1
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Dannemeyer M, Berling A, Kanje S, Enstedt H, Xu L, Afshari D, Westin M, Hober G, Uhlén M, Hober S, Tegel H. Fast and robust recombinant protein production utilizing episomal stable pools in WAVE bioreactors. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 221:106505. [PMID: 38768672 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Protein reagents are essential resources for several stages of drug discovery projects from structural biology and assay development through lead optimization. Depending on the aim of the project different amounts of pure protein are required. Small-scale expressions are initially used to determine the reachable levels of production and quality before scaling up protein reagent supply. Commonly, amounts of several hundreds of milligrams to grams are needed for different experiments, including structural investigations and activity evaluations, which require rather large cultivation volumes. This implies that cultivation of large volumes of either transiently transfected cells or stable pools/stable cell lines is needed. Hence, a production process that is scalable, speeds up the development projects, and increases the robustness of protein reagent quality throughout scales. Here we present a protein production pipeline with high scalability. We show that our protocols for protein production in Chinese hamster ovary cells allow for a seamless and efficient scale-up with robust product quality and high performance. The flexible scale of the production process, as shown here, allows for shorter lead times in drug discovery projects where there is a reagent demand for a specific protein or a set of target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Dannemeyer
- Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Berling
- Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Kanje
- Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henric Enstedt
- Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - LanLan Xu
- Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Delaram Afshari
- Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Westin
- Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Hober
- Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Hober
- Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Tegel
- Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Reyes SJ, Lemire L, Molina RS, Roy M, L'Ecuyer-Coelho H, Martynova Y, Cass B, Voyer R, Durocher Y, Henry O, Pham PL. Multivariate data analysis of process parameters affecting the growth and productivity of stable Chinese hamster ovary cell pools expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as vaccine antigen in early process development. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3467. [PMID: 38660973 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic revealed an urgent need to develop robust cell culture platforms which can react rapidly to respond to this kind of global health issue. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) stable pools can be a vital alternative to quickly provide gram amounts of recombinant proteins required for early-phase clinical assays. In this study, we analyze early process development data of recombinant trimeric spike protein Cumate-inducible manufacturing platform utilizing CHO stable pool as a preferred production host across three different stirred-tank bioreactor scales (0.75, 1, and 10 L). The impact of cell passage number as an indicator of cell age, methionine sulfoximine (MSX) concentration as a selection pressure, and cell seeding density was investigated using stable pools expressing three variants of concern. Multivariate data analysis with principal component analysis and batch-wise unfolding technique was applied to evaluate the effect of critical process parameters on production variability and a random forest (RF) model was developed to forecast protein production. In order to further improve process understanding, the RF model was analyzed with Shapley value dependency plots so as to determine what ranges of variables were most associated with increased protein production. Increasing longevity, controlling lactate build-up, and altering pH deadband are considered promising approaches to improve overall culture outcomes. The results also demonstrated that these pools are in general stable expressing similar level of spike proteins up to cell passage 11 (~31 cell generations). This enables to expand enough cells required to seed large volume of 200-2000 L bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian-Juan Reyes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Canada
| | - Lucas Lemire
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Canada
| | | | - Marjolaine Roy
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Canada
| | | | - Yuliya Martynova
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Canada
| | - Brian Cass
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Canada
| | - Robert Voyer
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Canada
| | - Olivier Henry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Phuong Lan Pham
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Canada
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3
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Balasubramanian S. Recombinant CHO Cell Pool Generation Using PiggyBac Transposon System. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2810:137-146. [PMID: 38926277 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3878-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
CHO cell pools with desirable characteristics of high titer and consistent product quality are useful for rapid production of recombinant proteins. Here, we describe the generation of CHO cell pools using the piggyBac transposon system for mediating gene integration. The method describes the co-transfection of cells with the donor plasmid (coding for the gene of interest) and the helper plasmid (coding for the transposase) using polyethyleneimine (PEI). This is followed by a genetic selection for the generation of a cell pool. The resulting cell pool can be used to start a batch or fed-batch culture. Alternatively, it can be used for generation of clonal cell lines or generation of cell banks for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Balasubramanian
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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4
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Delafosse L, Lord-Dufour S, Pelletier A, Perret S, Burlacu A, Ouimet M, Cass B, Joubert S, Stuible M, Durocher Y. Recombinant Protein Production from Stable CHO Cell Pools. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2810:99-121. [PMID: 38926275 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3878-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The continuous improvement of expression platforms is necessary to respond to the increasing demand for recombinant proteins that are required to carry out structural or functional studies as well as for their characterization as biotherapeutics. While transient gene expression (TGE) in mammalian cells constitutes a rapid and well-established approach, non-clonal stably transfected cells, or "pools," represent another option, which is especially attractive when recurring productions of the same protein are required. From a culture volume of just a few liters, stable pools can provide hundreds of milligrams to gram quantities of high-quality secreted recombinant proteins.In this chapter, we describe a highly efficient and cost-effective procedure for the generation of Chinese Hamster Ovary cell stable pools expressing secreted recombinant proteins using commercially available serum-free media and polyethylenimine (PEI) as the transfection reagent. As a specific example of how this protocol can be applied, the production and downstream purification of recombinant His-tagged trimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ectodomain (SmT1) are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Delafosse
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Lord-Dufour
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alex Pelletier
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Perret
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alina Burlacu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Ouimet
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian Cass
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Joubert
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew Stuible
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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5
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Roshani A, Mohammadi M, Bahadori T, Ahmadi Zare H, Judaki MA, Mobini M, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Amiri MM, Shokri F. Comparison of different transient gene expression systems for the production of a new humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (Hersintuzumab). Daru 2023; 31:221-231. [PMID: 37695454 PMCID: PMC10624790 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Producing therapeutic proteins can be done quickly and on a large scale through Transient Gene Expression (TGE). Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are commonly used to achieve this. Although there are few comparative studies, TGE has been observed in suspension-adapted CHO cells. OBJECTIVES We tested TGE's effectiveness in DG-44, CHO-S, and ExpiCHO-S cell lines with four transfection reagents. METHODS A design of experiments (DoE) was followed to optimize transfection using a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) construct. To evaluate the efficacy, flow cytometry and ELISA were used. Feeding strategies and temperature shifts were implemented to enhance transfection effectiveness. The quality of the mAb was assessed through ELISA, SDS-PAGE, and proliferation inhibition assays. RESULTS We adapted all cell lines to grow in suspension using a serum-free medium. Our findings from flow cytometry and ELISA tests indicate that PEI and Pmax reagents had a higher rate of transfection and mAb production than the ExpiCHO commercial transfection reagent. While DG-44 cells had better transfection efficiency than CHO-S and ExpiCHO-S, there was no significant difference between CHO-S and ExpiCHO-S. Our TGE system was more productive at 32 °C than at 37 °C. In the optimized TGE of Pmax-based transfection in DG-44 at 37 and 32 °C, the production level of mAb was more than half of the amount of the commercial ExpiCHO-S expression system. Still, the number of transfected cells was three times higher, making it more efficient. The purified mAb from all transfected cell lines had similar structural and functional properties under different conditions. CONCLUSION Our research shows that using Pmax and DG-44 cells in the TGE system is a cost-effective and efficient way to produce humanized monoclonal antibodies. We discovered that this method outperforms the ExpiCHO-S kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Roshani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Bahadori
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hengameh Ahmadi Zare
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Judaki
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mobini
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Golsaz-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Joubert S, Stuible M, Lord-Dufour S, Lamoureux L, Vaillancourt F, Perret S, Ouimet M, Pelletier A, Bisson L, Mahimkar R, Pham PL, L Ecuyer-Coelho H, Roy M, Voyer R, Baardsnes J, Sauvageau J, St-Michael F, Robotham A, Kelly J, Acel A, Schrag JD, El Bakkouri M, Durocher Y. A CHO stable pool production platform for rapid clinical development of trimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike subunit vaccine antigens. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023. [PMID: 36987713 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein expression from stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) clones is an established but time-consuming method for manufacturing therapeutic recombinant proteins. The use of faster, alternative approaches, such as non-clonal stable pools, has been restricted due to lower productivity and longstanding regulatory guidelines. Recently, the performance of stable pools has improved dramatically, making them a viable option for quickly producing drug substance for GLP-toxicology and early-phase clinical trials in scenarios such as pandemics that demand rapid production timelines. Compared to stable CHO clones which can take several months to generate and characterize, stable pool development can be completed in only a few weeks. Here, we compared the productivity and product quality of trimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ectodomains produced from stable CHO pools or clones. Using a set of biophysical and biochemical assays we show that product quality is very similar and that CHO pools demonstrate sufficient productivity to generate vaccine candidates for early clinical trials. Based on these data, we propose that regulatory guidelines should be updated to permit production of early clinical trial material from CHO pools to enable more rapid and cost-effective clinical evaluation of potentially life-saving vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Joubert
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Matthew Stuible
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Lord-Dufour
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Linda Lamoureux
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Vaillancourt
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Perret
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Manon Ouimet
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alex Pelletier
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Bisson
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rohan Mahimkar
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Phuong Lan Pham
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Helene L Ecuyer-Coelho
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marjolaine Roy
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Voyer
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jason Baardsnes
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Janelle Sauvageau
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank St-Michael
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Robotham
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Kelly
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Acel
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Joseph D Schrag
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Majida El Bakkouri
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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7
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Schmieder V, Fieder J, Drerup R, Gutierrez EA, Guelch C, Stolzenberger J, Stumbaum M, Mueller VS, Higel F, Bergbauer M, Bornhoefft K, Wittner M, Gronemeyer P, Braig C, Huber M, Reisenauer-Schaupp A, Mueller MM, Schuette M, Puengel S, Lindner B, Schmidt M, Schulz P, Fischer S. Towards maximum acceleration of monoclonal antibody development: Leveraging transposase-mediated cell line generation to enable GMP manufacturing within 3 months using a stable pool. J Biotechnol 2022; 349:53-64. [PMID: 35341894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, acceleration of development timelines has become a major focus within the biopharmaceutical industry to bring innovative therapies faster to patients. However, in order to address a high unmet medical need even faster further acceleration potential has to be identified to transform "speed-to-clinic" concepts into "warp-speed" development programs. Recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are the predominant expression system for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and are routinely generated by random transgene integration (RTI) of the genetic information into the host cell genome. This process, however, exhibits considerable challenges such as the requirement for a time-consuming clone screening process to identify a suitable clonally derived manufacturing cell line. Hence, RTI represents an error prone and tedious method leading to long development timelines until availability of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-grade drug substance (DS). Transposase-mediated semi-targeted transgene integration (STI) has been recently identified as a promising alternative to RTI as it allows for a more rapid generation of high-performing and stable production cell lines. In this report, we demonstrate how a STI technology was leveraged to develop a very robust DS manufacturing process based on a stable pool cell line at unprecedented pace. Application of the novel strategy resulted in the manufacturing of GMP-grade DS at 2,000 L scale in less than three months paving the way for a start of Phase I clinical trials only six months after transfection. Finally, using a clonally derived production cell line, which was established from the parental stable pool, we were able to successfully implement a process with an increased mAb titer of up to 5 g per liter at the envisioned commercial scale (12,000 L) within eight months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Schmieder
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Juergen Fieder
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Raphael Drerup
- Early Stage Bioprocess Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Erik Arango Gutierrez
- Early Stage Bioprocess Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Carina Guelch
- Late Stage Upstream Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Jessica Stolzenberger
- Late Stage Downstream Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Mihaela Stumbaum
- Early Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Volker Steffen Mueller
- Early Stage Analytics, Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Fabian Higel
- Early Stage Analytics, Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Martin Bergbauer
- Late Stage Analytics, Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Kim Bornhoefft
- Characterization Technologies, Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Manuel Wittner
- Global CMC Experts NBE, Global Quality Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Petra Gronemeyer
- Cell Banking & Inoculum, Focused Factory CS&T, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Christian Braig
- CST Transfer, Focused Factory CS&T, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Michaela Huber
- Process Transfer Cell Culture, Focused Factory Drug Substance, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Anita Reisenauer-Schaupp
- R&D PM NBE, Global R&D Project Management and Development Strategies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Markus Michael Mueller
- CMC PM Process Industrialization Germany, Global Biopharma CMC Project Mgmt&TechRA, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Mark Schuette
- Global Technology Management, Global Innovation & Alliance Management, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Sebastian Puengel
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lindner
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Moritz Schmidt
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Patrick Schulz
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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8
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Screening of CHO-K1 endogenous promoters for expressing recombinant proteins in mammalian cell cultures. Plasmid 2022; 119-120:102620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2022.102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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Effects of ubiquitous chromatin opening element (UCOE) on recombinant anti-TNFα antibody production and expression stability in CHO-DG44 cells. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:31-49. [PMID: 35185284 PMCID: PMC8817031 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the production of antibodies (mAbs) usually faces the risks of transgene expression reduction and instability, especially after long-time culture. The inclusion of ubiquitous chromatin opening element (UCOE) into expression vectors was reported to enhance protein production and maintain transgene expression stability in CHO cell lines. Thus, we investigate the effects of UCOE on recombinant monoclonal anti-TNFα antibody (mAbTNFα) production and expression stability in CHO-DG44 cells. In our study, non-UCOE and UCOE-based vectors encoding mAbTNFα were constructed and introduced into the CHO-DG44 cells. Cell pools and single-cell clones were obtained by selecting transfected cells with G418, amplifying them by treatment with methotrexate (MTX), and isolating them by limiting dilution. The effects of UCOE on mAb production and stable transgene expression in transfected cells were analyzed via the correlation between mAb yields and mRNA expression level variations, and gene copy number changes. The UCOE pool exhibited higher mAb yield compared to non-UCOE pool. The UCOE was associated with higher transgene transcriptional activity, leading to improvement of mAb production after MTX-mediated gene amplification. The incorporation of UCOE generated cells allowed isolation of greater numbers of positive clones with higher expression. Despite the slightly decreased mAb yield, UCOE clones still retain stable long-term expression in the absence of selective pressure, which was explained by the loss of transgene copies rather than due to the decline of transcriptional activity. In addition, the purified mAb had primary chemical and biological characteristics similar to those of adalimumab. The results showed that the incorporation of UCOE within vectors provides significant advantages in the generation of high-producing clones, enhancement of mAb production, and improvement of gene expression stability.
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10
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Doan CC, Ho NQC, Nguyen TT, Nguyen TPT, Do DG, Hoang NS, Le TL. Enhancement of anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody production in CHO cells through the use of UCOE and DHFR elements in vector construction and the optimization of cell culture media. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:452-470. [PMID: 34427158 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1963981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a high demand for anti-tumor necrosis factor-α monoclonal antibodies (mAbTNFα) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Thus, efficient strategies and stable high-producing cell lines need to be established to increase antibody production. In this study, we describe an efficient approach to establish a mAbTNFα high-producing clone through the optimization of expression vectors and cell culture media. The ubiquitous chromatin opening element (UCOE) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)-based vectors encoding mAbTNFα were introduced into the CHO-DG44 cells using lipofection. Clones were obtained by selecting transfected cells with G418, amplifying them by treatment with methotrexate, and isolating them by limiting dilution. Different media formulated with commercial feeds and media were also screened to develop an improved medium. The antibody produced by the selected clone was purified, characterized, and compared to standard adalimumab. Using our established protocol, a cell clone obtained from stable mAbTNFα-expressing cell pools showed a 3.8-fold higher antibody titer compared to stable cell pools. Furthermore, the highest antibody yield of selected clones cultured in fed-batch mode using improved medium was 2450 ± 30 µg/mL, which was 13.2-fold higher than that of stable cell pool cultivated in batch mode using a basal medium. The purified antibody had primary chemical and biological characteristics similar to those of adalimumab. Therefore, the use of UCOE and DHFR vectors in combination with the optimization of cell culture media may help in establishing stable and high-producing CHO cell lines for therapeutic antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinh Chung Doan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quynh Chi Ho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi City, Vietnam
| | - Dang Giap Do
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nghia Son Hoang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Long Le
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi City, Vietnam
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11
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Aebischer-Gumy C, Moretti P, Ollier R, Ries Fecourt C, Rousseau F, Bertschinger M. SPLICELECT™: an adaptable cell surface display technology based on alternative splicing allowing the qualitative and quantitative prediction of secreted product at a single-cell level. MAbs 2021; 12:1709333. [PMID: 31955651 PMCID: PMC6973322 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1709333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a mammalian expression construct (SPLICELECT™) that allows the redirection of a proportion of a secreted protein onto the cell surface using alternative splicing: whereas the majority of the RNA is spliced into a transcript encoding a secreted protein, a weak splice donor site yields a secondary transcript encoding, in addition, a C-terminal transmembrane domain. The different sequence elements can be modified in order to modulate the level of cell surface display and of secretion in an independent manner. In this work, we demonstrated that the cell surface display of stable cell lines is correlated with the level of the secreted protein of interest, but also with the level of heterodimerization in the case of a bispecific antibody. It was also shown that this construct may be useful for rapid screening of multiple antibody candidates in binding assays following transient transfection. Thus, the correlation of product quantity and quality of the secreted and of membrane-displayed product in combination with the flexibility of the construct with regards to cell surface display/secretion levels make SPLICELECT™ a valuable tool with many potential applications, not limited to industrial cell line development or antibody engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Aebischer-Gumy
- Cell Sciences, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Moretti
- Cell Sciences, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Romain Ollier
- Antibody Engineering, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Ries Fecourt
- Antibody Engineering, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - François Rousseau
- Antibody Engineering, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bertschinger
- Cell Sciences, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
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12
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McGraw CE, Peng D, Sandoval NR. Synthetic biology approaches: the next tools for improved protein production from CHO cells. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Wang TY, Guo X. Expression vector cassette engineering for recombinant therapeutic production in mammalian cell systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5673-5688. [PMID: 32372203 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10640-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human tissue plasminogen activator was the first recombinant therapy protein that successfully produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells in 1986 and approved for clinical use. Since then, more and more therapeutic proteins are being manufactured in mammalian cells, and the technologies for recombinant protein production in this expression system have developed rapidly, with the optimization of both upstream and downstream processes. One of the most promising strategies is expression vector cassette optimization based on the expression vector cassette. In this review paper, these approaches and developments are summarized, and the future strategy on the utilizing of expression cassettes for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins in mammalian cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Xiao Guo
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
- Perildicals Publishing House, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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14
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Early integration of Design of Experiment (DOE) and multivariate statistics identifies feeding regimens suitable for CHO cell line development and screening. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:1137-1153. [PMID: 31705334 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines, the establishment of the ideal fed-batch regimen promotes metabolic conditions advantageous for the bioproduction of therapeutic molecules. A tailored, cell line-specific feeding scheme is typically defined during process development (PD) activities, through the incorporation of Design of Experiment (DOE) and late stage cell culture approaches. The feeding during early stage cell line development (CLD) was a simplified "one-fits-all" design, inherited from PD lab, that didn't account for CLD needs of throughput and streamlined workflow. The "one-fits-all" efficiency was not routinely verified when novel technologies were incorporated in CLD and sub-optimal feeding carried the risk of not selecting the most desirable cell lines amenable to late stage PD. In our work we developed the DOE-feed method; a streamlined, three-stages framework for identifying efficient feeding schemes as the CLD technologies evolved. We combined early stage cell culture input data with late-stage techniques, such as statistical modelling, principal component analysis (PCA), DOE and Prediction Profiler. Novel in our DOE-feed work, we deliberately anticipated the application of statistics and approached the method development as an early-stage, continuously updated process, by building iterative datasets and statistically interpreting their responses. We capitalized on the statistical models defined by the DOE-feed methodology to study the influence of feeds on daily productivity and growth and to extrapolate feeding-schemes that improved the cell line screening. The DOE-feed became a methodology suited for CLD needs at AbbVie, and optimized the early stage screening, reduced the operational hands-on time and improved the overall workstream efficiency.
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15
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Wang Q, Chen Y, Park J, Liu X, Hu Y, Wang T, McFarland K, Betenbaugh MJ. Design and Production of Bispecific Antibodies. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8030043. [PMID: 31544849 PMCID: PMC6783844 DOI: 10.3390/antib8030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the current biotherapeutic market dominated by antibody molecules, bispecific antibodies represent a key component of the next-generation of antibody therapy. Bispecific antibodies can target two different antigens at the same time, such as simultaneously binding tumor cell receptors and recruiting cytotoxic immune cells. Structural diversity has been fast-growing in the bispecific antibody field, creating a plethora of novel bispecific antibody scaffolds, which provide great functional variety. Two common formats of bispecific antibodies on the market are the single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-based (no Fc fragment) antibody and the full-length IgG-like asymmetric antibody. Unlike the conventional monoclonal antibodies, great production challenges with respect to the quantity, quality, and stability of bispecific antibodies have hampered their wider clinical application and acceptance. In this review, we focus on these two major bispecific types and describe recent advances in the design, production, and quality of these molecules, which will enable this important class of biologics to reach their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Yiqun Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Yifeng Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Tiexin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kevin McFarland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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16
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Stuible M, van Lier F, Croughan MS, Durocher Y. Beyond preclinical research: production of CHO-derived biotherapeutics for toxicology and early-phase trials by transient gene expression or stable pools. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Yang Y, You M, Chen F, Jia T, Chen Y, Zhou B, Mi Q, An Z, Luo W, Xia N. Efficient development of a stable cell pool for antibody production using a single plasmid. J Biochem 2018; 163:391-398. [PMID: 29361116 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are the fastest growing group of biopharmaceuticals. Evaluation of drug candidates requires a sufficient amount of antibodies. Production of antibodies with stable cell pools is an efficient strategy to produce grams of proteins for drug candidate selection. Many methods have been described for developing stable cell pools for antibody expression. However, most of the reported methods are laborious due to the low frequency of high producers. In this study, we determined optimal vectors and screening parameters to develop a strategy for efficient construction of stable antibody expressing cell pools. The cell pool constructed using the optimized strategy consistently yielded a higher expression titer, up to 10-fold improvement. Further, this method resulted in a higher ratio of the cell pools with the main product peak above 95% as assessed by size-exclusion chromatography. High producers could be obtained by means of screening five 96-well plates. This strategy will greatly reduce clone-screening size during Clinical Lead Selection. This study provides a platform with efficient design of plasmids and screening strategies for significant cost and labour savings in high expression of two-subunit proteins such as antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Min You
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Fentian Chen
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianrong Jia
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Chen
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhou
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Mi
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang An
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenxin Luo
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
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18
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Abstract
CHO cell pools with desirable characteristics of high titer and consistent product quality are useful for rapid production of recombinant proteins. Here we describe the generation of CHO cell pools using the piggyBac transposon system for mediating gene integration. The method describes the co-transfection of cells with the donor plasmid (coding for the gene of interest) and the helper plasmid (coding for the transposase) using polyethyleneimine (PEI). This is followed by a genetic selection for the generation of a cell pool. The resulting cell pool can be used to start a batch or fed-batch culture. Alternatively it can be used for generation of clonal cell lines or generation of cell banks for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Balasubramanian
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,ATUM, Newark, CA, USA.
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19
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An IRES-Mediated Tricistronic Vector for Efficient Generation of Stable, High-Level Monoclonal Antibody Producing CHO DG44 Cell Lines. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1827:335-349. [PMID: 30196505 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8648-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The generation of stable, high-level monoclonal antibody (mAb) producing cell lines remains a major challenge in biopharmaceutical industry. The commonly used plasmid vectors for mAb expression, which express light chain (LC), heavy chain (HC), and selection marker genes on separate vectors or via multiple promoters on a single vector, are not able to accurately control the ratio of LC over HC expression and tend to result in non-expressing clones. To overcome these issues, we have developed a tricistronic vector using two internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) to express the LC, HC, and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) selection marker genes in one transcript. In this tricistronic vector, the three genes are under the control of a hapten-modified human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) promoter containing a core CpG island element (IE) to enhance the production stability. The LC gene is arranged as the first cistron followed by a wild-type IRES to control the HC expression. Such design expresses excess LC polypeptides which enhance mAb expression level and reduce aggregate. A mutated IRES with attenuated strength is applied on DHFR to reduce its expression for enhancing the stringency of selection for high producers. This vector allows easy generation of stable, high mAb producing CHO DG44 pools and clones for antibody development and manufacturing.
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20
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Abstract
Recombinant expression of antibody molecules in mammalian cells offers important advantages over traditionally utilized bacterial expression, including glycosylation required for antibody functionality and markedly reduced levels of endotoxin contamination. Advances in transient mammalian expression systems enable high yields (>100 mg/liter) that now allow for effective recombinant antibody production at a reasonable cost. Here, we provide step-by-step protocols for the design and recombinant expression of full-length IgG antibodies and antibody-derived constructs (including Fab, Fc-fusions and bispecifics) in mammalian cells. Antibody constructs are designed by combining antibody variable domains, generated by phage display or derived from human/humanized monoclonals, with constant regions. The constructs are then expressed from mammalian vectors, secreted into culture media, purified by affinity chromatography and characterized by biolayer interferometry. This article provides detailed protocols, sequences and strategies that allow the expression and purification of endotoxin-free antibody reagents suitable for testing in animal models within a 3-week time frame.
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21
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Romanova N, Noll T. Engineered and Natural Promoters and Chromatin-Modifying Elements for Recombinant Protein Expression in CHO Cells. Biotechnol J 2017; 13:e1700232. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadiya Romanova
- Cell Culture Technology; Faculty of Technology; Bielefeld University; Germany
| | - Thomas Noll
- Cell Culture Technology; Faculty of Technology; Bielefeld University; Germany
- Bielefeld University; Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec); Germany
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22
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Shatz W, Ng D, Dutina G, Wong AW, Dunshee DR, Sonoda J, Shen A, Scheer JM. An efficient route to bispecific antibody production using single-reactor mammalian co-culture. MAbs 2017; 8:1487-1497. [PMID: 27680183 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1234569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies have shown promise in the clinic as medicines with novel mechanisms of action. Lack of efficient production of bispecific IgGs, however, has limited their rapid advancement. Here, we describe a single-reactor process using mammalian cell co-culture production to efficiently produce a bispecific IgG with 4 distinct polypeptide chains without the need for parallel processing of each half-antibody or additional framework mutations. This method resembles a conventional process, and the quality and yield of the monoclonal antibodies are equal to those produced using parallel processing methods. We demonstrate the application of the approach to diverse bispecific antibodies, and its suitability for production of a tissue specific molecule targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and klotho β that is being developed for type 2 diabetes and other obesity-linked disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Shatz
- a Department of Protein Chemistry , Genentech Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Domingos Ng
- b Department of Early Stage Cell Culture , Genentech Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - George Dutina
- b Department of Early Stage Cell Culture , Genentech Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Athena W Wong
- b Department of Early Stage Cell Culture , Genentech Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Diana Ronai Dunshee
- c Department of Molecular Biology , Genentech Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Junichiro Sonoda
- c Department of Molecular Biology , Genentech Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Amy Shen
- b Department of Early Stage Cell Culture , Genentech Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Justin M Scheer
- a Department of Protein Chemistry , Genentech Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
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23
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Generation of monoclonal pan-hemagglutinin antibodies for the quantification of multiple strains of influenza. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180314. [PMID: 28662134 PMCID: PMC5491208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective course of action to prevent influenza. About 150 million doses of influenza vaccines were distributed for the 2015–2016 season in the USA alone according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccine dosage is calculated based on the concentration of hemagglutinin (HA), the main surface glycoprotein expressed by influenza which varies from strain to strain. Therefore yearly-updated strain-specific antibodies and calibrating antigens are required. Preparing these quantification reagents can take up to three months and significantly slows down the release of new vaccine lots. Therefore, to circumvent the need for strain-specific sera, two anti-HA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against a highly conserved sequence have been produced by immunizing mice with a novel peptide-conjugate. Immunoblots demonstrate that 40 strains of influenza encompassing HA subtypes H1 to H13, as well as B strains from the Yamagata and Victoria lineage were detected when the two mAbs are combined to from a pan-HA mAb cocktail. Quantification using this pan-HA mAbs cocktail was achieved in a dot blot assay and results correlated with concentrations measured in a hemagglutination assay with a coefficient of correlation of 0.80. A competitive ELISA was also optimised with purified viral-like particles. Regardless of the quantification method used, pan-HA antibodies can be employed to accelerate process development when strain-specific antibodies are not available, and represent a valuable tool in case of pandemics. These antibodies were also expressed in CHO cells to facilitate large-scale production using bioreactor technologies which might be required to meet industrial needs for quantification reagents. Finally, a simulation model was created to predict the binding affinity of the two anti-HA antibodies to the amino acids composing the highly conserved epitope; different probabilities of interaction between a given amino acid and the antibodies might explain the affinity of each antibody against different influenza strains.
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24
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Ahmadi S, Davami F, Davoudi N, Nematpour F, Ahmadi M, Ebadat S, Azadmanesh K, Barkhordari F, Mahboudi F. Monoclonal antibodies expression improvement in CHO cells by PiggyBac transposition regarding vectors ratios and design. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179902. [PMID: 28662065 PMCID: PMC5491063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing stable Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) usually pass through the random integration of vectors to the cell genome, which is sensitive to gene silencing. One approach to overcome this issue is to target a highly transcribed region in the genome. Transposons are useful devices to target active parts of genomes, and PiggyBac (PB) transposon can be considered as a good option. In the present study, three PB transposon donor vectors containing both heavy and light chains were constructed, one contained independent expression cassettes while the others utilized either an Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) or 2A element to express mAb. Conventional cell pools were created by transferring donor vectors into the CHO cells, whereas transposon-based cells were generated by transfecting the cells with donor vectors with a companion of a transposase-encoding helper vector, with 1:2.5 helper/donor vectors ratio. To evaluate the influence of helper/donor vectors ratio on expression, the second transposon-based cell pools were generated with 1:5 helper/donor ratio. Expression levels in the transposon-based cells were two to five -folds more than those created by conventional method except for the IRES-mediated ones, in which the observed difference increased more than 100-fold. The results were dependent on both donor vector design and vectors ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Ahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Davami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Davoudi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nematpour
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ahmadi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Ebadat
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Fereidoun Mahboudi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: ,
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25
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Poulain A, Perret S, Malenfant F, Mullick A, Massie B, Durocher Y. Rapid protein production from stable CHO cell pools using plasmid vector and the cumate gene-switch. J Biotechnol 2017. [PMID: 28625678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To rapidly produce large amounts of recombinant proteins, the generation of stable Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell pools represents a useful alternative to large-scale transient gene expression (TGE). We have developed a cell line (CHOBRI/rcTA) allowing the inducible expression of recombinant proteins, based on the cumate gene switch. After the identification of optimal plasmid DNA topology (supercoiled vs linearized plasmid) for PEIpro™ mediated transfection and of optimal conditions for methionine sulfoximine (MSX) selection, we were able to generate CHOBRI/rcTA pools producing high levels of recombinant proteins. Volumetric productivities of up to 900mg/L were reproducibly achieved for a Fc fusion protein and up to 350mg/L for an antibody after 14days post-induction in non-optimized fed-batch cultures. In addition, we show that CHO pool volumetric productivities are not affected by a freeze-thaw cycle or following maintenance in culture for over one month in the presence of MSX. Finally, we demonstrate that volumetric protein production with the CR5 cumate-inducible promoter is three- to four-fold higher than with the human CMV or hybrid EF1α-HTLV constitutive promoters. These results suggest that the cumate-inducible CHOBRI/rcTA stable pool platform is a powerful and robust system for the rapid production of gram amounts of recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Poulain
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Perret
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Félix Malenfant
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Alaka Mullick
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Bernard Massie
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.
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26
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Hu Z, Hsu W, Pynn A, Ng D, Quicho D, Adem Y, Kwong Z, Mauger B, Joly J, Snedecor B, Laird MW, Andersen DC, Shen A. A strategy to accelerate protein production from a pool of clones in Chinese hamster ovary cells for toxicology studies. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1449-1455. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilan Hu
- Dept. of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Wendy Hsu
- Dept. of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Abby Pynn
- Dept. of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Domingos Ng
- Dept. of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Donna Quicho
- Dept. of Purification Development; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Yilma Adem
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Development; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Zephie Kwong
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Development; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Brad Mauger
- Dept. of Analytical Development and Quality Control; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - John Joly
- Dept. of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Bradley Snedecor
- Dept. of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Michael W. Laird
- Dept. of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Dana C. Andersen
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Development; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Amy Shen
- Dept. of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080
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27
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Nematpour F, Mahboudi F, Vaziri B, Khalaj V, Ahmadi S, Ahmadi M, Ebadat S, Davami F. Evaluating the expression profile and stability of different UCOE containing vector combinations in mAb-producing CHO cells. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:18. [PMID: 28228095 PMCID: PMC5322649 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the demand for monoclonal antibodies (mAb) increases, more efficient expression methods are required for their manufacturing process. Transcriptional gene silencing is a common phenomenon in recombinant cell lines which leads to expression reduction and instability. There are reports on improved antibody expression in ubiquitous chromatin opening element (UCOE) containing both heavy and light chain gene constructs. Here we investigate the impact of having these elements as part of the light chain, heavy chain or both genes during cell line development. In this regard, non-UCOE and UCOE vectors were constructed and stable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell pools were generated by different vector combinations. Results Expression analysis revealed that all UCOE cell pools had higher antibody yields compared to non-UCOE cells, Moreover the most optimal expression was obtained by cells containing just the UCOE on heavy chain. In terms of stability, it was shown that the high level of expression was kept consistence for more than four months in these cells whereas the expression titers were reduced in the other UCOE pools. Conclusions In conclusion, UCOE significantly enhanced the level and stability of antibody expression and the use of this element with heavy chain provided more stable cell lines with higher production level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nematpour
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Mahboudi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Behrouz Vaziri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Vahid Khalaj
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Samira Ahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Maryam Ahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran.,Departments of Medical Biotechnology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 3519899951, Iran
| | - Saedeh Ebadat
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Davami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran.
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Poitevin Y, Pontini G, Fischer N, Kosco-Vilbois M, Elson G. Magnetic sorting of membrane associated IgG for phenotype-based selection of stable antibody producing cells. J Immunol Methods 2017; 444:1-6. [PMID: 28189705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To establish a simple and widely accessible technique for rapidly selecting high producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells engineered to express a monoclonal antibody (mAb), we have exploited the transient display of recombinant protein on their cell surface. In combination with magnetic bead-based methods, we demonstrate the ability to select for cells of high productivity in the absence of any metabolic-based selection method. This technique is sufficient to obtain genetically stable engineered CHO cells via a single step of cell subcloning and yields sought-after stable, high IgG producing clonal cell lines. This technique may also be applied to other types of cells as well as polyclonal Ab cell pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Poitevin
- Novimmune SA, 14 chemin des Aulx 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Switzerland.
| | - G Pontini
- Novimmune SA, 14 chemin des Aulx 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - N Fischer
- Novimmune SA, 14 chemin des Aulx 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - M Kosco-Vilbois
- Novimmune SA, 14 chemin des Aulx 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - G Elson
- Novimmune SA, 14 chemin des Aulx 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Switzerland
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29
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Spidel JL, Vaessen B, Chan YY, Grasso L, Kline JB. Rapid high-throughput cloning and stable expression of antibodies in HEK293 cells. J Immunol Methods 2016; 439:50-58. [PMID: 27677581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell based amplification of immunoglobulin variable regions is a rapid and powerful technique for cloning antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for purposes ranging from general laboratory reagents to therapeutic drugs. From the initial screening process involving small quantities of hundreds or thousands of mAbs through in vitro characterization and subsequent in vivo experiments requiring large quantities of only a few, having a robust system for generating mAbs from cloning through stable cell line generation is essential. A protocol was developed to decrease the time, cost, and effort required by traditional cloning and expression methods by eliminating bottlenecks in these processes. Removing the clonal selection steps from the cloning process using a highly efficient ligation-independent protocol and from the stable cell line process by utilizing bicistronic plasmids to generate stable semi-clonal cell pools facilitated an increased throughput of the entire process from plasmid assembly through transient transfections and selection of stable semi-clonal cell pools. Furthermore, the time required by a single individual to clone, express, and select stable cell pools in a high-throughput format was reduced from 4 to 6months to only 4 to 6weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yin Yin Chan
- Morphotek Inc., 210 Welsh Pool Road, Exton, PA, USA
| | - Luigi Grasso
- Morphotek Inc., 210 Welsh Pool Road, Exton, PA, USA
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30
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Rajendra Y, Peery RB, Barnard GC. Generation of stable Chinese hamster ovary pools yielding antibody titers of up to 7.6 g/L using the piggyBac transposon system. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1301-1307. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yashas Rajendra
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center; Indianapolis IN 46285
| | - Robert B. Peery
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center; Indianapolis IN 46285
| | - Gavin C. Barnard
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center; Indianapolis IN 46285
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31
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Priola JJ, Calzadilla N, Baumann M, Borth N, Tate CG, Betenbaugh MJ. High-throughput screening and selection of mammalian cells for enhanced protein production. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:853-65. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Priola
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Nathan Calzadilla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD USA
| | | | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology; Universität für Bodenkultur; Vienna Austria
| | | | - Michael J. Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD USA
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32
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Comparison of three transposons for the generation of highly productive recombinant CHO cell pools and cell lines. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:1234-43. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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33
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Harraghy N, Calabrese D, Fisch I, Girod PA, LeFourn V, Regamey A, Mermod N. Epigenetic regulatory elements: Recent advances in understanding their mode of action and use for recombinant protein production in mammalian cells. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:967-78. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Zboray K, Sommeregger W, Bogner E, Gili A, Sterovsky T, Fauland K, Grabner B, Stiedl P, Moll HP, Bauer A, Kunert R, Casanova E. Heterologous protein production using euchromatin-containing expression vectors in mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:e102. [PMID: 25977298 PMCID: PMC4652741 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon stable cell line generation, chromosomal integration site of the vector DNA has a major impact on transgene expression. Here we apply an active gene environment, rather than specified genetic elements, in expression vectors used for random integration. We generated a set of Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) vectors with different open chromatin regions, promoters and gene regulatory elements and tested their impact on recombinant protein expression in CHO cells. We identified the Rosa26 BAC as the most efficient vector backbone showing a nine-fold increase in both polyclonal and clonal production of the human IgG-Fc. Clonal protein production was directly proportional to integrated vector copy numbers and remained stable during 10 weeks without selection pressure. Finally, we demonstrated the advantages of BAC-based vectors by producing two additional proteins, HIV-1 glycoprotein CN54gp140 and HIV-1 neutralizing PG9 antibody, in bioreactors and shake flasks reaching a production yield of 1 g/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Zboray
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sommeregger
- Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria Polymun Scientific GmbH, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Edith Bogner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Andreas Gili
- Polymun Scientific GmbH, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | | | | | - Beatrice Grabner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Patricia Stiedl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Herwig P Moll
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | | | - Renate Kunert
- Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, 1090, Austria Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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35
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Rapid recombinant protein production from piggyBac transposon-mediated stable CHO cell pools. J Biotechnol 2015; 200:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Wilmes GM, Carey KL, Hicks SW, Russell HH, Stevenson JA, Kocjan P, Lutz SR, Quesenberry RS, Shulga-Morskoy SV, Lewis ME, Clark E, Medik V, Cooper AB, Reczek EE. Non-viral adeno-associated virus-based platform for stable expression of antibody combination therapeutics. MAbs 2014; 6:957-67. [PMID: 24758837 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.28917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody combination therapeutics (ACTs) are polyvalent biopharmaceuticals that are uniquely suited for the control of complex diseases, including antibiotic resistant infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders and cancers. However, ACTs also represent a distinct manufacturing challenge because the independent manufacture and subsequent mixing of monoclonal antibodies quickly becomes cost prohibitive as more complex mixtures are envisioned. We have developed a virus-free recombinant protein expression platform based on adeno-associated viral (AAV) elements that is capable of rapid and consistent production of complex antibody mixtures in a single batch format. Using both multiplexed immunoassays and cation exchange (CIEX) chromatography, cell culture supernatants generated using our system were assessed for stability of expression and ratios of the component antibodies over time. Cultures expressing combinations of three to ten antibodies maintained consistent expression levels and stable ratios of component antibodies for at least 60 days. Cultures showed remarkable reproducibility following cell banking, and AAV-based cultures showed higher stability and productivity than non-AAV based cultures. Therefore, this non-viral AAV-based expression platform represents a predictable, reproducible, quick and cost effective method to manufacture or quickly produce for preclinical testing recombinant antibody combination therapies and other recombinant protein mixtures.
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37
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Hou JJC, Hughes BS, Smede M, Leung KM, Levine K, Rigby S, Gray PP, Munro TP. High-throughput ClonePix FL analysis of mAb-expressing clones using the UCOE expression system. N Biotechnol 2014; 31:214-20. [PMID: 24518824 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are commonly produced by high-expressing, clonal, mammalian cells. Creation of these clones for manufacturing remains heavily reliant on stringent selection and gene amplification, which in turn can lead to genetic instability, variable expression, product heterogeneity and prolonged development timelines. Inclusion of cis-acting ubiquitous chromatin opening elements (UCOE™) in mammalian expression vectors has been shown to improve productivity and facilitate high-level gene expression irrespective of the chromosomal integration site without lengthy gene amplification protocols. In this study we have used high-throughput robotic clone selection in combination with UCOE™ containing expression vectors to develop a rapid, streamlined approach for early-stage cell line development and isolation of high-expressing clones for mAb production using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to go from transfection to stable clones in only 4 weeks, while achieving specific productivities exceeding 20 pg/cell/day. Furthermore, we have used this approach to quickly screen several process-crucial parameters including IgG subtype, enhancer-promoter combination and UCOE™ length. The use of UCOE™-containing vectors in combination with automated robotic selection provides a rapid method for the selection of stable, high-expressing clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Jia Cheng Hou
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Ben S Hughes
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew Smede
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kar Man Leung
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kara Levine
- Pharm Chemical Solution (PCS), EMD Millipore, 2 Gill Street, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Susan Rigby
- Pharm Chemical Solution (PCS), EMD Millipore, 2 Gill Street, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Peter P Gray
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Trent P Munro
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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38
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Bandaranayake AD, Almo SC. Recent advances in mammalian protein production. FEBS Lett 2013; 588:253-60. [PMID: 24316512 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian protein production platforms have had a profound impact in many areas of basic and applied research, and an increasing number of blockbuster drugs are recombinant mammalian proteins. With global sales of these drugs exceeding US$120 billion per year, both industry and academic research groups continue to develop cost effective methods for producing mammalian proteins to support pre-clinical and clinical evaluations of potential therapeutics. While a wide range of platforms have been successfully exploited for laboratory use, the bulk of recent biologics have been produced in mammalian cell lines due to the requirement for post translational modification and the biosynthetic complexity of the target proteins. In this review we highlight the range of mammalian expression platforms available for recombinant protein production, as well as advances in technologies for the rapid and efficient selection of highly productive clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok D Bandaranayake
- Departments of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
| | - Steven C Almo
- Departments of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States; Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
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39
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The use of glutamine synthetase as a selection marker: recent advances in Chinese hamster ovary cell line generation processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4155/pbp.13.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Noh SM, Sathyamurthy M, Lee GM. Development of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines for therapeutic protein production. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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41
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Advances in Mammalian cell line development technologies for recombinant protein production. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:579-603. [PMID: 24276168 PMCID: PMC3817724 DOI: 10.3390/ph6050579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
From 2006 to 2011, an average of 15 novel recombinant protein therapeutics have been approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) annually. In addition, the expiration of blockbuster biologics has also spurred the emergence of biosimilars. The increasing numbers of innovator biologic products and biosimilars have thus fuelled the demand of production cell lines with high productivity. Currently, mammalian cell line development technologies used by most biopharmaceutical companies are based on either the methotrexate (MTX) amplification technology or the glutamine synthetase (GS) system. With both systems, the cell clones obtained are highly heterogeneous, as a result of random genome integration by the gene of interest and the gene amplification process. Consequently, large numbers of cell clones have to be screened to identify rare stable high producer cell clones. As such, the cell line development process typically requires 6 to 12 months and is a time, capital and labour intensive process. This article reviews established advances in protein expression and clone screening which are the core technologies in mammalian cell line development. Advancements in these component technologies are vital to improve the speed and efficiency of generating robust and highly productive cell line for large scale production of protein therapeutics.
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42
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Production of functional soluble Dectin-1 glycoprotein using an IRES-linked destabilized-dihydrofolate reductase expression vector. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52785. [PMID: 23300776 PMCID: PMC3530475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dectin-1 (CLEC7A) is a C-type lectin receptor that binds to β-glucans found in fungal cell walls to act as a major pattern recognition receptor (PRR). Since β-glucans epitope is not present in human cells, we are of the opinion that Dectin-1 can have therapeutic functions against fungal infections. We thus set out to produce a soluble extracellular domain of murine Dectin-1 (called sDectin-1) in sufficient titers to facilitate such studies in mouse models. Since sDectin-1 has previously been shown to be glycosylated, we chose to produce this protein using Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, a mammalian host cell line suitable for the high-titer production of recombinant glycoproteins. To ensure a high titer production of sDectin-1 and minimize the effects of gene fragmentation, we constructed a mammalian expression vector with a PEST-destabilized dhfr amplifiable marker downstream of an attenuated IRES element, which was in turn downstream of the sDectin-1 gene and a CMV IE promoter. Stably transfected and MTX-amplified cell pools were generated using this vector, and maximum sDectin-1 titers of 246 mg/l and 598 mg/l were obtained in shake flask batch culture and bioreactor fed-batch culture respectively. The purified recombinant sDectin-1 was shown to be glycosylated. Protein functionality was also demonstrated by its ability to bind to zymosan particles and to the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We describe for the first time the use of an attenuated IRES-linked PEST-destabilized dhfr amplifiable marker for the production of recombinant proteins with stably amplified cell pools. With our process, we reached the highest reported titer for producing recombinant proteins smaller than 50 kDa in cell pools. sDectin-1 protein produced is glycosylated and functional. This vector design can thus be used efficiently for the high-titer production of functional recombinant proteins.
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43
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Kirchhoff J, Raven N, Boes A, Roberts JL, Russell S, Treffenfeldt W, Fischer R, Schinkel H, Schiermeyer A, Schillberg S. Monoclonal tobacco cell lines with enhanced recombinant protein yields can be generated from heterogeneous cell suspension cultures by flow sorting. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2012; 10:936-44. [PMID: 22758383 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2012.00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell suspension cultures can be used for the production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins, but their potential is limited by modest production levels that may be unstable over long culture periods, reflecting initial culture heterogeneity and subsequent genetic and epigenetic changes. We used flow sorting to generate highly productive monoclonal cell lines from a heterogeneous population of tobacco BY-2 cells expressing the human antibody M12 by selecting the co-expressed fluorescent marker protein DsRed located on the same T-DNA. Separation yielded ∼35% wells containing single protoplasts and ∼15% wells with monoclonal microcolonies that formed within 2 weeks. Thus, enriching the population of fluorescent cells from initially 24% to 90-96% in the six monoclonal lines resulted in an up to 13-fold increase in M12 production that remained stable for 10-12 months. This is the first straightforward procedure allowing the generation of monoclonal plant cell suspension cultures by flow sorting, greatly increasing the potential of plant cells as an economical platform for the manufacture of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Kirchhoff
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Aachen, Germany
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44
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Zhu J. Mammalian cell protein expression for biopharmaceutical production. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1158-70. [PMID: 21968146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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45
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Kumar N, Borth N. Flow-cytometry and cell sorting: an efficient approach to investigate productivity and cell physiology in mammalian cell factories. Methods 2012; 56:366-74. [PMID: 22426008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of cell lines used for the production of biotherapeutic proteins typically depends on the number of cells in culture, their specific growth rate, their viability and the cell specific productivity (qP). Therefore both cell line development and process development are trying to (a) improve cell proliferation to reduce lag-phase and achieve high number of cells; (b) delay cell death to prolong the production phase and improve culture longevity; (c) and finally, increase qP. All of these factors, when combined in an optimised process, concur to increase the final titre and yield of the recombinant protein. As cellular performance is at the centre of any improvement, analysis methods that enable the characterisation of individual cells in their entirety can help in identifying cell types and culture conditions that perform exceptionally well. This observation of cells and their complexity is reflected by the term "cytomics" and flow cytometry is one of the methods used for this purpose. With its ability to analyse the distribution of physiological properties within a population and to isolate rare outliers with exceptional properties, flow cytometry ideally complements other methods used for optimisation, including media design and cell engineering. In the present review we describe approaches that could be used, directly or indirectly, to analyse and sort cellular phenotypes characterised by improved growth behaviour, reduced cell death or high qP and outline their potential use for cell line and process optimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University Vienna, Austria
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46
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Abstract
During the early development phase of therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies, representative material is often requested before the final production cell line is established. In order to fulfill such requests, technologies capable of delivering large quantity of proteins quickly are essential. This chapter outlines the stable transfection pool technology that generates grams of proteins within 2 months post transfection. This technology shortens the overall developmental time frame for therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Ye
- Bioprocess Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA.
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47
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Abstract
Producing recombinant mammalian proteins in native or near-native conformation is fundamental to many aspects of biology. Unfortunately, it is also a task whose outcome is extremely unpredictable. A protein that has been shaped over millions of generations of evolution for expression at a level appropriate to a specific cell type or in a particular developmental stage, may be toxic to a new host cell, or become insoluble (among many possible obstacles) when overexpressed in vitro. The object of this volume, "Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells," is to offer guidance for those who wish (or who have been forced by circumstance) to overexpress a mammalian protein in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Hartley
- Protein Expression Laboratory, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
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Abstract
In the past two decades, the production levels for monoclonal antibodies in mammalian expression systems have improved dramatically. Single cell productivity for monoclonal antibodies has increased 20-50 fold due to the improvements in expression hosts, expression vectors, cell culture media, and production processes. However, most of these improvements are proprietary to large pharmaceutical/biotech companies and involve large steel-tank bioreactors. Therefore, these processes are difficult for small companies and academic labs to reproduce. Transient expression in mammalian cells has recently been used very widely for monoclonal antibody expression. Cell line and expression vector engineering increased expression levels to several hundred milligrams per liter. The availability of highly effective transfection reagents and disposable bioreactors make the transient expression process an efficient and cost-effective way to make recombinant antibodies in large quantity. Here, we describe the protocols for small- to mid-scale transient expression of monoclonal antibodies in shake-flasks and for large-scale production in WAVE bioreactors.
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