like particles and determination of Gag stoichiometry for different production platforms. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2660-2675. [PMID: 33844274 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The importance of developing new vaccine technologies towards versatile platforms that can cope with global virus outbreaks has been evidenced with the most recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are a highly immunogenic, safe, and robust approach that can be used to base several vaccine candidates on. Particularly, HIV-1 Gag VLPs is a flexible system comprising a Gag core surrounded by a lipid bilayer that can be modified to present diverse types of membrane proteins or antigens against several diseases, like influenza, dengue, West Nile virus, or human papillomavirus, where it has been proven successful. The size distribution and structural characteristics of produced VLPs vary depending on the cell line used to produce them. In this study, we established an analytical method of characterization for the Gag protein core and clarified the current variability of Gag stoichiometry in HIV-1 VLPs depending on the cell-based production platform, directly determining the number of Gag molecules per VLP in each case. Three Gag peptides have been validated to quantify the number of monomers using parallel reaction monitoring, an accurate and fast, mass-spectrometry-based method that can be used to assess the quality of the produced Gag VLPs regardless of the cell line used. An average of 3617 ± 17 monomers per VLP was obtained for HEK293, substantially varying between platforms, including mammalian and insect cells. This offers a key advantage in quantification and quality control methods to characterize VLP production at a large scale to accelerate new recombinant vaccine production technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Vascular Physiopathology area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnau Boix-Besora
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Vascular Physiopathology area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Lavado-García J, Díaz-Maneh A, Canal-Paulí N, Pérez-Rubio P, Gòdia F, Cervera L. Metabolic engineering of HEK293 cells to improve transient transfection and cell budding of HIV-1 virus-like particles. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:1649-1663. [PMID: 33463716 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising candidates for the development of future vaccines. Recent viral outbreaks have manifested the need of robust vaccine production platforms able to adapt to new challenges while achieving mass production capacity. For the rapid production of VLPs, the method of transient gene expression (TGE) have proved highly efficient. Based on a previous characterization of the HEK293 cell line upon transient transfection using multiplexed quantitative proteomics, molecular production bottlenecks and metabolic pathways likely to be optimized were identified. In this study, these molecular components and metabolic pathways have been explored and modulated via transient metabolic engineering using approaches like design of experiments to fully exploit and optimize VLP production, transfection and budding efficiency. Upon overexpression of endosomal sorting complex required for transport accessory proteins like NEDD4L and CIT, VLP production increased 3.3 and 2.9-fold, respectively. Overexpression of glycosphingolipid precursor enzyme UGCG improved transfection efficiency by 17% and knocking-down the Gag-binding protein CNP improved 2.5-fold VLP specific productivity. Combining CNP inhibition and UGCG overexpression further improved budding efficiency by 37.3%. Modulating VLP production and accessory pathways like intracellular budding, demonstrated the potential of metabolic engineering to optimize and intensify the development of robust production platforms for future vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andy Díaz-Maneh
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Canal-Paulí
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Pérez-Rubio
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Lavado-García J, González-Domínguez I, Cervera L, Jorge I, Vázquez J, Gòdia F. Molecular Characterization of the Coproduced Extracellular Vesicles in HEK293 during Virus-Like Particle Production. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4516-4532. [PMID: 32975947 PMCID: PMC7640977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine therapies based on virus-like particles (VLPs) are currently in the spotlight due to their potential for generating high immunogenic responses while presenting fewer side effects than conventional vaccines. These self-assembled nanostructures resemble the native conformation of the virus but lack genetic material. They are becoming a promising platform for vaccine candidates against several diseases due to the ability of modifying their membrane with antigens from different viruses. The coproduction of extracellular vesicles (EVs) when producing VLPs is a key phenomenon currently still under study. In order to characterize this extracellular environment, a quantitative proteomics approach has been carried out. Three conditions were studied: non-transfected, transfected with an empty plasmid as control, and transfected with a plasmid coding for HIV-1 Gag polyprotein. A shift in EV biogenesis has been detected upon transfection, changing the production from large to small EVs. Another remarkable trait found was the presence of DNA being secreted within vesicles smaller than 200 nm. Studying the protein profile of these biological nanocarriers, it was observed that EVs were reflecting an overall energy homeostasis disruption via mitochondrial protein deregulation. Also, immunomodulatory proteins like ITGB1, ENO3, and PRDX5 were identified and quantified in VLP and EV fractions. These findings provide insight on the nature of the VLP extracellular environment defining the characteristics and protein profile of EVs, with potential to develop new downstream separation strategies or using them as adjuvants in viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup
d’Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola
del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene González-Domínguez
- Grup
d’Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola
del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup
d’Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola
del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- Laboratory
of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional
Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares
(CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Laboratory
of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional
Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares
(CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup
d’Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola
del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Lavado-García J, Cervera L, Gòdia F. An Alternative Perfusion Approach for the Intensification of Virus-Like Particle Production in HEK293 Cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:617. [PMID: 32637402 PMCID: PMC7318772 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have gained interest over the last years as recombinant vaccine formats, as they generate a strong immune response and present storage and distribution advantages compared to conventional vaccines. Therefore, VLPs are being regarded as potential vaccine candidates for several diseases. One requirement for their further clinical testing is the development of scalable processes and production platforms for cell-based viral particles. In this work, the extended gene expression (EGE) method, which consists in consecutive media replacements combined with cell retransfections, was successfully optimized and transferred to a bioreactor operating in perfusion. A process optimization using design of experiments (DoE) was carried out to obtain optimal values for the time of retransfection, the cell specific perfusion rate (CSPR) and transfected DNA concentration, improving 86.7% the previously reported EGE protocol in HEK293. Moreover, it was successfully implemented at 1.5L bioreactor using an ATF as cell retention system achieving concentrations of 6.8·1010 VLP/mL. VLP interaction with the ATF hollow fibers was studied via confocal microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis to design a bioprocess capable of separating unassembled Gag monomers and concentrate VLPs in one step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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González-Domínguez I, Puente-Massaguer E, Cervera L, Gòdia F. Quantification of the HIV-1 virus-like particle production process by super-resolution imaging: From VLP budding to nanoparticle analysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1929-1945. [PMID: 32242921 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) offer great promise in the field of nanomedicine. Enveloped VLPs are a class of these nanoparticles and their production process occurs by a budding process, which is known to be the most critical step at intracellular level. In this study, we developed a novel imaging method based on super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) to assess the generation of VLPs in living cells. This methodology was applied to study the production of Gag VLPs in three animal cell platforms of reference: HEK 293-transient gene expression (TGE), High Five-baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) and Sf9-BEVS. Quantification of the number of VLP assembly sites per cell ranged from 500 to 3,000 in the different systems evaluated. Although the BEVS was superior in terms of Gag polyprotein expression, the HEK 293-TGE platform was more efficient regarding the assembly of Gag as VLPs. This was translated into higher levels of non-assembled Gag monomer in BEVS harvested supernatants. Furthermore, the presence of contaminating nanoparticles was evidenced in all three systems, specifically in High Five cells. The SRFM-based method here developed was also successfully applied to measure the concentration of VLPs in crude supernatants. The lipid membrane of VLPs and the presence of nucleic acids alongside these nanoparticles could also be detected using common staining procedures. Overall, a complete picture of the VLP production process was achieved in these three production platforms. The robustness and sensitivity of this new approach broaden the applicability of SRFM toward the development of new detection, diagnosis and quantification methods based on confocal microscopy in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene González-Domínguez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eduard Puente-Massaguer
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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González-Domínguez I, Puente-Massaguer E, Cervera L, Gòdia F. Quality Assessment of Virus-Like Particles at Single Particle Level: A Comparative Study. Viruses 2020; 12:E223. [PMID: 32079288 PMCID: PMC7077327 DOI: 10.3390/v12020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as a powerful scaffold for antigen presentation and delivery strategies. Compared to single protein-based therapeutics, quality assessment requires a higher degree of refinement due to the structure of VLPs and their similar properties to extracellular vesicles (EVs). Advances in the field of nanotechnology with single particle and high-resolution analysis techniques provide appealing approaches to VLP characterization. In this study, six different biophysical methods have been assessed for the characterization of HIV-1-based VLPs produced in mammalian and insect cell platforms. Sample preparation and equipment set-up were optimized for the six strategies evaluated. Electron Microscopy (EM) disclosed the presence of several types of EVs within VLP preparations and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) resulted in the best technique to resolve the VLP ultrastructure. The use of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and flow virometry enabled the high throughput quantification of VLPs. Interestingly, differences in the determination of nanoparticle concentration were observed between techniques. Moreover, NTA and flow virometry allowed the quantification of both EVs and VLPs within the same experiment while analyzing particle size distribution (PSD), simultaneously. These results provide new insights into the use of different analytical tools to monitor the production of nanoparticle-based biologicals and their associated contaminants.
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Lavado-García J, Jorge I, Cervera L, Vázquez J, Gòdia F. Multiplexed Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of HEK293 Provides Insights into Molecular Changes Associated with the Cell Density Effect, Transient Transfection, and Virus-Like Particle Production. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1085-1099. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d’Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d’Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d’Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Cervera L, Gòdia F, Tarrés-Freixas F, Aguilar-Gurrieri C, Carrillo J, Blanco J, Gutiérrez-Granados S. Production of HIV-1-based virus-like particles for vaccination: achievements and limits. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7367-7384. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Pereira Aguilar P, González-Domínguez I, Schneider TA, Gòdia F, Cervera L, Jungbauer A. At-line multi-angle light scattering detector for faster process development in enveloped virus-like particle purification. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2640-2649. [PMID: 31169979 PMCID: PMC6771681 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
At‐line static light scattering and fluorescence monitoring allows direct in‐process tracking of fluorescent virus‐like particles. We have demonstrated this by coupling at‐line multi‐angle light scattering and fluorescence detectors to the downstream processing of enveloped virus‐like particles. Since light scattering intensity is directly proportional to particle concentration, our strategy allowed a swift identification of product containing fractions and rapid process development. Virus‐like particles containing the Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐1 Gag protein fused to the Green Fluorescence protein were produced in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells by transient transfection. A single‐column anion‐exchange chromatography method was used for direct capture and purification. The majority of host‐cell protein impurities passed through the column without binding. Virus‐like particles bound to the column were eluted by linear or step salt gradients. Particles recovered in the step gradient purification were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, size exclusion chromatography coupled to multi‐angle light scattering and fluorescence detectors and transmission electron microscopy. A total recovery of 66% for the fluorescent particles was obtained with a 50% yield in the main product peak. Virus‐like particles were concentrated 17‐fold to final a concentration of 4.45 × 1010 particles/mL. Simple buffers and operation make this process suitable for large scale purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene González-Domínguez
- Department d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Gòdia
- Department d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Department d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
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Puente-Massaguer E, Badiella L, Gutiérrez-Granados S, Cervera L, Gòdia F. A statistical approach to improve compound screening in cell culture media. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:315-327. [PMID: 32625011 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line is widely used for the production of recombinant proteins due to its high growing capacity and productivity, as well as other cell lines derived later than CHO. Adapting cell culture media for each specific cell line is a key to exploit these features for cost effective and fast product generation. Media supplementation is generally addressed by means of one-factor-at-a-time or classical design of experiments approaches but these techniques may not be efficient enough in preliminary screening phases. In this study, a novel strategy consisting in folding over the Plackett-Burman design was used to increase cell growth and trastuzumab production of different CHO cell lines through supplementation with nonanimal recombinant compounds. Synergies between compounds could be detected with a reduced number of experiments by using this methodology in comparison to more conventional fractional factorial designs. In the particular case reported here, the sequential use of this modified Plackett-Burman in combination with a Box-Behnken design led to a 1.5-fold increase in cell growth (10 × 106 cells/mL) and a two-fold in trastuzumab titer (122 mg/L) in suspension batch culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Puente-Massaguer
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental Campus Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Llorenç Badiella
- Servei d'Estadística Aplicada Campus Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Sonia Gutiérrez-Granados
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental Campus Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental Campus Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental Campus Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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González-Domínguez I, Grimaldi N, Cervera L, Ventosa N, Gòdia F. Impact of physicochemical properties of DNA/PEI complexes on transient transfection of mammalian cells. N Biotechnol 2019; 49:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Joshi PR, Cervera L, Ahmed I, Kondratov O, Zolotukhin S, Schrag J, Chahal PS, Kamen AA. Achieving High-Yield Production of Functional AAV5 Gene Delivery Vectors via Fedbatch in an Insect Cell-One Baculovirus System. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 13:279-289. [PMID: 30886878 PMCID: PMC6404649 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous advancements in production protocols, manufacturing AAV to meet exceptionally high demand (1016–1017 viral genomes [VGs]) in late clinical stages and for eventual systemic delivery poses significant challenges. Here, we report an efficient, simple, scalable, robust AAV5 production process utilizing the most recent modification of the OneBac platform. An increase in volumetric yield of genomic particles by ∼6-fold and functional particles by ∼20-fold was achieved by operating a high-cell-density process in shake flasks and bioreactors that involves an Sf9-based rep/cap stable cell line grown at a density of about 10 million cells/mL infected with a single baculovirus. The overall volumetric yields of genomic (VG) and bioactive particles (enhanced transducing units [ETUs]) in representative fedbatch bioreactor runs ranged from 2.5 to 3.5 × 1014 VG/L and from 1 to 2 × 1011 ETU/L. Analytical ultracentrifugation analyses of affinity-purified AAV vector samples from side-by-side batch and fedbatch production runs showed vector preparations with a full and empty particle distribution of 20%–30% genomic and 70%–80% empty particles. Moreover, the stoichiometric analysis of capsid proteins from fedbatch production in shake flask and bioreactor run samples demonstrated the incorporation of higher VP1 subunits, resulting in better functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav R.H. Joshi
- Viral Vectors and Vaccine Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Laura Cervera
- Viral Vectors and Vaccine Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed
- Viral Vectors and Vaccine Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Oleksandr Kondratov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Joseph Schrag
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Parminder S. Chahal
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Amine A. Kamen
- Viral Vectors and Vaccine Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
- Corresponding author: Amine Kamen, Viral Vectors and Vaccine Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada.
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González-Domínguez I, Cervera L, Gòdia F, Roldán M. Quantitative colocalization analysis of DNA delivery by PEI-mediated cationic polymers in mammalian cells. J Microsc 2018; 273:53-64. [PMID: 30295315 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although cationic polymers are widely used for DNA delivery, the relationship between the properties of the formed complexes and their biological activity is not fully understood. Here, we propose a novel procedure consisting of superresolved images coupled with quantitative colocalization to analyse DNA release in living cells. This work compares the different workflows available in a quantitative colocalization study of DNA delivery using polyethylenimine as transfection reagent. A nimble workflow with deconvolution in three-dimensional images was developed. Among the different colocalization coefficients, Manders' colocalization coefficient was the best to track the complexes. Results showed that DNA/polyethylenimine complexes were tightly interacting at the time of transfection and their disassembly was observed between 2 and 10 h after their uptake. Heterogenicity was found in the intracellular fate of each complex. At 24 h, some complexes were still present underneath the nuclear envelope. Overall, this study opens the door for particle tracking assessment with three-dimensional imaging at intracellular level. LAY DESCRIPTION: DNA delivery technologies in living cells are of high relevance in the biotechnology field. The transient expression of a gene of interest enables the production of a wide range of new therapeutic candidates for clinical purposes. However, the introduction of an exogenous DNA construct into a cell culture requires the use of certain vehicles that protect the DNA from host cell DNases and deliver it into the cell nucleus. From the different systems available, polyethylenimine (PEI) has been extensively used in transient gene expression strategies for the last three decades. However, the intracellular fate of the formed DNA/PEI complexes and the DNA release from the complexes is still poorly understood. In this work, we propose the application of combined superresolved images through mathematical deconvolution to colocalization studies of DNA/PEI complexes evolution in living mammalian cell cultures. Both specimens were covalently labelled with Cy3 and Cy5 dye, respectively, and the kinetics of its disassembly process within the cells was tracked over the time. Because of the specific features of the formed-complexes, a comparative study of the different colocalization coefficients was performed towards optimizing the analysis of these particles with confocal microscopy. Besides, the 3D imaging of the process allowed the direct visualization of a partial DNA/PEI complexes disassembly and the location of those complexes underneath the nuclear envelope during the cell production phase (24 h after the uptake).
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Affiliation(s)
- I González-Domínguez
- Department d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Cervera
- Department d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Gòdia
- Department d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Roldán
- Unitat de Microscòpia Confocal, Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Institut Pediàtric de Malalties Rares. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Araújo CVM, Griffith DM, Vera-Vera V, Jentzsch PV, Cervera L, Nieto-Ariza B, Salvatierra D, Erazo S, Jaramillo R, Ramos LA, Moreira-Santos M, Ribeiro R. A novel approach to assessing environmental disturbance based on habitat selection by zebra fish as a model organism. Sci Total Environ 2018; 619-620:906-915. [PMID: 29734636 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecotoxicity assays used to assess ecological risk assume that organisms living in a contaminated habitat are forcedly exposed to the contamination. This assumption neglects the ability of organisms to detect and avoid contamination by moving towards less disturbed habitats, as long as connectivity exists. In fluvial systems, many environmental parameters vary spatially and thus condition organisms' habitat selection. We assessed the preference of zebra fish (Danio rerio) when exposed to water samples from two western Ecuadorian rivers with apparently distinct disturbance levels: Pescadillo River (highly disturbed) and Oro River (moderately disturbed). Using a non-forced exposure system in which water samples from each river were arranged according to their spatial sequence in the field and connected to allow individuals to move freely among samples, we assayed habitat selection by D. rerio to assess environmental disturbance in the two rivers. Fish exposed to Pescadillo River samples preferred downstream samples near the confluence zone with the Oro River. Fish exposed to Oro River samples preferred upstream waters. When exposed to samples from both rivers simultaneously, fish exhibited the same pattern of habitat selection by preferring the Oro River samples. Given that the rivers are connected, preference for the Oro River enabled us to predict a depression in fish populations in the Pescadillo River. Although these findings indicate higher disturbance levels in the Pescadillo River, none of the physical-chemical variables measured was significantly correlated with the preference pattern towards the Oro River. Non-linear spatial patterns of habitat preference suggest that other environmental parameters like urban or agricultural contaminants play an important role in the model organism's habitat selection in these rivers. The non-forced exposure system represents a habitat selection-based approach that can serve as a valuable tool to unravel the factors that dictate organisms' spatial distribution in connected ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Daniel M Griffith
- Central Department of Research (DCI), Ecuadorian Aquatic Ecotoxicology (ECUACTOX) Group, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (ULEAM), Manta, Ecuador; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Loja, Ecuador
| | - Victoria Vera-Vera
- Central Department of Research (DCI), Ecuadorian Aquatic Ecotoxicology (ECUACTOX) Group, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (ULEAM), Manta, Ecuador
| | - Paul Vargas Jentzsch
- Departamento de Ciencias Nucleares, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, EC170525 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Laura Cervera
- Central Department of Research (DCI), Ecuadorian Aquatic Ecotoxicology (ECUACTOX) Group, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (ULEAM), Manta, Ecuador
| | - Beatriz Nieto-Ariza
- Central Department of Research (DCI), Ecuadorian Aquatic Ecotoxicology (ECUACTOX) Group, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (ULEAM), Manta, Ecuador
| | - David Salvatierra
- Central Department of Research (DCI), Ecuadorian Aquatic Ecotoxicology (ECUACTOX) Group, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (ULEAM), Manta, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Erazo
- Central Department of Research (DCI), Ecuadorian Aquatic Ecotoxicology (ECUACTOX) Group, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (ULEAM), Manta, Ecuador
| | - Rusbel Jaramillo
- Ecuadorian Agency for Quality Assurance in Agriculture, Agrocalidad, EC170184 Tumbaco, Ecuador
| | - Luis A Ramos
- Centro de Investigación de Alimentos, CIAL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, EC171029 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Matilde Moreira-Santos
- Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Ribeiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Fuenmayor J, Cervera L, Rigau C, Gòdia F. Enhancement of HIV-1 VLP production using gene inhibition strategies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4477-4487. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Gutiérrez-Granados S, Cervera L, Kamen AA, Gòdia F. Advancements in mammalian cell transient gene expression (TGE) technology for accelerated production of biologics. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:918-940. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1419459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gutiérrez-Granados
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Amine A. Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Large-scale transient transfection of mammalian cell suspension cultures enables the production of biological products in sufficient quantity and under stringent quality attributes to perform accelerated in vitro evaluations and has the potential to support preclinical or even clinical studies. Here we describe the methodology to produce VLPs in a 3L bioreactor, using suspension HEK 293 cells and PEIPro as a transfection reagent. Cells are grown in the bioreactor to 1 × 106 cells/mL and transfected with a plasmid DNA-PEI complex at a ratio of 1:2. Dissolved oxygen and pH are controlled and are online monitored during the production phase and cell growth and viability can be measured off line taking samples from the bioreactor. If the product is labeled with a fluorescent marker, transfection efficiency can be also assessed using flow cytometry analysis. Typically, the production phase lasts between 48 and 96 h until the product is harvested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cervera
- Bioengineering Department, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Room 270D, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 0C3
| | - Amine A Kamen
- Bioengineering Department, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Room 270D, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 0C3.
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Fuenmayor J, Cervera L, Gutiérrez-Granados S, Gòdia F. Transient gene expression optimization and expression vector comparison to improve HIV-1 VLP production in HEK293 cell lines. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:165-174. [PMID: 29103166 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transient gene expression (TGE) has been used at small and medium scale for the production of biologicals in sufficient quantities to perform pre-clinical and characterization studies. Polyethyleneimine (PEI)-mediated transfection offers a low toxicity and non-expensive method for cell transfection. DNA and PEI concentration for transient gene expression has been extensively optimized in order to increase product titers. However, the possibility to extrapolate the optimal concentrations found for a specific bioprocess when expression vectors or cell lines need to be changed has not been investigated.In this work, the combination of three different HEK293 cell lines with three different vectors was studied for the production of HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs). The concentration of DNA and PEI was optimized for the nine combinations. The obtained results were very similar in all cases (DNA = 2.34 ± 0.18 μg/mL and PEI = 5.81 ± 0.18 μg/mL), revealing that transfection efficiency is not dependent on the cell line or vector type, but on DNA and PEI quantities. Furthermore, two of the cell lines tested stably expressed a protein able to recognize specific origins of replication: HEK293T/SV40 and HEK293E/oriP. Origins of replication were included in the vector sequences in order to test their capacity to increase production titers. HEK293T/SV40 resulted in a decrease of cell density and productivity of 2.3-fold compared to a control plasmid. On the other hand, HEK293E/OriP platform enabled a threefold improvement in HIV-1 VLP production keeping the same cell densities and viabilities compared to a control plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fuenmayor
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Gutiérrez-Granados
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanostructures that resemble the structures of viruses. They are composed of one or more structural proteins that can be arranged in several layers and can also contain a lipid outer envelope. VLPs trigger a high humoral and cellular immune response due to their repetitive structures. A key factor regarding VLP safety is the lack of viral genomic material, which enhances safety during both manufacture and administration. Contemporary VLP production may take advantage of several systems, including bacterial, yeast, insect and mammalian cells. The choice of production platform depends on several factors, including cost and the need for post-translational modifications (PTMs), which can be essential in generating an optimal immune response. Some VLP-based vaccines designed to prevent several infectious diseases are already approved and on the market, with many others at the clinical trial or research stage. Interest in this technology has recently increased due to its advantages over classical vaccines. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of VLP production systems and the newest generation of VLP-based vaccines now available.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fuenmayor
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - F Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Cervera
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Room 270, Macdonald Engineering Building, McGill University, H3A 0C3, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Cervera L, González-Domínguez I, Segura MM, Gòdia F. Intracellular characterization of Gag VLP production by transient transfection of HEK 293 cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2507-2517. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de Bellaterra; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Irene González-Domínguez
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de Bellaterra; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - María Mercedes Segura
- Bluebird Bio Inc., Pharmaceutical Sciences; Vector Process Development Manufacturing Group; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de Bellaterra; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
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Escribano-Avila G, Cervera L, Ordóñez-Delgado L, Jara-Guerrero A, Amador L, Paladines B, Briceño J, Parés-Jiménez V, Lizcano DJ, Duncan DH, Iván Espinosa C. Biodiversity patterns and ecological processes in Neotropical dry forest: the need to connect research and management for long-term conservation. Neotropical Biodiversity 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2017.1298495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Cervera
- Central Department of Research, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabi, Manta, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Luis Amador
- Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Research Department, Universidad Laica Vincente Rocafuerte de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - Joahana Briceño
- Natural Science, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Violeta Parés-Jiménez
- Central Department of Research, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabi, Manta, Ecuador
| | - Diego J. Lizcano
- Central Department of Research, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabi, Manta, Ecuador
| | - David H. Duncan
- Natural Science, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
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Svensson MS, Shanee S, Shanee N, Bannister FB, Cervera L, Donati G, Huck M, Jerusalinsky L, Juarez CP, Maldonado AM, Martinez Mollinedo J, Méndez-Carvajal PG, Molina Argandoña MA, Mollo Vino AD, Nekaris K, Peck M, Rey-Goyeneche J, Spaan D, Nijman V. Disappearing in the Night: An Overview on Trade and Legislation of Night Monkeys in South and Central America. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2017; 87:332-348. [DOI: 10.1159/000454803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cervera L, Lizcano DJ, Parés-Jiménez V, Espinoza S, Poaquiza D, De la Montaña E, Griffith DM. A camera trap assessment of terrestrial mammals in Machalilla National Park, western Ecuador. cl 2016. [DOI: 10.15560/12.2.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the abundance, geographicdistribution, and conservation status of terrestrial mammals is vital to promote effective wildlife management in protected areas. Located in the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena hotspot of western Ecuador, Machalilla National Park contains high levels of biodiversity and endemism but suffers from habitat loss and degradation. This study provides an updated inventory of medium-sized to large mammals in the park and assesses changes in species richness over the past 20 years. Surveying 70% of Machalilla’s 562-km2 terrestrial area with 60 camera trap points, we detected 18 species of mammals belonging to 13 families. Richness of terrestrial species has declined in recent decades, due to the disappearance of keystone species like Jaguar (Panthera onca), White-lipped Peccary (Tayassu pecari), and possibly the Sechuran Fox (Lycalopex sechurae). We recommend specific management improvements to ensure conservation of the unique ecosystems and biodiversity of Machalilla, the only national park in Ecuador containing dry forest.
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Lizcano DJ, Cervera L, Espinoza-Moreira S, Poaquiza-Alava D, Parés-Jiménez V, Ramírez-Barajas PJ. Medium and large mammal richness from the marine and coastal wildlife refuge of Pacoche, Ecuador. Therya 2016. [DOI: 10.12933/therya-16-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Cervera L, Lizcano DJ, Tirira DG, Donati G. Surveying Two Endangered Primate Species (Alouatta palliata aequatorialis and Cebus aequatorialis) in the Pacoche Marine and Coastal Wildlife Refuge, West Ecuador. INT J PRIMATOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-015-9864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cervera L, Fuenmayor J, González-Domínguez I, Gutiérrez-Granados S, Segura MM, Gòdia F. Selection and optimization of transfection enhancer additives for increased virus-like particle production in HEK293 suspension cell cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9935-49. [PMID: 26278533 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals in mammalian cells typically relies on the use of stable producer cell lines. However, in recent years, transient gene expression has emerged as a suitable technology for rapid production of biopharmaceuticals. Transient gene expression is particularly well suited for early developmental phases, where several potential therapeutic targets need to be produced and tested in vivo. As a relatively new bioprocessing modality, a number of opportunities exist for improving cell culture productivity upon transient transfection. For instance, several compounds have shown positive effects on transient gene expression. These transfection enhancers either facilitate entry of PEI/DNA transfection complexes into the cell or nucleus or increase levels of gene expression. In this work, the potential of combining transfection enhancers to increase Gag-based virus-like particle production levels upon transfection of suspension-growing HEK 293 cells is evaluated. Using Plackett-Burman design of experiments, it is first tested the effect of eight transfection enhancers: trichostatin A, valproic acid, sodium butyrate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), lithium acetate, caffeine, hydroxyurea, and nocodazole. An optimal combination of compounds exhibiting the highest effect on gene expression levels was subsequently identified using a surface response experimental design. The optimal consisted on the addition of 20 mM lithium acetate, 3.36 mM valproic acid, and 5.04 mM caffeine which increased VLP production levels 3.8-fold, while maintaining cell culture viability at 94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Javier Fuenmayor
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene González-Domínguez
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Gutiérrez-Granados
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Mercedes Segura
- Bluebird Bio Pharmaceutical Sciences, Process Development Group, 150 2nd Street, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Cervera L, Gutiérrez-Granados S, Berrow NS, Segura MM, Gòdia F. Extended gene expression by medium exchange and repeated transient transfection for recombinant protein production enhancement. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:934-46. [PMID: 25421734 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Production of recombinant products in mammalian cell cultures can be achieved by stable gene expression (SGE) or transient gene expression (TGE). The former is based on the integration of a plasmid DNA into the host cell genome allowing continuous gene expression. The latter is based on episomal plasmid DNA expression. Conventional TGE is limited to a short production period of usually about 96 h, therefore limiting productivity. A novel gene expression approach termed extended gene expression (EGE) is explored in this study. The aim of EGE is to prolong the production period by the combination of medium exchange and repeated transfection of cell cultures with plasmid DNA to improve overall protein production. The benefit of this methodology was evaluated for the production of three model recombinant products: intracellular GFP, secreted GFP, and a Gag-GFP virus-like particles (VLPs). Productions were carried out in HEK 293 cell suspension cultures grown in animal-derived component free media using polyethylenimine (PEI) as transfection reagent. Transfections were repeated throughout the production process using different plasmid DNA concentrations, intervals of time, and culture feeding conditions in order to identify the best approach to achieve sustained high-level gene expression. Using this novel EGE strategy, the production period was prolonged between 192 and 240 h with a 4-12-fold increase in production levels, depending on the product type considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Tissular, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Gutiérrez-Granados S, Cervera L, Gòdia F, Carrillo J, Segura MM. Development and validation of a quantitation assay for fluorescently tagged HIV-1 virus-like particles. J Virol Methods 2013; 193:85-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Cervera L, Gutiérrez-Granados S, Martínez M, Blanco J, Gòdia F, Segura MM. Generation of HIV-1 Gag VLPs by transient transfection of HEK 293 suspension cell cultures using an optimized animal-derived component free medium. J Biotechnol 2013; 166:152-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Flores E, Cervera L, Sanz M, Diaz-Perales A, Fernández J. Plant Food Allergy in Patients with Pollinosis from the Mediterranean Area. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 159:346-54. [DOI: 10.1159/000338282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Cervera L, Gutiérrez S, Gòdia F, Segura MM. Optimization of HEK 293 cell growth by addition of non-animal derived components using design of experiments. BMC Proc 2011; 5 Suppl 8:P126. [PMID: 22373215 PMCID: PMC3284993 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s8-p126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cervera
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Sonia Gutiérrez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - María M Segura
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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