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Barak MM. The trabecular architecture of the popliteal sesamoid bone (cyamella) from a New Zealand white rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Morphol 2024; 285:e21660. [PMID: 38100742 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Sesamoid bones are ossified structures that are embedded in tendons near articulation. They consist of an inner trabecular bone architecture surrounded by a thin cortical shell. While the formation of sesamoid bones is probably mainly controlled by genetic factors, the proper development and mineralization of a sesamoid bone depends also on mechanical stimulation. While most sesamoid bones are not loaded directly by other bones during locomotion, they still experience forces directed from the tendon in which they are embedded. In cases when the sesamoid bone is experiencing forces only from a single tendon, such as the cyamella in the rabbit, this may give us a tool to study bone functional adaptation in a relatively simple loading setting. This study investigates the internal trabecular architecture of the popliteal sesamoid bone (cyamellae) in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Five hind limbs of NZW rabbits were micro-computed tomography scanned and the cortical and trabecular architectures of the cyamellae were evaluated. The results revealed that similar to the patella, the cyamella has a thin cortex and a high trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), which is derived mostly from the high trabecular thickness (Tb.Th). Trabecular BV/TV and Tb.Th were not distributed homogeneously, but they were lower at the periphery and higher closer to the proximal and middle of the cyamella, near the musculotendinous junction. The results also demonstrated that trabeculae tend to align along two recognizable orientations, one with the direction of tensile stresses, in line with the popliteal tendon, and the second bridging the narrow space between the cranial and caudal cortical faces of the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meir M Barak
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA
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Woliński F, Bryliński Ł, Kostelecka K, Teresiński G, Buszewicz G, Baj J. Common fibular nerve palsy due to the Fabella: A review. Clin Anat 2024; 37:73-80. [PMID: 37377050 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common nerve palsies - common fibular nerve palsy - can be caused by the variant small sesamoid bone in the posterolateral compartment of the knee joint known as the fabella. We compared and reviewed all reported cases of common fibular nerve palsy due to fabellae in the English literature. Compression can develop spontaneously or post-surgically (total knee arthroplasty). Symptoms progress rapidly to complete foot drop. Among all the cases reviewed, 68.42% were males with a median age of 39.39 years. Fabella compression was more common in the left common fibular nerve (CFN) (63.16%). Both big (23 × 20 × 16 mm) and small (5 × 5 mm) fabellae can be responsible for compression. While diagnosis can be problematic, the treatment (either surgical fabellectomy or conservative) is relatively easy and brings quick improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Woliński
- Student Scientific Group, Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bryliński
- Student Scientific Group, Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kostelecka
- Student Scientific Group, Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Başaran S, Coşkun Benlidayı İ. Coexistence of symptomatic cyamella and multiple fabellae: A case report. Arch Rheumatol 2023; 38:156-158. [DOI: 10.46497/archrheumatol.2022.9521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
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D'Antoni AV, Tubbs RS, Patti AC, Higgins QM, Tiburzi H, Battaglia F. The Critical Appraisal Tool for Anatomical Meta-analysis (CATAM): A framework for critically appraising anatomical meta-analyses. Clin Anat 2022; 35:323-331. [PMID: 35015336 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of evidence-based medicine is the meta-analysis (MA). For much of its rich history, the field of anatomy has been dominated by descriptive, cadaveric studies. In the last two decades, quantitative measurements and statistical analyses have frequently accompanied such studies. These studies have directly led to the publication of anatomical MAs, which have ushered in the exciting field of evidence-based anatomy. Although critical appraisal tools exist for clinical MAs, none of them are specifically tailored for anatomical MAs. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a framework by which clinical anatomists and others can critically appraise anatomical MAs using the Critical Appraisal Tool for Anatomical Meta-analysis (CATAM). Using a running example from a recently published MA, we show how to use the CATAM rubric in a step-by-step fashion. Each scored section of the CATAM rubric is summated into a total score (maximum 50 points). This score is then referenced to a conversion chart, which assigns a qualitative value to the MA in a range from "very good" to "poor." Future studies can investigate the interrater reliability of the instrument, and possibly subject the CATAM rubric to a Delphi panel. As anatomical MAs become more commonplace at surgical grand rounds and journal clubs in academic medical centers throughout the world, we hope that the CATAM rubric can help facilitate meaningful discussions about the quality and clinical relevance of anatomical MAs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony V D'Antoni
- Physician Assistant Program, Wagner College, Staten Island, New York, USA.,Division of Anatomy, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada.,Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Fortunato Battaglia
- Department of Medical Sciences and Neurology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
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