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Su ZY, Siak PY, Lwin YY, Cheah SC. Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: current insights and future outlook. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:919-939. [PMID: 38430391 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is characterised by its remarkable geographical and ethnic distribution. The interplay between genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections is indicated in the development of NPC. Exposure to tobacco smoking, dietary factors, and inhalants has been associated with the risk of NPC. Genetic association studies have revealed NPC-associated susceptibility loci, including genes involved in immune responses, xenobiotic metabolism, genome maintenance, and cell cycle regulation. EBV exposure timing and strain variation might play a role in its carcinogenicity, although further investigations are required. Other factors including medical history and oral hygiene have been implicated in NPC. Prevention strategies, including primary prevention and secondary prevention through early detection, are vital in reducing mortality and morbidity of NPC. The current review discusses the global and regional distribution of NPC incidences, the risk factors associated with NPC, and the public health implications of these insights. Future investigations should consider international, large-scale prospective studies to elucidate the mechanisms underlying NPC pathogenesis and develop individualized interventions for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yi Su
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Pui Yan Siak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Yu Yu Lwin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Shiau-Chuen Cheah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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Zhang R, He Y, Wei B, Lu Y, Zhang J, Zhang N, He R, Xue H, Zhu B. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Burden and Its Attributable Risk Factors in China: Estimates and Forecasts from 1990 to 2050. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2926. [PMID: 36833622 PMCID: PMC9961544 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an uncommon and aggressive malignant head and neck cancer, which is highly prevalent in southern and southwestern provinces in China. The aim of this study was to examine the disease burden and risk factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China from 1990 to 2019 and to predict the incidence trends from 2020 to 2049. All data were extracted from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort (APC) models were chosen to analyze prevalence trends. The temporal trends and age distribution of risk factors were also analyzed descriptively. Bayesian APC models were used to predict the prevalence from 2020 to 2049. The results indicate a higher disease burden in men and older adults. Their attributable risk factors are smoking, occupational exposure to formaldehyde, and alcohol use. We predict that the incidence will be on the rise in all age groups between 2020 and 2049, with the highest incidence in people aged 70 to 89 years. In 2049, the incidence rate is expected to reach 13.39 per 100,000 (50-54 years), 16.43 (55-59 years), 17.26 (60-64 years), 18.02 (65-69 years), 18.55 (70-74 years), 18.39 (75-79 years), 19.95 (80-84 years), 23.07 (85-89 years), 13.70 (90-94 years), and 6.68 (95+ years). The findings of this study might deserve consideration in China's NPC prevention and control policy design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhao Zhang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yifei He
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bincai Wei
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yongbo Lu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jingya Zhang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Rongxin He
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Chang ET, Ye W, Ernberg I, Zeng YX, Adami HO. A novel causal model for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:1013-1018. [PMID: 35441278 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its unique geographic distribution have long been attributed to a combination of dietary intake of salt-preserved fish, inherited susceptibility, and early-life infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). New findings from our large, rigorously designed, population-based case-control study of NPC in southern China have enabled substantial revision of this causal model. Here, we briefly summarize these results and provide an updated model of the etiology of NPC. Our new research identifies two EBV genetic variants that may be causally involved in the majority of NPC in southern China, and suggests the rise of modern environmental co-factors accompanying cultural and economic transformation in NPC-endemic regions. These discoveries can be translated directly into clinical and public health advances, including improvement of indoor air quality and oral health, development of an EBV vaccine, enhanced screening strategies, and improved risk prediction. Greater understanding of the roles of environmental, genetic, and viral risk factors can reveal the extent to which these agents act independently or jointly on NPC development. The history of NPC research demonstrates how epidemiology can shed light on the interplay of genes, environment, and infections in carcinogenesis, and how this knowledge can be harnessed for cancer prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Chang
- Center for Health Sciences, Exponent Inc, 149 Commonwealth Dr, Menlo Park, CA, 94303, USA.
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - W Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y X Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - H O Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Effectiveness Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Luo SD, Tsai HT, Hwang CF, Chiu TJ, Li SH, Hsu YL, Hsiao CC, Chen CH. Aberrant miR-874-3p/leptin/EGFR/c-Myc signaling contributes to nasopharyngeal carcinoma pathogenesis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:215. [PMID: 35778755 PMCID: PMC9248092 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin is important in physiological and pathological functions in various cancers, however, the significance and mechanisms of leptin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma remain ambiguous. METHODS Leptin expression was analyzed by QPCR, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and TCGA database. The impact of gain- or loss-of-function of leptin were determined by MTT, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays in NPC cells, and by a xenograft tumor model. Leptin-modulated glucose consumption and lactate production were assessed by ELISA. Furthermore, leptin-regulated signaling pathways were examined by QPCR and Western blotting assays. The immunoprecipitation assay was conducted to determine interaction between leptin and EGFR. In addition, miR-874-3p-regulated leptin expression was evaluated using bioinformatics, QPCR, luciferase assay, AGO2-RIP assay, and Western blotting. RESULTS In this study, we found that leptin was highly expressed in the sera and tumor tissues of patients with NPC, and elevated leptin expression was associated with advanced clinical features and poor prognosis. Functional assays demonstrated that leptin remarkably promoted NPC cell growth, motility, and glycolysis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, leptin associated with EGFR, resulting in enhanced cell growth through the regulation of cell-cycle related markers, glycolysis-related genes, and EGFR/AKT/c-Myc signaling. Moreover, leptin potentiated the invasive capacity of NPC cells by promoting EMT. We further explored that miR-874-3p influenced leptin-mediated NPC progression. Overexpression of miR-874-3p prevented cell growth, motility, glucose consumption, and lactate production in NPC cells, whereas miR-874-3p inhibition had the opposite effects. AGO-RIP assays confirmed that Argonaute 2 (AGO2), a protein associated with miR-874-3p, regulated leptin expression in NPC cells. The rescue assays indicated that inhibition of leptin suppressed the effects of miR-874-3p inhibitor. In clinical specimens, miR-874-3p was negatively correlated with leptin. CONCLUSIONS Leptin may serve as a novel prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target for patients with NPC. In addition, a newly discovered regulatory axis of leptin/EGFR/AKT/c-Myc can provide a novel therapeutic strategy for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Dean Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyüan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ting Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Jan Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyüan, 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Hsuan Li
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chun Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyüan, 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Han Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
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Jin X, Hu R, Guo H, Ding C, Pi G, Tian M. Pretreatment Body Mass Index (BMI) as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Survival: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3457-3467. [PMID: 35658769 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2084557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between pretreatment body mass index (BMI) and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Case-control and cohort studies were searched from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CNKI databases. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival (OS) or distant metastasis-free survival (DMSF) were used to estimate the prognostic value. Bias in the included studies was evaluated using funnel plots. The results showed that compared with normal weight patients, the estimated HR of OS was 1.54 (95% CI: 1.25-1.90; P < 0.05) for underweight, 0.63 (95% CI: 0.48-0.83; P < 0.05) for overweight, and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.41-1.08; P = 0.102) obese patients. We also found that compared with normal-weight patients, the estimated HR of DMFS was 1.63 (95% CI: 1.38-1.92; P < 0.05) for underweight, 0.83 (95% CI: 0.61-1.13; P = 0.244) for overweight, and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.39-0.92; P < 0.05) for patients with obesity. BMI is an independent prognostic factor for NPC survival. Being underweight before treatment was associated with poorer OS and DMFS in patients with NPC. Neither overweight nor obesity before treatment has an unfavorable effect on NPC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Renchong Hu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chenchen Ding
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guoliang Pi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengxing Tian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Nan L, Guo K, Li M, Wu Q, Huo S. Development and validation of a multi-parameter nomogram for predicting prostate cancer: a retrospective analysis from Handan Central Hospital in China. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12912. [PMID: 35256916 PMCID: PMC8898009 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the possible predicting factors related to prostate cancer and develop a validated nomogram for predicting the probability of patients with prostate cancer. Method Clinical data of 697 patients who underwent prostate biopsy in Handan Central Hospital from January 2014 to January 2020 were retrospectively collected. Cases were randomized into two groups: 80% (548 cases) as the development group, and 20% (149 cases) as the validation group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent risk factors for prostate cancer. The nomogram prediction model was generated using the finalized independent risk factors. Decision curve analysis (DCA) and the area under receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) of both development group and validation group were calculated and compared to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the nomogram prediction model. Clinical utility curve (CUC) helped to decide the desired cut-off value for the prediction model. The established nomogram with Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial Derived Cancer Risk Calculator (PCPT-CRC) and other domestic prediction models using the entire study population were compared. Results The independent risk factors determined through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were: age, tPSA, fPSA, PV, DRE, TRUS and BMI. Nomogram prediction model was developed with the cut-off value of 0.31. The AUC of development group and validation group were 0.856 and 0.797 respectively. DCA exhibits consistent observations with the findings. Through validating our prediction model as well as other three domestic prediction models based on the entire study population of 697 cases, our prediction model demonstrated significantly higher predictive value than all the other models. Conclusion The nomogram for predicting prostate cancer can facilitate more accurate evaluation of the probability of having prostate cancer, and provide better ground for prostate biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Nan
- Department of Urology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Cardiac Department, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Varsinais-suomi, Finland
| | - Mingmin Li
- Out-patient Department, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Urology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Shaojun Huo
- Department of Urology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
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Downregulation of MicroRNA-1 and Its Potential Molecular Mechanism in Nasopharyngeal Cancer: An Investigation Combined with In Silico and In-House Immunohistochemistry Validation. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7962220. [PMID: 35251377 PMCID: PMC8896954 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7962220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was aimed at elucidating the molecular biological mechanisms of microRNA-1 (miR-1) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Method In this study, we performed a pooled analysis of miR-1 expression data derived from public databases, such as GEO, ArrayExpress, TCGA, and GTEx. The miRWalk 2.0 database, combined with the mRNA microarray datasets, was used to screen the target genes, and the genes were then subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis using the DAVID 6.8 database. We then used the STRING 11.0 database and Cytoscape 3.80 software to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for screening hub genes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was further used to validate the expression of hub genes. Finally, potential therapeutic agents for NPC were screened by the Connectivity Map (cMap) database. Results Pooled analysis showed that miR-1 expression was significantly decreased in NPC (SMD = −0.57; P < 0.05). The summary receiver operating characteristic curve suggested that miR-1 had a good ability to distinguish cancerous tissues from noncancerous tissues (AUC = 0.78). The results of GO analysis focused on mitotic nuclear division, DNA replication, cell division, cell adhesion, extracellular space, kinesin complex, and extracellular matrix (ECM) structural constituent. The KEGG analysis suggested that the target genes played a role in key signaling pathways, such as cell cycle, focal adhesion, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, ECM-receptor interaction, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The PPI network suggested that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) was the hub gene, and the CDK1 protein was subsequently confirmed to be significantly upregulated in NPC tissues by IHC. Finally, potential therapeutic drugs, such as masitinib, were obtained by the cMap database. Conclusion miR-1 may play a vital part in NPC tumorigenesis and progression by regulating focal adhesion kinase to participate in cell mitosis, regulating ECM degradation, and affecting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. miR-1 has the potential to be a therapeutic target for NPC.
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Zhang Z, Du J, Shi H, Wang S, Yan Y, Xu Q, Zhou S, Zhao Z, Mu Y, Qian C, Zhao AZ, Cao S, Li F. Adiponectin suppresses tumor growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through activating AMPK signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2022; 20:89. [PMID: 35164782 PMCID: PMC8843017 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted cytokine that enhances insulin sensitivity and attenuates inflammation. Although circulating adiponectin level is often inversely associated with several malignancies, its role in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the clinical association between circulating adiponectin level and NPC, and examined the impact of adiponectin, as well as the underlying mechanisms, on NPC growth both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The association between circulating adiponectin level and the risk of developing NPC was assessed in two different cohorts, including a hospital-based case-control study with 152 cases and 132 controls, and a nested case-control study with 71 cases and 142 controls within a community-based NPC screening cohort. Tumor xenograft model, cell proliferation and cycle assays were applied to confirm the effects of adiponectin on NPC growth in cultured cells and in xenograft models. We also investigated the underlying signaling mechanisms with various specific pharmacological inhibitors and biochemistry analysis. RESULTS High adiponectin levels were associated with a monotonic decreased trend of NPC risk among males in both the hospital-based case-control study and a nested case-control study. In vitro, recombinant human full-length adiponectin significantly inhibited NPC cell growth and arrested cell cycle, which were dependent on AMPK signaling pathway. The growth of xenograft of NPC tumor was sharply accelerated in the nude mice carrying genetic adiponectin deficiency. An adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRon, displayed strong anti-tumor activity in human xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated for the first time that circulating adiponectin is not only inversely associated with NPC, but also controls the development of NPC via AMPK signaling pathway. Stimulation of adiponectin function may become a novel therapeutic modality for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmeng Zhang
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, No.100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinlin Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, No.100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yunjing Yan
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, No.100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qihua Xu
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, No.100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sujin Zhou
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, No.100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhao
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, No.100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yunping Mu
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, No.100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chaonan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Allan Zijian Zhao
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, No.100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Sumei Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Fanghong Li
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, No.100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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The Role of Genetic Pathways in the Development of Chemoradiation Resistance in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) Patients. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111835. [PMID: 34828441 PMCID: PMC8619242 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains elusive despite new developments and advancement that has been made in the current management approaches. A patient’s survival and prognosis remain dismal especially for a late-stage disease. This is highly attribute to the chemoradiation resistance. Arrays of genes and molecular mechanisms underlie the development of chemoradiation resistance in NPC. Imperatively, unravelling the true pathogenesis of chemoradiation resistance is crucial as these significant proteins and genes can be modulated to produce an effective therapeutic target. It is pivotal to identify the chemoradiation resistance at the very beginning in order to combat the chemoradiation resistance efficiently. Intense research in the genetic ecosphere is critical, as the discovery and development of novel therapeutic targets can be used for screening, diagnosis, and treating the chemoradiation resistance aggressively. This will escalate the management trajectory of NPC patients. This article highlights the significance of genetic and molecular factors that play critical roles in the chemoradiation resistance and how these factors may be modified for next-generation targeted therapy products.
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Zhao TC, Liang SY, Ju WT, Liu Y, Tan YR, Zhu DW, Zhang CP, Zhang ZY, Zhong LP. Normal BMI predicts the survival benefits of inductive docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil in patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:2751-2758. [PMID: 31839432 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the body mass index (BMI), as well as the association with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) induction chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 253 patients with locally advanced OSCC between 2008 and 2010 based on our previous prospective, randomized, phase 3 trial (NCT01542931). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models, and the Kaplan-Meier method were used for survival analyses. RESULTS Among the 253 patients, the BMI at the time of clinical diagnosis ranged from 13.16 to 34.66 kg/m2. Smoking status among patients showed a marked correlation with a higher BMI status at the time of clinical diagnosis (tobacco status: P < 0.001). The distribution of clinical nodal (cN) stage was significantly different, as patients with higher BMIs generally had earlier cN stages (P < 0.021) among the different BMI groups. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the BMI was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS, P = 0.004), disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.005), locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS, P = 0.003) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS, P = 0.007). When the BMI was included in the multivariate Cox regression model adjusted for potentially confounding clinical variables, the BMI was shown to be an independent predictive factor of OS (P = 0.015), DFS (P = 0.015), LRFS (P = 0.009), and DMFS (P = 0.023). The TPF group showed better 5-year clinical survival rates than the control group when analyzing patients with a normal BMI (OS: 64.2% vs. 55.9%; DFS: 54.7% vs. 46.4%; LRFS: 56.6% vs. 49.6%; DMFS: 64.2% vs. 56.0%), but no significant difference was observed. Subgroup survival analysis indicated that patients with a normal BMI and clinical stage IVA disease who accepted TPF induction chemotherapy had a significantly improved OS (HR: 0.425, 95% CI: 0.187-0.966, P = 0.035) and DMFS (HR: 0.425, 95% CI: 0.187-0.966, P = 0.034). CONCLUSION The BMI at the time of clinical diagnosis was showed to be an independent predictive factor for patients with locally advanced OSCC. Compared with normoweight patients, underweight patients may have worse clinical outcomes, while overweight and obese patients have a better prognosis. A normal BMI in clinical stage IVA OSCC patients predicts significant OS and DMFS benefits of TPF induction chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Chao Zhao
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yuan Liang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu-Tong Ju
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ran Tan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dong-Wang Zhu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Ping Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lai-Ping Zhong
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Li L, Zhang Q, Wang X, Li Y, Xie H, Chen X. Squalene epoxidase-induced cholesteryl ester accumulation promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma development by activating PI3K/AKT signaling. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2275-2283. [PMID: 32314495 PMCID: PMC7484843 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor and a major cause of mortality and morbidity in southern China. However, the mechanism is still elusive. Here, we focused on studying the role of squalene epoxidase (SQLE), a key enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, in the progression of NPC. Clinical study revealed that SQLE expression was significantly upregulated in NPC tissues compared to normal tissues from mRNA level and patients with high expression of SQLE showed a poor prognosis. In vitro experiments showed that SQLE overexpression led to a significant proliferation of cells whereas SQLE knockdown showed an opposite result. In vivo studies also showed that SQLE promoted tumor growth in nude mice. Further study revealed that SQLE promoted NPC proliferation by cholesteryl ester accumulation instead of cholesterol. Mechanism studies indicated that cholesteryl ester promoted NPC cell proliferation by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibition of this pathway in SQLE-overexpressed or cholesteryl ester-treated cells resulted in a significant reduction of NPC cell proliferation. These results indicate that the oncogenic effect of SQLE in NPC mainly resulted from cholesteryl ester accumulation and PI3K/AKT is a promising target for NPC with SQLE overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huifen Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Chuang CY, Tang CM, Ho HY, Hsin CH, Weng CJ, Yang SF, Chen PN, Lin CW. Licochalcone A induces apoptotic cell death via JNK/p38 activation in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:853-860. [PMID: 30983163 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Licochalcone A is widely studied in different fields and possesses antiasthmatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticancer properties. Its antimalignancy activity on renal, liver, lung, and oral cancer has been explored. However, limited studies have been conducted on the inhibitory effects of licochalcone A in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. We determined cell viability using MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic cell death were measured via flow cytometry. Caspase activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase-related proteins in nasopharyngeal cancer cells in response to licochalcone A were identified by Western blot analysis. Results indicated that licochalcone A reduces cell viability and induces apoptosis, as evidenced by the upregulation of caspase-8 and caspase-9, caspase-3 activation, and cleaved-poly ADP-ribose polymerase expression. Treatment with licochalcone A significantly increases ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2 activation. Co-administration of a JNK inhibitor (JNK-IN-8) or p38 inhibitor (SB203580) abolishes the activation of caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3 protein expression during licochalcone A treatment. These findings indicate that licochalcone A exerts a cytostatic effect through apoptosis by targeting the JNK/p38 pathway in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Therefore, licochalcone A is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of human nasopharyngeal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Chuang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Tang
- Graduate Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Hsin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Weng
- Department of Living Services Industry, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Feng R, Chang ET, Liu Z, Liu Q, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Chen G, Huang Q, Xie S, Cao S, Zhang Y, Yun J, Jia W, Zheng Y, Liao J, Chen Y, Lin L, Ernberg I, Huang G, Zeng Y, Zeng Y, Adami H, Ye W. Body mass index, body shape, and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A population-based case-control study in Southern China. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1835-1844. [PMID: 30793524 PMCID: PMC6488148 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether the association between body size or shape and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk exists or varies by age-specific body size indicators is unclear. In a population-based case-control study conducted in Southern China between 2010 and 2014, self-reported height, weight, and body shape at age 20 and 10 years before interview were collected from 2448 histopathologically confirmed NPC cases and 2534 population-based controls. Body mass index (BMI) was categorized according to the World Health Organization guidelines for Asian populations: underweight (<18.5 kg/m2 ), normal weight (18.5-22.9 kg/m2 ), overweight (23.0-27.4 kg/m2 ), and obese (≥27.5 kg/m2 ). Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression. Furthermore, restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to examine nonlinear effects of BMI and body shape as continuous covariates. Underweight vs normal weight at age 20 years was associated with a 22% decreased NPC risk (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67, 0.90), whereas obesity was not significantly associated with NPC risk. Associations with BMI 10 years before the interview were similar. Having the leanest body shape at age 20 years, compared with the mode was not significantly associated with NPC risk (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.62, 1.16), but having a larger body shape was associated with an elevated risk (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03, 1.52). Increasing BMI revealed positive trends with NPC risk. Despite some indication of significant findings, evidence for a strong association between BMI or body shape and NPC risk is still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimei Feng
- Department of Cancer Prevention CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Ellen T. Chang
- Health Sciences PracticeExponent, Inc.Menlo ParkCalifornia
- Stanford Cancer InstituteStanfordCalifornia
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Cancer Prevention CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Yonglin Cai
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryWuzhou Red Cross HospitalWuzhouChina
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular MechanismWuzhouChina
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
- Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of High‐Incidence‐Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University)NanningChina
| | - Guomin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | | | - Shang‐Hang Xie
- Department of Cancer Prevention CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Su‐Mei Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Jingping Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei‐Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuming Zheng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryWuzhou Red Cross HospitalWuzhouChina
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular MechanismWuzhouChina
| | - Jian Liao
- Cangwu Institute for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Control and PreventionWuzhouChina
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Longde Lin
- Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of High‐Incidence‐Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University)NanningChina
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
- Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of High‐Incidence‐Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University)NanningChina
| | - Yi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | - Yi‐Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Beijing HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hans‐Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Cancer Prevention CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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