1
|
Jin Y, Lu X, Liu Y, Su L, Bao C, Guo H. Activation of MAL2 by RAD21 inhibits the expression of MHC-I in immune evasion of endometrial cancer. Cytotechnology 2024; 76:465-482. [PMID: 38933871 PMCID: PMC11196506 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-024-00629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are the primary mediators of anticancer immunity, and modulation of the CD8+ T cell response has been a central focus of immunotherapy to treat cancer. When CD8+ T cells specifically recognize antigenic peptides presented by the MHC-I on tumor cells, they become activated and kill the tumor cells. However, one pivotal mechanism through which tumor cells evade immune surveillance is to reduce their antigen presentation. To identify novel immunotherapeutic targets, we specifically focused on the role of MAL2 in immune evasion in endometrial cancer (EC) and the underlying mechanism. MAL2 was overexpressed in EC tissues and cells and its transcription was enhanced by RAD21. Knockdown of MAL2 or RAD21 inhibited malignant behavior and immune evasion of EC cells by repressing MHC-I expression and the cytotoxic effects of CD8+ cells. Conversely, MAL2 promoted immune evasion of EC cells and tumor growth in mice in the presence of RAD21 knockdown. These results indicate that RAD21 activation of MAL2 inhibits antigen processing and presentation of MHC-I, thereby inducing immune evasion of EC cells. We further suggest that RAD21 and MAL2 may serve as novel targets for EC immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuni Jin
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Lu
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangdi Su
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Chan Bao
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiming Guo
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Sun Y, Tan M, Lin X, Tai P, Huang X, Jin Q, Yuan D, Xu T, He B. Association Between Polymorphisms in DNA Damage Repair Pathway Genes and Female Breast Cancer Risk. DNA Cell Biol 2024; 43:219-231. [PMID: 38634815 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer risk have been discussed to be associated with polymorphisms in genes as well as abnormal DNA damage repair function. This study aims to assess the relationship between genes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to DNA damage repair and female breast cancer risk in Chinese population. A case-control study containing 400 patients and 400 healthy controls was conducted. Genotype was identified using the sequence MassARRAY method and expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) in tumor tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry assay. The results revealed that ATR rs13091637 decreased breast cancer risk influenced by ER, PR (CT/TT vs. CC: adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-2.27, p = 0.032; CT/TT vs. CC: adjusted OR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.14-2.35, p = 0.008) expression. Stratified analysis revealed that PALB2 rs16940342 increased breast cancer risk in response to menstrual status (AG/GG vs. AA: adjusted OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.13-2.62, p = 0.011) and age of menarche (AG/GG vs. AA: adjusted OR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.03-2.31, p = 0.037), whereas ATM rs611646 and Ku70 rs132793 were associated with reduced breast cancer risk influenced by menarche (GA/AA vs. GG: adjusted OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.30-0.95, p = 0.033). In a summary, PALB2 rs16940342, ATR rs13091637, ATM rs611646, and Ku70 rs132793 were associated with breast cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Basic-Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yalan Sun
- School of Basic-Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjuan Tan
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Tai
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Jin
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bangshun He
- School of Basic-Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu X, Wang D, Xu W, Li H, Chen N, Li N, Yao Q, Chen W, Zhong J, Mao W. NIPBL-mediated RAD21 facilitates tumorigenicity by the PI3K pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer. Commun Biol 2024; 7:206. [PMID: 38378967 PMCID: PMC10879132 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
It is urgent to identify novel early diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for 85% of lung cancer cases and has a 5-year survival rate of 4-17%. Here, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to identify DNA‒protein interactions, RNA methylation was determined by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP), RNA stability was tested by an RNA decay assay. We showed that RAD21, a member of the cohesin complex, is upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines and found to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) of NSCLC patients. Mechanistically, the cohesin loading factor Nipped-B-Like Protein (NIPBL) promoted RAD21 gene transcription by enhancing histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylation via recruiting lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) to the RAD21 gene promoter. RAD21 enhanced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) gene transcription, and NIPBL reversed the effect of enhancer of zeste 2; catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (EZH2) on RAD21-mediated PI3K gene transcription by disrupting the association between EZH2 and RAD21. Moreover, NIPBL level was increased by stabilization of its transcripts through mRNA methylation. These findings highlight the oncogenic role of RAD21 in NSCLC and suggest its use as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Key laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, 38 Guangji Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weizhen Xu
- Key laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, 38 Guangji Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Key laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, 38 Guangji Road, Hangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, 268 West Xueyue Road, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ning Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, 268 West Xueyue Road, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qifeng Yao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, 268 West Xueyue Road, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, 38 Guangji Road, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianxiang Zhong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, China.
| | - Weimin Mao
- Key laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, 38 Guangji Road, Hangzhou, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, 268 West Xueyue Road, Wenzhou, China.
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Banshan East Road, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Albarakati N, Al-Ghamdi H, Al-Sowayan B, Alshareeda A. Homologous recombination mRNAs (RAD21, RAD50 and BARD1) have a potentially poor prognostic role in ERBB2-low bladder cancer patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11738. [PMID: 37474724 PMCID: PMC10359419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38923-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/ERBB2) factor is known to be implicated in many malignancies and the potential of it as a prognostic biomarker was reported years ago. Molecular subtypes of HER2/ERBB2 negative and positive with distinct clinical outcomes have been identified in recent years; however, it is still under investigation for bladder cancer. This study evaluates the biological and prognostic significance of RAD21, RAD50 and BARD1 (homologous recombination biomarkers) mRNA levels with ERBB2 low and high expression to explore their impact on bladder cancer patient survival and cancer aggressiveness. The expression of ERBB2, RAD21, RAD50 and BARD1 mRNA levels was assessed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) bladder cancer dataset along with four validation cohorts. Outcome analysis was evaluated using disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between RAD21, RAD50, BARD1 and ERBB2 expression and clinicopathological variables. A significant increase in mRNA expression levels of RAD21, RAD50 and BARD1 was noticed in ERBB2-low patients compared to ERBB2-high patients. This overexpression of the homologous recombination repair transcripts was associated with poor outcome in ERBB2-low tumors, not in ERBB2-high tumors. Furthermore, the combined expression of high RAD21/RAD50, high RAD21/BARD1 or high RAD50/BARD1 were significantly associated with worse DFS and a better outcome for those with low co-expression in the ERBB2-low cohort. High expression of either RAD21/RAD50 or RAD21/BARD1 in ERBB2-low cohort associated with higher chance of metastasis. In addition, gene expression of BARD1 alone or in combination with RAD50 acted as an independent prognostic factor for worst survival. The data presented in this study reveal a connection between RAD21, RAD50, BARD1 and ERBB2 and patient survival. Importantly, it provided novel findings and potential prognostic markers, particularly in ERBB2-low bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Albarakati
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hanin Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batla Al-Sowayan
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alshareeda
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Das AP, Chopra M, Agarwal SM. Prioritization and Meta-analysis of regulatory SNPs identified IL6, TGFB1, TLR9 and MMP7 as significantly associated with cervical cancer. Cytokine 2022; 157:155954. [PMID: 35810505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a leading women cancer globally with respect to both incidence and mortality. Its increased risk has been linked with HPV infection and genetic variations like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Although, studies have been published which evaluates the effect of SNPs in a few candidate genes, however the role of number of regulatory SNPs (rSNPs) in cervical cancer is not available. As literature evidence has shown that non-coding rSNPs are related with increasing cervical cancer risk, we undertook this study to prioritize the important rSNPs and elucidate their role. A search was conducted in PubMed up to December 2020, which led to the identification of 263 articles and 969 SNPs in the non-coding region. These 969 SNPs were analysed through rSNPBase and RegulomeDB, leading to identification of 105 rSNPs. Afterwards, a regulatory module was constructed using protein-protein interaction data and a hub of highly interacting 23 target genes (corresponding to 34 rSNPs) was identified using MCODE. To further understand the mechanism of action of the 34 rSNPs, their transcription factor information with respect to cervical cancer was retrieved. To evaluate the pooled effect of these prioritized polymorphisms in cervical cancer patients, a meta-analysis was performed on 10,537 cases and 11,252 controls from 30 studies corresponding to 8 rSNPs. It led to identification of polymorphisms in IL6 (rs2069837), TGFB1 (rs1800469), TLR9 (rs187084) and MMP7 (rs11568818) which are significantly (p < 0.05) associated with increased cervical cancer risk at the population level. Overall, the study demonstrates that rSNPs targeting immune and inflammatory genes (IL1B, IL6, IL10, IL18, TGFB1, CCR5, CD40, TLR9, and MMP7) are associated with cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agneesh Pratim Das
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, I-7, Sector-39, Noida 201301, India
| | - Meenu Chopra
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, I-7, Sector-39, Noida 201301, India
| | - Subhash M Agarwal
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, I-7, Sector-39, Noida 201301, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gou R, Li X, Dong H, Hu Y, Liu O, Liu J, Lin B. RAD21 Confers Poor Prognosis and Affects Ovarian Cancer Sensitivity to Poly(ADP-Ribose)Polymerase Inhibitors Through DNA Damage Repair. Front Oncol 2022; 12:936550. [PMID: 35860572 PMCID: PMC9289200 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.936550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are a class of molecular-targeted cancer drugs. Synthetic lethality is a phenomenon that renders homologous recombination repair defective cells more sensitive to PARP inhibitors. As a component of the cohesin complex, RAD21 regulates DNA damage repair. However, the biological roles of RAD21 in ovarian cancer and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods An immunohistochemical assay was used to validate the expression of RAD21 in ovarian cancer and its correlation with prognosis. The effects of RAD21 were evaluated through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), wound-healing, and invasion assays in vitro and the tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, CCK8 assay and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the effect of RAD21 on cell sensitivity to PARP inhibitors and their mechanism. The pathway changes were detected by Western blotting. Results RAD21 was markedly upregulated in ovarian cancer samples. High RAD21 expression was correlated with poor differentiation and poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Functionally, RAD21 overexpression promoted cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, RAD21 knockdown increased the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to three kinds of PARP inhibitors by affecting DNA damage repair. In vivo experiments indicated that RAD21 promoted tumor growth. Mechanistically, the overexpression of RAD21 led to increased phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR. Blocking the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway reversed RAD21 overexpression-induced cancer progression and drug resistance. Conclusions RAD21 can serve as a valuable prognostic marker for ovarian cancer and has the potential as a therapeutic target that can expand the utility of PARP inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuexin Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Ouxuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Bei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bei Lin,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hou W, Li Y, Zhang J, Xia Y, Wang X, Chen H, Lou H. Cohesin in DNA damage response and double-strand break repair. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 57:333-350. [PMID: 35112600 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2022.2027336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cohesin, a four-subunit ring comprising SMC1, SMC3, RAD21 and SA1/2, tethers sister chromatids by DNA replication-coupled cohesion (RC-cohesion) to guarantee correct chromosome segregation during cell proliferation. Postreplicative cohesion, also called damage-induced cohesion (DI-cohesion), is an emerging critical player in DNA damage response (DDR). In this review, we sum up recent progress on how cohesin regulates the DNA damage checkpoint activation and repair pathway choice, emphasizing postreplicative cohesin loading and DI-cohesion establishment in yeasts and mammals. DI-cohesion and RC-cohesion show distinct features in many aspects. DI-cohesion near or far from the break sites might undergo different regulations and execute different tasks in DDR and DSB repair. Furthermore, some open questions in this field and the significance of this new scenario to our understanding of genome stability maintenance and cohesinopathies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Hou
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yisui Xia
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Union Shenzhen Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Union Shenzhen Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiqiang Lou
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Okuno R, Inoue Y, Hasebe Y, Igarashi T, Kawagishi-Hotta M, Yamada T, Hasegawa S. Genome-wide association studies in Japanese women identified genetic loci associated with wrinkles and sagging. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1411-1420. [PMID: 35587111 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wrinkles and sagging are caused by various factors, such as ultraviolet rays; however, recent findings demonstrated that some individuals are genetically predisposed to these phenotypes of skin aging. The contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to the development of wrinkles and sagging has been demonstrated in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, these findings were mainly obtained from European and Chinese populations. Limited information is currently available on the involvement of SNPs in the development of wrinkles and sagging in a Japanese population. Therefore, we herein performed GWAS on wrinkles at the outer corners of the eyes and nasolabial folds in 1041 Japanese women. The results obtained revealed that 5 SNPs (19p13.2: rs2303098 (p = 3.39×10-8 ), rs56391955 (p = 3.39×10-8 ), rs67560822 (p = 3.50×10-8 ), rs889126 (p = 3.78×10-8 ), rs57490083 (p = 3.99×10-8 )) located within the COL5A3 gene associated with wrinkles at the outer corners of the eyes. Regarding nasolabial folds, 8q24.11 (rs4876369; p = 1.05×10-7 , rs6980503; p = 1.25×10-7 , rs61027543; p = 1.25×10-7 , rs16889363; p = 1.38×10-7 ) was suggested to be associated with RAD21 gene expression. These SNPs have not been reported in other populations, and were first found in Japanese women population. These SNPs may be used as markers to examine the genetic predisposition of individuals to wrinkles and sagging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Okuno
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yu Inoue
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hasebe
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshio Igarashi
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mika Kawagishi-Hotta
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yamada
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiji Hasegawa
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang Y, Liu Y, Liu W, Li C, Liu Y, Hu W, Song H. miR-122 Inhibits the Cervical Cancer Development by Targeting the Oncogene RAD21. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:303-314. [PMID: 34191246 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumors in female. miR-122 has been proved to be dominant in CC. The particular role of miR-122 in CC is unclear. Thus, we attempted to investigate the prognostic role of miR-122 in CC. We used the database of Kaplan-Meier curve plot. Growth and apoptosis of C33A cells were detected by CCK-8, colony formation assay, transwell assays and flow cytometry analysis. The target gene of miR-122 was identified using bioinformatics, q-PCR, western blot and luciferase assay. It showed that CC patients with overexpression of miR-122 have a better prognosis in the Kaplan-Meier plot database analysis. Overexpressed miR-122 inhibited the malignant growth and induced apoptosis of CC. miR-122 targeting of RAD21 cohesin complex component (RAD21) was identified using bioinformatics, Q-PCR, western blot and luciferase assay analyses. Moreover, we found miR-122 conduct its functions via RAD21 via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Importantly, overexpression of RAD21 restored the roles of miR-122 in CC. Our data suggested that miR-122 could block malignant growth and promoted apoptosis by targeting RAD21 in CC. Our finding indicates miR-122 could potentially participate in the pathogenesis and be a biomarker or the potential therapeutic target of CC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yang
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Wenyang Hu
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hongjuan Song
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cohesin subunit Rad21 binds to the HSV-1 genome near CTCF insulator sites during latency in vivo. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00364-21. [PMID: 33692212 PMCID: PMC8139716 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00364-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) is a human pathogen that has the ability to establish a lifelong infection in the host. During latency, HSV-1 genomes are chromatinized and are abundantly associated with histones in sensory neurons, yet the mechanisms that govern the latent-lytic transition remain unclear. We hypothesize that the latent-lytic switch is controlled by CTCF insulators, positioned within the HSV-1 latent genome. CTCF insulators, together with the cohesin complex, have the ability to establish and maintain chromtin loops that allow distance separated gene regions to be spatially oriented for transcriptional control. In this current study, we demonstrated that the cohesin subunit Rad21 was recruited to latent HSV-1 genomes near four of the CTCF insulators during latency. We showed that the CTCF insulator known as CTRS1/2, positioned downstream from the essential transactivating IE region of ICP4 was only enriched in Rad21 prior to but not during latency, suggesting that the CTRS1/2 insulator is not required for the maintenance of latency. Further, deletion of the CTRL2 insulator, positioned downstream from the LAT enhancer, resulted in a loss of Rad21 enrichment at insulators flanking the ICP4 region at early times post-infection in mice ganglia, suggesting that these insulators are interdependent. Finally, deletion of the CTRL2 insulator resulted in a loss of Rad21 enrichment at the CTRL2 insulator in a cell-type specific manner, and this loss of Rad21 enrichment was correlated to decreased LAT expression, suggesting that Rad21 recruitment to viral genomes is important for efficient gene expression.ImportanceCTCF insulators are important for transcriptional control and increasing evidence suggests that that CTCF insulators, together with the cohesin complex, regulate viral transcription in DNA viruses. The CTCF-cohesin interaction is important for the formation of chromatin loops, structures that orient distance separated elements in close spatial proximity for transcriptional control. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) has seven putative CTCF insulators that flank the LAT and the IE, indicating that CTCF insulators play a role in the transition from latency to reactivation. Contributions from the work presented here include the finding that CTCF insulators in HSV-1 genomes are differentially enriched in the cohesin subunit Rad21, suggesting that CTCF-cohesin interactions could be establishing and anchoring chromatin loop structures to control viral transcription.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu X, Cheng Y, Wu F, Sun H, Zheng W, Jiang W, Shi J, Ma S, Cao H. MFAP2 Promotes the Proliferation of Cancer Cells and Is Associated With a Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820977524. [PMID: 33280519 PMCID: PMC7724263 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820977524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: Microfibril-associated protein 2 (MFAP2) is an extracellular matrix protein
that regulates the function of microfibrils by interacting with fibrillin.
MFAP2 has been reported to play an important role in metabolic diseases and
has been shown to be significantly overexpressed in head and neck squamous
cell carcinoma and Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular
function and prognostic value of MFAP2 have never been reported in HCC or
other tumors. Methods: In the present study, expression characteristics of MFAP2 in HCC, its
influence on the development of HCC, as well as its function and potential
mechanism in HCC were verified by Quantitative reverse
transcription-polymerase chain reaction, bioinformatics data mining and in
vitro cell experiments. Results: MFAP2 was prominently high-expressed in HCC and associated with cancer
stages. HCC patients with higher MFAP2 expression displayed lower overall
survival (OS) and disease-specific survival(DSS), while there was no
significant difference in recurrence-free survival (RFS). In vitro
experiments showed that downregulation of MFAP2 inhibited proliferation,
migration level of HCC cells. Transcription factors, DNA methyltransferases,
immune factors may interact with MFAP2 mRNA to promote tumor progression in
HCC. Conclusion: These findings suggest that MFAP2 may play a key role in the development of
HCC. Therefore, MFAP2 may be a valuable prognostic marker and an effective
anticancer target in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The East District of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyao Sun
- Department of Radio-Oncology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wubin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu T, Gao Z, Yuan K, Wang Y. High expression of RAD21 predicts poor survival in patients with operated non-small-cell lung cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2020; 106:300891620910805. [PMID: 32178590 DOI: 10.1177/0300891620910805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the expression profile and prognostic value of RAD21 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS A tissue microarray (TMA) containing 60 paired NSCLC tissues and peritumor tissues was purchased and another TMA containing 140 NSCLC tissues was constructed. Then, immunohistochemical staining was performed and scored. Finally, the expression profile and prognostic value of RAD21 were evaluated. RESULTS RAD21 was predominantly detected in the nucleus of tumor and peritumor cells. RAD21 was more highly expressed in tumor tissues compared to peritumor tissues. High RAD21 expression was correlated with more lymph node metastases and advanced pathological stage, but not with any other clinicopathological features. High RAD21 expression led to worsened overall survival (OS) and was an independent prognostic factor for worsened OS in NSCLC, especially in stage II-III. CONCLUSION High RAD21 expression indicates poor survival in patients with NSCLC. RAD21 may become a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhaojia Gao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Heart and Lung Disease Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Heart and Lung Disease Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
He X, Zhang H, Tao B, Yang M, Chen H, Lu L, Yi H, Pan H, Tang S. The A/A Genotype of XPO1 rs4430924 Is Associated With Higher Risk of Antituberculosis Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Chinese Patients. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 59:1014-1021. [PMID: 30817003 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Antituberculosis (anti-TB) drug-induced hepatotoxicity may be related to the excessive reactive oxygen species induced by hepatotoxic metabolites. Antioxidant activity involves the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. The BTB domain and CNC homologue 1 (Bach1) may compete with Nrf2 for binding to transcriptional enhancers. Elimination of Bach1-mediated transcriptional repression depends on nuclear exporter exportin 1 (Xpo1). Thus, Xpo1 may indirectly affect antioxidant activity. The present study aimed to examine the role of tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms in XPO1 in Chinese anti-TB treatment patients. A 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted using 314 anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity cases and 628 controls. After correcting for weight and hepatoprotectant use, conditional logistic regression analysis showed that patients carrying the AA genotype of rs4430924 in XPO1 were at higher risk of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity than those carrying the GG genotype based on the subgroup of probable cases (adjusted OR, 1.938; 95%CI, 1.035-3.628; P = .039), and marginally significant differences were also found under the recessive model (P = .048) and the additive model (P = .047). Based on this 1:2 matched case-control study, the AA genotype of rs4430924 in XPO1 may be associated with higher risk of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity in Chinese anti-TB treatment patients. Further studies in larger and more varied populations are required to validate this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin He
- Department of Infectious Disease, The People's Hospital of Taixing, Taixing, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bilin Tao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, China
| | - Lihuan Lu
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Second People's Hospital of Changshu, Changshu, China
| | - Honggang Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqiu Pan
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Third People's Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shaowen Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu Z, Xu Q, Wang G, Rowe M, Driskell C, Xie Q, Wu M, Jia D. DNA topoisomerase IIα and RAD21 cohesin complex component are predicted as potential therapeutic targets in bladder cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:518-528. [PMID: 31289523 PMCID: PMC6539755 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is essentially a genetic disease. Accumulated gene mutations accelerate genome instability, which eventually leads to uncontrollable growth of the tumor. Bladder cancer is the most common form of urinary tract cancer. This form of cancer has a poor prognosis due to its clinical heterogeneity and molecular diversity. Despite recent scientific advances, the knowledge and treatment of bladder cancer still lags behind that of other types of solid tumor. In the present study, available large data portals and other studies were used to obtain clinically relevant information, and the data were systematically processed to decipher the genes associated with bladder cancer. Genes associated with the survival time of patients with bladder cancer were successfully identified. The genes were enriched in common biological processes and pathways, and upregulated in tumor samples from patients. Among the top genes identified as associated with good or poor survival in bladder cancer, DNA topoisomerase IIα (TOP2α) and RAD21 cohesin complex component (RAD21) were also increased in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. Therefore, TOP2α and RAD21 could be used as potential therapeutic targets in bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Yu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuping Xu
- Morphism Institute, Seattle, WA 98117, USA
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Molly Rowe
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - Cameron Driskell
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - Qian Xie
- Morphism Institute, Seattle, WA 98117, USA
| | - Minhong Wu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, P.R. China
| | - Dongyu Jia
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China.,Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xia L, Wang M, Li H, Tang X, Chen F, Cui J. The effect of aberrant expression and genetic polymorphisms of Rad21 on cervical cancer biology. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3393-3405. [PMID: 29797792 PMCID: PMC6051231 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic challenge of advanced, recurrent, and refractory cervical cancer (CC) needs to develop new molecularly targeted drugs. Rad21 is an important regulatory gene that maintains the correct dissociation of sister chromatids during cell mitosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Rad21 on CC. Rad21 expression in CC and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III was significantly increased. Women with the rs2289937 C genotype (CC+CT) of rs4570 and rs4579555 genotypes and haplotype 1 (TTTCAGGCGC) were significantly associated with CC risk, while women with low frequencies of haplotype 6 (TTTTAGGCGC) also increased the risk of CC.Rad21‐specific shRNA decreased cancerous cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and increased the proportion of cells in G2/M phase as well as sensitivity to radiation. The Rad21 influenced the expression of XPO1, CyclinB1, CDK1, P21, P27, and P53 through up‐and downregulating the Rad21 expression. The TCGA database of CC also showed that Rad21 expression was associated with poor disease survival and XPO1 expression. Moreover, the KEGG pathway indicated that Rad21 is broadly involved in the cell cycle and RNA transportation via XPO1. This suggests that Rad21 involves the development of cervical cancer possibly by participating in the regulation of cell cycle and the nuclear output of the tumor suppressor gene via XPO1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minjie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Linying, Luohe, China
| | - Hongying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pingdingshan First People's Hospital of Henan Province, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Xiangjing Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinquan Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|