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Hashikawa-Muto C, Yokoyama Y, Hamamoto R, Kobayashi K, Masuda Y, Nonaka K. Effect of pH, NaCl concentration, and mAb concentration of feed solution on the filterability of Planova™ 20N and Planova™ BioEX. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3420. [PMID: 38146091 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Virus filtration is one of the most important steps in ensuring viral safety during the purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other biotherapeutics derived from mammalian cell cultures. Regarding the various virus retentive filters, including Planova filters, a great deal of data has been reported on the virus retention capability and its mechanism. Along with the virus retention capability, filterability is a key performance indicator for designing a robust and high-throughput virus filtration step. In order to obtain higher filterability, optimization of the feed solution conditions, and filter selection is essential; however, limited data are available regarding the filtration characteristics of Planova filters. Furthermore, for Planova 20N and Planova BioEX, the virus retention characteristics were reported to differ due to their respective membrane materials and layer structures. Whether these filters differ in their filtration characteristics is an interesting question, but no comparative evaluations have been reported. In this study, the filterability of the two filters was investigated and compared using 15 feed mAb solutions of a single mAb selected by design of experiments with different combinations of pH, NaCl concentration, and mAb concentration. The filterability of Planova 20N was affected not only by the feed solution viscosity, but also by the mAb aggregate content of the feed mAb solution and mAb-membrane electrostatic interactions. In contrast, the filterability of Planova BioEX decreased under some buffer conditions. These findings and the established design spaces of these filters provide valuable insights into the process optimization of virus filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Hashikawa-Muto
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, Biologics Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Chiyoda-machi, Oura-gun, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Yokoyama
- Technology Development Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Nobeoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Hamamoto
- Technology Development Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Nobeoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kobayashi
- Global Sales & Customer Services Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Masuda
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, Biologics Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Chiyoda-machi, Oura-gun, Japan
| | - Koichi Nonaka
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, Biologics Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Chiyoda-machi, Oura-gun, Japan
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2
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Afzal MA, Zydney AL. Impact of proteins and protein fouling on virus retention during virus removal filtration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:710-718. [PMID: 37994529 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Virus filtration is a crucial step in ensuring the high levels of viral clearance required in the production of biotherapeutics produced in mammalian cells or derived from human plasma. Previous studies have reported that virus retention is often reduced in the presence of therapeutic proteins due to membrane fouling; however, the underlying mechanisms controlling this behavior are still not well understood. Experimental studies were performed with a single layer of the commercially available dual-layer PegasusTM SV4 virus removal filter to more easily interpret the experimental results. Bacteriophage ФX174 was used as a model parvovirus, and human immunoglobulin (hIgG) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) were used as model proteins. Data obtained with 5 g/L solutions of hIgG showed more than a 100-fold reduction in virus retention compared to that in the protein-free solution. Similar effects were seen with membranes that were pre-fouled with hIgG and then challenged with ФX174. The experimental data were well-described using an internal polarization model that accounts for virus capture and accumulation within the virus filter, with the hIgG nearly eliminating the irreversible virus capture while also facilitating the release of previously captured virus. These results provide important insights into the performance and validation of virus removal filters in bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Afzal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Tsukamoto K, Hamamoto R, Oguri R, Miura A, Iwasaki T, Sukegawa T. Size-based analysis of virus removal filter fouling using fractionated protein aggregates. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3391. [PMID: 37733879 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Fouling by protein aggregates reduces virus removal filter performance. In the present study, we investigated the effects of different-sized protein aggregates on fouling and aggregate retention in order to better understand the fouling mechanisms. Human immunoglobulin G was denatured by heating to produce aggregates of various sizes and then fractionated by size exclusion chromatography into different-sized aggregates with a narrow size distribution. The fractionated aggregates were filtered on Planova 20N, a virus removal filter known for its stable filtration capability. Analysis of flux behavior demonstrated different flux decrease patterns for different-sized aggregates. Observation of aggregate retention by staining revealed that larger aggregates were captured closer to the inner surface of the membrane while smaller aggregates penetrated farther into the membrane. These findings demonstrate that Planova 20N has a gradient structure with decreasing pore size from the inner to the outer surface of the membrane. This structure minimizes fouling and enables stable filtration by protecting the smaller pores located closer to the outer surface from clogging by large aggregates. Applying the predominant clogging models to the present filtrations revealed that clogging behavior transitioned from complete blocking to cake filtration as filtration progressed. In this combination model, after a certain number of pores are blocked by complete blocking, newly arrived aggregates begin to accumulate on previously captured aggregates, generating cake between capture layers within the membrane. Application of the approaches described here will facilitate elucidation of membrane fouling and virus removal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tsukamoto
- Technology Development Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Hamamoto
- Technology Development Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryota Oguri
- Technology Development Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Aki Miura
- Bioprocess Technology Development Department, Asahi Kasei Medical MT Corp., Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takuma Iwasaki
- Technology Development Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sukegawa
- Technology Development Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Miyazaki, Japan
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4
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Suh D, Jin H, Park H, Lee C, Cho YH, Baek Y. Effect of protein fouling on filtrate flux and virus breakthrough behaviors during virus filtration process. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023. [PMID: 37144573 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Virus filtration process is used to ensure viral safety in the biopharmaceutical downstream processes with high virus removal capacity (i.e., >4 log10 ). However, it is still constrained by protein fouling, which results in reduced filtration capacity and possible virus breakthrough. This study investigated the effects of protein fouling on filtrate flux and virus breakthrough using commercial membranes that had different symmetricity, nominal pore size, and pore size gradients. Flux decay tendency due to protein fouling was influenced by hydrodynamic drag force and protein concentration. As the results of prediction with the classical fouling model, standard blocking was suitable for most virus filters. Undesired virus breakthrough was observed in the membranes having relatively a large pore diameter of the retentive region. The study found that elevated levels of protein solution reduced virus removal performance. However, the impact of prefouled membranes was minimal. These findings shed light on the factors that influence protein fouling during the virus filtration process of biopharmaceutical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Suh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoeun Jin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosik Park
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Cho
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbin Baek
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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5
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Suh D, Kim M, Lee C, Baek Y. Virus filtration in biopharmaceutical downstream processes: key factors and current limitations. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2143379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Suh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Seoul National University (SNU), Gwanak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Basic Science, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Seoul National University (SNU), Gwanak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbin Baek
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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6
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Delila L, Nebie O, Le NTN, Barro L, Chou M, Wu Y, Watanabe N, Takahara M, Buée L, Blum D, Devos D, Burnouf T. Neuroprotective activity of a virus-safe nanofiltered human platelet lysate depleted of extracellular vesicles in Parkinson's disease and traumatic brain injury models. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10360. [PMID: 36684076 PMCID: PMC9842020 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain administration of human platelet lysates (HPL) is a potential emerging biotherapy of neurodegenerative and traumatic diseases of the central nervous system. HPLs being prepared from pooled platelet concentrates, thereby increasing viral risks, manufacturing processes should incorporate robust virus-reduction treatments. We evaluated a 19 ± 2-nm virus removal nanofiltration process using hydrophilic regenerated cellulose hollow fibers on the properties of a neuroprotective heat-treated HPL (HPPL). Spiking experiments demonstrated >5.30 log removal of 20-22-nm non-enveloped minute virus of mice-mock particles using an immuno-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. The nanofiltered HPPL (NHPPL) contained a range of neurotrophic factors like HPPL. There was >2 log removal of extracellular vesicles (EVs), associated with decreased expression of pro-thrombogenic phosphatidylserine and procoagulant activity. LC-MS/MS proteomics showed that ca. 80% of HPPL proteins, including neurotrophins, cytokines, and antioxidants, were still found in NHPPL, whereas proteins associated with some infections and cancer-associated pathways, pro-coagulation and EVs, were removed. NHPPL maintained intact neuroprotective activity in Lund human mesencephalic dopaminergic neuron model of Parkinson's disease (PD), stimulated the differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and showed preserved anti-inflammatory function upon intranasal administration in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Therefore, nanofiltration of HPL is feasible, lowers the viral, prothrombotic and procoagulant risks, and preserves the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties in neuronal pre-clinical models of PD and TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Delila
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical EngineeringTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ouada Nebie
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical EngineeringTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU‐Lille, U1172, Lille Neuroscience & CognitionLilleFrance,Alzheimer & TauopathiesLabex DISTALZLilleFrance
| | - Nhi Thao Ngoc Le
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical EngineeringTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Lassina Barro
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical EngineeringTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Present address:
National Center of Blood TransfusionOuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Ming‐Li Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical EngineeringTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Present address:
Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Wen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical EngineeringTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | | | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU‐Lille, U1172, Lille Neuroscience & CognitionLilleFrance,Alzheimer & TauopathiesLabex DISTALZLilleFrance,NeuroTMULilleLille Neuroscience & CognitionLilleFrance
| | - David Blum
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU‐Lille, U1172, Lille Neuroscience & CognitionLilleFrance,Alzheimer & TauopathiesLabex DISTALZLilleFrance,NeuroTMULilleLille Neuroscience & CognitionLilleFrance
| | - David Devos
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU‐Lille, U1172, Lille Neuroscience & CognitionLilleFrance,NeuroTMULilleLille Neuroscience & CognitionLilleFrance
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical EngineeringTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical EngineeringTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,NeuroTMULilleTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,International PhD Program in Cell Therapy and Regeneration MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,PhD Program in Graduate Institute of Mind Brain and Consciousness, College of Humanities and Social SciencesTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Neuroscience Research CenterTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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7
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Leisi R, Rostami I, Laughhunn A, Bieri J, Roth NJ, Widmer E, Ros C. Visualizing protein fouling and its impact on parvovirus retention within distinct filter membrane morphologies. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Kayukawa T, Yanagibashi A, Hongo‐Hirasaki T, Yanagida K. Particle‐based analysis elucidates the real retention capacities of virus filters and enables optimal virus clearance study design with evaluation systems of diverse virological characteristics. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3237. [PMID: 35064964 PMCID: PMC9285584 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In virus clearance study (VCS) design, the amount of virus loaded onto the virus filters (VF) must be carefully controlled. A large amount of virus is required to demonstrate sufficient virus removal capability; however, too high a viral load causes virus breakthrough and reduces log reduction values. We have seen marked variation in the virus removal performance for VFs even with identical VCS design. Understanding how identical virus infectivity, materials and operating conditions can yield such different results is key to optimizing VCS design. The present study developed a particle number‐based method for VCS and investigated the effects on VF performance of discrepancies between apparent virus amount and total particle number of minute virus of mice. Co‐spiking of empty and genome‐containing particles resulted in a decrease in the virus removal performance proportional to the co‐spike ratio. This suggests that empty particles are captured in the same way as genome‐containing particles, competing for retention capacity. In addition, between virus titration methods with about 2.0 Log10 difference in particle‐to‐infectivity ratios, there was a 20‐fold decrease in virus retention capacity limiting the throughput that maintains the required LRV (e.g., 4.0), calculated using infectivity titers. These findings suggest that ignoring virus particle number in VCS design can cause virus overloading and accelerate filter breakthrough. This article asserts the importance of focusing on virus particle number and discusses optimization of VCS design that is unaffected by virological characteristics of evaluation systems and adequately reflect the VF retention capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kayukawa
- Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Medical Technology & Material Laboratory, Research and Business Development Division, Fuji Shizuoka JP
| | - Akiyo Yanagibashi
- Asahi Kasei Medical MT CORP., Bioprocess Technical Development Division, Nobeoka Miyazaki JP
| | | | - Koichiro Yanagida
- Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Bioprocess Division Nobeoka Miyazaki JP
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9
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Brickey KP, Zydney AL, Gomez ED. FIB-SEM tomography reveals the nanoscale 3D morphology of virus removal filters. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Ide S. Filter made of cuprammonium regenerated cellulose for virus removal: a mini-review. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 29:2779-2793. [PMID: 34840442 PMCID: PMC8609256 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-021-04319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In 1989, Asahi Kasei commercialized a porous hollow fiber membrane filter (Planova™) made of cuprammonium regenerated cellulose, making it possible for the first time in the world to "remove viruses from protein solutions by membrane filtration". Planova has demonstrated its usefulness in separating proteins and viruses. Filters that remove viruses from protein solutions, i.e., virus removal filters (VFs), have become one of the critical modern technologies to assure viral safety of biological products. It has also become an indispensable technology for the future. The performance characteristics of VFs can be summarized in two points: 1) the virus removal performance increases as the virus diameter increases, and 2) the recovery rate of proteins with molecular weights greater than 10,000 exceeds the practical level. This paper outlines the emergence of VF and its essential roles in the purification process of biological products, requirements for VF, phase separation studies for cuprammonium cellulose solution, comparison between Planova and other regenerated cellulose flat membranes made from other cellulose solutions, and the development of Planova. The superior properties of Planova can be attributed to its highly interconnected three-dimensional network structure. Furthermore, future trends in the VF field, the subject of this review, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Ide
- Planova Production Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co. Ltd, Asahi-machi, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-0847 Japan
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11
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12
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Lucas K, Dehghani M, Khire T, Gaborski T, Flax JD, Waugh RE, McGrath JL. A predictive model of nanoparticle capture on ultrathin nanoporous membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Barro L, Delila L, Nebie O, Wu YW, Knutson F, Watanabe N, Takahara M, Burnouf T. Removal of minute virus of mice-mock virus particles by nanofiltration of culture growth medium supplemented with 10% human platelet lysate. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:902-907. [PMID: 34238658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Platelet concentrates (PCs) are pooled to prepare human platelet lysate (HPL) supplements of growth media to expand primary human cells for transplantation; this increases the risk of contamination by known, emerging, and unknown viruses. This possibility should be of concern because viral contamination of cell cultures is difficult to detect and may have detrimental consequences for recipients of cell therapies. Viral reduction treatments of chemically defined growth media have been proposed, but they are not applicable when media contain protein supplements currently needed to expand primary cell cultures. Recently, we successfully developed a Planova 35NPlanova 20N nanofiltration sequence of growth media supplemented with two types of HPL. The nanofiltered medium was found to be suitable for mesenchymal Stromal cell (MSC) expansion. METHODS Herein, we report viral clearance achieved by this nanofiltration process used for assessing a new experimental model using non-infectious minute virus of mice-mock virus particle (MVM-MVP) and its quantification by an immunoqPCR. Then, high doses of MVM-MVP (1012 MVPs/mL) were spiked to obtain a final concentration of 1010 MVPs/mL in Planova 35N-nanofiltered growth medium supplemented with both types of HPLs [serum converted platelet lysate SCPL) and intercept human platelet lysate (I-HPL)] at 10% (v/v) and then filtering through Planova 20N. RESULTS No substantial interference of growth medium matrices by the immune-qPCR assay was first verified. Log reduction values (LRVs) were ≥ 5.43 and ≥ 5.36 respectively, SCPL and I-HPL media. MVM-MVPs were also undetectable by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS The nanofiltration of growth media supplemented with 10% HPL provides robust removal of small nonenveloped viruses, and is an option to improve the safety of therapeutic cells expanded using HPL supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lassina Barro
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liling Delila
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ouada Nebie
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Folke Knutson
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine IGP, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Thierry Burnouf
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Program in Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Ayano M, Sawamura Y, Hongo-Hirasaki T, Nishizaka T. Direct visualization of virus removal process in hollow fiber membrane using an optical microscope. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1095. [PMID: 33441582 PMCID: PMC7806983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus removal filters developed for the decontamination of small viruses from biotherapeutic products are widely used in basic research and critical step for drug production due to their long-established quality and robust performance. A variety of imaging techniques have been employed to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which viruses are effectively captured by filter membranes, but they are limited to ‘static’ imaging. Here, we propose a novel method for detailed monitoring of ‘dynamic process’ of virus capture; specifically, direct examination of biomolecules during filtration under an ultra-stable optical microscope. Samples were fluorescently labeled and infused into a single hollow fiber membrane comprising cuprammonium regenerated-cellulose (Planova 20N). While proteins were able to pass through the membrane, virus-like particles (VLP) accumulated stably in a defined region of the membrane. After injecting the small amount of sample into the fiber membrane, the real-time process of trapping VLP in the membrane was quantified beyond the diffraction limit. The method presented here serves as a preliminary basis for determining optimum filtration conditions, and provides new insights into the structure of novel fiber membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Ayano
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sawamura
- Global Marketing Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8101, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Hongo-Hirasaki
- Global Marketing Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8101, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nishizaka
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan.
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15
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Jazie AA, Albaaji AJ, Abed SA. A review on recent trends of antiviral nanoparticles and airborne filters: special insight on COVID-19 virus. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2021; 14:1811-1824. [PMID: 34178182 PMCID: PMC8211456 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-021-01055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic in the last 4 months stimulates the international scientific community to search for vaccine of antiviral agents suitable for in activating the virus inside and outside the human body. More than 4 million people globally are infected by the virus and about 300,000 dead cases until this moment. The ventilation and airborne filters are also investigated aiming to develop an efficient antiviral filtration technology. Human secretion of the infected person as nasal or saliva droplets goes as airborne and distributes the virus everywhere around the person. N95 and N98 filters are the must use filters for capturing particles of sizes around 300 nm. The average size of the novel corona virus (COVID-19) is 100 nm and there is no standard or special filter suitable for this virus. The nanoparticle-coated airborne filter is a suitable technique in this regard. While the efficiency of this type of filters still needs to be enhanced, new developed nanofiber filters are proposed. Most recently, the charged nanofiber filters of sizes below 100 nm are developed and provide an efficient viral filtration and inactivation. The efficiency of filter must be kept at accepted level without increasing the pressure drop. The present review outlines the most efficient antiviral nanoparticles including the recent functional nanoparticles. The filtration theory, filtration modeling, filter testing, and different types of filter with special concentration on the charged nanofiber filter were discussed. The charged nanofiber filter able to capture novel corona virus (COVID-19) with 94% efficiency and a pressure drop less than 20 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Jazie
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Amar J. Albaaji
- Materials Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Suhad A. Abed
- Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
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Barro L, Nebie O, Chen MS, Wu YW, Koh MB, Knutson F, Watanabe N, Takahara M, Burnouf T. Nanofiltration of growth media supplemented with human platelet lysates for pathogen-safe xeno-free expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:458-472. [PMID: 32536505 PMCID: PMC7205656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background aims Human platelet lysate can replace fetal bovine serum (FBS) for xeno-free ex vivo expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), but pooling of platelet concentrates (PCs) increases risks of pathogen transmission. We evaluated the feasibility of performing nanofiltration of platelet lysates and determined the impact on expansion of bone marrow–derived MSCs. Methods Platelet lysates were prepared by freeze-thawing of pathogen-reduced (Intercept) PCs suspended in 65% storage solution (SPP+) and 35% plasma, and by serum-conversion of PCs suspended in 100% plasma. Lysates were added to the MSC growth media at 10% (v/v), filtered and subjected to cascade nanofiltration on 35- and 19-nm Planova filters. Media supplemented with 10% starting platelet lysates or FBS were used as the controls. Impacts of nanofiltration on the growth media composition, removal of platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs) and MSC expansion were evaluated. Results Nanofiltration did not detrimentally affect contents of total protein and growth factors or the biochemical composition. The clearance factor of PEVs was >3 log values. Expansion, proliferation, membrane markers, differentiation potential and immunosuppressive properties of cells in nanofiltered media were consistently better than those expanded in FBS-supplemented media. Compared with FBS, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis genes were expressed more in nanofiltered media, and there were fewer senescent cells over six passages. Conclusions Nanofiltration of growth media supplemented with two types of platelet lysates, including one prepared from pathogen-reduced PCs, is technically feasible. These data support the possibility of developing pathogen-reduced xeno-free growth media for clinical-grade propagation of human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lassina Barro
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ouada Nebie
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mickey Bc Koh
- Department of Haematology, St George's University Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust, London, UK; Blood Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Folke Knutson
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine IGP, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Thierry Burnouf
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Program in Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Leisi R, Bieri J, Roth NJ, Ros C. Determination of parvovirus retention profiles in virus filter membranes using laser scanning microscopy. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Adan-Kubo J, Tsujikawa M, Takahashi K, Hongo-Hirasaki T, Sakai K. Microscopic visualization of virus removal by dedicated filters used in biopharmaceutical processing: Impact of membrane structure and localization of captured virus particles. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2875. [PMID: 31228338 PMCID: PMC7003479 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Virus filtration with nanometer size exclusion membranes (“nanofiltration”) is effective for removing infectious agents from biopharmaceuticals. While the virus removal capability of virus removal filters is typically evaluated based on calculation of logarithmic reduction value (LRV) of virus infectivity, knowledge of the exact mechanism(s) of virus retention remains limited. Here, human parvovirus B19 (B19V), a small virus (18–26 nm), was spiked into therapeutic plasma protein solutions and filtered through Planova™ 15N and 20N filters in scaled‐down manufacturing processes. Observation of the gross structure of the Planova hollow fiber membranes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed Planova filter microporous membranes to have a rough inner, a dense middle and a rough outer layer. Of these three layers, the dense middle layer was clearly identified as the most functionally critical for effective capture of B19V. Planova filtration of protein solution containing B19V resulted in a distribution peak in the dense middle layer with an LRV >4, demonstrating effectiveness of the filtration step. This is the first report to simultaneously analyze the gross structure of a virus removal filter and visualize virus entrapment during a filtration process conducted under actual manufacturing conditions. The methodologies developed in this study demonstrate that the virus removal capability of the filtration process can be linked to the gross physical filter structure, contributing to better understanding of virus trapping mechanisms and helping the development of more reliable and robust virus filtration processes in the manufacture of biologicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Adan-Kubo
- Central Research Laboratory, Japanese Blood Products Organization, Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
| | - Muneo Tsujikawa
- Central Research Laboratory, Japanese Blood Products Organization, Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
| | - Kadue Takahashi
- Central Research Laboratory, Japanese Blood Products Organization, Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hongo-Hirasaki
- Technology Development Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co. Ltd., Nobeoka, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sakai
- Central Research Laboratory, Japanese Blood Products Organization, Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
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