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Kurt Demirsoy K, Buyuk SK, Kaplan MH, Kokbas U, Abay F, Ozen C, Akkaya A. The effect of antimicrobial peptide-added adhesive resins on shear bond strength and the adhesive remnant index of orthodontic brackets. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:822. [PMID: 39033294 PMCID: PMC11265006 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of in-vivo produced Nisin which is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) added to adhesive resin on shear bond strength (SBS) and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) of orthodontic brackets. METHODS Bacterial AMP was produced by fermentation and the ideal AMP/Bond concentration and antimicrobial efficacy of the mixture were tested. To evaluate the SBS and ARI scores of AMP-added adhesive resins, 80 maxillary premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic purposes were used and randomly assigned into 2 groups (n = 40). Group 1: Control Group (teeth bonded with standard adhesive resin); Group 2: Experimental Group (teeth bonded with AMP-added adhesive resin). Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS package program and applying the Mann-Whitney U and Fisher's exact tests. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS Nisin synthesized in-vivo from Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) (ATCC 7962) bacteria was provided to form a homogenous solution at an ideal concentration To find the minimum AMP/Bond mixture ratio that showed maximum antimicrobial activity, AMP and Bond mixtures were tested at various concentration levels between 1/160 and 1/2 (AMP/Bond). As a result, the optimum ratio was determined as 1/40. The antimicrobial efficacy of Nisin-added adhesive resin was tested against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) (ATCC 35,688) and Lactobacillus strains (cariogenic microorganisms). AMP formed a 2.7 cm diameter zone alone, while 1/40 AMP-bond mixture formed a 1.2 cm diameter zone. SBS values of the teeth bonded with Nisin added adhesive (17.49 ± 5.31) were significantly higher than the control group (14.54 ± 4.96) (P = 0.004). According to the four point scale, Nisin added adhesive provided a higher ARI score in favour of the adhesive and tooth compared to the control group (ARI = 3, n = 20). CONCLUSIONS Nisin produced from L. lactis (ATCC 7962) had greater antimicrobial effects after mixing with adhesive bond against cariogenic microorganisms S. mutans (ATCC 35,688) and Lactobacillus strains. Nisin added adhesive increased shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets and ARI scores in favor of adhesive & teeth. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinicians should take into account that using Nisin-added adhesive resin in orthodontic treatments can provide prophylaxis against tooth decay, especially in patients with poor oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevser Kurt Demirsoy
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, Türkiye.
| | | | - Melek Hilal Kaplan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, Türkiye
| | - Umut Kokbas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, Türkiye
| | - Feridun Abay
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Türkiye
| | - Ceyda Ozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Science Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Alper Akkaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Science Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
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Qiao W, Qiao Y, Gao G, Liao Z, Wu Z, Saris PEJ, Xu H, Qiao M. A novel co-cultivation strategy to generate low-crystallinity bacterial cellulose and increase nisin yields. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:388-396. [PMID: 35031318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a co-culturing Enterobacter sp. and Lactococcus lactis strategy was developed to alter bacterial cellulose (BC) properties and increase nisin yields. We generated high nisin yields (6260 IU/mL) by altering inoculum ratios and inoculation times in a novel co-culture system. Critically, these were 85% higher than L. lactis monocultures. By monitoring fermentation broth pH and lactic acid yields, the pH was higher and lactic acid yields lower during co-culture conditions when compared with L. lactis monocultures, suggesting that co-culturing was more suitable for L. lactis nisin production. We also determined BC film yields and properties (BC, BC-N, and BC-N after nisin release). BC yields produced by co-culturing were not very different from Enterobacter sp. monocultures, but crystallinity was significantly altered. Collectively, our co-culture system adequately and economically modified BC fibers by interfering with self-assembly and crystallization processes during BC synthesis, with significantly improved nisin yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00940, Finland
| | - Yu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Ge Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zitong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zhenzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Per Erik Joakim Saris
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00940, Finland
| | - Haijin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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Establishing recombinant production of pediocin PA-1 in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Metab Eng 2021; 68:34-45. [PMID: 34492380 PMCID: PMC8593837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria to inhibit competitors in their natural environments. Some of these peptides have emerged as commercial food preservatives and, due to the rapid increase in antibiotic resistant bacteria, are also discussed as interesting alternatives to antibiotics for therapeutic purposes. Currently, commercial bacteriocins are produced exclusively with natural producer organisms on complex substrates and are sold as semi-purified preparations or crude fermentates. To allow clinical application, efficacy of production and purity of the product need to be improved. This can be achieved by shifting production to recombinant microorganisms. Here, we identify Corynebacterium glutamicum as a suitable production host for the bacteriocin pediocin PA-1. C. glutamicum CR099 shows resistance to high concentrations of pediocin PA-1 and the bacteriocin was not inactivated when spiked into growing cultures of this bacterium. Recombinant C. glutamicum expressing a synthetic pedACDCgl operon releases a compound that has potent antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua and matches size and mass:charge ratio of commercial pediocin PA-1. Fermentations in shake flasks and bioreactors suggest that low levels of dissolved oxygen are favorable for production of pediocin. Under these conditions, however, reduced activity of the TCA cycle resulted in decreased availability of the important pediocin precursor l-asparagine suggesting options for further improvement. Overall, we demonstrate that C. glutamicum is a suitable host for recombinant production of bacteriocins of the pediocin family. C. glutamicum CR099 is resistant to high concentrations of pediocin PA-1. Recombinant C. glutamicum CR099/pEKEx-pedACDCg produces of a compound with antimicrobial activity against Listeria sp. The purified compound matches size and mass:charge ratio of commercial pediocin PA-1. Low oxygen levels are favorable for production of active pediocin by C. glutamicum in batch fermentations.
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Zhao G, Liu J, Zhao J, Dorau R, Jensen PR, Solem C. Efficient Production of Nisin A from Low-Value Dairy Side Streams Using a Nonengineered Dairy Lactococcus lactis Strain with Low Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2826-2835. [PMID: 33646779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nisin is commonly used as a biopreservative in foods. For industrial production, nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strains are usually grown to high cell densities to achieve the highest possible nisin titer. However, accumulation of lactic acid eventually halts production, even in pH-controlled fermentations. Here, we describe a nisin-producing L. lactis strain Ge001, which was obtained after transferring the nisin gene cluster from L. lactis ATCC 11454, by conjugation, into the natural mutant L. lactis RD1M5, with low lactate dehydrogenase activity. The ability of Ge001 to produce nisin was tested using dairy waste as the fermentation substrate. To accommodate redox cofactor regeneration, respiration conditions were used, and to alleviate oxidative stress and to reduce adsorption of nisin onto the producing cells, we found it to be beneficial to add 1 mM Mn2+ and 100 mM Ca2+, respectively. A high titer of 12 084 IU/mL nisin could be reached, which is comparable to the highest titers reported using expensive, rich media. Summing up, we here present a 100% natural, robust, and sustainable approach for producing food-grade nisin and acetoin from readily available dairy waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhao
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jianming Liu
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Robin Dorau
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Ruhdal Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Hong L, Cho CS, Kim WS, Choi YJ, Kang SK. Phthalyl starch nanoparticles as prebiotics enhanced nisin production in Lactococcus lactis through the induction of mild stress in probiotics. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:439-449. [PMID: 32500649 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Effect of internalized phthalyl starch nanoparticles (PSNs) on the antimicrobial ability of Lactococcus lactis (LL) KCTC 2013. METHODS AND RESULTS Phthalyl starch nanoparticles were prepared by self-assembly of phthalyl starch and the amount of the hydrophobic phthalic moieties were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance: PSN1 (DS: 14·3 mol.%), PSN2 (DS: 17·8 mol.%) and PSN3 (DS: 30·4 mol.%). The sizes of PSN1, PSN2 and PSN3 measured by dynamic light scattering were 364·7, 248·4 and 213·4 nm, respectively, and the surface charges of PSNs measured by electrophoretic light scattering were negative charges and PSNs were spherical in shape according to scanning electron microscope. It was found that when PSNs were treated with LL, the PSNs were internalized into LL through nanoparticle size-, energy- and glucose transporter-dependent mechanisms. The internalization was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Nisin was isolated and identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Also, more nisin was produced from PSNs-treated LL than untreated- or starch-treated LL. Co-culture assay and agar diffusion test were performed to test the antimicrobial ability. Antimicrobial ability against Gram-negative Escherichia coli k88, Salmonella gallinarum and Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes of LL treated with PSNs was higher than that of untreated or starch-treated group. Finally, it was found that the expression level of stress response genes dnaK, dnaJ and groES was significantly higher in PSNs-treated groups compared with starch-treated group or LL alone. CONCLUSION The internalization of PSNs into LL enhanced the production of nisin through mild intracellular stimulation, resulting in enhanced antimicrobial ability. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows the promising potential of PSNs as new prebiotics for increasing the production of nisin, thus demonstrating a new method for the biological production of such antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - C-S Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W-S Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-J Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-K Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Girgin Ersoy Z, Kayıhan C, Tunca S. Higher nisin yield is reached with glutathione and pyruvate compared with heme in Lactococcus lactis N8. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1247-1257. [PMID: 31898248 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00216-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are different studies that aim to enhance the production of nisin by Lactococcus lactis since its chemical synthesis is not possible. In this study, glutathione (GSH) and pyruvate, which are known to reduce the oxidative stress of cells, have been shown to trigger the production of nisin at both transcriptional and translational levels in L. lactis cells grown under aerobic condition. Presence of GSH and pyruvate caused more nisin yield than the heme-supplemented medium. Moreover, the expression of genes that encode stress-related enzymes were apparently upregulated in the presence of GSH and pyruvate. It can be concluded that GSH and pyruvate contribute to the defense system of L. lactis cells and so that higher biomass was obtained which in turn enhance nisin production. Antioxidant effect of GSH and pyruvate was known; however, their stimulating effect on nisin production was shown for the first time in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Girgin Ersoy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ceyhun Kayıhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Başkent University, Etimesgut, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sedef Tunca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Dzhavakhiya VV, Glagoleva EV, Savelyeva VV, Statsyuk NV, Kartashov MI, Voinova TM, Sergeeva AV. New bacitracin-resistant nisin-producing strain of Lactococcus lactis and its physiological characterization. AIMS Microbiol 2018; 4:608-621. [PMID: 31294237 PMCID: PMC6613330 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.4.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nisin A belonging to the class I bacteriocins and produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis is widely used in many countries as highly efficient and safe preservative preventing growth of undesirable bacteria in food products. Though this compound is efficient at very low concentrations, reduction of its manufacturing cost is still relevant problem. An increased nisin A production requires improved resistance of its producer to nisin. According to some studies, mechanisms of microbial resistance to nisin A and bacitracin have a similar basis, and the same transporters are used to export these antibiotics from cells. To obtain strains with improved growth rate and nisin A productivity, selection of spontaneous bacitracin-resistant L. lactis mutants followed by examination of their stability as well as physiological and fermentation characteristics was carried out. Spontaneous mutants were obtained by culturing of L. lactis VKPM B-2092 strain on selective bacitracin-containing agar medium. The obtained bacitracin-resistant strain FL-75 was characterized by accelerated growth rate, doubled biomass accumulation, and improved nisin A resistance. The nisin A productivity of FL-75 exceeded that of the parental strain by 25% reaching 8902 U/mL after 14-h cultivation. In addition, FL-75 was characterized by the improved resistance to oxidative stress that has never been reported earlier for bacitracin-resistant microorganisms. Based on the performed characterization of FL-75, we can consider it as a new independent strain promising for the industrial production of food and feed biopreservatives. Comparison of published data and the obtained results allowed us to suppose that the bacitracin resistance mutation in FL-75 is determined rather by an increased expression of a gene homologous to the bcrC gene of Bacillus sp. than by the activation of multidrug resistance mechanisms. The revealed resistance of FL-75 to bacitracin and oxidative stress can be regulated by a common transcription factor activating in response to various environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vakhtang V Dzhavakhiya
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Physiologically Active Compounds, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Elena V Glagoleva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Physiologically Active Compounds, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Veronika V Savelyeva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Physiologically Active Compounds, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Natalia V Statsyuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, Moscow region 143050, Russia
| | - Maksim I Kartashov
- Department of Molecular Biology, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, Moscow region 143050, Russia
| | - Tatiana M Voinova
- Department of Molecular Biology, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, Moscow region 143050, Russia
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Innovative approaches to nisin production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6299-6307. [PMID: 29850958 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis that has been approved by the Food Drug Administration for utilization as a GRAS status food additive. Nisin can inhibit spore germination and demonstrates antimicrobial activity against Listeria, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, and Bacillus species. Under some circumstances, it plays an immune modulator role and has a selective cytotoxic effect against cancer cells, although it is notable that the high production cost of nisin-a result of the low nisin production yield of producer strains-is an important factor restricting intensive use. In recent years, production of nisin has been significantly improved through genetic modifications to nisin producer strains and through innovative applications in the fermentation process. Recently, 15,400 IU ml-1 nisin production has been achieved in L. lactis cells following genetic modifications by eliminating the factors that negatively affect nisin biosynthesis or by increasing the cell density of the producing strains in the fermentation medium. In this review, innovative approaches related to cell and fermentation systems aimed at increasing nisin production are discussed and interpreted, with a view to increasing industrial nisin production.
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