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Importance of consideration of oxidoreduction potential as a critical quality parameter in food industries. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109108. [PMID: 32331669 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are many intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the nutritional, organoleptic, microbial-enzymatic and physicochemical characteristics of food products. Some of these factors are commonly considered by food processors such as the temperature, water activity, pH, dissolved oxygen and chemical composition, while others are less considered such as the oxidoreduction potential (Eh). This latter factor is an intrinsic electrochemical parameter expressing the tendency of the substance/medium to give or receive electrons. Contrary to what is expected, the important role of Eh is not limited to inorganic chemistry, metallic chemistry, natural water, and wastewater treatment fields but it also covers many domains in biology such as metabolic engineering, enzymatic functions, food safety, and biotechnology. Unfortunately, although the critical roles of Eh in several key reactions occurred in biological media such as food and biotechnological products, its application or controlling is still uncommon or mis-considered by food processors. The lack of specific studies and reviews concerning the Eh and its influences on the quality parameters of products could be a reason for this lack of interest from the side of food processors. Recent studies reported the potential application of this parameter in novel food processing techniques such as reducing atmosphere drying (RAD) of food products and reducing atmosphere packaging (RAP) of fresh food products for preserving the quality attributes and extending the shelf-life of food products. This paper aims to help the technical and operational personnel working in food industry sectors as well as the scientific community to have an updated and a comprehensible review about the Eh parameter permitting its consideration for potential applications in food industries.
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Luo Z, Liu S, Du G, Xu S, Zhou J, Chen J. Enhanced pyruvate production in Candida glabrata
by carrier engineering. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:473-482. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Sha Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
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Improvement of the intracellular environment for enhancing l-arginine production of Corynebacterium glutamicum by inactivation of H 2O 2-forming flavin reductases and optimization of ATP supply. Metab Eng 2016; 38:310-321. [PMID: 27474351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
l-arginine, a semi essential amino acid, is an important amino acid in food flavoring and pharmaceutical industries. Its production by microbial fermentation is gaining more and more attention. In previous work, we obtained a new l-arginine producing Corynebacterium crenatum (subspecies of Corynebacterium glutamicum) through mutation breeding. In this work, we enhanced l-arginine production through improvement of the intracellular environment. First, two NAD(P)H-dependent H2O2-forming flavin reductases Frd181 (encoded by frd1 gene) and Frd188 (encoded by frd2) in C. glutamicum were identified for the first time. Next, the roles of Frd181 and Frd188 in C. glutamicum were studied by overexpression and deletion of the encoding genes, and the results showed that the inactivation of Frd181 and Frd188 was beneficial for cell growth and l-arginine production, owing to the decreased H2O2 synthesis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and increased intracellular NADH and ATP levels. Then, the ATP level was further increased by deletion of noxA (encoding NADH oxidase) and amn (encoding AMP nucleosidase), and overexpression of pgk (encoding 3-phosphoglycerate kinase) and pyk (encoding pyruvate kinase), and the l-arginine production and yield from glucose were significantly increased. In fed-batch fermentation, the l-arginine production and yield from glucose of the final strain reached 57.3g/L and 0.326g/g, respectively, which were 49.2% and 34.2% higher than those of the parent strain, respectively. ROS and ATP are important elements of the intracellular environment, and l-arginine biosynthesis requires a large amount of ATP. For the first time, we enhanced l-arginine production and yield from glucose through reducing the H2O2 synthesis and increasing the ATP supply.
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Ramanavicius A, Andriukonis E, Stirke A, Mikoliunaite L, Balevicius Z, Ramanaviciene A. Synthesis of polypyrrole within the cell wall of yeast by redox-cycling of [Fe(CN)6](3-)/[Fe(CN)6](4-). Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 83:40-7. [PMID: 26777249 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Yeast cells are often used as a model system in various experiments. Moreover, due to their high metabolic activity, yeast cells have a potential to be applied as elements in the design of biofuel cells and biosensors. However a wider application of yeast cells in electrochemical systems is limited due to high electric resistance of their cell wall. In order to reduce this problem we have polymerized conducting polymer polypyrrole (Ppy) directly in the cell wall and/or within periplasmic membrane. In this research the formation of Ppy was induced by [Fe(CN)6](3-)ions, which were generated from K4[Fe(CN)6], which was initially added to polymerization solution. The redox process was catalyzed by oxido-reductases, which are present in the plasma membrane of yeast cells. The formation of Ppy was confirmed by spectrophotometry and atomic force microscopy. It was confirmed that the conducting polymer polypyrrole was formed within periplasmic space and/or within the cell wall of yeast cells, which were incubated in solution containing pyrrole, glucose and [Fe(CN)6](4-). After 24h drying at room temperature we have observed that Ppy-modified yeast cell walls retained their initial spherical form. In contrast to Ppy-modified cells, the walls of unmodified yeast have wrinkled after 24h drying. The viability of yeast cells in the presence of different pyrrole concentrations has been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunas Ramanavicius
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; Laboratory of Bio-Nanotechnology, State Research Institute, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu ave. 231, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Eivydas Andriukonis
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; Laboratory of Bio-Nanotechnology, State Research Institute, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu ave. 231, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Stirke
- Laboratory of Bio-Nanotechnology, State Research Institute, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu ave. 231, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lina Mikoliunaite
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; Laboratory of Bio-Nanotechnology, State Research Institute, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu ave. 231, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Zigmas Balevicius
- Laboratory of Bio-Nanotechnology, State Research Institute, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu ave. 231, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- Laboratory of Bio-Nanotechnology, State Research Institute, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu ave. 231, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania; Nanotechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Influence of Altered NADH Metabolic Pathway on the Respiratory-deficient Mutant of Rhizopus oryzae and its L-lactate Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:2053-64. [PMID: 26047930 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory-deficient mutants of Rhizopus oryzae (R. oryzae) AS 3.3461 were acquired by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation to investigate changes in intracellular NADH metabolic pathway and its influence on the fermentation characteristics of the strain. Compared with R. oryzae AS 3.3461, the intracellular ATP level of the respiratory-deficient strain UV-1 decreased by 52.7 % and the glucose utilization rate rose by 8.9 %; When incubated for 36 h, the activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK), hexokinase (HK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) in the mutant rose by 74.2, 7.2, and 12.0 %, respectively; when incubated for 48 h, the intracellular NADH/NAD(+) ratio of the mutant rose by 14.6 %; when a mixed carbon source with a glucose/gluconic acid ratio of 1:1 was substituted to culture the mutant, the NADH/NAD(+) ratio decreased by 4.6 %; the ATP content dropped by 27.6 %; the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity rose by 22.7 %; and the lactate yield rose by 11.6 %. These results indicated that changes to the NADH metabolic pathway under a low-energy charge level can effectively increase the glycolytic rate and further improve the yield of L-lactate of R. oryzae.
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Rawson FJ, Downard AJ, Baronian KH. Electrochemical detection of intracellular and cell membrane redox systems in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5216. [PMID: 24910017 PMCID: PMC4048887 DOI: 10.1038/srep05216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox mediators can interact with eukaryote cells at a number of different cell locations. While cell membrane redox centres are easily accessible, the redox centres of catabolism are situated within the cytoplasm and mitochondria and can be difficult to access. We have systematically investigated the interaction of thirteen commonly used lipophilic and hydrophilic mediators with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A double mediator system is used in which ferricyanide is the final electron acceptor (the reporter mediator). After incubation of cells with mediators, steady state voltammetry of the ferri/ferrocyanide redox couple allows quantitation of the amount of mediator reduced by the cells. The plateau current at 425 mV vs Ag/AgCl gives the analytical signal. The results show that five of the mediators interact with at least three different trans Plasma Membrane Electron Transport systems (tPMETs), and that four mediators cross the plasma membrane to interact with cytoplasmic and mitochondrial redox molecules. Four of the mediators inhibit electron transfer from S. cerevisiae. Catabolic inhibitors were used to locate the cellular source of electrons for three of the mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankie J Rawson
- 1] Laboratory of Biophysics and Surfaces Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham B15 2TT UK [2] Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Alison J Downard
- 1] Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand [2] MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Keith H Baronian
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Li S, Chen X, Liu L, Chen J. Pyruvate production inCandida glabrata: manipulation and optimization of physiological function. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 36:1-10. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.811636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang D, Feng X, Li S, Chen F, Xu H. Effects of oxygen vectors on the synthesis and molecular weight of poly(γ-glutamic acid) and the metabolic characterization of Bacillus subtilis NX-2. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen F, Feng XH, Liang JF, Xu H, Ouyang PK. An oxidoreduction potential shift control strategy for high purity propionic acid production by Propionibacterium freudenreichii CCTCC M207015 with glycerol as sole carbon source. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 36:1165-76. [PMID: 23108441 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of oxidoreduction potential (ORP) regulation on the process of propionic acid production by Propionibacterium freudenreichii CCTCC M207015 have been investigated. Potassium ferricyanide and sodium borohydride were determined as ORP control agents through serum bottle experiment. In batch fermentation, cell growth, propionic acid and by-products distribution were changed with ORP levels in the range of 0-160 mV. Based on these analysis results, an ORP-shift control strategy was proposed: at first 156 h, ORP was controlled at 120 mV to obtain higher cell growth rate and propionic acid formation rate, and then it was shifted to 80 mV after 156 h to maintain the higher propionic acid formation rate. By applying this strategy, the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: the propionic acid concentration 45.99 g L(-1), productivity 0.192 g L(-1) h(-1), the proportion of propionic acid to total organic acids 92.26 % (w/w) and glycerol conversion efficiency 76.65 %. The mechanism of ORP regulation was discussed by the ratio of NADH/NAD(+), ATP levels, and metabolic flux analysis. The results suggest that it is possible to redistribute energy and metabolic fluxes by the ORP-shift control strategy, and the strategy could provide a simple and efficient tool to realize high purity propionic acid production with glycerol as carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 New Model Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China
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