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Gupta MN, Uversky VN. Reexamining the diverse functions of arginine in biochemistry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 705:149731. [PMID: 38432110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Arginine in a free-state and as part of peptides and proteins shows distinct tendency to form clusters. In free-form, it has been found useful in cryoprotection, as a drug excipient for both solid and liquid formulations, as an aggregation suppressor, and an eluent in protein chromatography. In many cases, the mechanisms by which arginine acts in all these applications is either debatable or at least continues to attract interest. It is quite possible that arginine clusters may be involved in many such applications. Furthermore, it is possible that such clusters are likely to behave as intrinsically disordered polypeptides. These considerations may help in understanding the roles of arginine in diverse applications and may even lead to better strategies for using arginine in different situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munishwar Nath Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia; Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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2
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Cernosek T, Jain N, Dalphin M, Behrens S, Wunderli P. Accelerated development of a SEC-HPLC procedure for purity analysis of monoclonal antibodies using design of experiments. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1235:124037. [PMID: 38335765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The complex structure of biopharmaceutical products poses an inherent need for their thorough characterization to ensure product quality, safety, and efficacy. Analytical size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a widely used technique throughout the development and manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which quantifies product size variants such as aggregates and fragments. Aggregate and fragment content are critical quality attributes (CQAs) in mAb products, as higher contents of such size heterogeneities impact product quality. Historically, SEC methods have achieved sufficient separation between the high molecular weight (HMW) species and the main product. In contrast, some low molecular weight (LMW) species are often not sufficiently different in molecular mass from the main product, making it difficult to achieve appropriate resolutions between the two species. This lack of resolution makes it difficult to consistently quantify the LMW species in mAb-based therapeutics. The following work uses a design of experiments (DoE) approach to establish a robust analytical SEC procedure by evaluating SEC column types and mobile phase compositions using two mAb products with different physiochemical properties. The resulting optimized procedure using a Waters™ BioResolve column exhibits an improved ability to resolve and quantify mAb size variants, highlighting improvement in the resolution of the LMW species. Additionally, the addition of L-arginine as a mobile phase additive showed to reduce secondary interactions and was beneficial in increasing the recoveries of the HMW species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezie Cernosek
- Catalent Biologics, Madison, WI, USA; Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Sue Behrens
- Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA, USA
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3
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Xu J, Lei X, Li A, Li J, Li S, Chen L. Scalable production of recombinant three-finger proteins: from inclusion bodies to high quality molecular probes. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:48. [PMID: 38347541 PMCID: PMC10860255 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The three-finger proteins are a collection of disulfide bond rich proteins of great biomedical interests. Scalable recombinant expression and purification of bioactive three-finger proteins is quite difficult. RESULTS We introduce a working pipeline for expression, purification and validation of disulfide-bond rich three-finger proteins using E. coli as the expression host. With this pipeline, we have successfully obtained highly purified and bioactive recombinant α-Βungarotoxin, k-Bungarotoxin, Hannalgesin, Mambalgin-1, α-Cobratoxin, MTα, Slurp1, Pate B etc. Milligrams to hundreds of milligrams of recombinant three finger proteins were obtained within weeks in the lab. The recombinant proteins showed specificity in binding assay and six of them were crystallized and structurally validated using X-ray diffraction protein crystallography. CONCLUSIONS Our pipeline allows refolding and purifying recombinant three finger proteins under optimized conditions and can be scaled up for massive production of three finger proteins. As many three finger proteins have attractive therapeutic or research interests and due to the extremely high quality of the recombinant three finger proteins we obtained, our method provides a competitive alternative to either their native counterparts or chemically synthetic ones and should facilitate related research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xu
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Xiao Lei
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ao Li
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxing Li
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Gupta MN, Uversky VN. Biological importance of arginine: A comprehensive review of the roles in structure, disorder, and functionality of peptides and proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128646. [PMID: 38061507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Arginine shows Jekyll and Hyde behavior in several respects. It participates in protein folding via ionic and H-bonds and cation-pi interactions; the charge and hydrophobicity of its side chain make it a disorder-promoting amino acid. Its methylation in histones; RNA binding proteins; chaperones regulates several cellular processes. The arginine-centric modifications are important in oncogenesis and as biomarkers in several cardiovascular diseases. The cross-links involving arginine in collagen and cornea are involved in pathogenesis of tissues but have also been useful in tissue engineering and wound-dressing materials. Arginine is a part of active site of several enzymes such as GTPases, peroxidases, and sulfotransferases. Its metabolic importance is obvious as it is involved in production of urea, NO, ornithine and citrulline. It can form unusual functional structures such as molecular tweezers in vitro and sprockets which engage DNA chains as part of histones in vivo. It has been used in design of cell-penetrating peptides as drugs. Arginine has been used as an excipient in both solid and injectable drug formulations; its role in suppressing opalescence due to liquid-liquid phase separation is particularly very promising. It has been known as a suppressor of protein aggregation during protein refolding. It has proved its usefulness in protein bioseparation processes like ion-exchange, hydrophobic and affinity chromatographies. Arginine is an amino acid, whose importance in biological sciences and biotechnology continues to grow in diverse ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munishwar Nath Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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5
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Huang L, Liang Y, Hou H, Tang M, Liu X, Ma YN, Liang S. Prokaryotic Expression and Affinity Purification of DDX3 Protein. Protein Pept Lett 2024; 31:236-246. [PMID: 38303525 DOI: 10.2174/0109298665285625231222075700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DDX3 is a protein with RNA helicase activity that is involved in a variety of biological processes, and it is an important protein target for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, multiple cancers and chronic inflammation. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to establish a simple and efficient method to express and purify DDX3 protein in E. coli, and the recombinant DDX3 should maintain helicase activity for further tailor-made screening and biochemical function validation. METHODS DDX3 cDNA was simultaneously cloned into pET28a-TEV and pNIC28-Bsa4 vectors and transfected into E. coli BL21 (DE3) to compare one suitable prokaryotic expression system. The 6×His-tag was fused to the C-terminus of DDX3 to form a His-tagging DDX3 fusion protein for subsequent purification. Protein dissolution buffer and purification washing conditions were optimized. The His-tagged DDX3 protein would bind with the Ni-NTA agarose by chelation and collected by affinity purification. The 6×His-tag fused with N-terminal DDX3 was eliminated from DDX3 by TEV digestion. A fine purification of DDX3 was performed by gel filtration chromatography. RESULTS The recombinant plasmid pNIC28-DDX3, which contained a 6×His-tag and one TEV cleavage site at the N terminal of DDX3 sequence, was constructed for DDX3 prokaryotic expression and affinity purification based on considering the good solubility of the recombinant His-tagging DDX3, especially under 0.5 mM IPTG incubation at 18°C for 18 h to obtain more soluble DDX3 protein. Finally, the exogenous recombinant DDX3 protein was obtained with more than 95% purity by affinity purification on the Ni-NTA column and removal of miscellaneous through gel filtration chromatography. The finely-purified DDX3 still retained its ATPase activity. CONCLUSION A prokaryotic expression pNIC28-DDX3 system is constructed for efficient expression and affinity purification of bioactive DDX3 protein in E. coli BL21(DE3), which provides an important high-throughput screening and validation of drugs targeting DDX3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Huijin Hou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xinpeng Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ni Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shufang Liang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
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Meagher RB, Lewis ZA, Ambati S, Lin X. DectiSomes: C-type lectin receptor-targeted liposomes as pan-antifungal drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114776. [PMID: 36934519 PMCID: PMC10133202 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Combatting the ever-increasing threat from invasive fungal pathogens faces numerous fundamental challenges, including constant human exposure to large reservoirs of species in the environment, the increasing population of immunocompromised or immunosuppressed individuals, the unsatisfactory efficacy of current antifungal drugs and their associated toxicity, and the scientific and economic barriers limiting a new antifungal pipeline. DectiSomes represent a new drug delivery platform that enhances antifungal efficacy for diverse fungal pathogens and reduces host toxicity for current and future antifungals. DectiSomes employ pathogen receptor proteins - C-type lectins - to target drug-loaded liposomes to conserved fungal cognate ligands and away from host cells. DectiSomes represent one leap forward for urgently needed effective pan-antifungal therapy. Herein, we discuss the problems of battling fungal diseases and the state of DectiSome development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Meagher
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zachary A Lewis
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Suresh Ambati
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Heinks T, Hettwer A, Hiepen C, Weise C, Gorka M, Knaus P, Mueller TD, Loidl-Stahlhofen A. Optimized expression and purification of a soluble BMP2 variant based on in-silico design. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 186:105918. [PMID: 34044133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP21) is a highly interesting therapeutic growth factor due to its strong osteogenic/osteoinductive potential. However, its pronounced aggregation tendency renders recombinant and soluble production troublesome and complex. While prokaryotic expression systems can provide BMP2 in large amounts, the typically insoluble protein requires complex denaturation-renaturation procedures with medically hazardous reagents to obtain natively folded homodimeric BMP2. Based on a detailed aggregation analysis of wildtype BMP2, we designed a hydrophilic variant of BMP2 additionally containing an improved heparin binding site (BMP2-2Hep-7M). Consecutive optimization of BMP2-2Hep-7M expression and purification enabled production of soluble dimeric BMP2-2Hep-7M in high yield in E. coli. This was achieved by a) increasing protein hydrophilicity via introducing seven point mutations within aggregation hot spots of wildtype BMP2 and a longer N-terminus resulting in higher affinity for heparin, b) by employing E. coli strain SHuffle® T7, which enables the structurally essential disulfide-bond formation in BMP2 in the cytoplasm, c) by using BMP2 variant characteristic soluble expression conditions and application of l-arginine as solubility enhancer. The BMP2 variant BMP2-2Hep-7M shows strongly attenuated although not completely eliminated aggregation tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heinks
- Westfälische Hochschule Recklinghausen, 45665, Recklinghausen, Germany.
| | - Anette Hettwer
- Westfälische Hochschule Recklinghausen, 45665, Recklinghausen, Germany; Universität Würzburg, Department for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics - Botany I, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Hiepen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Gorka
- Westfälische Hochschule Recklinghausen, 45665, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas D Mueller
- Universität Würzburg, Department for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics - Botany I, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Favaroni A, Trinks A, Weber M, Hegemann JH, Schnee C. Pmp Repertoires Influence the Different Infectious Potential of Avian and Mammalian Chlamydia psittaci Strains. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:656209. [PMID: 33854490 PMCID: PMC8039305 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.656209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci is the etiological agent of chlamydiosis in birds and can be transmitted to humans, causing severe systemic disease. C. psittaci infects a broad range of hosts; strains are isolated not only from birds but also from mammals, where they seem to have a reduced infectious and zoonotic potential. Comparative analysis of chlamydial genomes revealed the coding sequences of polymorphic membrane proteins (Pmps) to be highly variable regions. Pmps are characterized as adhesins in C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae and are immunoreactive proteins in several Chlamydia species. Thus, Pmps are considered to be associated with tissue tropism and pathogenicity. C. psittaci harbors 21 Pmps. We hypothesize that the different infectious potential and host tropism of avian and mammalian C. psittaci strains is dependent on differences in their Pmp repertoires. In this study, we experimentally confirmed the different virulence of avian and mammalian strains, by testing the survival rate of infected embryonated eggs and chlamydiae dissemination in the embryos. Further, we investigated the possible involvement of Pmps in host tropism. Analysis of pmp sequences from 10 C. psittaci strains confirmed a high degree of variation, but no correlation with host tropism was identified. However, comparison of Pmp expression profiles from different strains showed that Pmps of the G group are the most variably expressed, also among avian and mammalian strains. To investigate their functions, selected Pmps were recombinantly produced from one avian and one mammalian representative strain and their adhesion abilities and relevance for the infection of C. psittaci strains in avian and mammalian cells were tested. For the first time, we identified Pmp22D, Pmp8G, and OmcB as relevant adhesins, essential during infection of C. psittaci strains in general. Moreover, we propose Pmp17G as a possible key player for host adaptation, as it could only bind to and influence the infection in avian cells, but it had no relevant impact towards infection in mammalian cells. These data support the hypothesis that distinct Pmp repertoires in combination with specific host factors may contribute to host tropism of C. psittaci strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Favaroni
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Trinks
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Weber
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes H Hegemann
- Institute of Functional Microbial Genomics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christiane Schnee
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
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Chen SW, Tan D, Yang YS, Zhang W. Investigation of the effect of salt additives in Protein L affinity chromatography for the purification of tandem single-chain variable fragment bispecific antibodies. MAbs 2021; 12:1718440. [PMID: 31983280 PMCID: PMC6999846 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1718440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tandem single-chain variable fragment (scFv) bispecific antibodies (bsAb) are one of the most promising bsAb formats reported thus far. Yet, because of their increased aggregation propensity, high impurity content due to low expression level, smaller size and lack of the Fc region, it is challenging to isolate these products with high yield and purity within a limited number of purification steps in a scalable fashion. A robust purification process that is able to circumvent these issues is therefore of critical importance to allow effective isolation of this group of antibodies. We investigated the addition of sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and L-arginine monohydrochloride (Arg·HCl) to the elution buffer of Protein L affinity chromatography, and propose here a novel mechanism for the modification of Protein L binding avidity that can lead to enhanced high molecular weight (HMW)-monomer separation, a preferential strengthening effect of the HMW-Protein L interaction compared to the monomer-Protein L interaction. In particular, we found Arg·HCl to be the most effective salt additive in terms of purity and recovery. The mechanism we propose is different from the widely reported chaotropic effect exerted by salt additives observed in Protein A chromatography. We also demonstrate here that a final eluate containing <1% HMW species and <100 ppm host cell proteins can be obtained within a two-step process with an overall yield of 65%, highlighting the promising suitability of Protein L affinity chromatography for the purification of kappa light chain-containing tandem scFv bsAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene W Chen
- Downstream Processing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Darryl Tan
- Downstream Processing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Yuan Sheng Yang
- Animal Cell Technology Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- Downstream Processing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
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Li H, Zhang J, An C, Dong S. Probing N-Glycan Functions in Human Interleukin-17A Based on Chemically Synthesized Homogeneous Glycoforms. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2846-2856. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuanjing An
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Suwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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11
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Development of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (nartograstim) production process in Escherichia coli compatible with industrial scale and with no antibiotics in the culture medium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 105:169-183. [PMID: 33201277 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine that has important clinical applications for treating neutropenia. Nartograstim is a recombinant variant of human G-CSF. Nartograstim has been produced in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies (IB) and presents higher stability and biological activity than the wild type of human G-CSF because of its mutations. We developed a production process of nartograstim in a 10-L bioreactor using auto-induction or chemically defined medium. After cell lysis, centrifugation, IB washing, and IB solubilization, the following three refolding methods were evaluated: diafiltration, dialysis, and direct dilution in two refolding buffers. Western blot and SDS-PAGE confirmed the identity of 18.8-kDa bands as nartograstim in both cultures. The auto-induction medium produced 1.17 g/L and chemically defined medium produced 0.95 g/L. The dilution method yielded the highest percentage of refolding (99%). After refolding, many contaminant proteins precipitated during pH adjustment to 5.2, increasing purity from 50 to 78%. After applying the supernatant to cation exchange chromatography (CEC), nartograstim recovery was low and the purity was 87%. However, when the refolding solution was applied to anion exchange chromatography followed by CEC, 91%-98% purity and 2.2% recovery were obtained. The purification process described in this work can be used to obtain nartograstim with high purity, structural integrity, and the expected biological activity. KEY POINTS: • Few papers report the final recovery of the purification process from inclusion bodies. • The process developed led to high purity and reasonable recovery compared to literature. • Nartograstim biological activity was demonstrated in mice using a neutropenia model.
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12
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Xi G, Esfandiary R, Sacramento CB, Jouihan H, Sharma A, Roth R, Linke T. Refolding and purification of cGMP-grade recombinant human neurturin from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 168:105552. [PMID: 31866372 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurturin is a potent neurotrophic factor that has been investigated as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, and, more recently, for the treatment of type II diabetes. However, purification of neurturin for clinical applications has been hampered by its low solubility in aqueous solutions. Here we describe the development of a scalable manufacturing process for recombinant neurturin from E. coli. inclusion bodies. Neurturin was refolded from solubilized inclusion bodies by fed-batch dilution refolding with a titer of 90 mg per liter refold and a refold yield of 89%. A two-step purification process using cation exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, followed by formulation using tangential flow filtration resulted in an overall process yield of about 56 mg purified neurturin per liter refold. Solubility of neurturin during the purification process was maintained by the addition of 15% (w/v) glycerol to all buffers. For clinical applications and parenteral administration glycerol was replaced by 15% (w/v) sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin (i.e. Captisol) in the drug substance formulation buffer. The final purified product had low or undetectable levels of product-related impurities and concentrations of process-related contaminants such as host cell proteins, host cell DNA, endotoxins and Triton X-100 were reduced more than 10,000-fold or below the limit of detection. Bioactivity of purified recombinant neurturin was demonstrated in a cell-based assay by activation of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoling Xi
- Department of Purification Process Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Reza Esfandiary
- Department of Dosage Form Design and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | | | - Hani Jouihan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Arun Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Robert Roth
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 43183, Sweden
| | - Thomas Linke
- Department of Purification Process Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
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Fazeli B, Akbari V, Barkhordari A, Mir Mohammad Sadeghi H. Improvement of Soluble Production of Reteplase in Escherichia coli by Optimization of Chemical Chaperones in Lysis Buffer. Adv Biomed Res 2019; 8:65. [PMID: 31737582 PMCID: PMC6839271 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_212_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reteplase is a nonglycosylated derivative of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, a thrombolytic agent, which can be easily expressed in Escherichia coli. However, overexpression of reteplase in E. coli usually leads to accumulation of insoluble and inactive aggregates and inclusion bodies. In the present study, we aimed to optimize chemical additives of lysis buffer to avoid the initial aggregation and formation of inclusion bodies of reteplase at cell disruption step. Materials and Methods After protein expression in E. coli BL21 (DE3), the bacterial cells were disrupted in different lysis buffers using microsmashing. Eleven chemical additives at two concentration levels were combined based on a Plackett-Burman design to prepare 12 different lysis buffers used at cell disruption stage. Then, three additives with the most positive effect on improvement of solubility of reteplase were chosen and used for the second screening based on Box-Behnken model. Results The primary screening results showed that among 11 additives, arginine, K2PO4, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) had the most positive effect on solubility of reteplase. Our final results based on 14 runs of Box-Behnken design showed that the optimum buffer additive condition is 0.005 mg/ml CTAB, 0.065 mg/ml arginine, and 0.026 mg/ml K2PO4. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis and Western blotting of soluble and total fraction of samples confirmed that these additives significantly improved soluble production of reteplase compared with control. Conclusion Our study indicates that the application of chemical additives in cell lysis can improve the solubility of reteplase. Further studies are still required to understand the exact mechanism of chemical additives as a chemical chaperone during cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Fazeli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Asgar Barkhordari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Mir Mohammad Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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14
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Polarisome scaffolder Spa2-mediated macromolecular condensation of Aip5 for actin polymerization. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5078. [PMID: 31699995 PMCID: PMC6838200 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiprotein complex polarisome nucleates actin cables for polarized cell growth in budding yeast and filamentous fungi. However, the dynamic regulations of polarisome proteins in polymerizing actin under physiological and stress conditions remains unknown. We identify a previously functionally unknown polarisome member, actin-interacting-protein 5 (Aip5), which promotes actin assembly synergistically with formin Bni1. Aip5-C terminus is responsible for its activities by interacting with G-actin and Bni1. Through N-terminal intrinsically disordered region, Aip5 forms high-order oligomers and generate cytoplasmic condensates under the stresses conditions. The molecular dynamics and reversibility of Aip5 condensates are regulated by scaffolding protein Spa2 via liquid-liquid phase separation both in vitro and in vivo. In the absence of Spa2, Aip5 condensates hamper cell growth and actin cable structures under stress treatment. The present study reveals the mechanisms of actin assembly for polarity establishment and the adaptation in stress conditions to protect actin assembly by protein phase separation. The polarisome is a dynamic protein complex that nucleates F-actin for polarized yeast growth, but its regulation is unclear. Here, the authors report that the polarisome protein Aip5 undergoes Spa2-mediated phase separation in physiological and stress conditions, potentially for regulating actin assembly.
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Singh V, Patel KA, Sharma RK, Patil PR, Joshi AS, Parihar R, Athilingam T, Sinha N, Ganesh S, Sinha P, Roy I, Thakur AK. Discovery of Arginine Ethyl Ester as Polyglutamine Aggregation Inhibitor: Conformational Transitioning of Huntingtin N-Terminus Augments Aggregation Suppression. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3969-3985. [PMID: 31460743 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic disorder caused by a CAG expansion mutation in the huntingtin gene leading to polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the N-terminal part of huntingtin (Httex1). Expanded polyQ, through a complex aggregation pathway, forms aggregates in neurons and presents a potential therapeutic target. Here we show Httex1 aggregation suppression by arginine and arginine ethyl ester (AEE) in vitro, as well as in yeast and mammalian cell models of HD, bearing expanded polyQ. These molecules also rescue locomotion dysfunction in HD Drosophila model. Both molecules alter the hydrogen bonding network of polyQ to enhance its aqueous solubility and delay aggregation. AEE shows direct binding with the NT17 part of Httex1 to induce structural changes to impart an enhanced inhibitory effect. This study provides a platform for the development of better arginine based therapeutic molecules against polyQ-rich Httex1 aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender Singh
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kinjal A. Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Raj Kumar Sharma
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raibarelly Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Pratik R. Patil
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Abhayraj S. Joshi
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Rashmi Parihar
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Thamarailingam Athilingam
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raibarelly Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Subramaniam Ganesh
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Pradip Sinha
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thakur
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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16
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Ambati S, Ferarro AR, Kang SE, Lin J, Lin X, Momany M, Lewis ZA, Meagher RB. Dectin-1-Targeted Antifungal Liposomes Exhibit Enhanced Efficacy. mSphere 2019; 4:e00025-19. [PMID: 30760610 PMCID: PMC6374590 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00025-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus species cause pulmonary invasive aspergillosis resulting in nearly 100,000 deaths each year. Patients at the greatest risk of developing life-threatening aspergillosis have weakened immune systems and/or various lung disorders. Patients are treated with antifungals such as amphotericin B (AmB), caspofungin acetate, or triazoles (itraconazole, voriconazole, etc.), but these antifungal agents have serious limitations due to lack of sufficient fungicidal effect and human toxicity. Liposomes with AmB intercalated into the lipid membrane (AmB-LLs; available commercially as AmBisome) have severalfold-reduced toxicity compared to that of detergent-solubilized drug. However, even with the current antifungal therapies, 1-year survival among patients is only 25 to 60%. Hence, there is a critical need for improved antifungal therapeutics. Dectin-1 is a mammalian innate immune receptor in the membrane of some leukocytes that binds as a dimer to beta-glucans found in fungal cell walls, signaling fungal infection. Using a novel protocol, we coated AmB-LLs with Dectin-1's beta-glucan binding domain to make DEC-AmB-LLs. DEC-AmB-LLs bound rapidly, efficiently, and with great strength to Aspergillus fumigatus and to Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, highly divergent fungal pathogens of global importance. In contrast, untargeted AmB-LLs and bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated BSA-AmB-LLs showed 200-fold-lower affinity for fungal cells. DEC-AmB-LLs reduced the growth and viability of A. fumigatus an order of magnitude more efficiently than untargeted control liposomes delivering the same concentrations of AmB, in essence decreasing the effective dose of AmB. Future efforts will focus on examining pan-antifungal targeted liposomal drugs in animal models of disease.IMPORTANCE The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus causes pulmonary invasive aspergillosis resulting in nearly 100,000 deaths each year. Patients are often treated with antifungal drugs such as amphotericin B (AmB) loaded into liposomes (AmB-LLs), but all antifungal drugs, including AmB-LLs, have serious limitations due to human toxicity and insufficient fungal cell killing. Even with the best current therapies, 1-year survival among patients with invasive aspergillosis is only 25 to 60%. Hence, there is a critical need for improved antifungal therapeutics. Dectin-1 is a mammalian protein that binds to beta-glucan polysaccharides found in nearly all fungal cell walls. We coated AmB-LLs with Dectin-1 to make DEC-AmB-LLs. DEC-AmB-LLs bound strongly to fungal cells, while AmB-LLs had little affinity. DEC-AmB-LLs killed or inhibited A. fumigatus 10 times more efficiently than untargeted liposomes, decreasing the effective dose of AmB. Dectin-1-coated drug-loaded liposomes targeting fungal pathogens have the potential to greatly enhance antifungal therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Ambati
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Aileen R Ferarro
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - S Earl Kang
- Fungal Biology Group and Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jianfeng Lin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michelle Momany
- Fungal Biology Group and Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Zachary A Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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18
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Vermeulen JG, Burt F, van Heerden E, Cason E, Meiring M. Evaluation of in vitro refolding vs cold shock expression: Production of a low yielding single chain variable fragment. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 151:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Sun H, Qiao Z, Chua KP, Tursic A, Liu X, Gao YG, Mu Y, Hou X, Miao Y. Profilin Negatively Regulates Formin-Mediated Actin Assembly to Modulate PAMP-Triggered Plant Immunity. Curr Biol 2018; 28:1882-1895.e7. [PMID: 29861135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Profilin functions with formin in actin assembly, a process that regulates multiple aspects of plant development and immune responses. High-level eukaryotes contain multiple isoforms of profilin, formin, and actin, whose partner-specific interactions in actin assembly are not completely understood in plant development and defense responses. To examine the functionally distinct interactions between profilin and formin, we studied all five Arabidopsis profilins and their interactions with formin by using both in vitro biochemical and in vivo cell biology approaches. Unexpectedly, we found a previously undescribed negative regulatory function of AtPRF3 in AtFH1-mediated actin polymerization. The N-terminal 37 residues of AtPRF3 were identified to play a predominant role in inhibiting formin-mediated actin nucleation via their high affinity for the formin polyproline region and their triggering of the oligomerization of AtPRF3. Both in vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies of AtPRF3 revealed a universal mechanism in which the weak interaction between profilin and formin positively regulates actin assembly by ensuring rapid recycling of profilin, whereas profilin oligomerization negatively regulates actin polymerization. Upon recognition of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern, the gene transcription and protein degradation of AtPRF3 are modulated for actin assembly during plant innate immunity. The prf3 Arabidopsis plants show higher sensitivity to the bacterial flagellum peptide in both the plant growth and ROS responses. These findings demonstrate a profilin-mediated actin assembly mechanism underlying the plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Zhu Qiao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Khi Pin Chua
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Alma Tursic
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yong-Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Yuguang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Xingliang Hou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
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20
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Salehinia J, Sadeghi HMM, Abedi D, Akbari V. Improvement of solubility and refolding of an anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 single-chain antibody fragment inclusion bodies. Res Pharm Sci 2018; 13:566-574. [PMID: 30607154 PMCID: PMC6288993 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.245968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Single chain variable fragment antibodies (scFvs) have attracted many attentions due to their small size, faster bio-distribution and better penetration in to the target tissues, and ease of expression in Escherichia coli. Although, scFv expression in E. coli usually leads to formation of inclusion bodies (IBs). The aim of this research was to improve solubilizing and refolding conditions for IBs of scFv version of pertuzumab (anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody). After protein overexpression in E. coli BL21 (DE3), bacterial cells were lysed and IBs were extracted via repeated washing and centrifugation. The effect of different types, concentrations, pHs, and additive of denaturing agents on IBs solubility were evaluated. More than 40 refolding additives were screened and combinations of 10 of the best additives were check out using Plackett-Burman design to choose three refolding additives with the most positive effect on refolding of the scFv. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the concentration of adopted additives. The most efficient buffer to solubilize IBs was a buffer containing 6 M urea with 6 mM beta mercaptoethanol, pH 11. The optimum concentration of three buffer additives for refolding of the scFv was 23 mM tricine, 0.55 mM arginine, and 14.3 mM imidazole. The bioactivity of the refolded scFv was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of breast cancer tissue, a specific binding based method. The systematic optimization of refolding buffer developed in the present work will contribute to improve the refolding of other scFv fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Salehinia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Hamid Mir Mohammad Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Daryoush Abedi
- Department of Drug & Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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21
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Imamura R, Murata N, Shimanouchi T, Yamashita K, Fukuzawa M, Noda M. A Label-Free Fluorescent Array Sensor Utilizing Liposome Encapsulating Calcein for Discriminating Target Proteins by Principal Component Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E1630. [PMID: 28714873 PMCID: PMC5539792 DOI: 10.3390/s17071630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A new fluorescent arrayed biosensor has been developed to discriminate species and concentrations of target proteins by using plural different phospholipid liposome species encapsulating fluorescent molecules, utilizing differences in permeation of the fluorescent molecules through the membrane to modulate liposome-target protein interactions. This approach proposes a basically new label-free fluorescent sensor, compared with the common technique of developed fluorescent array sensors with labeling. We have confirmed a high output intensity of fluorescence emission related to characteristics of the fluorescent molecules dependent on their concentrations when they leak from inside the liposomes through the perturbed lipid membrane. After taking an array image of the fluorescence emission from the sensor using a CMOS imager, the output intensities of the fluorescence were analyzed by a principal component analysis (PCA) statistical method. It is found from PCA plots that different protein species with several concentrations were successfully discriminated by using the different lipid membranes with high cumulative contribution ratio. We also confirmed that the accuracy of the discrimination by the array sensor with a single shot is higher than that of a single sensor with multiple shots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Imamura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Naoki Murata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Toshinori Shimanouchi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Yamashita
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Fukuzawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Minoru Noda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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22
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Chandra B, Halder S, Adler J, Korn A, Huster D, Maiti S. Emerging structural details of transient amyloid-β oligomers suggest designs for effective small molecule modulators. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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23
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Strategies for over-expression and purification of recombinant full length STAT5B in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 129:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Bastos MS, Tremblay A, Agripino JM, Rabelo ILA, Barreto LP, Pelletier J, Lecka J, Silva-Júnior A, Bressan GC, Almeida MR, Sévigny J, Fietto JLR. The expression of NTPDase1 and -2 of Leishmania infantum chagasi in bacterial and mammalian cells: Comparative expression, refolding and nucleotidase characterization. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 131:60-69. [PMID: 27856402 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) represents an important global health problem in several warm countries around the world. The main targets in this study are the two nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) from Leishmania infantum chagasi that are the main etiologic agent of VL in the New World. These enzymes, called LicNTPDase1 and -2, are homologous to members 5 and 6 of the mammalian E-NTPDase/CD39 superfamily of enzymes. These enzymes hydrolyze nucleotides and accordingly can participate in the purine salvage pathways and in the modulation of purinergic signaling through the extracellular nucleotide-dependent host immune responses. They can therefore affect adhesion and infection of host cells and the parasite virulence. To further characterize these enzymes, in this work, we expressed LicNTPDase1 and -2 in the classical bacterial system Escherichia coli and mammalian cell system COS-7 cells. Our data demonstrate that changes in refolding after expression in bacteria can increase the activity of recombinant (r) rLicNTPDase2 up to 20 times but has no significant effect on rLicNTPDase1. Meanwhile, the expression in COS-7 led to a significant increase in activity for rLicNTPDase1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Bastos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Biotecnologia Estrutural e Química Medicinal em Doenças Infecciosas- INBEQMeDI, Brazil; Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - A Tremblay
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - J M Agripino
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - I L A Rabelo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - L P Barreto
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - J Pelletier
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - J Lecka
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - A Silva-Júnior
- Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - G C Bressan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - M R Almeida
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - J Sévigny
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - J L R Fietto
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Biotecnologia Estrutural e Química Medicinal em Doenças Infecciosas- INBEQMeDI, Brazil.
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Dangi AK, Rishi P, Tewari R. Enhancing the Yield of Active Recombinant Chitobiase by Physico-Chemical and In Vitro Refolding Studies. Protein J 2016; 35:72-9. [PMID: 26831864 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-016-9648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chitobiase (CHB) is an important enzyme for the production of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from the chitin biopolymer in the series of chitinolytic enzymes. Majority of over-expressed CHB (58%) in E. coli expression system led to formation of inclusion bodies. The production and soluble yield of active CHB was enhanced by co-expression with GroEL/ES chaperonin, optimizing culture conditions and solubilization followed by refolding of remaining inactive chitobiase present in the form of inclusion bodies. The growth of recombinant E. coli produced 42% CHB in soluble form and the rest (~58%) as inclusion bodies. The percentage of active CHB was enhanced to 71% by co-expression with GroEL/ES chaperonin system and optimizing culture conditions (37 °C, 200 rpm, IPTG--0.5 mM, L-arabinose--13.2 mM). Of the remaining inactive CHB present in inclusion bodies, 37% could be recovered in active form using pulsatile dilution method involving denaturants (2 M urea, pH 12.5) and protein refolding studies (1.0 M L-arginine, 5% glycerol). Using combinatorial approach, 80% of the total CHB expressed, could be recovered from cells grown in one litre of LB medium is a step forward in replacing hazardous chemical technology by biotechnological process for the production of NAG from chitinous waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Dangi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Rupinder Tewari
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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26
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Ng WK, Lim TS, Lai NS. Expression of soluble human Neonatal Fc-receptor (FcRn) in Escherichia coli through modification of growth environment. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 127:73-80. [PMID: 27412717 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal Fc-receptor (FcRn) with its affinity to immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been the subject of many pharmacokinetic studies in the past century. This protein is well known for its unique feature in maintaining the circulating IgG from degradation in blood plasma. FcRn is formed by non-covalent association between the α-chain with the β-2-microglobulin (β2m). Many studies have been conducted to produce FcRn in the laboratory, mainly using mammalian tissue culture as host for recombinant protein expression. In this study, we demonstrate a novel strategy to express the α-chain of FcRn using Escherichia coli as the expression host. The expression vector that carries the cDNA of the α-chain was transformed into expression host, Rosetta-gami 2 strain for inducible expression. The bacterial culture was grown in a modified growth medium which constitutes of terrific broth, sodium chloride (NaCl), glucose and betaine. A brief heat shock at 45 °C was carried out after induction, before the temperature for expression was reduced to 22 °C and grown for 16 h. The soluble form of the α-chain of FcRn expressed was tested in the ELISA and dot blot immunoassay to confirm its native functionality. The results implied that the α-chain of FcRn expressed using this method is functional and retains its pH-dependent affinity to IgG. Our study significantly suggests that the activity of human FcRn remain active and functional in the absence of β2m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woei Kean Ng
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ngit Shin Lai
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Zhang Z, Sohgawa M, Yamashita K, Noda M. A Micromechanical Cantilever-Based Liposome Biosensor for Characterization of Protein-Membrane Interaction. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Rudloff MW, Woosley AN, Wright NT. Biophysical characterization of naturally occurring titin M10 mutations. Protein Sci 2015; 24:946-55. [PMID: 25739468 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The giant proteins titin and obscurin are important for sarcomeric organization, stretch response, and sarcomerogenesis in myofibrils. The extreme C-terminus of titin (the M10 domain) binds to the N-terminus of obscurin (the Ig1 domain) in the M-band. The high-resolution structure of human M10 has been solved, along with M10 bound to one of its two known molecular targets, the Ig1 domain of obscurin-like. Multiple M10 mutations are linked to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2J (LGMD2J) and tibial muscular dystrophy (TMD). The effect of the M10 mutations on protein structure and function has not been thoroughly characterized. We have engineered all four of the naturally occurring human M10 missense mutants and biophysically characterized them in vitro. Two of the four mutated constructs are severely misfolded, and cannot bind to the obscurin Ig1 domain. One mutation, H66P, is folded at room temperature but unfolds at 37°C, rendering it binding incompetent. The I57N mutation shows no significant structural, dynamic, or binding differences from the wild-type domain. We suggest that this mutation is not directly responsible for muscle wasting disease, but is instead merely a silent mutation found in symptomatic patients. Understanding the biophysical basis of muscle wasting disease can help streamline potential future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Rudloff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 22807
| | - Alec N Woosley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 22807
| | - Nathan T Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 22807
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29
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Zhao D, Liu Y, Zhang G, Zhang C, Li X, Wang Q, Shi H, Su Z. Interaction of arginine with protein during refolding process probed by amide H/D exchange mass spectrometry and isothermal titration calorimetry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Kheddo P, Tracka M, Armer J, Dearman RJ, Uddin S, van der Walle CF, Golovanov AP. The effect of arginine glutamate on the stability of monoclonal antibodies in solution. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:126-33. [PMID: 24992318 PMCID: PMC4162492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Finding excipients which mitigate protein self-association and aggregation is an important task during formulation. Here, the effect of an equimolar mixture of l-Arg and l-Glu (Arg·Glu) on colloidal and conformational stability of four monoclonal antibodies (mAb1–mAb4) at different pH is explored, with the temperatures of the on-set of aggregation (Tagg) and unfolding (Tm1) measured by static light scattering and intrinsic fluorescence, respectively. Arg·Glu increased the Tagg of all four mAbs in concentration-dependent manner, especially as pH increased to neutral. Arg·Glu also increased Tm1 of the least thermally stable mAb3, but without similar direct effect on the Tm1 of other mAbs. Raising pH itself from 5 to 7 increased Tm1 for all four mAbs. Selected mAb formulations were assessed under accelerated stability conditions for the monomer fraction remaining in solution after storage. The aggregation of mAb3 was suppressed to a greater extent by Arg·Glu than by Arg·HCl. Furthermore, Arg·Glu suppressed the aggregation of mAb1 at neutral pH such that the fraction monomer was near to that at the more typical formulation pH of 5.5. We conclude that Arg·Glu can suppress mAb aggregation with increasing temperature/pH and, importantly, under accelerated stability conditions at weakly acidic to neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Kheddo
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | | | - Rebecca J Dearman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Shahid Uddin
- MedImmune Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | | | - Alexander P Golovanov
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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32
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Venceslau SS, Cort JR, Baker ES, Chu RK, Robinson EW, Dahl C, Saraiva LM, Pereira IA. Redox states of Desulfovibrio vulgaris DsrC, a key protein in dissimilatory sulfite reduction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:732-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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García-Navas R, Munder M, Mollinedo F. Depletion of L-arginine induces autophagy as a cytoprotective response to endoplasmic reticulum stress in human T lymphocytes. Autophagy 2012; 8:1557-76. [PMID: 22874569 PMCID: PMC3494587 DOI: 10.4161/auto.21315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
L-arginine (L-Arg) deficiency results in decreased T-cell proliferation and impaired T-cell function. Here we have found that L-Arg depletion inhibited expression of different membrane antigens, including CD247 (CD3ζ), and led to an ER stress response, as well as cell cycle arrest at G(0)/G(1) in both human Jurkat and peripheral blood mitogen-activated T cells, without undergoing apoptosis. By genetic and biochemical approaches, we found that L-Arg depletion also induced autophagy. Deprivation of L-Arg induced EIF2S1 (eIF2α), MAPK8 (JNK), BCL2 (Bcl-2) phosphorylation, and displacement of BECN1 (Beclin 1) binding to BCL2, leading to autophagosome formation. Silencing of ERN1 (IRE1α) prevented the induction of autophagy as well as MAPK8 activation, BCL2 phosphorylation and XBP1 splicing, whereas led T lymphocytes to apoptosis under L-Arg starvation, suggesting that the ERN1-MAPK8 pathway plays a major role in the activation of autophagy following L-Arg depletion. Autophagy was required for survival of T lymphocytes in the absence of L-Arg, and resulted in a reversible process. Replenishment of L-Arg made T lymphocytes to regain the normal cell cycle profile and proliferate, whereas autophagy was inhibited. Inhibition of autophagy by ERN1, BECN1 and ATG7 silencing, or by pharmacological inhibitors, promoted cell death of T lymphocytes incubated in the absence of L-Arg. Our data indicate for the first time that depletion of L-Arg in T lymphocytes leads to a reversible response that preserves T lymphocytes through ER stress and autophagy, while remaining arrested at G(0)/G(1). Our data also show that the L-Arg depletion-induced ER stress response could lead to apoptosis when autophagy is blocked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rósula García-Navas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer; CSIC–Universidad de Salamanca; Campus Miguel de Unamuno; Salamanca, Spain
- APOINTECH; Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE); Parque Científico de la Universidad de Salamanca; Villamayor; Salamanca, Spain
| | - Markus Munder
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology); University Medical Center; Mainz, Germany
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer; CSIC–Universidad de Salamanca; Campus Miguel de Unamuno; Salamanca, Spain
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Inhibitory effects of arginine on the aggregation of bovine insulin. JOURNAL OF BIOPHYSICS 2012; 2012:434289. [PMID: 22848214 PMCID: PMC3400368 DOI: 10.1155/2012/434289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Static and dynamic light scattering were used to investigate the effects of L-arginine, commonly used to inhibit protein aggregation, on the initial aggregation kinetics of solutions of bovine insulin in 20% acetic acid and 0.1 M NaCl as a model system for amyloidosis. Measurements were made as a function of insulin concentration (0.5–2.0 mM), quench temperature (60–85°C), and arginine concentration (10–500 mM). Aggregation kinetics under all conditions had a lag phase, whose duration decreased with increasing temperature and with increasing insulin concentration but which increased by up to a factor of 8 with increasing added arginine. Further, the initial growth rate after the lag phase also slowed by up to a factor of about 20 in the presence of increasing concentrations of arginine. From the temperature dependence of the lag phase duration, we find that the nucleation activation energy doubles from 17 ± 5 to 36 ± 3 kcal/mol in the presence of 500 mM arginine.
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Shulepko MA, Liukmanova EN, Kasheverov IE, Dolgikh DA, Tsetlin VI, Kirpichnikov MP. [Bacterial expression of water-soluble domain of Lynx1, endogenic neuromodulator of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptors]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012; 37:609-15. [PMID: 22332355 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162011050165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lynx1 expresses in the central nervous system and plays important role in a regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Successful milligram-quantitive expression of ws-Lynx1 was achieved only in the case of its production in the form of cytoplasm inclusion bodies. Different conditions of ws-Lynx1 refolding for yield optimization were performed. The obtained recombinant protein was characterized by means of mass spectrometry and CD spectroscopy. The binding experiments on the nAChRs from Torpedo californica membranes revealed that ws-Lynxl is biologically active and blocks muscle nAChR with IC50-20-30 microM.
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36
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Su Z, Lu D, Liu Z. Refolding of inclusion body proteins from E. coli. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2011; 54:319-38. [PMID: 21954784 DOI: 10.1002/9780470939932.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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37
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A rational design for hepatitis B virus X protein refolding and bioprocess development guided by second virial coefficient studies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:181-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-3058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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High-yield expression of human vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF165 in Escherichia coli and purification for therapeutic applications. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 72:184-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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de Marco A. Strategies for successful recombinant expression of disulfide bond-dependent proteins in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2009; 8:26. [PMID: 19442264 PMCID: PMC2689190 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-8-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are simple and cost effective hosts for producing recombinant proteins. However, their physiological features may limit their use for obtaining in native form proteins of some specific structural classes, such as for instance polypeptides that undergo extensive post-translational modifications. To some extent, also the production of proteins that depending on disulfide bridges for their stability has been considered difficult in E. coli. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms keep their cytoplasm reduced and, consequently, disulfide bond formation is impaired in this subcellular compartment. Disulfide bridges can stabilize protein structure and are often present in high abundance in secreted proteins. In eukaryotic cells such bonds are formed in the oxidizing environment of endoplasmic reticulum during the export process. Bacteria do not possess a similar specialized subcellular compartment, but they have both export systems and enzymatic activities aimed at the formation and at the quality control of disulfide bonds in the oxidizing periplasm. This article reviews the available strategies for exploiting the physiological mechanisms of bactera to produce properly folded disulfide-bonded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ario de Marco
- Cogentech, IFOM-IEO Campus for Oncogenomic, via Adamello, 16 - 20139, Milano, Italy.
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40
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Chen J, Liu Y, Li X, Wang Y, Ding H, Ma G, Su Z. Cooperative effects of urea and L-arginine on protein refolding. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 66:82-90. [PMID: 19233287 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of low concentrations of urea, guanidinium chloride or arginine has been reported in the literature to increase protein refolding and yield of active proteins by suppressing aggregate formation. However, no studies have yet examined whether these substances can exert synergistic or cooperative effects when used in combination. In this work, a comparative study was carried out on refolding of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in the presence of different concentrations of urea, guanidinium chloride or arginine. All three folding aids could inhibit the formation of insoluble aggregates of rhG-CSF but with different efficacies. A low concentration of guanidinium chloride was found to denature protein, so that rhG-CSF was not fully or correctly folded even if concentration was reduced to 1M. Low concentration of urea (2M) or arginine (0.5M) did not cause rhG-CSF denaturation, but urea was unable to suppress the formation of soluble oligomers, which persisted at a level of about 30% in refolded soluble rhG-CSF. Arginine, in contrast, could inhibit formation of all soluble oligomers. Based on these phenomena, we tested rhG-CSF folding in a mixture of 2M urea and 0.5M arginine. Kinetic analysis indicated that urea aided in suppressing insoluble precipitates, while arginine prevented formation of soluble oligomers produced by hydrophobic interaction. With this combination system, the refolding yield of rhG-CSF could be increased 2-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
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