1
|
Li S, Liu G. Harnessing cellulose-binding protein domains for the development of functionalized cellulose materials. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:74. [PMID: 39052131 PMCID: PMC11272768 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellulosic materials are attracting increasing research interest because of their abundance, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, making them suitable in multiple industrial and medical applications. Functionalization of cellulose is usually required to improve or expand its properties to meet the requirements of different applications. Cellulose-binding domains (CBDs) found in various proteins have been shown to be powerful tools in the functionalization of cellulose materials. In this review, we firstly introduce the structural characteristics of commonly used CBDs belonging to carbohydrate-binding module families 1, 2 and 3. Then, we summarize four main kinds of methodologies for employing CBDs to modify cellulosic materials (i.e., CBD only, genetic fusion, non-covalent linkage and covalent linkage). Via different approaches, CBDs have been used to improve the material properties of cellulose, immobilize enzymes for biocatalysis, and design various detection tools. To achieve industrial applications, researches for lowering the production cost of CBDs, improving their performance (e.g., stability), and expanding their application scenarios are still in need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Li
- Taishan College, School of Life sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Taishan College, School of Life sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei X, Yang X, Hu C, Li Q, Liu Q, Wu Y, Xie L, Ning X, Li F, Cai T, Zhu Z, Zhang YHPJ, Zhang Y, Chen X, You C. ATP-free in vitro biotransformation of starch-derived maltodextrin into poly-3-hydroxybutyrate via acetyl-CoA. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3267. [PMID: 38627361 PMCID: PMC11021460 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro biotransformation (ivBT) facilitated by in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystems (ivSEBs) has emerged as a highly promising biosynthetic platform. Several ivSEBs have been constructed to produce poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) via acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). However, some systems are hindered by their reliance on costly ATP, limiting their practicality. This study presents the design of an ATP-free ivSEB for one-pot PHB biosynthesis via acetyl-CoA utilizing starch-derived maltodextrin as the sole substrate. Stoichiometric analysis indicates this ivSEB can self-maintain NADP+/NADPH balance and achieve a theoretical molar yield of 133.3%. Leveraging simple one-pot reactions, our ivSEBs achieved a near-theoretical molar yield of 125.5%, the highest PHB titer (208.3 mM, approximately 17.9 g/L) and the fastest PHB production rate (9.4 mM/h, approximately 0.8 g/L/h) among all the reported ivSEBs to date, and demonstrated easy scalability. This study unveils the promising potential of ivBT for the industrial-scale production of PHB and other acetyl-CoA-derived chemicals from starch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Wei
- In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Hu
- In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiangzi Li
- In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Leipeng Xie
- In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ning
- In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Cai
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Zhu
- In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Heng P Job Zhang
- In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun You
- In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu MK, Chao CH, Hsu YC. Advanced culture strategy shows varying bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharides of Poria cocos. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126669. [PMID: 37660853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the bioactivity of six sulfated polysaccharides derived from glucose- and sucrose-feeding extracted from P. cocos. Anti-inflammatory potentials of these polysaccharides were evaluated by pretreating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. Of the tested polysaccharides, the sulfated polysaccharide derived from sucrose-feeding at the concentration of 40 g/l (referred to as "suc 40") exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity, of 83 %, and 33 % inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α secretion, respetively. It achieved this by inhibiting the p-38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK signaling pathways. On the other hand, the sulfated polysaccharide derived from glucose-feeding at a concentration of 20 g/l (referred to as "glc 20") demonstrated the greatest anti-lung cancer activity. This was achieved by inducing apoptotic-related molecules, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and CHOP. Furthermore, glc 20 had the highest contents of sulfate, fucose, and mannose compared to the other tested polysaccharides. This suggests that the composition of monosaccharide residues are critical factors influencing the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of these sulfated polysaccharides. Overall, this study highlights the potential of sulfated polysaccharides derived from P. cocos to function as bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Li-Nung St., 7 Sec. 2, Shipai, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Hsu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kang Q, Fang H, Xiang M, Xiao K, Jiang P, You C, Lee SY, Zhang D. A synthetic cell-free 36-enzyme reaction system for vitamin B 12 production. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5177. [PMID: 37620358 PMCID: PMC10449867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), a biologically active form of vitamin B12 (coenzyme B12), is one of the most complex metal-containing natural compounds and an essential vitamin for animals. However, AdoCbl can only be de novo synthesized by prokaryotes, and its industrial manufacturing to date was limited to bacterial fermentation. Here, we report a method for the synthesis of AdoCbl based on a cell-free reaction system performing a cascade of catalytic reactions from 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), an inexpensive compound. More than 30 biocatalytic reactions are integrated and optimized to achieve the complete cell-free synthesis of AdoCbl, after overcoming feedback inhibition, the complicated detection, instability of intermediate products, as well as imbalance and competition of cofactors. In the end, this cell-free system produces 417.41 μg/L and 5.78 mg/L of AdoCbl using 5-ALA and the purified intermediate product hydrogenobyrate as substrates, respectively. The strategies of coordinating synthetic modules of complex cell-free system describe here will be generally useful for developing cell-free platforms to produce complex natural compounds with long and complicated biosynthetic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Kang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, 100049, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Fang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, 100049, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengjie Xiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, 100049, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaixing Xiao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Pingtao Jiang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun You
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, 100049, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four program), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dawei Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, 300308, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leonhardt F, Gennari A, Paludo GB, Schmitz C, da Silveira FX, Moura DCDA, Renard G, Volpato G, Volken de Souza CF. A systematic review about affinity tags for one-step purification and immobilization of recombinant proteins: integrated bioprocesses aiming both economic and environmental sustainability. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:186. [PMID: 37193330 PMCID: PMC10182917 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03616-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reviewed and discussed the promising affinity tags for one-step purification and immobilization of recombinant proteins. The approach used to structure this systematic review was The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) methodology. The Scopus and Web of Science databases were used to perform the bibliographic survey by which 267 articles were selected. After the inclusion/exclusion criteria and the screening process, from 25 chosen documents, we identified 7 types of tags used in the last 10 years, carbohydrate-binding module tag (CBM), polyhistidine (His-tag), elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), silaffin-3-derived pentalysine cluster (Sil3k tag), N-acetylmuramidase (AcmA tag), modified haloalkane dehalogenase (HaloTag®), and aldehyde from a lipase polypeptide (Aldehyde tag). The most used bacterial host for expressing the targeted protein was Escherichia coli and the most used expression vector was pET-28a. The results demonstrated two main immobilization and purification methods: the use of supports and the use of self-aggregating tags without the need of support, depending on the tag used. Besides, the chosen terminal for cloning the tag proved to be very important once it could alter enzyme activity. In conclusion, the best tag for protein one-step purification and immobilization was CBM tag, due to the eco-friendly supports that can be provided from industry wastes, the fast immobilization with high specificity, and the reduced cost of the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Leonhardt
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari, Univates, Av. Avelino Tallini, 171, Lajeado, RS ZC 95914-014 Brazil
| | - Adriano Gennari
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari, Univates, Av. Avelino Tallini, 171, Lajeado, RS ZC 95914-014 Brazil
| | - Graziela Barbosa Paludo
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari, Univates, Av. Avelino Tallini, 171, Lajeado, RS ZC 95914-014 Brazil
| | - Caroline Schmitz
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari, Univates, Av. Avelino Tallini, 171, Lajeado, RS ZC 95914-014 Brazil
| | - Filipe Xerxeneski da Silveira
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, IFRS, Porto Alegre Campus, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | | | - Gaby Renard
- Quatro G Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento Ltda, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Giandra Volpato
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, IFRS, Porto Alegre Campus, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Claucia Fernanda Volken de Souza
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari, Univates, Av. Avelino Tallini, 171, Lajeado, RS ZC 95914-014 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Samyn P, Meftahi A, Geravand SA, Heravi MEM, Najarzadeh H, Sabery MSK, Barhoum A. Opportunities for bacterial nanocellulose in biomedical applications: Review on biosynthesis, modification and challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123316. [PMID: 36682647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a natural polysaccharide produced as extracellular material by bacterial strains and has favorable intrinsic properties for primary use in biomedical applications. In this review, an update on state-of-the art and challenges in BNC production, surface modification and biomedical application is given. Recent insights in biosynthesis allowed for better understanding of governing parameters improving production efficiency. In particular, introduction of different carbon/nitrogen sources from alternative feedstock and industrial upscaling of various production methods is challenging. It is important to have control on the morphology, porosity and forms of BNC depending on biosynthesis conditions, depending on selection of bacterial strains, reactor design, additives and culture conditions. The BNC is intrinsically characterized by high water absorption capacity, good thermal and mechanical stability, biocompatibility and biodegradability to certain extent. However, additional chemical and/or physical surface modifications are required to improve cell compatibility, protein interaction and antimicrobial properties. The novel trends in synthesis include the in-situ culturing of hybrid BNC nanocomposites in combination with organic material, inorganic material or extracellular components. In parallel with toxicity studies, the applications of BNC in wound care, tissue engineering, medical implants, drug delivery systems or carriers for bioactive compounds, and platforms for biosensors are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Samyn
- SIRRIS, Department Innovations in Circular Economy, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Amin Meftahi
- Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Abbasi Geravand
- Department of Technical & Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamideh Najarzadeh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Science And Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmed Barhoum
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Q, Meng D, You C. An artificial multi-enzyme cascade biocatalysis for biomanufacturing of nicotinamide mononucleotide from starch and nicotinamide in one-pot. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 162:110122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
8
|
Li G, Wei X, Wu R, Zhou W, Li Y, Zhu Z, You C. Stoichiometric Conversion of Maltose for Biomanufacturing by In Vitro Synthetic Enzymatic Biosystems. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9806749. [PMID: 37850132 PMCID: PMC10521662 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9806749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Maltose is a natural α-(1,4)-linked disaccharide with wide applications in food industries and microbial fermentation. However, maltose has scarcely been used for in vitro biosynthesis, possibly because its phosphorylation by maltose phosphorylase (MP) yields β-glucose 1-phosphate (β-G1P) that cannot be utilized by α-phosphoglucomutase (α-PGM) commonly found in in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystems previously constructed by our group. Herein, we designed an in vitro synthetic enzymatic reaction module comprised of MP, β-phosphoglucomutase (β-PGM), and polyphosphate glucokinase (PPGK) for the stoichiometric conversion of each maltose molecule to two glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) molecules. Based on this synthetic module, we further constructed two in vitro synthetic biosystems to produce bioelectricity and fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP), respectively. The 14-enzyme biobattery achieved a Faraday efficiency of 96.4% and a maximal power density of 0.6 mW/cm2, whereas the 5-enzyme in vitro FDP-producing biosystem yielded 187.0 mM FDP from 50 g/L (139 mM) maltose by adopting a fed-batch substrate feeding strategy. Our study not only suggests new application scenarios for maltose but also provides novel strategies for the high-efficient production of bioelectricity and value-added biochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 1038 Dagu Nanlu, Hexi District, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinlei Wei
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Ranran Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yunjie Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308China
| | - Chun You
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Benito M, Román R, Ortiz G, Casablancas A, Álvaro G, Caminal G, González G, Guillén M. Cloning, expression, and one-step purification/immobilization of two carbohydrate-binding module-tagged alcohol dehydrogenases. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:16. [PMID: 35765016 PMCID: PMC9241262 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The feasibility of biochemical transformation processes is usually greatly dependent on biocatalysts cost. Therefore, immobilizing and reusing biocatalysts is an approach to be considered to bring biotransformations closer to industrial feasibility, since it does not only allow to reuse enzymes but can also improve their stability towards several reaction conditions. Carbohydrate-Binding Modules (CBM) are well-described domains involved in substrate binding which have been already used as purification tags. RESULTS In this work, two different Carbohydrate-Binding Modules (CBM3 and CBM9) have been successfully fused to an alcohol dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which has been produced in bench-scale reactor using an auxotrophic M15-derived E. coli strain, following a fed-batch strategy with antibiotic-free medium. Around 40 mg·g- 1 DCW of both fusion proteins were produced, with a specific activity of > 65 AU·mg- 1. Overexpressed proteins were bound to a low-cost and highly selective cellulosic support by one-step immobilization/purification process at > 98% yield, retaining about a 90% of initial activity. Finally, the same support was also used for protein purification, aiming to establish an alternative to metal affinity chromatography, by which CBM9 tag proved to be useful, with a recovery yield of > 97% and 5-fold increased purity grade. CONCLUSION CBM domains were proved to be suitable for one-step immobilization/purification process, retaining almost total activity offered. However, purification process was only successful with CBM9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Benito
- Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Biocatalysis Group, Department of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ramón Román
- Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Biocatalysis Group, Department of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Garazi Ortiz
- Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Biocatalysis Group, Department of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antoni Casablancas
- Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Biocatalysis Group, Department of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gregorio Álvaro
- Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Biocatalysis Group, Department of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gloria Caminal
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria González
- Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Biocatalysis Group, Department of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Marina Guillén
- Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Biocatalysis Group, Department of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tian C, Yang J, Liu C, Chen P, Zhang T, Men Y, Ma H, Sun Y, Ma Y. Engineering substrate specificity of HAD phosphatases and multienzyme systems development for the thermodynamic-driven manufacturing sugars. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3582. [PMID: 35739124 PMCID: PMC9226320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally, haloacid dehalogenase superfamily phosphatases have been evolved with broad substrate promiscuity; however, strong specificity to a particular substrate is required for developing thermodynamically driven routes for manufacturing sugars. How to alter the intrinsic substrate promiscuity of phosphatases and fit the “one enzyme-one substrate” model remains a challenge. Herein, we report the structure-guided engineering of a phosphatase, and successfully provide variants with tailor-made preference for three widespread phosphorylated sugars, namely, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, and mannose 6-phosphate, while simultaneously enhancement in catalytic efficiency. A 12000-fold switch from unfavorite substrate to dedicated one is generated. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the origin of improved activity and substrate specificity. Furthermore, we develop four coordinated multienzyme systems and accomplish the conversion of inexpensive sucrose and starch to fructose and mannose in excellent yield of 94–96%. This innovative sugar-biosynthesis strategy overcomes the reaction equilibrium of isomerization and provides the promise of high-yield manufacturing of other monosaccharides and polyols. Haloacid dehalogenase-like phosphatases are widespread across all domains of life and play a crucial role in the regulation of levels of sugar phosphate metabolites in cells. The authors report on the structure-guided engineering of phosphatases for dedicated substrate specificity for the conversion of sucrose and starch into fructose and mannose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China. .,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Cui Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Peng Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yan Men
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Hongwu Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China. .,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China. .,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Yanhe Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shi P, Wu R, Wang J, Ma C, Li Z, Zhu Z. Biomass sugar-powered enzymatic fuel cells based on a synthetic enzymatic pathway. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 144:108008. [PMID: 34902664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biomass stores a tremendous amount of chemical energy and is considered as an abundant and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. However, the use of biomass to produce mW-level electricity for portable devices suffers from its structural complexity and therefore low energy conversion efficiency. In this study, we design an enzymatic pathway that could co-utilize and completely oxidize glucose and xylose from biomass hydrolysate to achieve high energy density in EFC. Faraday efficiency of 92% and maximum power density of 0.14 mW cm-2 are achieved in this EFC. After the systematically optimization of enzyme loading and temperature as well as the removal of enzyme inhibitor from biomass hydrolysate by activated charcoal, the biomass sugar-powered EFC could reach a maximum power density of 0.5 mW cm-2 and remain 60% of the initial value after 10 days. These results offer a feasible way to extract the energy stored in biomass as much as possible without the side effects of biomass hydrolysate on EFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peikang Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ranran Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Chunling Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zehua Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Orientated Immobilization of FAD-Dependent Glucose Dehydrogenase on Electrode by Carbohydrate-Binding Module Fusion for Efficient Glucose Assay. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115529. [PMID: 34073858 PMCID: PMC8197230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery or engineering of fungus-derived FAD-dependent glucose 1-dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH) is especially important in the fabrication and performance of glucose biosensors. In this study, a novel FAD-GDH gene, phylogenetically distantly with other FAD-GDHs from Aspergillus species, was identified. Additionally, the wild-type GDH enzyme, and its fusion enzyme (GDH-NL-CBM2) with a carbohydrate binding module family 2 (CBM2) tag attached by a natural linker (NL), were successfully heterogeneously expressed. In addition, while the GDH was randomly immobilized on the electrode by conventional methods, the GDH-NL-CBM2 was orientationally immobilized on the nanocellulose-modified electrode by the CBM2 affinity adsorption tag through a simple one-step approach. A comparison of the performance of the two electrodes demonstrated that both electrodes responded linearly to glucose in the range of 0.12 to 40.7 mM with a coefficient of determination R2 > 0.999, but the sensitivity of immobilized GDH-NL-CBM2 (2.1362 × 10−2 A/(M*cm2)) was about 1-fold higher than that of GDH (1.2067 × 10−2 A/(M*cm2)). Moreover, a lower detection limit (51 µM), better reproducibility (<5%) and stability, and shorter response time (≈18 s) and activation time were observed for the GDH-NL-CBM2-modified electrode. This facile and easy immobilization approach used in the preparation of a GDH biosensor may open up new avenues in the development of high-performance amperometric biosensors.
Collapse
|
13
|
Dong H, Zhang W, Zhou S, Huang J, Wang P. Engineering bioscaffolds for enzyme assembly. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107721. [PMID: 33631185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
With the demand for green, safe, and continuous biocatalysis, bioscaffolds, compared with synthetic scaffolds, have become a desirable candidate for constructing enzyme assemblages because of their biocompatibility and regenerability. Biocompatibility makes bioscaffolds more suitable for safe and green production, especially in food processing, production of bioactive agents, and diagnosis. The regenerability can enable the engineered biocatalysts regenerate through simple self-proliferation without complex re-modification, which is attractive for continuous biocatalytic processes. In view of the unique biocompatibility and regenerability of bioscaffolds, they can be classified into non-living (polysaccharide, nucleic acid, and protein) and living (virus, bacteria, fungi, spore, and biofilm) bioscaffolds, which can fully satisfy these two unique properties, respectively. Enzymes assembled onto non-living bioscaffolds are based on single or complex components, while enzymes assembled onto living bioscaffolds are based on living bodies. In terms of their unique biocompatibility and regenerability, this review mainly covers the current advances in the research and application of non-living and living bioscaffolds with focus on engineering strategies for enzyme assembly. Finally, the future development of bioscaffolds for enzyme assembly is also discussed. Hopefully, this review will attract the interest of researchers in various fields and empower the development of biocatalysis, biomedicine, environmental remediation, therapy, and diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shengmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaofang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
An ATP-free in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem facilitating one-pot stoichiometric conversion of starch to mannitol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1913-1924. [PMID: 33544214 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
D-Mannitol (hereinafter as mannitol) is a six-carbon sugar alcohol with diverse applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. To overcome the drawbacks of the chemical hydrogenation method commonly used for mannitol production at present, there is a need to search for novel prospective mannitol production strategies that are of high yield and low cost. In this study, we present a novel approach for the stoichiometric synthesis of mannitol via an in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem using the low-cost starch as substrate. By dividing the overall reaction pathway into three modules which could be executed sequentially in one pot, our design aimed at the stoichiometric conversion of starch-based materials into mannitol in an ATP-independent and cofactor-balanced manner. At optimized conditions, high product yields of around 95-98% were achieved using both 10 g/L and 50 g/L maltodextrin as substrate, indicating the potential of our designed system for industrial applications. This study not only provides a high-efficient strategy for the synthesis of mannitol but also expands the product scope of sugar alcohols by the in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystems using low-cost starch-based materials as the input. KEY POINTS : • We described a design-build-test-learn pipeline to construct in vitro biosystems. • The designed system comprised six key enzymes and another three enzymes. • The system converted maltodextrin stoichiometrically to mannitol in one pot.
Collapse
|
15
|
Meng D, Wei X, Bai X, Zhou W, You C. Artificial in Vitro Synthetic Enzymatic Biosystem for the One-Pot Sustainable Biomanufacturing of Glucosamine from Starch and Inorganic Ammonia. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Meng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Wei
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Bai
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun You
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Duong MM, Carmody CM, Nugen SR. Phage-based biosensors: in vivo analysis of native T4 phage promoters to enhance reporter enzyme expression. Analyst 2020; 145:6291-6297. [PMID: 32945826 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phage-based biosensors have shown significant promise in meeting the present needs of the food and agricultural industries due to a combination of sufficient portability, speed, ease of use, sensitivity, and low production cost. Although current phage-based methods do not meet the bacteria detection limit imposed by the EPA, FDA, and USDA, a better understanding of phage genetics can significantly increase their sensitivity as biosensors. In the current study, the signal sensitivity of a T4 phage-based detection system was improved via transcriptional upregulation of the reporter enzyme Nanoluc luciferase (Nluc). An efficient platform to evaluate the promoter activity of reporter T4 phages was developed. The ability to upregulate Nluc within T4 phages was evaluated using 15 native T4 promoters. Data indicates a six-fold increase in reporter enzyme signal from integration of the selected promoters. Collectively, this work demonstrates that fine tuning the expression of reporter enzymes such as Nluc through optimization of transcription can significantly reduce the limits of detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Duong
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou J, Chen J, Zhuang N, Zhang A, Chen K, Xu N, Xin F, Zhang W, Dong W, Jiang M. Immobilization and Purification of Enzymes With the Novel Affinity Tag ChBD-AB From Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:579. [PMID: 32596227 PMCID: PMC7303509 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new protein immobilization and purification system has been developed based on the improved plasmid vectors, designated pETChBD-X, which contained the gene coding for two novel chitin-binding domains ChBD-AB, factor Xa cleavage site and adapted for gene fusions. The ChBD-AD from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 was used as a novel affinity tag to anchor fusion proteins to chitin granules. The granules carrying the ChBD-AD fusion proteins can be isolated by a simple centrifugation step and used directly for some applications. Moreover, when required, a practically pure preparation of the soluble recombination protein can be obtained after Factor Xa cleavage. The efficiency of this system has been demonstrated by reaching 95% of protein absorbed to chitin within 30 min and recycling over 75% of interest protein after Factor Xa cleavage to separate interest protein and fusion tag. Furthermore, 65% L-glutamate oxidase with this fusion tag could be purified and immobilized within only one step and to be reused in converting L-glutamate to α-ketoglutaric acid directly, the average conversion rate kept above 65% even within four batches of enzyme conversion reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nisha Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Alei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xiao Q, Han J, Jiang C, Luo M, Zhang Q, He Z, Hu J, Wang G. Novel Fusion Protein Consisting of Metallothionein, Cellulose Binding Module, and Superfolder GFP for Lead Removal from the Water Decoction of Traditional Chinese Medicine. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2893-2898. [PMID: 32095711 PMCID: PMC7034022 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many methods have been used to detect heavy metals in herbal medicines, while few are developed to remove them. In this study, a novel genetically engineered fusion protein composed of metallothionein (MT), cellulose binding module (CBM), and superfolder GFP (sfGFP) was designed to remove heavy metals. MT, a kind of cysteine-rich protein, was used to chelate heavy metals with high specific affinity. The CBM facilitated the fusion protein MT-CBM-sfGFP binding to cellulose specifically, which made the purification and immobilization in one step. The sfGFP was used to detect the fusion protein MT-CBM-sfGFP easily during the process of expression and immobilization. The MT from Cancer pagurus (MTCap) and the CBM from Cellulomonas fimi (CBMCef) were used as an example and the fusion protein (MTCap-CBMCef-sfGFP) was expressed in Escherichia coli. Then, the cell lysates were mechanically mixed with cellulose to create biosorbent MTCap-CBMCef-sfGFP@cellulose. The efficiency of the biosorbent MTCap-CBMCef-sfGFP@cellulose for Pb2+ removal was evaluated using the water decoction of Honeysuckle as a model. Results suggested that MTCap-CBMCef-sfGFP@cellulose had high efficiency for Pb2+ removal from the water decoction of Honeysuckle without affecting its active ingredients. The low-cost, easy production, and high efficiency of the biosorbent enable it to have many applications in heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions of herbal medicines and food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiao
- Institute
of Drug Research, Fujian Academy of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, No.
282 Wusi Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou 350003, P. R. China
| | - Jing Han
- Institute
of Drug Research, Fujian Academy of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, No.
282 Wusi Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou 350003, P. R. China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Institute
of Drug Research, Fujian Academy of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, No.
282 Wusi Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou 350003, P. R. China
| | - Meng Luo
- College
of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou
University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou 350116, P.
R. China
| | - Qingyi Zhang
- College
of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou 350122, P.
R. China
| | - Zhaodong He
- Institute
of Drug Research, Fujian Academy of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, No.
282 Wusi Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou 350003, P. R. China
| | - Juan Hu
- Institute
of Drug Research, Fujian Academy of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, No.
282 Wusi Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou 350003, P. R. China
- College
of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou 350122, P.
R. China
| | - Guozeng Wang
- College
of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou
University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou 350116, P.
R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang W, Meng D, Li Q, Li Z, You C. Characterization of a hyperthermophilic phosphatase from Archaeoglobus fulgidus and its application in in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
20
|
Wei X, Xie L, Job Zhang YHP, You C. Stoichiometric Regeneration of ATP by A NAD(P)/CoA-free and Phosphate-balanced In Vitro
Synthetic Enzymatic Biosystem. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Wei
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 West 7th Avenue Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P. R. China
| | - Leipeng Xie
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 West 7th Avenue Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences; Henan Agricultural University; 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Yi-Heng P. Job Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 West 7th Avenue Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P. R. China
| | - Chun You
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 West 7th Avenue Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu R, Ma C, Zhang YHP, Zhu Z. Complete Oxidation of Xylose for Bioelectricity Generation by Reconstructing a Bacterial Xylose Utilization Pathway in vitro. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201702018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 West 7 Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| | - Chunling Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 West 7 Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| | - Y.-H. Percival Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 West 7 Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| | - Zhiguang Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 West 7 Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhu Z, Ma C, Percival Zhang YH. Co-utilization of mixed sugars in an enzymatic fuel cell based on an in vitro enzymatic pathway. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
23
|
Singh S, Hinkley T, Nugen SR, Talbert JN. Fusion of carbohydrate binding module to mutant alkaline phosphatase for immobilization on cellulose. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
24
|
Zhang YHP, Sun J, Ma Y. Biomanufacturing: history and perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 44:773-784. [PMID: 27837351 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Biomanufacturing is a type of manufacturing that utilizes biological systems (e.g., living microorganisms, resting cells, animal cells, plant cells, tissues, enzymes, or in vitro synthetic (enzymatic) systems) to produce commercially important biomolecules for use in the agricultural, food, material, energy, and pharmaceutical industries. History of biomanufacturing could be classified into the three revolutions in terms of respective product types (mainly), production platforms, and research technologies. Biomanufacturing 1.0 focuses on the production of primary metabolites (e.g., butanol, acetone, ethanol, citric acid) by using mono-culture fermentation; biomanufacturing 2.0 focuses on the production of secondary metabolites (e.g., penicillin, streptomycin) by using a dedicated mutant and aerobic submerged liquid fermentation; and biomanufacturing 3.0 focuses on the production of large-size biomolecules—proteins and enzymes (e.g., erythropoietin, insulin, growth hormone, amylase, DNA polymerase) by using recombinant DNA technology and advanced cell culture. Biomanufacturing 4.0 could focus on new products, for example, human tissues or cells made by regenerative medicine, artificial starch made by in vitro synthetic biosystems, isobutanol fermented by metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology-driven microorganisms, as well as exiting products produced by far better approaches. Biomanufacturing 4.0 would help address some of the most important challenges of humankind, such as food security, energy security and sustainability, water crisis, climate change, health issues, and conflict related to the energy, food, and water nexus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Percival Zhang
- 0000000119573309 grid.9227.e Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Science 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area 300308 Tianjin China
- 0000 0001 0694 4940 grid.438526.e Biological Systems Engineering Department Virginia Tech 304 Seitz Hall 24061 Blacksburg VA USA
| | - Jibin Sun
- 0000000119573309 grid.9227.e Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Science 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area 300308 Tianjin China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- 0000000119573309 grid.9227.e Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Science 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area 300308 Tianjin China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhu Z, Zhang YHP. In vitro metabolic engineering of bioelectricity generation by the complete oxidation of glucose. Metab Eng 2017; 39:110-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Moustafa HMA, Kim EJ, Zhu Z, Wu CH, Zaghloul TI, Adams MWW, Zhang YHP. Water Splitting for High-Yield Hydrogen Production Energized by Biomass Xylooligosaccharides Catalyzed by an Enzyme Cocktail. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M. A. Moustafa
- Biological Systems Engineering Department; Virginia Tech; 304 Seitz Hall Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
- Biotechnology Department; Institute of Graduate Studies and Research; Alexandria University; 163 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Chatby Alexandria 21526 Egypt
| | - Eui-Jin Kim
- Biological Systems Engineering Department; Virginia Tech; 304 Seitz Hall Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Zhiguang Zhu
- Cell Free Bioinnovations, Inc.; 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 222 Blacksburg Virginia 24060 USA
| | - Chang-Hao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Taha I. Zaghloul
- Biotechnology Department; Institute of Graduate Studies and Research; Alexandria University; 163 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Chatby Alexandria 21526 Egypt
| | - Michael W. W. Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Y.-H. Percival Zhang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department; Virginia Tech; 304 Seitz Hall Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
- Cell Free Bioinnovations, Inc.; 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 222 Blacksburg Virginia 24060 USA
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Spieler V, Valldorf B, Maaß F, Kleinschek A, Hüttenhain SH, Kolmar H. Coupled reactions on bioparticles: Stereoselective reduction with cofactor regeneration on PhaC inclusion bodies. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:890-8. [PMID: 26901842 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chiral alcohols are important building blocks for specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The production of chiral alcohols from ketones can be carried out stereo selectively with alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs). To establish a process for cost-effective enzyme immobilization on solid phase for application in ketone reduction, we used an established enzyme pair consisting of ADH from Rhodococcus erythropolis and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) from Candida boidinii for NADH cofactor regeneration and co-immobilized them on modified poly-p-hydroxybutyrate synthase (PhaC)-inclusion bodies that were recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli cells. After separate production of genetically engineered and recombinantly produced enzymes and particles, cell lysates were combined and enzymes endowed with a Kcoil were captured on the surface of the Ecoil presenting particles due to coiled-coil interaction. Enzyme-loaded particles could be easily purified by centrifugation. Total conversion of 4'-chloroacetophenone to (S)-4-chloro-α-methylbenzyl alcohol could be accomplished using enzyme-loaded particles, catalytic amounts of NAD(+) and formate as substrates for FDH. Chiral GC-MS analysis revealed that immobilized ADH retained enantioselectivity with 99 % enantiomeric excess. In conclusion, this strategy may become a cost-effective alternative to coupled reactions using purified enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Spieler
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Valldorf
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Franziska Maaß
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang YHP. Production of biofuels and biochemicals by in vitro synthetic biosystems: Opportunities and challenges. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1467-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
30
|
Recombinant CBM-fusion technology - Applications overview. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:358-69. [PMID: 25689072 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are small components of several enzymes, which present an independent fold and function, and specific carbohydrate-binding activity. Their major function is to bind the enzyme to the substrate enhancing its catalytic activity, especially in the case of insoluble substrates. The immense diversity of CBMs, together with their unique properties, has long raised their attention for many biotechnological applications. Recombinant DNA technology has been used for cloning and characterizing new CBMs. In addition, it has been employed to improve the purity and availability of many CBMs, but mainly, to construct bi-functional CBM-fused proteins for specific applications. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the uses of CBMs recombinantly produced from heterologous organisms, or by the original host, along with the latest advances. Emphasis is given particularly to the applications of recombinant CBM-fusions in: (a) modification of fibers, (b) production, purification and immobilization of recombinant proteins, (c) functionalization of biomaterials and (d) development of microarrays and probes.
Collapse
|
31
|
Tang C, Saquing CD, Sarin PK, Kelly RM, Khan SA. Nanofibrous membranes for single-step immobilization of hyperthermophilic enzymes. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
32
|
Tang C, Saquing CD, Morton SW, Glatz BN, Kelly RM, Khan SA. Cross-linked polymer nanofibers for hyperthermophilic enzyme immobilization: approaches to improve enzyme performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:11899-906. [PMID: 25058141 DOI: 10.1021/am5033633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We report an enzyme immobilization method effective at elevated temperatures (up to 105 °C) and sufficiently robust for hyperthermophilic enzymes. Using a model hyperthermophilic enzyme, α-galactosidase from Thermotoga maritima, immobilization within chemically cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers to provide high specific surface area is achieved by (1) electrospinning a blend of a PVA and enzyme and (2) chemically cross-linking the polymer to entrap the enzyme within a water insoluble PVA fiber. The resulting enzyme-loaded nanofibers are water-insoluble at elevated temperatures, and enzyme leaching is not observed, indicating that the cross-linking effectively immobilizes the enzyme within the fibers. Upon immobilization, the enzyme retains its hyperthermophilic nature and shows improved thermal stability indicated by a 5.5-fold increase in apparent half-life at 90 °C, but with a significant decrease in apparent activity. The loss in apparent activity is attributed to enzyme deactivation and mass transfer limitations. Improvements in the apparent activity can be achieved by incorporating a cryoprotectant during immobilization to prevent enzyme deactivation. For example, immobilization in the presence of trehalose improved the apparent activity by 10-fold. Minimizing the mat thickness to reduce interfiber diffusion was a simple and effective method to further improve the performance of the immobilized enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Myung S, Rollin J, You C, Sun F, Chandrayan S, Adams MW, Zhang YHP. In vitro metabolic engineering of hydrogen production at theoretical yield from sucrose. Metab Eng 2014; 24:70-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
34
|
You C, Zhang YHP. Annexation of a high-activity enzyme in a synthetic three-enzyme complex greatly decreases the degree of substrate channeling. ACS Synth Biol 2014; 3:380-6. [PMID: 24283966 DOI: 10.1021/sb4000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembled three-enzyme complex containing triosephosphate isomerase (TIM), aldolase (ALD), and fructose 1,6-biphosphatase (FBP) was constructed via a mini-scaffoldin containing three different cohesins and the three dockerin-containing enzymes. This enzyme complex exhibited 1 order of magnitude higher initial reaction rates than the mixture of noncomplexed three enzymes. In this enzyme cascade reactions, the reaction mediated by ALD was the rate-limiting step. To understand the in-depth role of the rate-limiting enzyme ALD in influencing the substrate channeling effect of synthetic enzyme complexes, low-activity ALD from Thermotoga maritima was replaced with a similar-size ALD isolated from Thermus thermophilus, where the latter had more than 5 times specific activity of the former. The synthetic three-enzyme complexes annexed with either low-activity or high-activity ALDs exhibited higher initial reaction rates than the mixtures of the two-enzyme complex (TIM-FBP) and the nonbound low-activity or high activity ALD at the same enzyme concentration. It was also found that the annexation of more high-activity ALD in the synthetic enzyme complexes drastically decreased the degree of substrate channeling from 7.5 to 1.5. These results suggested that the degree of substrate channeling in synthetic enzyme complexes depended on the enzyme choice. This study implied that the construction of synthetic enzyme enzymes in synthetic cascade pathways could be a very important tool to accrelerate rate-limiting steps controlled by low-activity enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun You
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech , 304-A Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Apte AA, Senger RS, Fong SS. Designing novel cellulase systems through agent-based modeling and global sensitivity analysis. Bioengineered 2014; 5:243-53. [PMID: 24830736 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.29160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental techniques allow engineering of biological systems to modify functionality; however, there still remains a need to develop tools to prioritize targets for modification. In this study, agent-based modeling (ABM) was used to build stochastic models of complexed and non-complexed cellulose hydrolysis, including enzymatic mechanisms for endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase activity. Modeling results were consistent with experimental observations of higher efficiency in complexed systems than non-complexed systems and established relationships between specific cellulolytic mechanisms and overall efficiency. Global sensitivity analysis (GSA) of model results identified key parameters for improving overall cellulose hydrolysis efficiency including: (1) the cellulase half-life, (2) the exoglucanase activity, and (3) the cellulase composition. Overall, the following parameters were found to significantly influence cellulose consumption in a consolidated bioprocess (CBP): (1) the glucose uptake rate of the culture, (2) the bacterial cell concentration, and (3) the nature of the cellulase enzyme system (complexed or non-complexed). Broadly, these results demonstrate the utility of combining modeling and sensitivity analysis to identify key parameters and/or targets for experimental improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Advait A Apte
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Ryan S Senger
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Stephen S Fong
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhu Z, Kin Tam T, Sun F, You C, Percival Zhang YH. A high-energy-density sugar biobattery based on a synthetic enzymatic pathway. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3026. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
37
|
Novel Hydrogen Bioreactor and Detection Apparatus. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 152:35-51. [PMID: 25022362 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In vitro hydrogen generation represents a clear opportunity for novel bioreactor and system design. Hydrogen, already a globally important commodity chemical, has the potential to become the dominant transportation fuel of the future. Technologies such as in vitro synthetic pathway biotransformation (SyPaB)-the use of more than 10 purified enzymes to catalyze unnatural catabolic pathways-enable the storage of hydrogen in the form of carbohydrates. Biohydrogen production from local carbohydrate resources offers a solution to the most pressing challenges to vehicular and bioenergy uses: small-size distributed production, minimization of CO2 emissions, and potential low cost, driven by high yield and volumetric productivity. In this study, we introduce a novel bioreactor that provides the oxygen-free gas phase necessary for enzymatic hydrogen generation while regulating temperature and reactor volume. A variety of techniques are currently used for laboratory detection of biohydrogen, but the most information is provided by a continuous low-cost hydrogen sensor. Most such systems currently use electrolysis for calibration; here an alternative method, flow calibration, is introduced. This system is further demonstrated here with the conversion of glucose to hydrogen at a high rate, and the production of hydrogen from glucose 6-phosphate at a greatly increased reaction rate, 157 mmol/L/h at 60 °C.
Collapse
|
38
|
Myung S, You C, Zhang YHP. Recyclable cellulose-containing magnetic nanoparticles: immobilization of cellulose-binding module-tagged proteins and a synthetic metabolon featuring substrate channeling. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:4419-4427. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20482k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
39
|
You C, Chen H, Myung S, Sathitsuksanoh N, Ma H, Zhang XZ, Li J, Zhang YHP. Enzymatic transformation of nonfood biomass to starch. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:7182-7. [PMID: 23589840 PMCID: PMC3645547 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1302420110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global demand for food could double in another 40 y owing to growth in the population and food consumption per capita. To meet the world's future food and sustainability needs for biofuels and renewable materials, the production of starch-rich cereals and cellulose-rich bioenergy plants must grow substantially while minimizing agriculture's environmental footprint and conserving biodiversity. Here we demonstrate one-pot enzymatic conversion of pretreated biomass to starch through a nonnatural synthetic enzymatic pathway composed of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolyase, cellobiose phosphorylase, and alpha-glucan phosphorylase originating from bacterial, fungal, and plant sources. A special polypeptide cap in potato alpha-glucan phosphorylase was essential to push a partially hydrolyzed intermediate of cellulose forward to the synthesis of amylose. Up to 30% of the anhydroglucose units in cellulose were converted to starch; the remaining cellulose was hydrolyzed to glucose suitable for ethanol production by yeast in the same bioreactor. Next-generation biorefineries based on simultaneous enzymatic biotransformation and microbial fermentation could address the food, biofuels, and environment trilemma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun You
- Biological Systems Engineering Department
| | - Hongge Chen
- Biological Systems Engineering Department
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Suwan Myung
- Biological Systems Engineering Department
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, and
| | - Noppadon Sathitsuksanoh
- Biological Systems Engineering Department
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, and
| | - Hui Ma
- Gate Fuels, Inc., Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Xiao-Zhou Zhang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department
- Gate Fuels, Inc., Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Jianyong Li
- Biochemistry Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Y.-H. Percival Zhang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, and
- Gate Fuels, Inc., Blacksburg, VA 24060
- BioEnergy Science Center, Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831; and
- Cell Free Bioinnovations, Inc., Blacksburg, VA 24060
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Martín del Campo JS, Chun Y, Kim JE, Patiño R, Zhang YHP. Discovery and characterization of a novel ATP/polyphosphate xylulokinase from a hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 40:661-9. [PMID: 23584458 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Xylulokinase (XK, E.C. 2.7.1.17) is one of the key enzymes in xylose metabolism and it is essential for the activation of pentoses for the sustainable production of biocommodities from biomass sugars. The open reading frame (TM0116) from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima MSB8 encoding a putative xylulokinase were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 Star (DE3) in the Luria-Bertani and auto-inducing high-cell-density media. The basic biochemical properties of this thermophilic XK were characterized. This XK has the optimal temperature of 85 °C. Under a suboptimal condition of 60 °C, the k cat was 83 s⁻¹, and the K(m) values for xylulose and ATP were 1.24 and 0.71 mM, respectively. We hypothesized that this XK could work on polyphosphate possibly because this ancestral thermophilic microorganism utilizes polyphosphate to regulate the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and its substrate-binding residues are somewhat similar to those of other ATP/polyphosphate-dependent kinases. This XK was found to work on low-cost polyphosphate, exhibiting 41 % of its specific activity on ATP. This first ATP/polyphosphate XK could have a great potential for xylose utilization in thermophilic ethanol-producing microorganisms and cell-free biosystems for low-cost biomanufacturing without the use of ATP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Martín del Campo
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Myung S, Zhang YHP. Non-complexed four cascade enzyme mixture: simple purification and synergetic co-stabilization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61500. [PMID: 23585905 PMCID: PMC3621832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free biosystems comprised of synthetic enzymatic pathways would be a promising biomanufacturing platform due to several advantages, such as high product yield, fast reaction rate, easy control and access, and so on. However, it was essential to produce (purified) enzymes at low costs and stabilize them for a long time so to decrease biocatalyst costs. We studied the stability of the four recombinant enzyme mixtures, all of which originated from thermophilic microorganisms: triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) from Thermus thermophiles, fructose bisphosphate aldolase (ALD) from Thermotoga maritima, fructose bisphosphatase (FBP) from T. maritima, and phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) from Clostridium thermocellum. It was found that TIM and ALD were very stable at evaluated temperature so that they were purified by heat precipitation followed by gradient ammonia sulfate precipitation. In contrast, PGI was not stable enough for heat treatment. In addition, the stability of a low concentration PGI was enhanced by more than 25 times in the presence of 20 mg/L bovine serum albumin or the other three enzymes. At a practical enzyme loading of 1000 U/L for each enzyme, the half-life time of free PGI was prolong to 433 h in the presence of the other three enzymes, resulting in a great increase in the total turn-over number of PGI to 6.2×109 mole of product per mole of enzyme. This study clearly suggested that the presence of other proteins had a strong synergetic effect on the stabilization of the thermolabile enzyme PGI due to in vitro macromolecular crowding effect. Also, this result could be used to explain why not all enzymes isolated from thermophilic microorganisms are stable in vitro because of a lack of the macromolecular crowding environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suwan Myung
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Y-H Percival Zhang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Cell Free Bioinnovations Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Gate Fuels Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cell-free Biosystems in the Production of Electricity and Bioenergy. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 137:125-52. [PMID: 23748347 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
: Increasing needs of green energy and concerns of climate change are motivating intensive R&D efforts toward the low-cost production of electricity and bioenergy, such as hydrogen, alcohols, and jet fuel, from renewable sugars. Cell-free biosystems for biomanufacturing (CFB2) have been suggested as an emerging platform to replace mainstream microbial fermentation for the cost-effective production of some biocommodities. As compared to whole-cell factories, cell-free biosystems comprised of synthetic enzymatic pathways have numerous advantages, such as high product yield, fast reaction rate, broad reaction condition, easy process control and regulation, tolerance of toxic compound/product, and an unmatched capability of performing unnatural reactions. However, issues pertaining to high costs and low stabilities of enzymes and cofactors as well as compromised optimal conditions for different source enzymes need to be solved before cell-free biosystems are scaled up for biomanufacturing. Here, we review the current status of cell-free technology, update recent advances, and focus on its applications in the production of electricity and bioenergy.
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang S, Cui GZ, Song XF, Feng Y, Cui Q. Efficiency and stability enhancement of cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase by fusion with a carbohydrate binding module and immobilization onto cellulose. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:708-17. [PMID: 22843080 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase (CESH) is an enzyme that catalyzes cis-epoxysuccinic acid to produce enantiomeric L(+)-tartaric acid. The production of tartaric acid by using CESH would be valuable in the chemical industry because of its high yield and selectivity, but the low stability of CESH hampers its application. To improve the stability of CESH, we fused five different carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) to CESH and immobilized the chimeric enzymes on cellulose. The effects of the fusion and immobilization on the activity, kinetics, and stability of CESH were compared. Activity measurements demonstrated that the fusion with CBMs and the immobilization on cellulose increased the pH and temperature adaptability of CESH. The chimeric enzymes showed significantly different enzyme kinetics parameters, among which the immobilized CBM30-CESH exhibited twofold catalytic efficiency compared with the native CESH. The half-life measurements indicated that the stability of the enzyme in its free form was slightly increased by the fusion with CBMs, whereas the immobilization on cellulose significantly increased the stability of the enzyme. The immobilized CBM30-CESH showed the longest half-life, which is more than five times the free native CESH half-life at 30 °C. Therefore, most CBMs can improve enzymatic properties, and CBM30 is the best fusion partner for CESH to improve both its enzymatic efficiency and its stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Thermophilic Thermotoga maritima ribose-5-phosphate isomerase RpiB: optimized heat treatment purification and basic characterization. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 82:302-7. [PMID: 22333529 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The open reading frame TM1080 from Thermotoga maritima encoding ribose-5-phosphate isomerase type B (RpiB) was cloned and over-expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). After optimization of cell culture conditions, more than 30% of intracellular proteins were soluble recombinant RpiB. High-purity RpiB was obtained by heat pretreatment through its optimization in buffer choice, buffer pH, as well as temperature and duration of pretreatment. This enzyme had the maximum activity at 70°C and pH 6.5-8.0. Under its suboptimal conditions (60°C and pH 7.0), k(cat) and K(m) values were 540s(-1) and 7.6mM, respectively; it had a half lifetime of 71h, resulting in its turn-over number of more than 2×10(8)mol of product per mol of enzyme. This study suggests that it is highly feasible to discover thermostable enzymes from exploding genomic DNA database of extremophiles with the desired stability suitable for in vitro synthetic biology projects and produce high-purity thermoenzymes at very low costs.
Collapse
|
45
|
You C, Zhang YHP. Cell-free biosystems for biomanufacturing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 131:89-119. [PMID: 23111502 DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although cell-free biosystems have been used as a tool for investigating fundamental aspects of biological systems for more than 100 years, they are becoming an emerging biomanufacturing platform in the production of low-value biocommodities (e.g., H(2), ethanol, and isobutanol), fine chemicals, and high-value protein and carbohydrate drugs and their precursors. Here we would like to define the cell-free biosystems containing more than three catalytic components in a single reaction vessel, which although different from one-, two-, or three-enzyme biocatalysis can be regarded as a straightforward extension of multienzymatic biocatalysis. In this chapter, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of cell-free biosystems versus living organisms, briefly review the history of cell-free biosystems, highlight a few examples, analyze any remaining obstacles to the scale-up of cell-free biosystems, and suggest potential solutions. Cell-free biosystems could become a disruptive technology to microbial fermentation, especially in the production of high-impact low-value biocommodities mainly due to the very high product yields and potentially low production costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun You
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang YHP, You C, Chen H, Feng R. Surpassing Photosynthesis: High-Efficiency and Scalable CO 2Utilization through Artificial Photosynthesis. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1097.ch015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
47
|
Ye X, Zhang C, Zhang YHP. Engineering a large protein by combined rational and random approaches: stabilizing the Clostridium thermocellum cellobiose phosphorylase. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:1815-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mb05492b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
48
|
|
49
|
Zhang YHP. Simpler Is Better: High-Yield and Potential Low-Cost Biofuels Production through Cell-Free Synthetic Pathway Biotransformation (SyPaB). ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-H. Percival Zhang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, 210-A Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS), Virginia Tech, Virginia 24061, United States
- DOE Bioenergy Science Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Gate Fuels Inc., 3107 Alice Dr., Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
One-step purification and immobilization of thermophilic polyphosphate glucokinase from Thermobifida fusca YX: glucose-6-phosphate generation without ATP. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:1109-17. [PMID: 21766194 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of stable and active polyphosphate glucokinase (PPGK, EC 2.7.1.63) would be vital to cascade enzyme biocatalysis that does not require a costly ATP input. An open reading frame Tfu_1811 from Thermobifida fusca YX encoding a putative PPGK was cloned and the recombinant protein fused with a family 3 cellulose-binding module (CBM-PPGK) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Mg²⁺ was an indispensible activator. This enzyme exhibited the highest activity in the presence of 4 mM Mg²⁺ at 55°C and pH 9.0. Under its suboptimal conditions (pH 7.5), the k (cat) and K(m) values of CBM-PPGK on glucose were 96.9 and 39.7 s⁻¹ as well as 0.77 and 0.45 mM at 37°C and 50°C respectively. The thermoinactivation of CBM-PPGK was independent of its mass concentration. Through one-step enzyme purification and immobilization on a high-capacity regenerated amorphous cellulose, immobilized CBM-PPGK had an approximately eightfold half lifetime enhancement (i.e., t(1/2) = 120 min) as compared to free enzyme at 50°C. To our limited knowledge, this enzyme was the first thermostable PPGK reported. Free PPGK and immobilized CBM-PPGK had total turnover number values of 126,000 and 961,000 mol product per mol enzyme, respectively, suggesting their great potential in glucose-6-phosphate generation based on low-cost polyphosphate.
Collapse
|