1
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Liwnaree B, Muensaen K, Narkpuk J, Promdonkoy P, Kocharin K, Peswani AR, Robinson C, Mikaliunaite L, Roongsawang N, Tanapongpipat S, Jaru-Ampornpan P. Evaluation of Methylotrophic Yeast Ogataea thermomethanolica TBRC 656 as a Heterologous Host for Production of an Animal Vaccine Candidate. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:1288-1302. [PMID: 35593985 PMCID: PMC9120810 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple yeast strains have been developed into versatile heterologous protein expression platforms. Earlier works showed that Ogataea thermomethanolica TBRC 656 (OT), a thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast, can efficiently produce several industrial enzymes. In this work, we demonstrated the potential of this platform for biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Using a swine vaccine candidate as a model, we showed that OT can be optimized to express and secrete the antigen based on porcine circovirus type 2d capsid protein at a respectable yield. Crucial steps for yield improvement include codon optimization and reduction of OT protease activities. The antigen produced in this system could be purified efficiently and induce robust antibody response in test animals. Improvements in this platform, especially more efficient secretion and reduced extracellular proteases, would extend its potential as a competitive platform for biopharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamas Liwnaree
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Katanchalee Muensaen
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Jaraspim Narkpuk
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Peerada Promdonkoy
- Microbial Cell Factory Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanokarn Kocharin
- Microbial Cell Factory Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Amber R Peswani
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Colin Robinson
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Lina Mikaliunaite
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Niran Roongsawang
- Microbial Cell Factory Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sutipa Tanapongpipat
- Microbial Cell Factory Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Peera Jaru-Ampornpan
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
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2
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Becerril-García MÁ, Flores-Maldonado OE, González GM, García-González G, Hernández-Bello R, Palma-Nicolás JP. Safety profile of intravenous administration of live Pichia pastoris cells in mice. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:6576328. [PMID: 35488874 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pichia pastoris has been widely used to produce antigenic proteins aimed to integrate subunit vaccines. Moreover, increasing interest in large-scale vaccine production at the lowest cost is rapidly focusing in the development of yeast surface display (YSD) systems for delivery of antigens. In this scenario, the safety of live yeast administration must be warranted, however such information is very scarce. Here we assess the intravenous administration (i.v.) of live P. pastoris cells in order to trace dissemination in BALB/c mice and to evaluate the immune response raised against the yeast compared to the well-defined pathogen Candida albicans. Our results demonstrate dissemination of P. pastoris to the heart, kidney, and spleen, but it is quickly eliminated during the first 48 hours post-infection (hpi), with persistence in the liver along with mild mononuclear and polymorphonuclear (PMN) infiltrate, which was resolved at 144 hpi. In vivo delayed-type hyper-sensitivity test (DTH) or in vitro antigenic stimulation of mice splenocytes demonstrate that transient infection of P. pastoris did not induce a cell-mediated immune response nor increase the level of circulating IgG or IgM. These results demonstrate the innocuous profile of P. pastoris and support its use as a safe delivery system for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Becerril-García
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Ave. Francisoco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro. C.P. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Orlando Esau Flores-Maldonado
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Ave. Francisoco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro. C.P. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Gloria M González
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Ave. Francisoco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro. C.P. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Gerardo García-González
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Ave. Francisoco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro. C.P. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Romel Hernández-Bello
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Ave. Francisoco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro. C.P. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - José Prisco Palma-Nicolás
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Ave. Francisoco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro. C.P. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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3
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Dalvie NC, Rodriguez-Aponte SA, Hartwell BL, Tostanoski LH, Biedermann AM, Crowell LE, Kaur K, Kumru OS, Carter L, Yu J, Chang A, McMahan K, Courant T, Lebas C, Lemnios AA, Rodrigues KA, Silva M, Johnston RS, Naranjo CA, Tracey MK, Brady JR, Whittaker CA, Yun D, Brunette N, Wang JY, Walkey C, Fiala B, Kar S, Porto M, Lok M, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Love KR, Camp DL, Silverman JM, Kleanthous H, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Dubois PM, Collin N, King NP, Barouch DH, Irvine DJ, Love JC. Engineered SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain improves manufacturability in yeast and immunogenicity in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2106845118. [PMID: 34493582 PMCID: PMC8463846 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106845118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Global containment of COVID-19 still requires accessible and affordable vaccines for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Recently approved vaccines provide needed interventions, albeit at prices that may limit their global access. Subunit vaccines based on recombinant proteins are suited for large-volume microbial manufacturing to yield billions of doses annually, minimizing their manufacturing cost. These types of vaccines are well-established, proven interventions with multiple safe and efficacious commercial examples. Many vaccine candidates of this type for SARS-CoV-2 rely on sequences containing the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which mediates viral entry to cells via ACE2. Here we report an engineered sequence variant of RBD that exhibits high-yield manufacturability, high-affinity binding to ACE2, and enhanced immunogenicity after a single dose in mice compared to the Wuhan-Hu-1 variant used in current vaccines. Antibodies raised against the engineered protein exhibited heterotypic binding to the RBD from two recently reported SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (501Y.V1/V2). Presentation of the engineered RBD on a designed virus-like particle (VLP) also reduced weight loss in hamsters upon viral challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Dalvie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Sergio A Rodriguez-Aponte
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Brittany L Hartwell
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT, Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Lisa H Tostanoski
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Andrew M Biedermann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Laura E Crowell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Kawaljit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics, and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Ozan S Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics, and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Aiquan Chang
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Thomas Courant
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Celia Lebas
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ashley A Lemnios
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Kristen A Rodrigues
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT, Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Murillo Silva
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Ryan S Johnston
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Christopher A Naranjo
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Mary Kate Tracey
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Joseph R Brady
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Charles A Whittaker
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Dongsoo Yun
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Natalie Brunette
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Jing Yang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Carl Walkey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Brooke Fiala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kerry R Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Danielle L Camp
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | | | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics, and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics, and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Patrice M Dubois
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT, Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT, Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - J Christopher Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139;
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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4
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de Sá Magalhães S, Keshavarz-Moore E. Pichia pastoris ( Komagataella phaffii) as a Cost-Effective Tool for Vaccine Production for Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:119. [PMID: 34562941 PMCID: PMC8468848 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8090119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is of paramount importance to global health. With the advent of the more recent pandemics, the urgency to expand the range has become even more evident. However, the potential limited availability and affordability of vaccines to resource low- and middle-income countries has created a need for solutions that will ensure cost-effective vaccine production methods for these countries. Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) (also known as Komagataella phaffii) is one of the most promising candidates for expression of heterologous proteins in vaccines development. It combines the speed and ease of highly efficient prokaryotic platforms with some key capabilities of mammalian systems, potentially reducing manufacturing costs. This review will examine the latest developments in P. pastoris from cell engineering and design to industrial production systems with focus on vaccine development and with reference to specific key case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eli Keshavarz-Moore
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
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5
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Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is currently one of the most versatile and popular hosts for the production of heterologous proteins, including industrial enzymes. The popularity of P. pastoris stems from its ability to grow to high cell densities, producing high titers of secreted heterologous protein with very low amounts of endogenous proteins. Its ability to express correctly folded proteins with post-translational modifications makes it an excellent candidate for the production of biopharmaceuticals. In addition, production in P. pastoris typically uses the strong, methanol-inducible and tightly regulated promoter (PAOX1), which can result in heterologous protein that constitutes up to 30% of total cell protein upon growth in methanol. In this chapter, we present methodology for the production of secreted recombinant proteins in P. pastoris, and we discuss alternatives to enhance protein production with the desired yield and quality.
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6
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Dalvie NC, Rodriguez-Aponte SA, Hartwell BL, Tostanoski LH, Biedermann AM, Crowell LE, Kaur K, Kumru O, Carter L, Yu J, Chang A, McMahan K, Courant T, Lebas C, Lemnios AA, Rodrigues KA, Silva M, Johnston RS, Naranjo CA, Tracey MK, Brady JR, Whittaker CA, Yun D, Kar S, Porto M, Lok M, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Love KR, Camp DL, Silverman JM, Kleanthous H, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Dubois PM, Collin N, King NP, Barouch DH, Irvine DJ, Love JC. Engineered SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain improves immunogenicity in mice and elicits protective immunity in hamsters. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.03.03.433558. [PMID: 33688647 PMCID: PMC7941618 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.03.433558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Global containment of COVID-19 still requires accessible and affordable vaccines for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).1 Recently approved vaccines provide needed interventions, albeit at prices that may limit their global access.2 Subunit vaccines based on recombinant proteins are suited for large-volume microbial manufacturing to yield billions of doses annually, minimizing their manufacturing costs.3 These types of vaccines are well-established, proven interventions with multiple safe and efficacious commercial examples.4-6 Many vaccine candidates of this type for SARS-CoV-2 rely on sequences containing the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which mediates viral entry to cells via ACE2.7,8 Here we report an engineered sequence variant of RBD that exhibits high-yield manufacturability, high-affinity binding to ACE2, and enhanced immunogenicity after a single dose in mice compared to the Wuhan-Hu-1 variant used in current vaccines. Antibodies raised against the engineered protein exhibited heterotypic binding to the RBD from two recently reported SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (501Y.V1/V2). Presentation of the engineered RBD on a designed virus-like particle (VLP) also reduced weight loss in hamsters upon viral challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Dalvie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Sergio A Rodriguez-Aponte
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Brittany L Hartwell
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lisa H Tostanoski
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew M Biedermann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Laura E Crowell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kawaljit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, United States
| | - Ozan Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, United States
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aiquan Chang
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Courant
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Celia Lebas
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ashley A Lemnios
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kristen A Rodrigues
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Murillo Silva
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ryan S Johnston
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Christopher A Naranjo
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mary Kate Tracey
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Joseph R Brady
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Charles A Whittaker
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Dongsoo Yun
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Megan Lok
- Bioqual, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | | | - Kerry R Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Danielle L Camp
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, United States
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, United States
| | - Patrice M Dubois
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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7
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Kaur K, Xiong J, Sawant N, Agarwal S, Hickey JM, Holland DA, Mukhopadhyay TK, Brady JR, Dalvie NC, Tracey MK, Love KR, Love JC, Weis DD, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Mechanism of Thimerosal-Induced Structural Destabilization of a Recombinant Rotavirus P[4] Protein Antigen Formulated as a Multi-Dose Vaccine. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:1054-1066. [PMID: 33278412 PMCID: PMC7884053 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In a companion paper, a two-step developability assessment is presented to rapidly evaluate low-cost formulations (multi-dose, aluminum-adjuvanted) for new subunit vaccine candidates. As a case study, a non-replicating rotavirus (NRRV) recombinant protein antigen P[4] was found to be destabilized by the vaccine preservative thimerosal, and this effect was mitigated by modification of the free cysteine (C173S). In this work, the mechanism(s) of thimerosal-P[4] protein interactions, along with subsequent effects on the P[4] protein's structural integrity, are determined. Reversible complexation of ethylmercury, a thimerosal degradation byproduct, with the single cysteine residue of P[4] protein is demonstrated by intact protein mass analysis and biophysical studies. A working mechanism involving a reversible S-Hg coordinate bond is presented based on the literature. This reaction increased the local backbone flexibility of P[4] within the helical region surrounding the cysteine residue and then caused more global destabilization, both as detected by HX-MS. These effects correlate with changes in antibody-P[4] binding parameters and alterations in P[4] conformational stability due to C173S modification. Epitope mapping by HX-MS demonstrated involvement of the same cysteine-containing helical region of P[4] in antibody-antigen binding. Future formulation challenges to develop low-cost, multi-dose formulations for new recombinant protein vaccine candidates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawaljit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Nishant Sawant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Sanjeev Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - John M Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David A Holland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Tarit K Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joseph R Brady
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Neil C Dalvie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Mary Kate Tracey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Kerry R Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - J Christopher Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - David D Weis
- Department of Chemistry and R.N. Adams Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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8
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Sawant N, Kaur K, Holland DA, Hickey JM, Agarwal S, Brady JR, Dalvie NC, Tracey MK, Velez-Suberbie ML, Morris SA, Jacob SI, Bracewell DG, Mukhopadhyay TK, Love KR, Love JC, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Rapid Developability Assessments to Formulate Recombinant Protein Antigens as Stable, Low-Cost, Multi-Dose Vaccine Candidates: Case-Study With Non-Replicating Rotavirus (NRRV) Vaccine Antigens. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:1042-1053. [PMID: 33285182 PMCID: PMC7884052 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A two-step developability assessment workflow is described to screen variants of recombinant protein antigens under various formulation conditions to rapidly identify stable, aluminum-adjuvanted, multi-dose vaccine candidates. For proof-of-concept, a series of sequence variants of the recombinant non-replicating rotavirus (NRRV) P[8] protein antigen (produced in Komagataella phaffii) were compared in terms of primary structure, post-translational modifications, antibody binding, conformational stability, relative solubility and preservative compatibility. Based on these results, promising P[8] variants were down-selected and the impact of key formulation conditions on storage stability was examined (e.g., presence or absence of the aluminum-adjuvant Alhydrogel and the preservative thimerosal) as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and antibody binding assays. Good correlations between rapidly-generated developability screening data and storage stability profiles (12 weeks at various temperatures) were observed for aluminum-adsorbed P[8] antigens. These findings were extended and confirmed using variants of a second NRRV antigen, P[4]. These case-study results with P[8] and P[4] NRRV variants are discussed in terms of using this vaccine formulation developability workflow to better inform and optimize formulation design with a wide variety of recombinant protein antigens, with the long-term goal of rapidly and cost-efficiently identifying low-cost vaccine formulations for use in low and middle income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Sawant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Kawaljit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David A Holland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - John M Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Sanjeev Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Joseph R Brady
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Neil C Dalvie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mary Kate Tracey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - M Lourdes Velez-Suberbie
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stephen A Morris
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shaleem I Jacob
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniel G Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tarit K Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kerry R Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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9
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Velez‐Suberbie ML, Morris SA, Kaur K, Hickey JM, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Bracewell DG, Mukhopadhyay TK. Holistic process development to mitigate proteolysis of a subunit rotavirus vaccine candidate produced in Pichia pastoris by means of an acid pH pulse during fed-batch fermentation. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2966. [PMID: 31960616 PMCID: PMC7317458 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To meet the challenges of global health, vaccine design and development must be reconsidered to achieve cost of goods as low as 15¢ per dose. A new recombinant protein-based rotavirus vaccine candidate derived from non-replicative viral subunits fused to a P2 tetanus toxoid CD4(+) T cell epitope is currently under clinical development. We have sought to simplify the existing manufacturing process to meet these aims. To this end, we have taken a holistic process development approach to reduce process complexity and costs while producing a product with the required characteristics. We have changed expression system from Escherichia coli to Pichia pastoris, to produce a secreted product, thereby reducing the number of purification steps. However, the presence of proteases poses challenges to product quality. To understand the effect of fermentation parameters on product quality small-scale fermentations were carried out. Media pH and fermentation duration had the greatest impact on the proportion of full-length product. A novel acidic pH pulse strategy was used to minimize proteolysis, and this combined with an early harvest time significantly increased the proportion of full-length material (60-75%). An improved downstream process using a combination of CIEX and AIEX to further reduce proteases, resulted in maintaining product quality (95% yield).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen A. Morris
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kawaljit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation CenterUniversity of KansasLawrenceKansas
| | - John M. Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation CenterUniversity of KansasLawrenceKansas
| | - Sangeeta B. Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation CenterUniversity of KansasLawrenceKansas
| | - David B. Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation CenterUniversity of KansasLawrenceKansas
| | - Daniel G. Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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