1
|
Greenfield A, Lamb DR, Gu X, Thangaraju K, Setua S, Yahya A, Vahedi A, Khan MA, Wang Q, Buehler PW, Palmer AF. Biophysical Analysis and Preclinical Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics of Tangential Flow Filtration Fractionated Polymerized Human Hemoglobin as a Red Blood Cell Substitute. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1855-1870. [PMID: 36877888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) substitutes tested in late-phase clinical trials contained low-molecular-weight hemoglobin species (<500 kDa), resulting in vasoconstriction, hypertension, and oxidative tissue injury; therefore, contributing to poor clinical outcomes. This work aims to improve the safety profile of the RBC substitute, polymerized human hemoglobin (PolyhHb), via in vitro and in vivo screening of PolyhHb fractionated into four molecular weight brackets (50-300 kDa [PolyhHb-B1]; 100-500 kDa [PolyhHb-B2]; 500-750 kDa [PolyhHb-B3]; and 750 kDa to 0.2 μm [PolyhHb-B4]) using a two-stage tangential flow filtration purification process. Analysis showed that PolyhHb's oxygen affinity, and haptoglobin binding kinetics decreased with increasing bracket size. A 25% blood-for-PolyhHb exchange transfusion guinea pig model suggests that hypertension and tissue extravasation decreased with increasing bracket size. PolyhHb-B3 demonstrated extended circulatory pharmacokinetics, no renal tissue distribution, no aberrant blood pressure, or cardiac conduction effects, and may therefore be appropriate material for further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisyn Greenfield
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Derek R Lamb
- The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Xiangming Gu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Saini Setua
- The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Ahmad Yahya
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Amid Vahedi
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mohd Asim Khan
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Qihong Wang
- The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Paul W Buehler
- The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department of Pathology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Glutaraldehyde-Polymerized Hemerythrin: Evaluation of Performance as an Oxygen Carrier in Hemorrhage Models. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:2209101. [PMID: 36620348 PMCID: PMC9822766 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2209101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been proposed and tested for several decades for the treatment of hemorrhage. We have previously proposed replacing hemoglobin (Hb) in HBOC with the oxygen-carrying protein hemerythrin (Hr), from marine worms, showing that Hr-based derivatives can perform at least as well or even better than Hb-based HBOC in a range of in vitro assays involving oxidative and nitrosative stress as well as in top-up animal models, where small amounts of Hr- or Hb-HBOC were injected into rats. Here, these experiments are extended to a hemorrhage experiment, in which Hr polymerized with glutaraldehyde, alone or conjugated with human serum albumin, is administered after a loss of 20-30% blood volume. The performance of these preparations is compared with that of Hb-based HBOC measured under the same conditions. Polymerized Hr is found to decrease the survival rate and can hence cannot be used as an oxygen carrier in transfusions. On the other hand, an Hr-albumin copolymer restores survival rates to 100% and generally yields biochemical and histological parameters similar to those of glutaraldehyde-polymerized bovine hemoglobin, with the exception of an acid-base imbalance. The latter may be solved by employing an allogeneic albumin as opposed to the human albumin employed in the present study.
Collapse
|
3
|
Cuddington CT, Wolfe SR, Belcher DA, Allyn M, Greenfield A, Gu X, Hickey R, Lu S, Salvi T, Palmer AF. Pilot scale production and characterization of next generation high molecular weight and tense quaternary state polymerized human hemoglobin. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:3447-3461. [PMID: 36120842 PMCID: PMC9828582 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymerized human hemoglobin (PolyhHb) is being studied as a possible red blood cell (RBC) substitute for use in scenarios where blood is not available. While the oxygen (O2 ) carrying capacity of PolyhHb makes it appealing as an O2 therapeutic, the commercial PolyhHb PolyHeme® (Northfield Laboratories Inc.) was never approved for clinical use due to the presence of large quantities of low molecular weight (LMW) polymeric hemoglobin (Hb) species (<500 kDa), which have been shown to elicit vasoconstriction, systemic hypertension, and oxidative tissue injury in vivo. Previous bench-top scale studies in our lab demonstrated the ability to synthesize and purify PolyhHb using a two-stage tangential flow filtration purification process to remove almost all undesirable Hb species (>0.2 µm and <500 kDa) in the material, to create a product that should be safer for transfusion. Therefore, to enable future large animal studies and eventual human clinical trials, PolyhHb synthesis and purification processes need to be scaled up to the pilot scale. Hence in this study, we describe the pilot scale synthesis and purification of PolyhHb. Characterization of pilot scale PolyhHb showed that PolyhHb could be successfully produced to yield biophysical properties conducive for its use as an RBC substitute. Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography showed that pilot scale PolyhHb yielded a high molecular weight Hb polymer containing a small percentage of LMW Hb species (<500 kDa). Additionally, the auto-oxidation rate of pilot scale PolyhHb was even lower than that of previous generations of PolyhHb. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PolyhHb has the ability to be seamlessly manufactured at the pilot scale to enable future large animal studies and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton T. Cuddington
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Savannah R. Wolfe
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Donald A. Belcher
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Megan Allyn
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Alisyn Greenfield
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Xiangming Gu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Richard Hickey
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Shuwei Lu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Tanmay Salvi
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Andre F. Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cuddington CT, Wolfe SR, Palmer AF. Biophysical properties of tense quaternary state polymerized human hemoglobins bracketed between 500 kDa and 0.2 μm in size. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3219. [PMID: 34626100 PMCID: PMC8854340 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymerized hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are a scalable and cost-effective red blood cell (RBC) substitute. However, previous generations of commercial polymerized HBOCs elicited oxidative tissue injury in vivo due to the presence of low molecular weight polymeric Hb species (<500 kDa) and cell-free Hb (64 kDa). Polymerized human Hb (PolyhHb) locked in the tense quaternary state (T-state) exhibits great promise to meet clinical needs where past polymerized HBOCs failed. This work shows that separation of T-state PolyhHb via a two-stage tangential flow filtration (TFF) purification train such that the Hb polymers are bracketed between 500 kDa and 0.2 μm creates a uniform polymer size and largely eliminates the Hb species which elicit deleterious side effects in vivo. Biophysical characterization of these materials demonstrates their potential effectiveness as an RBC substitute and verifies the low percentage of low molecular weight Hb polymers and cell-free Hb. Size exclusion chromatography confirms that T-state PolyhHb can be consistently produced in a size range between 500 kDa and 0.2 μm. Furthermore, the average molecular weight of all PolyhHb species produced is one or two orders of magnitude larger than that of the commercial polymerized HBOCs Hemolink and Oxyglobin, respectively. Haptoglobin binding kinetics confirms that two-stage TFF processing of PolyhHb reliably removes cell-free Hb and low molecular weight polymeric Hb species. T-state PolyhHbs demonstrate lower auto-oxidation rates compared to unmodified Hb and prior generations of commercial polymerized HBOCs. These results demonstrate T-state PolyhHb's feasibility as a next-generation polymerized HBOC for potential use in transfusion medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton T. Cuddington
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Savannah R. Wolfe
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Andre F. Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Faggiano S, Ronda L, Bruno S, Abbruzzetti S, Viappiani C, Bettati S, Mozzarelli A. From hemoglobin allostery to hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 84:101050. [PMID: 34776270 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) plays its vital role through structural and functional properties evolutionarily optimized to work within red blood cells, i.e., the tetrameric assembly, well-defined oxygen affinity, positive cooperativity, and heterotropic allosteric regulation by protons, chloride and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. Outside red blood cells, the Hb tetramer dissociates into dimers, which exhibit high oxygen affinity and neither cooperativity nor allosteric regulation. They are prone to extravasate, thus scavenging endothelial NO and causing hypertension, and cause nephrotoxicity. In addition, they are more prone to autoxidation, generating radicals. The need to overcome the adverse effects associated with cell-free Hb has always been a major hurdle in the development of substitutes of allogeneic blood transfusions for all clinical situations where blood is unavailable or cannot be used due to, for example, religious objections. This class of therapeutics, indicated as hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs), is formed by genetically and/or chemically modified Hbs. Many efforts were devoted to the exploitation of the wealth of biochemical and biophysical information available on Hb structure, function, and dynamics to design safe HBOCs, overcoming the negative effects of free plasma Hb. Unfortunately, so far, no HBOC has been approved by FDA and EMA, except for compassionate use. However, the unmet clinical needs that triggered intensive investigations more than fifty years ago are still awaiting an answer. Recently, HBOCs "repositioning" has led to their successful application in organ perfusion fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Faggiano
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Ronda
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Glutaraldehyde-Polymerized Hemoglobin: In Search of Improved Performance as Oxygen Carrier in Hemorrhage Models. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2020; 2020:1096573. [PMID: 32952540 PMCID: PMC7482000 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1096573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin- (Hb-) based oxygen carriers (HBOC) have for several decades been explored for treatment of hemorrhage. In our previous top-up tests, HBOC with lower in vitro prooxidant reactivity (incorporating a peroxidase or serum albumin to this end) showed a measurable but small improvement of oxidative stress-related parameters. Here, such HBOCs are tested in a hemorrhage set-up; ovine hemoglobin is also tested for the first time in such a setting, based on in vitro data showing its improved performance versus bovine Hb against oxidative and nitrosative stress agents. Indeed, ovine Hb performs better than bovine Hb in terms of survival rates, arterial tension, immunology, and histology. On the other hand, unlike in the top-up models, where the nonheme peroxidase rubrerythrin as well as bovine serum albumin copolymerized with Hb were shown to improve the performance of HBOC, in the present hemorrhage models rubrerythrin fails dramatically as HBOC ingredient (with a distinct immunological reaction), whereas serum albumin appears not feasible if its source is a different species (i.e., bovine serum albumin fares distinctly worse than rat serum albumin, in HBOC transfusions in rats). An effect of the matrix in which the HBOCs are dissolved (PBS versus gelofusine versus plasma) is noted.
Collapse
|
7
|
Polydopamine-based surface modification of hemoglobin particles for stability enhancement of oxygen carriers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 571:326-336. [PMID: 32208203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Templated assembly techniques have been extensively used to develop various types of hemoglobin (Hb) loaded particles with improved performance. However, several instability issues must still be solved, including Hb exposure, enhanced Hb auto-oxidation, and the relatively weak binding of Hb to cross-linkers. Herein, to meet the stability requirements for novel hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs), hemoglobin-polydopamine particles (Hb-PDA) were fabricated using a mild process that combines the co-precipitation of Hb and an inorganic template with the spontaneous adhesion of PDA. The Hb-PDA showed uniform size distribution, chemical integrity of both Hb and PDA, high biocompatibility, and robust oxygen delivery. Our results demonstrated that the use of polydopamine as a biocompatible coating material reduced Hb leakage from the particles under both static and flow conditions, thus mitigating the toxicity associated with free Hb and strengthening the stability of Hb particles. In addition, Hb-PDA reduced HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein Cells) oxidative injury and scavenged 85% of the available hydroxyl radicals, exhibiting its potential to act as an antioxidant for encapsulated Hb. Hb-PDA therefore shows significant promise as a cell-like structurally and functionally stable HBOCs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cui W, Wang A, Zhao J, Li J. Biomacromolecules based core/shell architecture toward biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 237:43-51. [PMID: 27773338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules have become a novel and promising class of hybrid materials with great potential since they can be applied in various areas, such as pharmaceutical sciences, biotechnology, and biomedicine. The concept of using such carriers for biology application is diagnosis and treatment of diseases for convenience, safety and specific targeting. Therefore, the development of biocompatible, biodegradable and specific characteristic nanostructure material is highly desirable. Much effort has been devoted to exploring innovative and effective techniques to fabricate such materials. Among the available techniques, layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly capsules have attracted considerable attention attributing to the flexibly controlled size, shape, composition, wall thickness and functions. Protein, as the large class of biomacromolecules, was incorporated into capsules for improving the biocompatibility and specific function. In this review we provide an overview of the recent progress in biomacromolecular capsules or core/shell architecture with different diameters for the variety of purposes. The size ranging from micro-, sub-micro to nano scale based on the choice of the template. Their advantages are discussed here. The applications of these biomacromolecular capsules in biotechnological fields have also been summarized, for instance blood substitute, ATP carriers, photodynamic therapy and nanomedicines.
Collapse
|
9
|
Singh S, Kluger R. Self-Assembly of a Functional Triple Protein: Hemoglobin-Avidin-Hemoglobin via Biotin–Avidin Interactions. Biochemistry 2016; 55:2875-82. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Singh
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Ronald Kluger
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jia Y, Duan L, Li J. Hemoglobin-Based Nanoarchitectonic Assemblies as Oxygen Carriers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1312-8. [PMID: 26479864 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Safe and effective artificial oxygen carriers are the subject of great interest due to the problems of traditional blood transfusion and enormous demand in clinical use. In view of its unique oxygen-transport ability and normal metabolic pathways, hemoglobin is regarded as an ideal oxygen-carrying unit. With advances in nano-biotechnology, hemoglobin assemblies as artificial oxygen carriers achieve great development. Here, recent progress on hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers is highlighted in view of two aspects: acellular hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers and cellular hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. These novel oxygen carriers exhibit advantages over traditional carriers and will greatly promote research on reliable and feasible oxygen carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li Duan
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710024, China
| | - Junbai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu L, Martínez JL, Liu Z, Petranovic D, Nielsen J. Balanced globin protein expression and heme biosynthesis improve production of human hemoglobin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2014; 21:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Scurtu F, Zolog O, Iacob B, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R. Hemoglobin-albumin cross-linking with disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) and/or glutaraldehyde for blood substitutes. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 42:13-7. [PMID: 23342991 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2012.762652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) derivatization for blood substitute purposes often involves multi-step processes including redox reagents such as borohydride and periodate, with possible subsequent side effects. Disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) allows protein cross-linking without toxic side-products, forming one-step peptide bonds with the lysine residues. Here, we report that Hb polymers were obtained using DSS, making this the first report of a single-step polymerization for blood substitutes. The increase in autooxidation rate incurred by this polymerization is completely reversed when BSA is copolymerized with Hb. Copolymerization of Hb with BSA appears to be beneficial for alleviating pro-oxidant effects, regardless of the polymerizing agent employed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florina Scurtu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, "Babes,-Bolyai" University , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li T, Jing X, Huang Y. Polymer/hemoglobin assemblies: biodegradable oxygen carriers for artificial red blood cells. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:865-75. [PMID: 21312333 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In routine clinical procedures, blood transfusion is now suffering from the defects of the blood products, like cross-matching, short storage time and virus infection. Various blood substitutes have been designed by researchers through continual efforts. With recent progress in nanotechnology, new types of artificial red blood cells with cellular structure are available. This article aims to describe some artificial red blood cells which encapsulate or conjugate hemoglobin molecules through various approaches, especially the nanoscale self-assembly technique, to mitigate the adverse effects of free hemoglobin molecules. These types of artificial red blood cell systems, which make use of biodegradable polymers as matrix materials, show advantages over the traditional types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taihang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lui FE, Kluger R. Reviving artificial blood: meeting the challenge of dealing with NO scavenging by hemoglobin. Chembiochem 2011; 11:1816-24. [PMID: 20661989 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francine E Lui
- Department of Chemistry, Davenport Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
A New Polyethyleneglycol-Derivatized Hemoglobin Derivative with Decreased Oxygen Affinity and Limited Toxicity. Protein J 2010; 30:27-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-010-9298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
16
|
Deac F, Iacob B, Fischer-Fodor E, Damian G, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R. Derivatization of haemoglobin with periodate-generated reticulation agents: evaluation of oxidative reactivity for potential blood substitutes. J Biochem 2010; 149:75-82. [PMID: 20961862 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvq123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodate modification of the sugar moiety in sugars, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), has previously been employed in order to prepare dialdehyde-type reagents, which were then utilized in crosslinking reactions on haemoglobin, yielding polymerized material with useful dioxygen-binding properties and hence proposed as possible artificial oxygen carriers ('blood substitutes'). Here, the periodate protocol is shown to be applicable to a wider range of oxygen-containing compounds, illustrated by starch and polyethylene glycol. Derivatization protocols are described for haemoglobin with such periodate-treated crosslinking agents, and the dioxygen-binding properties and redox reactivities are investigated for the derivatized haemoglobins, with emphasis on pro-oxidative properties. There is a general tendency of the derivatization to result in higher autooxidation rates. The peroxide reactivity of the met (ferric) form is also affected by derivatization, as witnessed, among others, by varying yields of ferryl [Fe (IV)-oxo] and free radical generated. In cell, culture tests (human umbilical vein epithelial cells, HUVEC), the derivatization protocols show no toxic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florina Deac
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos street, Cluj-Napoca 40028, Romania
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nadithe V, Bae YH. Synthesis and characterization of hemoglobin conjugates with antioxidant enzymes via poly(ethylene glycol) cross-linker (Hb-SOD-CAT) for protection from free radical stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 47:603-13. [PMID: 20723561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) conjugated with the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), by employing dicarboxymethylated poly(ethylene glycol), was designed for protection of hemoglobin against free radicals. In this study, the conjugation process was confirmed by employing SDS-PAGE and SEC techniques. The average molecular weight of the conjugates was estimated to be around 1000 kDa. The enzymatic activities of the SOD and CAT in the conjugates (Hb-SOD-CAT) after conjugation were found to retain greater than 70% and 90% of the original bioactivity. Results show that antioxidant enzymes helped minimize methemoglobin (non-carrier of oxygen) formation during the conjugation process and also during storage at 4°C over a period of 1 month. In summary, the optimized (1:10 Hb/PEG) crosslinked conjugates with antioxidant enzymes showed protective properties from severe free radical stresses when incubated with hydrogen peroxide (0.1 and 1 mM) and xanthine (1 mM)/xanthine oxidase (10 and 20 mU/ml) system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatareddy Nadithe
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 421 Wakara Way, Suite 315, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Elmer J, Harris DR, Sun G, Palmer AF. Purification of hemoglobin by tangential flow filtration with diafiltration. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 25:1402-10. [PMID: 19621471 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A recent study by Palmer, Sun, and Harris (Biotechnol. Prog., 25:189-199, 2009) demonstrated that tangential flow filtration (TFF) can be used to produce HPLC-grade bovine and human hemoglobin (Hb). In this current study, we assessed the quality of bovine Hb (bHb) purified by introducing a 10 L batch-mode diafiltration step to the previously mentioned TFF Hb purification process. The bHb was purified from bovine red blood cells (RBCs) by filtering clarified RBC lysate through 50 nm (stage I) and 500 kDa (stage II) hollow fiber (HF) membranes. The filtrate was then passed through a 100 kDa (stage III) HF membrane with or without an additional 10 L diafiltration step to potentially remove additional small molecular weight impurities. Protein assays, SDS-PAGE, and LC-MS of the purified bHb (stage III retentate) reveal that addition of a diafiltration step has no effect on bHb purity or yield; however, it does increase the methemoglobin level and oxygen affinity of purified bHb. Therefore, we conclude that no additional benefit is gained from diafiltration at stage III and a three stage TFF process is sufficient to produce HPLC-grade bHb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Elmer
- William G. Lowrie Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lui FE, Kluger R. Enhancing nitrite reductase activity of modified hemoglobin: bis-tetramers and their PEGylated derivatives. Biochemistry 2010; 48:11912-9. [PMID: 19894773 DOI: 10.1021/bi9014105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The clinical evaluation of stabilized tetrameric hemoglobin as alternatives to red cells revealed that the materials caused significant increases in blood pressure and related problems and this was attributed to the scavenging of nitric oxide and extravasation. The search for materials with reduced vasoactivity led to the report that conjugates of hemoglobin tetramers and polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains did not elicit these pressor effects. However, this material does not deliver oxygen efficiently due to its lack of cooperativity and high oxygen affinity, making it unsuitable as an oxygen carrier. It has been recently reported that PEG-conjugated hemoglobin converts nitrite to nitric oxide at a faster rate than does the native protein, which may compensate for the scavenging of nitric oxide. It is therefore important to alter hemoglobin in order to enhance nitrite reductase activity while retaining its ability to deliver oxygen. If the beneficial effect of PEG is associated with the increased size reducing extravasation, this can also be achieved by coupling cross-linked tetramers to one another, giving materials with appropriate oxygen affinity and cooperativity for use as circulating oxygen carriers. In the present study it is shown that cross-linked bis-tetramers with good oxygen delivery potential have enhanced nitrite reductase activity with k(obs) = 0.70 M(-1) s(-1) (24 degrees C), compared to native protein and cross-linked tetramers, k(obs) = 0.25 M(-1) s(-1) and k(obs) = 0.52 M(-1) s(-1), respectively, but are less active in reduction of nitrite than Hb-PEG5K(2) (k(obs) = 2.5 M(-1) s(-1)). However, conjugation of four PEG chains to the bis-tetramer (at each beta-Cys-93) produces a material with greatly increased nitrite reductase activity (k(obs) = 1.8 M(-1) s(-1)) while retaining cooperativity (P(50) = 4.1, n(50) = 2.4). Thus, PEGylated bis-tetramers combine increased size and enhanced nitrite reductase activity expected for decreased vasoactivity with characteristics of an acceptable HBOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francine E Lui
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kluger R, Foot JS, Vandersteen AA. Protein–protein coupling and its application to functional red cell substitutes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:1194-202. [DOI: 10.1039/b922694j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
21
|
Foot JS, Lui FE, Kluger R. Hemoglobin bis-tetramers via cooperative azide–alkyne coupling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:7315-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b918860f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|