1
|
Accuracy and Reliability of 3D Imaging for Facial Movement Evaluation: Validation of the VECTRA H1. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e4664. [PMID: 36845862 PMCID: PMC9953034 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional imaging can be used to obtain objective assessments of facial morphology that is useful in a variety of clinical settings. The VECTRA H1 is unique in that it is relatively inexpensive, handheld, and does not require standardized environmental conditions for image capture. Although it provides accurate measurements when imaging relaxed facial expressions, the clinical evaluation of many disorders involves the assessment of facial morphology when performing facial movements. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of the VECTRA H1, specifically when imaging facial movement. Methods The accuracy, intrarater, and interrater reliability of the VECTRA H1 were assessed when imaging four facial expressions: eyebrow lift, smile, snarl, and lip pucker. Fourteen healthy adult subjects had the distances between 13 fiducial facial landmarks measured at rest and the terminal point of each of the four movements by digital caliper and by the VECTRA H1. Intraclass correlation and Bland-Altman limits of agreement were used to determine agreement between measures. The agreement between measurements obtained by five different reviewers was evaluated by intraclass correlation to determine interrater reliability. Results Median correlation between digital caliper and VECTRA H1 measurements ranged from 0.907 (snarl) to 0.921 (smile). Median correlation was very good for both intrarater (0.960-0.975) and interrater reliability (0.997-0.999). The mean absolute error between modalities, and both within and between raters was less than 2 mm for all movements tested. Conclusion The VECTRA H1 met acceptable standards for the assessment of facial morphology when imaging facial movements.
Collapse
|
2
|
A Novel Approach for the Shape Characterisation of Non-Melanoma Skin Lesions Using Elliptic Fourier Analyses and Clinical Images. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154392. [PMID: 35956008 PMCID: PMC9369039 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The early detection of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC) is crucial to achieve the best treatment outcomes. Shape is considered one of the main parameters taken for the detection of some types of skin cancer such as melanoma. For NMSC, the importance of shape as a visual detection parameter is not well-studied. A dataset of 993 standard camera images containing different types of NMSC and benign skin lesions was analysed. For each image, the lesion boundaries were extracted. After an alignment and scaling, Elliptic Fourier Analysis (EFA) coefficients were calculated for the boundary of each lesion. The asymmetry of lesions was also calculated. Then, multivariate statistics were employed for dimensionality reduction and finally computational learning classification was employed to evaluate the separability of the classes. The separation between malignant and benign samples was successful in most cases. The best-performing approach was the combination of EFA coefficients and asymmetry. The combination of EFA and asymmetry resulted in a balanced accuracy of 0.786 and an Area Under Curve of 0.735. The combination of EFA and asymmetry for lesion classification resulted in notable success rates when distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. In light of these results, skin lesions’ shape should be integrated as a fundamental part of future detection techniques in clinical screening.
Collapse
|
3
|
Reproducibility of Novel Soft-Tissue Landmarks on Three-Dimensional Human Facial Scan Images in Caucasian and Asian. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:719-731. [PMID: 34704125 PMCID: PMC9090709 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Three-dimensional surface imaging is established in many disciplines for objective facial acquisition regarding anthropometry. Former studies addressed the validation of landmark-based measurements for single race. In order to distinguish racial difference, the reproducibility of the landmark measurements must first be validated. Objectives Our purpose is to validate the reproducibility of 46 facial soft-tissue landmarks on x, y, z axes to prove their reliability as 3D reference points.
Methods The study included 80 European Caucasian and 80 Chinese volunteers. Standardized 3D surface imaging was performed using Vectra 3D system. Two raters identified and defined 46 landmarks (138 coordinates), then repeatedly 3D-imaged volunteers' facial region in separate sessions. Coordinates' reproducibility of landmarks is divided into three categories (< 0.5 mm, < 1 mm, and >1 mm) for intra- and inter-rater reproducibility assessments.
Results Coordinates' reproducibility of 160 samples was distributed as follows: Intra-rater: < 0.5 mm (45%), < 1 mm (42%), >1 mm (13%); inter-rater: < 0.5 mm (31.2%), < 1 mm (42%), > 1 mm (26.8%). The reproducibility of landmarks in nasal tip region differs slightly between Caucasians and Asians. Compared to females, males typically have higher landmark reproducibility in lip and chin region. However, there were no differences in the reproducibility ranking of landmarks by gender. Conclusion The majority of the 46 landmarks in the 3D plane are reproducible to 1 mm, which is clinically acceptable. All selected landmarks showed strong consistency across race and gender, suggesting their potential use as reference points in prospective clinical practice. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00266-021-02642-4.
Collapse
|
4
|
Three-Dimensional Facial Anthropometric Analysis With and Without Landmark Labelling: Is There a Real Difference? J Craniofac Surg 2021; 33:665-668. [PMID: 33867510 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The actual role of landmarks labeling before three-dimensional (3D) facial acquisition is still debated. In this study, several measurements were compared among textured labeled (TL), unlabeled (NL), and untextured (NTL) 3D facial models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The face of 50 subjects was acquired through stereophotogrammetry. Landmark coordinates were extracted from TL, NL, and NTL facial models, and 33 linear and angular measurements were calculated, together with surface area and volume. Accuracy of measurements among TL, NL, and NTL models was assessed through calculation of relative technical error of measurement (rTEM). The intra- and inter-observer errors for each type of facial model were calculated. RESULTS Intra- and inter-observer error of measurements increased passing from textured to NTL and NL 3D models. Average rTEMs between TL models, and NTL and NL models were 4.5 ± 2.6% and 4.7 ± 2.8%, respectively, almost all measurements being classified as "very good" or "good." Only for orbital height and its inclination, mandibular ramus length, nasal convexity, alar slope angle, and facial divergence, rTEM was classified as "moderate" or "poor." CONCLUSIONS Accuracy and precision of measurements decrease when landmarks are not previously labeled; attention must be taken when measurements have a low magnitude or involve landmarks requiring palpation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pucciarelli V, Gibelli D, Mastella C, Bertoli S, Alberti K, De Amicis R, Codari M, Dolci C, Battezzati A, Baranello G, Sforza C. 3D Facial morphology in children affected by spinal muscular atrophy type 2 (SMAII). Eur J Orthod 2021; 42:500-508. [PMID: 31529029 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective of this study was to assess the three-dimensional facial characteristics of children affected by spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a severe muscular disorder characterized by hypotonia, areflexia, weakness, and respiratory impairment. MATERIALS/METHODS Stereophotogrammetric facial scans from 22 SMA type II patients aged 2-7 years were obtained. Data were analysed using both inter-landmark distances and principal component analysis and compared with data collected from matched control subjects. RESULTS Patients had wider transverse facial diameters, but smaller biocular width. Middle and lower anterior face heights were increased, whereas the mandibular ramus was shorter, with a reduced posterior-to-anterior face height ratio. Facial width-to-length ratio was reduced. In the sagittal plane, mandibular body length, and facial divergence were increased, whereas the gonial angles were decreased. In the horizontal plane, lower facial convexity was greater in patients, whereas mandibular convexity was smaller. Patients had smaller and down-slanted eye fissures, with a larger and more vertically developed nose. LIMITATIONS This study assessed a relatively small number of patients, due to the rare frequency of SMA type II. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS SMA type II children possess peculiar facial alterations that may be due to the altered muscular activity. As feeding problems may derive also by malocclusion and masticatory muscular alterations, a detailed assessment of the craniofacial individual alterations should be considered in the standards of care of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pucciarelli
- LAFAS, Laboratory of Functional Anatomy of the Stomatognathic System, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Gibelli
- LAFAS, Laboratory of Functional Anatomy of the Stomatognathic System, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mastella
- SAPRE, Parents Early Habilitation Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- ICANS, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Alberti
- SAPRE, Parents Early Habilitation Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Ramona De Amicis
- ICANS, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Codari
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Dolci
- LAFAS, Laboratory of Functional Anatomy of the Stomatognathic System, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- ICANS, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Baranello
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- LAFAS, Laboratory of Functional Anatomy of the Stomatognathic System, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roussos P, Mitsea A, Halazonetis D, Sifakakis I. Craniofacial shape in patients with beta thalassaemia: a geometric morphometric analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1686. [PMID: 33462286 PMCID: PMC7814138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The shape of the craniofacial complex of patients with beta thalassaemia was evaluated using geometric morphometrics on lateral cephalometric radiographs and was compared with matched controls. The beta thalassaemia group consisted of 40 patients (16 females, 24 males, mean age 33.4). Each patient was matched by age and gender to two controls (32 females, 48 males, mean age 33.1). The 120 lateral cephalometric radiographs were digitized and traced with 15 curves, 10 landmarks and 117 sliding semi-landmarks. These landmarks were subjected to Procrustes superimposition and principal component analysis in order to describe shape variability of the cranial base, maxilla and mandible, as well as of the entire craniofacial complex for each sex. The first 4 principal components accounted for 50% of the total sample's variability. The beta thalassaemia group was significantly different in overall shape to the control group for both sexes. Similar findings were noted for the maxilla, the mandible and the cranial base. The main differences were related to smaller mandibular body for the thalassaemia group, midface protrusion and decrease in posterior face height. The shape of the craniofacial complex in these patients is prone to be more convex and hyperdivergent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petros Roussos
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2, Thivon Str., 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Mitsea
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2, Thivon Str., 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Iosif Sifakakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2, Thivon Str., 11527, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dolci C, Sansone VA, Gibelli D, Cappella A, Sforza C. Distinctive facial features in Andersen-Tawil syndrome: A three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric analysis. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:781-789. [PMID: 33369085 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) is a rare potassium channelopathy causing periodic paralysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and dysmorphic features. A detailed analysis of the face could facilitate diagnosis of ATS, as approximately 30% of patients do not show variants in KCNJ2 gene, and diagnosis is established by clinical findings. We aimed to characterize the face in ATS through a quantitative approach, as facial anomalies may be unnoticed on visual inspection. Facial images of 12 subjects with genetically confirmed ATS (six males, six females, age 5-67 years) were acquired through stereophotogrammetry. Using 38 soft-tissue landmarks, linear distances, angles, and ratios were calculated and expressed as z-score values, with reference to 477 healthy subjects matched for sex and age. All patients showed decreased lower facial height with shortening of philtrum (mean z-score ± SD: -1.5 ± 0.9), smaller mid and lower facial depths (-1.9 ± 0.7; -2.3 ± 0.9), short palpebral fissures (right -1.2 ± 0.4; left -1.6 ± 0.6), smaller mandibular ramus length (-2.1 ± 0.4), and increased nasal width/length ratio (1.4 ± 0.5) with smaller nostril axis length (right -1.8 ± 0.8, left -1.6 ± 0.7). Hypertelorism and low-set ears were detected in two-thirds of patients. The study quantified facial dysmorphysm in ATS, extending information about known features, and detecting unrecorded philtrum and nostril characteristics, which may be distinctive traits of the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dolci
- Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC), Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico (LAFAS), Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria A Sansone
- NEuroMuscularOmnicenter, NEMO Clinical Center, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Gibelli
- Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC), Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico (LAFAS), Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cappella
- Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC), Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico (LAFAS), Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC), Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico (LAFAS), Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pavón S, Lázaro E, Martínez O, Amayra I, López-Paz JF, Caballero P, Al-Rashaida M, Luna PM, García M, Pérez M, Berrocoso S, Rodríguez AA, Pérez-Núñez P. Ketogenic diet and cognition in neurological diseases: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:802-813. [PMID: 33354711 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT In recent years, the ketogenic diet has gained special relevance as a possible therapeutic alternative to some neurological and chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to answer the following question: Does a ketogenic diet improve cognitive skills in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, refractory epilepsy, and type 1 glucose deficiency syndrome? To define the research question, the PICOS criteria were used, following the guidelines of the PRISMA method. DATA SOURCES Medline/PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Dialnet, EBSCOhost, Mediagraphic, Sage Journals, ProQuest, and Wiley Online Library databases were used. DATA EXTRACTION After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria in accordance with the PRISMA method, a total of 63 entries published between 2004 and 2019 were used. DATA ANALYSIS The records extracted were analyzed from a qualitative approach, so no statistical analysis was carried out. CONCLUSION Although scientific literature on the subject is scarce and there has tended to be a lack of scientific rigor, the studies reviewed confirmed the effectiveness of this diet in improving the cognitive symptomatology of the aforementioned diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pavón
- Neuromuscular and Neurodevelopment Disorders Research Group (Neuro-e-Motion), Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Spain
| | - E Lázaro
- Neuromuscular and Neurodevelopment Disorders Research Group (Neuro-e-Motion), Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Spain
| | - O Martínez
- Neuromuscular and Neurodevelopment Disorders Research Group (Neuro-e-Motion), Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Spain
| | - I Amayra
- Neuromuscular and Neurodevelopment Disorders Research Group (Neuro-e-Motion), Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Spain
| | - J F López-Paz
- Neuromuscular and Neurodevelopment Disorders Research Group (Neuro-e-Motion), Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Spain
| | - P Caballero
- Neuromuscular and Neurodevelopment Disorders Research Group (Neuro-e-Motion), Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Spain
| | - M Al-Rashaida
- Neuromuscular and Neurodevelopment Disorders Research Group (Neuro-e-Motion), Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Spain
| | - P M Luna
- Neuromuscular and Neurodevelopment Disorders Research Group (Neuro-e-Motion), Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Spain
| | - M García
- Neuromuscular and Neurodevelopment Disorders Research Group (Neuro-e-Motion), Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Spain
| | - M Pérez
- Neuromuscular and Neurodevelopment Disorders Research Group (Neuro-e-Motion), Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Spain
| | - S Berrocoso
- Neuromuscular and Neurodevelopment Disorders Research Group (Neuro-e-Motion), Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Spain
| | - A A Rodríguez
- Neuromuscular and Neurodevelopment Disorders Research Group (Neuro-e-Motion), Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Spain
| | - P Pérez-Núñez
- Neuromuscular and Neurodevelopment Disorders Research Group (Neuro-e-Motion), Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guo Y, Liu J, Ruan Y, Rokohl AC, Hou X, Li S, Jia R, Koch KR, Heindl LM. A novel approach quantifying the periorbital morphology: A comparison of direct, 2-dimensional, and 3-dimensional technologies. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020; 74:1888-1899. [PMID: 33358464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of anatomical structures is critical in plastic and reconstructive surgery. However, few detailed and standardized measurements have been widely used in the periorbital region. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a novel detailed and standardized protocol with 2D and 3D technologies, and explore the relationship between them and direct measurements. METHODS Fifty healthy Caucasians (100 eyes) between 20 and 68 years old were recruited and captured for 3D photographs by VECTRA M3 3D Imaging System. Subsequently, 24 landmarks were located on each 3D photographs following a standardized protocol, and then 19 linear and 3 angular periorbital variables were measured. Furthermore, two-dimensional (2D) and direct measurements were conducted on each subject and compared with 3D measurements and one another. RESULTS The grand r means across all measurements were 0.77, 0.78, and 0.88 for direct vs. 2D values, direct vs. 3D values, and 3D vs. 2D values, respectively. The mean absolute differences were 1 mm (ranging from 0.2 mm to 3.7 mm) between direct and 3D measurements, 1 mm (ranging from 0.04 mm to 2.4 mm) between direct and 2D measurements, and 1 mm and 6.6° (ranging from 0.04 mm or 0.5° to 3 mm or 12.8°) between 2D and 3D measurements. CONCLUSIONS This study verified the feasibility of this detailed and standardized landmark localization protocol for assessing the periorbital morphology with 2D and 3D technologies. This protocol may work as a bridge communicating with all studies involving any of the three technologies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Eye Center, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Y Ruan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A C Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - X Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - K R Koch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - L M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Masnada S, Gibelli D, Dolci C, De Giorgis V, Cappella A, Veggiotti P, Sforza C. 3D facial morphometry in Italian patients affected by Aicardi syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2325-2332. [PMID: 32798292 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aicardi syndrome (AIC) is a rare congenital neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology, that affects almost exclusively females, originally characterized by corpus callosum agenesis, chorioretinal lacunae, and infantile spasms. The current diagnostic criteria also include qualitative facial features (prominent premaxilla, upturned nasal tip, decreased nasal bridge angle, sparse lateral eyebrows, and microphthalmia) that still need quantification. A three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetric assessment of 11 Italian females, age 7-32 years, who satisfied AIC criteria, was performed. Linear distances and angles were computed from soft-tissue facial landmarks coordinates. The z-score values were calculated using data of 850 healthy reference females matched for age and compared by Mann-Whitney test (p < .01). Patients showed a shorter philtrum and right side orbital height (mean z-scores: -1.7, -0.9), shorter superior, middle, and inferior facial depths (mean z-scores: -1.3, -2.2, -2.3), and a smaller length of mandibular ramus (mean z-score: -2.1); conversely, they showed larger nasal and lower facial widths, and lower facial convexity (mean z-scores: 1.7, 1.4, 2.4). The inclinations of the orbit versus the true horizontal were increased bilaterally (mean z-scores: 1.8, 1.1). Some common facial abnormalities were quantified in AIC patients using a noninvasive instrument. They may help clinicians in performing a definite AIC diagnosis in atypical or doubt cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Masnada
- Department of Child Neurology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Gibelli
- Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC), Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico (LAFAS), Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Dolci
- Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC), Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico (LAFAS), Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Cappella
- Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC), Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico (LAFAS), Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Veggiotti
- Department of Child Neurology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC), Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico (LAFAS), Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
A Simple Standardized Three-Dimensional Anthropometry for the Periocular Region in a European Population. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 145:514e-523e. [PMID: 32097302 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The three-dimensional surface imaging system is becoming more common in plastic surgeries. However, few studies have assessed three-dimensional periocular structures and surgical outcomes. This study aimed to propose a standardized three-dimensional anthropometric protocol for the periocular region, investigate its precision and accuracy, and determine the three-dimensional periocular anthropometric norms for young Caucasians. METHODS Thirty-nine healthy young Caucasians (78 eyes) were enrolled. Three-dimensional facial images were obtained with a VECTRA M3 stereophotogrammetry device. Thirty-eight measurements in periocular regions were obtained from these images. Every subject underwent facial surface capture twice to evaluate its precision. A paper ruler was applied to assess its accuracy. RESULTS Sixty-three percent of measurements in linear distances, curvatures, angles, and indices were found to reach a statistically significant difference between sexes (p ≤ 0.05, respectively). Across all measurements, the average mean absolute difference was 0.29 mm in linear dimensions, 0.56 mm in curvatures, 1.67 degrees in angles, and 0.02 in indices. In relative error of magnitude, 18 percent of the measurements were determined excellent, 51 percent very good, 31 percent good, and none moderate. The mean value of the paper-ruler scale was 10.01 ± 0.05 mm, the mean absolute difference value 0.02 mm, and the relative error of magnitude 0.17 percent. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to propose a detailed and standardized three-dimensional anthropometric protocol for the periocular region and confirm its high precision and accuracy. The results provided novel metric data concerning young Caucasian periocular anthropometry and determined the variability between sexes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gibelli D, Pucciarelli V, Caplova Z, Cappella A, Dolci C, Cattaneo C, Sforza C. Validation of a low-cost laser scanner device for the assessment of three-dimensional facial anatomy in living subjects. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:1493-1499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
13
|
Are Portable Stereophotogrammetric Devices Reliable in Facial Imaging? A Validation Study of VECTRA H1 Device. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 76:1772-1784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
14
|
Dolci C, Pucciarelli V, Gibelli DM, Codari M, Marelli S, Trifirò G, Pini A, Sforza C. The face in marfan syndrome: A 3D quantitative approach for a better definition of dysmorphic features. Clin Anat 2017; 31:380-386. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.23034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dolci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la SaluteUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilano Italy
| | - Valentina Pucciarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la SaluteUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilano Italy
| | - Daniele M. Gibelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la SaluteUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilano Italy
| | - Marina Codari
- Unità of Radiologia, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato MilaneseMilano Italy
| | - Susan Marelli
- Centro Malattie Rare, Marfan Clinic, U.O. Cardiologia, ASST Fatebenefratelli‐SaccoMilano Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Pini
- Centro Malattie Rare, Marfan Clinic, U.O. Cardiologia, ASST Fatebenefratelli‐SaccoMilano Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la SaluteUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilano Italy
| |
Collapse
|