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Law YY, Lee HL, Lin CL, Chen PN, Wang PH, Hsieh YH, Chen CM. Asiatic acid inhibits osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion via the AKT/Sp1/MMP1 axis. Environ Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38567545 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor affecting adolescents and children. No effective treatment is currently available. Asiatic acid (AA), a triterpenoid compound found in Centella asiatica, possesses anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties in various types of tumor cells. This study aims to determine whether AA exerts antitumor effects in human osteosarcoma cells. Our results indicate that AA does not influence the viability, proliferative rate, or cell cycle phase of human osteosarcoma cells under non-toxic conditions. AA suppressed osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion by down-regulating matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) expression. Data in the TNMplot database suggested MMP1 expression was higher in osteosarcoma than in normal tissues, with associated clinical significance observed in osteosarcoma patients. Overexpression of MMP1 in osteosarcoma cells reversed the AA-induced suppression of cell migration and invasion. AA treatment decreased the expression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1), while Sp1 overexpression abolished the effect of AA on MMP1 expression and cell migration and invasion. AA inhibited AKT phosphorylation, and treatment with a PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin) increased the anti-invasive effect of AA on osteosarcoma cells via the p-AKT/Sp1/MMP1 axis. Thus, AA exhibits the potential for use as an anticancer drug against human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yat-Yin Law
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Lee
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Liang Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Han Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Min Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Leisure Industry Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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2
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Ye JC, Hsieh YS, Chen PN, Liu JY, Hsieh YH. Involvement of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator in the PKCα-p38 MAPK pathway-mediated progression of human liver cancer cells. Drug Dev Res 2023. [PMID: 37005497 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that the plasminogen activator (PA) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) proteinase systems were highly expressed in highly malignant liver cancer cells and regulated by PKCα. This study investigates whether the PKCα regulation of PA and MMPs systems is conducted through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and the pathway is responsible for promoting cell progression. We found that the expressions of p38 MAPK in both highly malignant HA22T/VGH and SK-Hep-1 liver cancer cells were higher than that in other lower malignancy liver cancer cells. Since PKCα activates p38 MAPK in progression of liver cancer, we suspected the PKCα/p38 MAPK signaling pathway to be involved in the regulation of MMPs and PA systems. When SK-Hep-1 cells were treated with SB203580 or DN-p38, only MMP-1 and u-PA mRNA expressions decreased. The p38 MAPK inhibition also decreased the cell migration and invasion. In addition, the mRNA decay assays showed that the higher expressions of MMP-1 and u-PA mRNA in SK-Hep-1 cells were due to the alteration of mRNA stability by p38 MAPK inhibition. Zymography of SK-Hep-1 cells treated with siPKCα vector also showed the decrease of the activity of MMP-1 and u-PA and confirmed changes in mRNA level. Furthermore, only the transfection of MKK6 to the siPKCα-treated SK-Hep-1 stable clone cell restored the attenuation of MMP-1 and u-PA expressions. The treatment of SK-Hep-1 cells with either inhibitor of MMP-1 or u-PA reduced migration, and the reduction was enhanced with both inhibitors. In addition, tumorigenesis was also reduced with both inhibitors. These data suggest a novel finding that MMP-1 and u-PA are critical components in PKCα/MKK6/p38 MAPK signaling pathway which mediates liver cancer cell progression, and that the targeting of both genes may be a viable approach in liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Chiuan Ye
- Department of Bachelor's Degree Program for Indigenous Peoples in Senior Health and Care Management, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
- Master Program in Biomedical Science, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuh Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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3
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Chang CK, Chu SC, Huang JY, Chen PN, Hsieh YS. Corrigendum: Terminalia catappa leaf extracts inhibited metastasis of A2058 and A375 melanoma cells via downregulating p-Src and β-catenin pathway in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1074693. [PMID: 36467084 PMCID: PMC9716622 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1074693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.963589.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Kuo Chang
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chu
- Institute and Department of Food Science Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry School of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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4
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Chen PN, Lin CW, Yang SF, Chang YC. CLEFMA Induces the Apoptosis of Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells through the Regulation of the P38/HO-1 Signalling Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225519. [PMID: 36428612 PMCID: PMC9688613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact and the underlying molecular mechanism of CLEFMA-induced cell death in human OSCC. The anti-tumour properties of CLEFMA in oral cancer were explored using colony formation, flow cytometry, human apoptosis array, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays. The in vivo anti-tumour effect of CLEFMA administered by oral gavage was evaluated using SCC-9-derived xenograft-bearing nude mouse models. CLEFMA significantly suppressed colony formation and elicited cellular apoptosis in oral cancer cells. CLEFMA treatment remarkably increased phosphorylated p38 and HO-1 along with cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase and activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 in HSC-3 and SCC-9 cells. Administration of HO-1 small interfering RNA significantly protected the cells from CLEFMA-induced caspase-3, -8, and -9 activation. Attenuation of p38 activity by the pharmacologic inhibitor SB203580 dramatically reduced CLEFMA-induced caspase-3, -8, and -9 activation and HO-1 expression in OSCC. The subcutaneous murine xenograft models showed that CLEFMA in vivo suppressed tumour growth in implanted SCC-9 cells. All of these findings indicated that CLEFMA induced apoptosis through the p38-dependent rise in HO-1 signal transduction cascades in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Chang CK, Chu SC, Huang JY, Chen PN, Hsieh YS. Terminalia catappa leaf extracts inhibited metastasis of A2058 and A375 melanoma cells via downregulating p-Src and β-catenin pathway in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:963589. [PMID: 36238547 PMCID: PMC9551286 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.963589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Melanoma is a highly aggressive, lethal, and malignant cancer. Once diagnosed early, it can be easily removed and cured with satisfaction. Although many methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy have been used to treat this disease at an advanced stage, the outcomes are poor. Terminalia catappa leaves have been shown to have various biological benefits, including antitumor activity. The specific effects and molecular mechanisms of Terminalia catappa leaf in treating A2058 and A375 melanoma cells in vitro need to be clarified.Methods: The A2058 and A375 melanoma cancer cells were treated with Terminalia catappa leaf extracts, and then the effect of Terminalia catappa leaf extracts on migration and invasion was examined. The cell migration/invasion capacities of A2058 and A375 cells were investigated by a modified Boyden chamber assay. Zymography was used to clarify the activities of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and urinary type plasminogen activator. We performed a Western blot to verify the related expression of phospho-Src (Tyr416), phospho-Focal adhesion kinase (Tyr397), Vimentin, and β-catenin.Results: Modified Boyden chamber assays demonstrated that treatment of Terminalia catappa leaf extracts significantly inhibited A2058 and A375 cell migration/invasion capacities. In the zymography results, we showed that Terminalia catappa leaf extracts negatively modulated the activities of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and urinary type plasminogen activator. Western blot indicated that Terminalia catappa leaf extracts reduced the expression of phospho-Src (Tyr416), phospho-Focal adhesion kinase (Tyr397), Vimentin, and β-catenin.Conclusion:Terminalia catappa leaf extracts affected the antimetastasis of the A2058 and A375 melanoma cell lines by inhibiting the Focal adhesion kinase/Src interaction and Wingless-int1/β-catenin pathways in vitro. Terminalia catappa leaf extracts may serve as an effective chemopreventive agent against metastasis of melanoma cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Kuo Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chu
- Institute and Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Pei-Ni Chen, ; Yih-Shou Hsieh,
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Pei-Ni Chen, ; Yih-Shou Hsieh,
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Yen YT, Park JH, Kang SH, Su T, Cheng H, Wen WC, Lin SS, Tai YL, Chen PN, Tsai SC. Clinical Benefits of Golden-Antrodia Camphorata Containing Antroquinonol in Liver Protection and Liver Fat Reduction After Alcoholic Hepatitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:757494. [PMID: 35800453 PMCID: PMC9253287 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.757494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: It has been reported that antroquinonol extracted from Golden-Antrodia camphorate exerts protective effects on liver function both in vitro and in vivo. However, the protective effects of Golden-Antrodia camphorata on liver function have not been fully investigated in human clinical studies. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of Golden-Antrodia camphorata on hepatic function after alcohol consumption in human subjects. Methods: A total of 80 participants with increased γ-glutamyl transferase levels (60–180 U/L) were enrolled in the current study and were randomly divided into two groups. Participants in the first group were orally administrated with 300 mg/day Golden-Antrodia camphorata (tablets), while those in the second group received placebo tablets for 12 weeks. Biochemical routine blood tests were performed at 6 and 12 weeks following the first administration. Results: At 12 weeks post the first Golden-Antrodia camphorata administration, the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST; p < 0.0001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; p = 0.0002) and triglyceride (p = 0.0158) were notably declined in the Golden-Antrodia camphorata treatment group compared with the placebo group. No clinically significant differences were observed between the Golden-Antrodia camphorata treatment and placebo groups in terms of general safety parameters. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference was obtained in the serum levels of AST, ALT and triglycerides between the Golden-Antrodia camphorata and placebo groups. However, no clinical significance was observed in any of the safety parameters examined. Overall, these findings indicated that treatment with Golden-Antrodia camphorata exerted protective effects on liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Yen
- Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Joo-Hyun Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kang
- Clinical Research Center of H PLUS Yangji Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Today Su
- Golden Biotechnology Corporation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Howard Cheng
- Golden Biotechnology Corporation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Che Wen
- Golden Biotechnology Corporation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Shiou Lin
- Golden Biotechnology Corporation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Tai
- Golden Biotechnology Corporation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Golden Biotechnology Corporation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Pei-Ni Chen, ; Shih-Chang Tsai,
| | - Shih-Chang Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Pei-Ni Chen, ; Shih-Chang Tsai,
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7
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Chu SC, Hsieh YS, Hsu LS, Lin CY, Lai YA, Chen PN. Cinnamaldehyde decreases the invasion and u-PA expression of osteosarcoma by down-regulating the FAK signalling pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:6574-6582. [PMID: 35678522 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00634k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of the high mortality risk of patients with osteosarcoma. Cinnamaldehyde has been shown to exhibit multiple tumour-suppressing activities, but its role in human osteosarcoma is not yet completely defined. In this study, the antimetastatic effect of cinnamaldehyde on highly metastatic human osteosarcoma cells was observed in vitro and in vivo using Saos-2 and 143B cells. Cinnamaldehyde reduced the activity and protein level of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and suppressed the invasion ability of osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. In addition, cinnamaldehyde reduced cell movement, cell-matrix adhesion, and the expression of the mesenchymal markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, namely, fibronectin and N-cadherin. Importantly, the oral administration of cinnamaldehyde remarkably suppressed the pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma in mice. Results indicated that cinnamaldehyde has therapeutic potential for inhibiting osteosarcoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Chu
- Institute and Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Yin Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-An Lai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lin CY, Hsieh YS, Chu SC, Hsu LS, Huang SC, Chen PN. Reduction of invasion and cell stemness and induction of apoptotic cell death by Cinnamomum cassia extracts on human osteosarcoma cells. Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:1261-1274. [PMID: 35146896 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum cassia possesses antioxidative activity and induces the apoptotic properties of various cancer types. However, its effect on osteosarcoma invasion and cancer stemness remains ambiguous. Here, we examined the molecular evidence of the anti-invasive effects of ethanoic C. cassia extracts (CCE). Invasion and migration were obviously suppressed after the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and matrix metalloprotein 2 in human osteosarcoma 143B cells were downregulated. CCE reversed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by transforming growth factor β1 and downregulated mesenchymal markers, such as snail-1 and RhoA. CCE suppressed self-renewal property and the expression of stemness genes (aldehyde dehydrogenase, Nanog, and CD44) in the 143B cells. CCE suppressed cell viability, reduced the colony formation of osteosarcoma cancer cells, and induced apoptotic cell death in the 143B cells, as indicated by caspase-9 activation. The xenograft tumor model of immunodeficient BALB/c nude mice showed that CCE administered in vivo through oral gavage inhibited the growth of implanted 143B cells. These findings indicated that CCE inhibited the invasion, migration, and cancer stemness of the 143B cells. CCE reduced proliferation of 143B cell possibly because of the activation of caspase-9 and the consequent apoptosis, suggesting that CCE is a potential anticancer supplement for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yin Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chu
- Institute and Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chien Huang
- Department of Health Industry Technology Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ying TH, Lin CL, Chen PN, Wu PJ, Liu CJ, Hsieh YH. Angelol-A exerts anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects on human cervical carcinoma cells by modulating the phosphorylated-ERK/miR-29a-3p that targets the MMP2/VEGFA axis. Life Sci 2022; 296:120317. [PMID: 35026214 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Angelol-A (Ang-A), a kind of coumarins, is isolated from the roots of Angelica pubescens f. biserrata. However, AA exerts antitumor effects and molecular mechanism on cervical cancer cells is unknown. MAIN METHODS Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay, and the cell cycle phase was assessed by PI staining with flow cytometry. Ang-A-treated cells with/without Antago-miR-29a-3p (miR-29a-3p inhibitor) or U0126 (MEK inhibitor) were assessed for the expression of miR-29a-3p, in vitro migration/invasion, and angiogenesis using qRT-PCR, a chemotaxis assay, and tube formation assay, respectively. The expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases/MMP2/MMP9/VEGFA was determined by western blot analysis with applicable antibodies. KEY FINDINGS Ang-A significantly inhibited MMP2 and VEGFA expression, cell migration, and invasive motility in human cervical cancer cells. Conditioned medium inhibited tube formation in HUVECs. Ang-A principally inhibited invasive motility and angiogenesis by upregulating the expression of miR-29a-3p that targets the VEGFA-3' UTR. The role of miR-29a-3p was confirmed using Antago-miR-29a-3p, which reversed the Ang-A-inhibited expression of MMP2 and VEGFA, invasive motility, and angiogenesis in human cervical cancer cells. The ERK pathway was implicated in mediating the metastatic and angiogenic action of Ang-A. Combined treatment with Ang-A treated and U0126 exerted a synergistic inhibitory effect on the expression of MMP2 and VEGFA and the metastatic and angiogenic properties of human cervical cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE These findings are the first to indicate that in human cervical cancer cells, Ang-A exerts anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects via targeting the miR-29a-3p/MMP2/VEGFA axis, mediated through the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ho Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Regenetative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Chang CK, Hsieh YS, Chen PN, Chu SC, Huang JY, Wang YH, Wei JCC. A Cohort Study: Comorbidity and Stage Affected the Prognosis of Melanoma Patients in Taiwan. Front Oncol 2022; 12:846760. [PMID: 35311079 PMCID: PMC8927660 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.846760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Comorbidities and stages may influence the prognosis of melanoma patients in Taiwan and need to be determined. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study by using the national health insurance research database in Taiwan. Patients with a primary diagnosis of melanoma by the Taiwan Cancer Registry from 2009 to 2017 were recruited as the study population. The comparison group was never diagnosed with melanoma from 2000 to 2018. The Charlson comorbidity index was conducted to calculate the subjects’ disease severity. The Cox proportional hazards model analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratio of death. Results We selected 476 patients, 55.5% of whom had comorbidity. A higher prevalence of comorbidity was associated with a more advanced cancer stage. The mortality rate increased with an increasing level of comorbidity in both cohorts and was higher among melanoma patients. The interaction between melanoma and comorbidity resulted in an increased mortality rate. Conclusion An association between poorer survival and comorbidity was verified in this study. We found that the level of comorbidity was strongly associated with mortality. A higher risk of mortality was found in patients who had localized tumors, regional metastases, or distant metastases with more comorbidity scores. Advanced stage of melanoma patients with more comorbidities was significantly associated with the higher risk of mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Kuo Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chu
- Institute and Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Center for Health Data Science, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hsiao YH, Chen PN, Hsin MC, Wang PH, Huang JY, Yang SF. The risk of distant metastases in patients with gynecologic cancers after surgery: a population-based study. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25846-25858. [PMID: 34914632 PMCID: PMC8751588 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the risk of distant metastases in patients with gynecologic cancers after surgery, including cervical, uterine and ovarian cancers. This is a retrospective study evaluating gynecologic cancer from 2009 to 2014 using population-based administrative datasets from the Health and Welfare Data Science Center (HWDC) and from The National Health Informatics Project (NHIP). A total of 1,464 gynecologic cancer patients, including 321 cervical cancer patients, 724 uterine cancer patients and 419 ovarian cancer patients, were analyzed retrospectively from 2009 to 2014. Among the cervical cancer patients, 173 (53.89%) received surgery only and 148 (46.11%) received surgery with radiotherapy /chemotherapy. Among the uterus cancer patients, 425(58.70%) received surgery only and 299 (41.3%) received surgery with radiotherapy /chemotherapy. Among the ovarian cancer patients, 81 (19.33%) received surgery only and 338 (80.67%) received surgery with radiotherapy/chemotherapy. Among patients with brain, liver or lung metastasis, cervical cancer patients have more cumulative metastasis-free survival than those ovarian cancer (p=0.0041). In analyzing liver metastasis based on primary cancer sites, cervical cancer patients and uterine cancer cases have more cumulative metastasis- free survival than those ovarian cancer (p<0.0001). In conclusion, ovarian cancer patients have higher risk of liver metastasis than cervical or uterine cancer. There were significantly different of pathological stage for cumulative metastasis-free survival among gynecologic cancer patients with brain or liver or lung metastasis. Pathological T stage remains the main predictive for distant metastasis of gynecologic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Hsiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Women’s Health Research Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Wang K, Chen PN, Chien HW, Hsieh YH, Lee CY, Yu NY, Yang SF. Demethoxycurcumin inhibits the cell migration and MMP-2 expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells by targeting the STAT-3 pathway. Exp Eye Res 2021; 213:108843. [PMID: 34793827 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) involves retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell proliferation and migration and leads to tractional retinal detachment. Demethoxycurcumin (DMC), a curcuminoid, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour properties. However, whether DMC affects the migration of RPE cells and the molecular mechanism of human PVR remains unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of DMC on the inhibition of migration and proteinase expression of human ARPE-19 cells. Herein, we provided molecular evidence associated with PVR prevention through DMC by inhibiting ARPE-19 cell migration. We performed gelatin zymography, Western blot and RT-PCR and respectively found that DMC is sufficient to reduce matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, protein level and mRNA expression. DMC suppressed the nuclear levels of transcriptional factors specificity protein 1 and c-Fos, which are involved in the modulation of the transcriptional activation of the MMP-2 gene. DMC also inhibited STAT-3 phosphorylation in ARPE-19 cells. Selective STAT-3 induction by a STAT-3 activator, colivelin, reverted MMP activity and protein expression and cell migration, which were reduced in response to DMC. The results proved the inhibitory effect of DMC on RPE cell migration and MMP-2 expression by the down-regulation of the STAT-3 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Departments of Ophthalmology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wen Chien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Departments of Ophthalmology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Nuo-Yi Yu
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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13
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Tsai MF, Chen SM, Ong AZ, Chung YH, Chen PN, Hsieh YH, Kang YT, Hsu LS. Shikonin Induced Program Cell Death through Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Renal Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111831. [PMID: 34829701 PMCID: PMC8615048 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin mitigated tumor cell proliferation by elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Herein, we investigated the effects of shikonin on renal cancer cell (RCC) cell proliferation. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay indicated that shikonin dose-dependently reduced the proliferation of Caki-1 and ACHN cells. Shikonin remarkably triggered necrosis and apoptosis in Caki-1 and ACHN cells in proportion to its concentration. Moreover, necrostatin-1 recovered cell viability in the presence of shikonin. Elevated ROS levels and mitochondrial dysfunction were also found in shikonin treatment groups. Pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine remarkably mitigated shikonin-induced cell death and ROS generation. Western blot analysis revealed that shikonin reduced pro-PARP, pro-caspase-3, and Bcl-2 expression and increased cleavage PARP expression. Enhanced autophagy was also found in the shikonin-treated group as evidenced by acridine orange staining. Moreover, light chain 3B (LC3B)-II accumulation and enhanced p62 expression indicated that autophagy occurred in the shikonin-treated group. LC3B knockdown considerably recovered cell viability in the presence of shikonin. Shikonin treatment elevated p38 activity in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results revealed that shikonin triggered programmed cell death via the elevation of ROS level and p38 activity in different types of RCC cells. These findings suggested that shikonin may be a potential anti-RCC agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng Tsai
- Department of Nephrology, Antai Medical Care Cooperation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Ming Chen
- Bachelor Program in Health Care and Social Work for Indigenous Students, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan;
| | - Ann-Zhi Ong
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (A.-Z.O.); (Y.-H.C.); (P.-N.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-T.K.)
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (A.-Z.O.); (Y.-H.C.); (P.-N.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-T.K.)
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (A.-Z.O.); (Y.-H.C.); (P.-N.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-T.K.)
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (A.-Z.O.); (Y.-H.C.); (P.-N.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-T.K.)
| | - Yu-Ting Kang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (A.-Z.O.); (Y.-H.C.); (P.-N.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-T.K.)
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (A.-Z.O.); (Y.-H.C.); (P.-N.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-T.K.)
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Ju PC, Ho YC, Chen PN, Lee HL, Lai SY, Yang SF, Yeh CB. Kaempferol inhibits the cell migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by suppressing MMP-9 and Akt signaling. Environ Toxicol 2021; 36:1981-1989. [PMID: 34156145 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the most prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths and treatment failure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Kaempferol is a natural flavonol belonging to the subgroup of flavonoids and exhibits potent anticancer activities. This study provides molecular evidence on the anti-invasive and anti-migratory effects of kaempferol on human HCC cells. The anti-invasive effect was investigated by applying kaempferol on two human HCC cell lines (Huh-7 and SK-Hep-1). Kaempferol reduced the invasion and migration of Huh-7 and SK-Hep-1 cells by Boyden chamber invasion assay and wound healing assay, respectively. A protease array analysis showed that Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was dramatically downregulated in HCC cells after kaempferol treatment. Gelatin zymography and Western blot assay showed that kaempferol reduced the activities and protein expression of MMP-9, respectively. Kaempferol also sufficiently suppressed the phosphorylation of the Akt expression. Overall, kaempferol inhibited the invasive properties of human HCC cells by targeting MMP-9 and Akt pathways. Hence, kaempferol could be used as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for the treatment of human HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chung Ju
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chuan Ho
- School of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Lee
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Lai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Bin Yeh
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Wu SB, Volodicheva E, Vinogradova O, Su T, Cheng H, Chen PN, Lin SS. The potential treatment of antroquinonol in adult patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e19001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e19001 Background: The prognosis of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) remains poor and the management is challenging. Despite the increasing availability of targeted agents, the lower responses still represent a major obstacle to overcome. Antroquinonol is an isoprenyltransferase inhibitor with antitumor activity in vitro and xenograft models of AML. Our aim is to evaluate hematopoietic recovery with Antroquinonol in this phase IIa study. Here, the results from our phase IIa trial demonstrate the safety, tolerability, and activity of Antroquinonol in patients with relapsed AML. Methods: GHAML-2-001 is a phase IIa, open-label study in adult patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia or at initial diagnosis when no intensive treatment is possible. Antroquinonol 200 mg BID was administered in a 28-day cycle (up to six cycles). The primary endpoint is hematologic response rate. Secondary endpoints consist of 4-week survival, 24-week survival, duration of hematologic response and transfusion independence, and the response rates. Therapy was continued for as long as tolerated and there was continuing evidence of therapeutic benefit in the opinion of the investigator. Treatment response was assessed by the International Working Group (IWG) response criteria after each cycle. Results: Twelve eligible patients had a median age of 62.5 years (range, 42-69; 6 males, 6 females) and the whole process was conducted between March 2019 and February 2020. Of the two patients who did not complete the therapy period were due to the patient's decision to withdraw: One patient withdrew on day 7 and the other one withdrew on day 49. Among other ten patients who finished all six cycles (168 days), Antroquinonol showed excellent safety and favorable tolerability. At the end of the treatment, the rate of complete remission (CR/CRi) after 6-completed cycles was 50% (5/10) and the 24-week survival rate was 100%. Transfusion independence was achieved in 8 (80%) of 10 transfusion independence evaluable patients at the end of the 6th cycle treatment. Conclusions: In high-risk relapsed AML patients, orally administered Antroquinonol induced CRs and was well tolerated. This significant result suggests the potential of Antroquinonol for the therapy of this underserved population. Clinical trial information: NCT03823352. Clinical trial information: NCT03823352.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Bao Wu
- Taiwan Society of Otorhinolaryngoligy Head and Neck Surgery, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Elena Volodicheva
- State Healthcare Institution of Tula Region " Tula Regional Clinical Hospital", Tula, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Vinogradova
- City Clinical Hospital n.a. S.P.Botkin, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Today Su
- Golden Biotechnology Corporation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Howard Cheng
- Golden Biotechnology Corp., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Golden Biotechnology Corporation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Shiou Lin
- Golden Biotechnology Corporation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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16
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Lin YH, Tsai SC, Chuang SJ, Harris MB, Masodsai K, Chen PN, Hsieh CC, Killian T, Huang CY, Kuo CH. Whole-life body composition trajectory and longevity: role of insulin. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9719-9731. [PMID: 33744845 PMCID: PMC8064149 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the body composition trajectory of rats (N = 96) placed into 5 groups according to lifespan, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry every 6 months until end-of-life. A striking linearity between lifespan and bone mass percentage (not absolute bone mass) was observed. Long-lived rats show a higher bone mass percentage with a delayed insulin rise to a similar peak level as short-lived counterparts, followed by insulin declines and bone mass loss. Decreasing insulin after streptozotocin (STZ) injection caused a rapid bone mass loss (-10.5%) with a decreased 5-day survival rate to 35% in old rats (20 months). Insulin replacement to STZ-injected rats completely blocked bone mass loss and increased the survival rate to 71%. Normal old rats (20 months) had faster lean mass loss despite greater myofiber regeneration (centronucleation) compared with the young rats (4 months). Increased CD68+ and CD163+ cell infiltration into insulin-depleted muscle suggests a bone marrow cell exhaustion by aging muscle. Bone produces stem cells and phagocytes to continuously rejuvenate peripheral tissues. Our data suggests that aging and unsustainable life is associated with development of disproportionality between bone and the growing body size, partly due to insulin reversal from hyperinsulinemia during late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Chwen Tsai
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ju Chuang
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
- De Duve Insitute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Woluwe-Saint-Lambert B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M. Brennan Harris
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
| | - Kunanya Masodsai
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chieh Hsieh
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Theodore Killian
- De Duve Insitute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Woluwe-Saint-Lambert B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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17
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Hsieh YS, Chu SC, Huang SC, Kao SH, Lin MS, Chen PN. Gossypol Reduces Metastasis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Targeting Protease in Human Cervical Cancer. Am J Chin Med 2020; 49:181-198. [PMID: 33371817 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the most prevalent cause of cancer-associated deaths amongst patients with cervical cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for carcinogenesis, and it confers metastatic properties to cancer cells. Gossypol is a natural polyphenolic compound with anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, and anticancer activities. In this study, we investigated the antimetastatic and antitumour effects of gossypol on human cervical cancer cells (HeLa and SiHa cells). Gossypol exerted a strong inhibition effect on the migration and invasion of human cervical cancer cells. It reduced the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway-mediated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator, subsequently inhibiting the invasion of SiHa cells. In addition, gossypol reversed EMT induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-[Formula: see text]1) and up-regulated epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin but significantly suppressed Ras homolog family member (Rho)A, RhoB, and p-Samd3. The tail vein injection model showed that gossypol treatment via oral gavage reduced lung metastasis. Gossypol also decreased tumour growth in vivo in the nude mouse xenograft model. All these findings suggest that gossypol suppressed the invasion and migration of human cervical cancer cells by targeting the FAK signaling pathway and reversing TGF-[Formula: see text]1-induced EMT. Hence, gossypol warrants further attention for basic mechanistic studies and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Clinical Laboratory Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Chen Chu
- Institute and Department of Food Science Central Taiwan, University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Chien Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shao-Hsuan Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Shuan Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Clinical Laboratory Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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18
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Ho HY, Lin FCF, Chen PN, Chen MK, Hsin CH, Yang SF, Lin CW. Tricetin Suppresses Migration and Presenilin-1 Expression of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma through Akt/GSK-3β Pathway. Am J Chin Med 2020; 48:1203-1220. [PMID: 32668971 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node migration results in poor prognoses for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Tricetin, a flavonoid derivative, regulates tumorigenesis activity through its antiproliferative and antimetastatic properties. However, the molecular mechanism of tricetin affecting the migration and invasion of NPC cells remains poorly understood. In this paper, we examined the antimetastatic properties of tricetin in human NPC cells. Our results demonstrated that tricetin at noncytotoxic concentrations (0-80 3M) noticeably reduced the migration and invasion of NPC cells (HONE-1, NPC-39, and NPC-BM). Moreover, tricetin suppressed the indicative protease, presenilin-1 (PS-1), as indicated by protease array. PS-1 was transcriptionally inhibited via the Akt signaling pathway but not mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, such as the JNK, p38, and ERK1/2 pathways. In addition to upregulating GSK-3[Formula: see text] phosphorylation through Akt suppression, tricetin may downregulate the activity of PS-1. Overall, our study provides new insight into the role of tricetin-induced molecular regulation in the suppression of NPC metastasis and suggests that tricetin has prospective therapeutic applications for patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Frank Cheau-Feng Lin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Hsin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hsieh PL, Liao YW, Hsieh CW, Chen PN, Yu CC. Soy Isoflavone Genistein Impedes Cancer Stemness and Mesenchymal Transition in Head and Neck Cancer through Activating miR-34a/RTCB Axis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071924. [PMID: 32610494 PMCID: PMC7400540 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein, a soy-derived phytoestrogen, has been shown to exhibit anti-neoplastic activities in various cancers. Nevertheless, its effects on the elimination of tumor-initiating cells of head and neck cancer (HNC-TICs) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect of genistein on HNC-TICs and potential mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that genistein lowered the proliferation of HNC-TICs by examining the percentage of ALDH1+ or CD44+ cells. Aside from the downregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HNC-TICs, genistein restricted their tumor propagating capacities in a dose-dependent fashion. Moreover, genistein potentiated cell death caused by three commonly used chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin, cisplatin, and 5-FU). Our findings proved that genistein induced ROS production through upregulation of miR-34a, leading to apoptosis in HNC-TICs. The genistein-elicited miR-34a reduced self-renewal, migration, invasion capacities and ALDH1 activity, which may be partly owing to the repression of EMT. Furthermore, we showed that RTCB was a novel target that was negatively regulated by miR-34a and involved in the tumor repressive effect of genistein. Besides, the in vivo study validated that genistein retarded tumor growth through the elevation of miR-34a and suppression of RTCB. These results suggested that genistein-induced miR-34a contributed to the ROS-associated apoptosis and diminished stemness properties via repression of RTCB in HNC-TICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2471-8668
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Chen YC, Chen PN, Lin CW, Yang WE, Ho YT, Yang SF, Chuang CY. Cantharidic acid induces apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through p38-mediated upregulation of caspase activation. Environ Toxicol 2020; 35:619-627. [PMID: 31916385 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidic acid (CA) is the hydrolysis product of the acid anhydride cantharidin, which is a natural toxin secreted by several species of blister beetles. Several studies have indicated that as an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A), CA induces apoptosis in various human cancer cells. However, the effect of CA on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and the underlying pathways have not been addressed. In our current study, we tested the hypothesis that CA treatment reduces the viability of human NPC cells (HONE-1, NPC-39, and NPC-BM) by inducing apoptosis. Results indicated that CA markedly reduced cell viability, which was revealed by the upregulation of caspase activation in extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways as well as the upregulation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) pathways. Coadministration of a p38 inhibitor (SB203580) with CA abolished the activation of caspase proteins. These findings indicated that CA treatment leads to apoptosis in human NPC cells through the upregulation of caspase activation, mediated particularly by the p38 pathway. Hence, CA is a promising therapeutic agent for human NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-En Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Chuang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Huang SF, Chu SC, Hsu LS, Tu YC, Chen PN, Hsieh YS. Antimetastatic effects of gossypol on colon cancer cells by targeting the u-PA and FAK pathways. Food Funct 2020; 10:8172-8181. [PMID: 31730141 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01306g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the most prevalent cause of treatment failure in patients with colon cancer. Gossypol is reported to exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, antivirus and antimicrobial properties. However, the effects of gossypol on cancer invasion and tumour growth of human colon cancer remain unclear. This study aimed to provide molecular evidence associated with the antimetastatic and anti-tumour effects of gossypol on human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. Gossypol inhibited the viability of human colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Gossypol was sufficient to reduce the invasion, migration and adhesion in DLD-1 and COLO 205 cells. Zymography and western blot assay showed that gossypol reduced the activities and protein expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), respectively. Gossypol suppressed the level of p-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers, including N-cadherin, fibronectin and vimentin. Gossypol also inhibited the lung metastasis of DLD-1 cells, as indicated by the nude mouse model. These results suggested that gossypol inhibited the metastatic properties of human colon cancer cells by targeting u-PA through the FAK pathway, suggesting that gossypol could be used as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for the treatment of human colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- She-Fang Huang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chu YH, Su CW, Hsieh YS, Chen PN, Lin CW, Yang SF. Carbonic Anhydrase III Promotes Cell Migration and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030704. [PMID: 32183030 PMCID: PMC7140601 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is strongly correlated with tumor metastasis and contains several protein markers, such as E-cadherin. Carbonic anhydrase III (CA III) exhibits low carbon dioxide hydratase activity in cancer. However, the detailed mechanisms of CA III and their roles in oral cancer are still unknown. This study established a CA III-overexpressed stable clone and observed the expression of CA III protein in human SCC-9 and SAS oral cancer cell lines. The migration and invasion abilities were determined using a Boyden chamber assay. Our results showed that the overexpression of CA III protein significantly increased the migration and invasion abilities in oral cancer cells. Moreover, a whole genome array analysis revealed that CA III regulated epithelial–mesenchymal transition by reducing the expression of epithelial markers. Data from the GEO database also demonstrated that CA III mRNA is negatively correlated with CDH1 mRNA. Mechanistically, CA III increased the cell motility of oral cancer cells through the FAK/Src signaling pathway. In conclusion, this suggests that CA III promotes EMT and cell migration and is potentially related to the FAK/Src signaling pathway in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hung Chu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Wen Su
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (P.-N.C.)
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (P.-N.C.)
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-424-739-595-342-53
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23
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Chen YT, Hsieh MJ, Chen PN, Weng CJ, Yang SF, Lin CW. Erianin Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Am J Chin Med 2020; 48:183-200. [PMID: 31903779 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2050010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It has a very poor prognosis with over a 5-year survival rate of only 50%. Thus, it is important to identify effective therapeutic interventions against oral cancer. Apoptosis and autophagy have reported genetically regulated in physiology and diseases, which close relationship. Many natural compound study objects anticancer effect have been studied between apoptosis and autophagy relationship. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of erianin on human oral cancer cell proliferation. Results of the study revealed that treatment with erianin significantly reduced the viability of different OSCC cell lines. Erianin exerted its cytotoxic effect by inducing cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways. Both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways were found to be involved in erianin-mediated cell death. In addition, treatment with erianin also increased autophagy in OSCC cells. With further analysis, it was found that erianin induced both apoptosis and autophagy by regulating MAPK signaling pathways. Taken together, our study indicates that erianin plays an important role in reducing oral cancer cell viability, and thus, can be considered as a potential anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tzu Chen
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Holistic Wellness, MingDao University, Changhua, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Weng
- Department of Living Services Industry, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hsu LS, Kao TH, Chang YM, Lin MC, Hong LZ, Chen PN, Tsai YH, Hseu YC, Chen KM. Naringenin reduced migration in osteosarcoma cells through downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and snail. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_31_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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25
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Yang SF, Chen YS, Chien HW, Wang K, Lin CL, Chiou HL, Lee CY, Chen PN, Hsieh YH. Melatonin attenuates epidermal growth factor-induced cathepsin S expression in ARPE-19 cells: Implications for proliferative vitreoretinopathy. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12615. [PMID: 31605630 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and motility of retinal pigment epithelial cells leads to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Melatonin is a known effective antitumour and anti-invasive agent, but whether it affects the formation and underlying mechanisms of PVR remains unclear. In this study, the results of the MTT assay, colony formation and propidium iodide (PI) staining with flow cytometry revealed that melatonin dose dependently inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced proliferation of human ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, melatonin reduced EGF-induced motility by suppressing cathepsin S (CTSS) expression. Pretreatment with ZFL (a CTSS inhibitor) or overexpression of CTSS (pCMV-CTSS) significantly inhibited EGF-induced cell motility when combined with melatonin. Epidermal growth factor induced the phosphorylation of AKT(S473)/mTOR (S2448) and transcription factor (c-Jun/Sp1) signaling pathways. Pretreatment of LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) or rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) markedly reduced EGF-induced motility and p-AKT/p-mTOR/c-Jun/Sp1 expression when combined with melatonin. Taken together, these data indicate that melatonin inhibited EGF-induced proliferation and motility of human ARPE-19 cells by activating the AKT/mTOR pathway, which is dependent on CTSS modulation of c-Jun/Sp1 signalling. Melatonin may be a promising therapeutic drug against PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Syuan Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wen Chien
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liou YF, Chen PN, Chu SC, Kao SH, Chang YZ, Hsieh YS, Chang HR. Thymoquinone suppresses the proliferation of renal cell carcinoma cells via reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis and reduces cell stemness. Environ Toxicol 2019; 34:1208-1220. [PMID: 31298468 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone is a phytochemical compound isolated from Nigella sativa and has various biological effects, including anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and anticancer. Here, we further investigated the anticancer effects and associated molecular mechanism of 2-methyl-5-isopropyl-1,4-benzoquinone (thymoquinone) on human renal carcinoma cell lines 786-O and 786-O-SI3 and transitional carcinoma cell line BFTC-909. Results showed that thymoquinone significantly reduced cell viability, inhibited the colony formation of renal cancer cells, and induced cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential change in both cancer cells. In addition, thymoquinone also triggered the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide and the activation of apoptotic and autophagic cascade. ROS inhibition suppressed the caspase-3 activation and restored the decreased cell viability of 786-O-SI3 in response to thymoquinone. Autophagy inhibition did not restore the cell viability of 786-O-SI3 suppressed by thymoquinone. Moreover, thymoquinone suppressed the cell sphere formation and the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase, Nanog, Nestin, CD44, and Oct-4 in 786-O-SI3 cells. The tumor-bearing model showed that thymoquinone in vivo inhibited the growth of implanted 786-O-SI3 cell. All these findings indicate that thymoquinone inhibits the proliferation of 786-O-SI3 and BFTC-909 cell possibly due to the induction of ROS/superoxide and the consequent apoptosis, suggesting that thymoquinone may be a potential anticancer supplement for genitourinary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Farng Liou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Feng Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chu
- Institute and Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Sciences and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsuan Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Zin Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Rong Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chu SC, Chen PN, Yu CH, Hsieh YS, Kuo DY. Double immunofluorescent evidence that oxidative stress-associated activation of JNK/AP-1 signaling participates in neuropeptide-mediated appetite control. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1235-1249. [PMID: 31519469 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.08.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMPH), an appetite suppressant, alters expression levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in the hypothalamus. This study explored the potential role of cJun-N-terminal kinases (JNK) in appetite control, mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) in AMPH-treated rats. Rats were given AMPH daily for 4 days. Changes in feeding behavior and expression levels of hypothalamic NPY, CART, cFos, cJun, phosphorylated JNK (pJNK), as well as those of anti-oxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), were examined and compared. Following AMPH treatment, food intake and NPY expression decreased, whereas the other proteins expression and AP-1/DNA binding activity increased. Both cerebral cJun inhibition and ROS inhibition attenuated AMPH anorexia and modified detected protein, revealing a crucial role for AP-1 and ROS in regulating AMPH-induced appetite control. Moreover, both pJNK/CART and SOD/CART activities detected by double immunofluorescent staining increased in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in AMPH-treated rats. The results suggested that pJNK/AP-1 signaling and endogenous anti-oxidants participated in regulating NPY/CART-mediated appetite control in rats treated with AMPH. These findings advance understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the role of pJNK/AP-1 and oxidative stress in NPY/CART-mediated appetite suppression in AMPH-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Chu
- Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City 406, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Han Yu
- Department of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dong-Yih Kuo
- Department of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Yang WE, Ho YC, Tang CM, Hsieh YS, Chen PN, Lai CT, Yang SF, Lin CW. Duchesnea indica extract attenuates oral cancer cells metastatic potential through the inhibition of the matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity by down-regulating the MEK/ERK pathway. Phytomedicine 2019; 63:152960. [PMID: 31280137 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke, an herb in folk medicine used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine, has cytostatic properties as well as antioxidant and antimetastasis activities in various cancer cells. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of Duchesnea indica extracts (DIEs) on human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) metastases remain unclear. PURPOSE In this study, we posit the hypothesis that DIE possesses antimetastatic effects on human OSCC cells. METHODS The effects of DIE on cell viability, motility, migration, and invasion were investigated. Gelatin zymography, Western blotting, migration and invasion assays were used to further study the underlying mechanisms involved in the antimetastatic effects of DIE in OSCC cells. RESULTS The results from MTT assay revealed that DIE did not affect the cell viability of OSCC cells. Moreover, DIE significantly attenuated OSCC cells' motility, migration, and invasion by reducing the MMP-2 protein expression and MMP-2 activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, DIE reduced the phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and its upstream kinase but had no effect on the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. CONCLUSION DIE triggers the antimetastatic activity in OSCC cells by suppressing the MMP-2 activity via the MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Therefore, these findings are promising for the use of DIE antimetastatic activity in oral cancer metastasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-En Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chuan Ho
- School of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Tang
- Graduate Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ting Lai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Hsiao YH, Hsieh MJ, Yang SF, Chen SP, Tsai WC, Chen PN. Phloretin suppresses metastasis by targeting protease and inhibits cancer stemness and angiogenesis in human cervical cancer cells. Phytomedicine 2019; 62:152964. [PMID: 31153059 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phloretin, a dihydrochalcone flavonoid, possesses anti-inflammatory activity and inhibits the growth of various cancers. However, the flavonoid's effect on cervical cancer metastasis and angiogenesis remains unknown. PURPOSE In this study, we provide molecular evidence associated with the antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects of phloretin. METHODS In this study, the anti-invasive effect of phloretin (0-60 μM) in cervical cancer cells was evaluated using the Matrigel invasion assay, gelatin zymography, cell-matrix adhesion assay, wound healing assay, and Western blotting. Antiangiogenic potential of phloretin (0-100 μM) was assessed by the Matrigel tube formation assay. The in vivo antitumor effect of phloretin (10 or 20 mg/kg) was fed by oral gavage and determined using subcutaneous inoculation and tail vein injection in immunodeficient nude mice. RESULTS Phloretin (60 μM) showed marked suppression of invasion and migration through downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-3, and cathepsin S in human SiHa cervical cancer cells. Phloretin (60 μM) reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by transforming growth factor-β1 and downregulated mesenchymal markers, such as fibronectin, vimentin, and RhoA. Phloretin (100 μM) treatment significantly inhibited the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 activity of SiHa cells, reduced the self-renewal properties and stemness signatures of CD44 and Sox-2 in sphere-forming cervical cancer-derived tumor-initiating cells, and inhibited the invasion, MMP-2 activity, and tube formation capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The ability of phloretin (20 mg/kg) to suppress lung metastasis and tumor growth in SiHa cells was evidenced by tail vein injection and subcutaneous inoculation in a tumor xenograft model. CONCLUSION In summary, the findings indicate that phloretin inhibits the metastatic and angiogenic abilities and cancer stemness of SiHa cells, thereby suggesting that this flavonoid is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of human cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Hsiao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Women's Health Research Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Pin Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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30
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Chuang CY, Tang CM, Ho HY, Hsin CH, Weng CJ, Yang SF, Chen PN, Lin CW. Licochalcone A induces apoptotic cell death via JNK/p38 activation in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Environ Toxicol 2019; 34:853-860. [PMID: 30983163 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Licochalcone A is widely studied in different fields and possesses antiasthmatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticancer properties. Its antimalignancy activity on renal, liver, lung, and oral cancer has been explored. However, limited studies have been conducted on the inhibitory effects of licochalcone A in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. We determined cell viability using MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic cell death were measured via flow cytometry. Caspase activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase-related proteins in nasopharyngeal cancer cells in response to licochalcone A were identified by Western blot analysis. Results indicated that licochalcone A reduces cell viability and induces apoptosis, as evidenced by the upregulation of caspase-8 and caspase-9, caspase-3 activation, and cleaved-poly ADP-ribose polymerase expression. Treatment with licochalcone A significantly increases ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2 activation. Co-administration of a JNK inhibitor (JNK-IN-8) or p38 inhibitor (SB203580) abolishes the activation of caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3 protein expression during licochalcone A treatment. These findings indicate that licochalcone A exerts a cytostatic effect through apoptosis by targeting the JNK/p38 pathway in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Therefore, licochalcone A is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of human nasopharyngeal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Chuang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Tang
- Graduate Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Hsin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Weng
- Department of Living Services Industry, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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CHANG HORNGRONG, Chen PN, Hsieh YS. FP041Thymoquinone induces cell death in human renal carcinoma cells via apoptosis and autophagy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz106.fp041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ho CL, Ettinger DS, Chen PN, Cheng H, Wen WC, Wu SY, Jahan TM, Fidler MJ, Lash BW, Rybkin II, Stanton N. Phase II multicenter study of antroquinonol in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer who have failed at least two lines of anti-cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e20522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e20522 Background: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of Antroquinonol in patients with stage IV NSCLC after failure in two-lines of anti-cancer therapy. Methods: Patients with stage IV non-squamous NSCLC who have failed at 2-4 lines of anti-cancer therapy were eligible, though early stage or naïve patients may voluntarily participate. A maximum of 30 evaluable patients were to receive Antroquinonol 600mg per day, of which 15 patients were to be KRAS-positive and 15 patients KRAS negative. The primary endpoint of the study was progression-free survival from the start of treatment to week 12 with disease control rate and overall survival as key secondary endpoints. Results: There were 31 patients enrolled with evaluable population 30 patients, of which 15 patients were KRAS positive and 15 patients KRAS negative. 73% were with at least two prior chemotherapy. The median PFS of 7 patients with 2 prior chemotherapy was 22.9 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.0, 31.1); and 11 patients with more than 2 prior chemotherapy was 11.9 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.0, 14.1), with a 1-year PFS of 11.4%. Of 11 patients who had had more than 2 prior chemotherapy, the median OS was 47.3 weeks (95% CI: 14.1,-), with a 1-year OS of 39.3%, and the overall disease control rate was 72.7%, with 100% in KRAS negative and 50% in KRAS positive. No systemic toxicities were observed. Conclusions: The monotherapy of Antroquinonol brought up higher disease control rates and longer progression-free survival and overall survival, compared with historical data. Although KRAS negative shows much better than KRAS positive group, Antroquinonol still work well with KRAS positive patients. Clinical trial information: NCT02047344.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Liang Ho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tri-service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David S. Ettinger
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Golden Biotechnology Corporation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Howard Cheng
- Golden Biotechnology Corp., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Che Wen
- Golden Biotechnology Corporation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yin Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Chen YY, Chang YM, Wang KY, Chen PN, Hseu YC, Chen KM, Yeh KT, Chen CJ, Hsu LS. Naringenin inhibited migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells through multiple mechanisms. Environ Toxicol 2019; 34:233-239. [PMID: 30431227 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most mortality brain cancer in the world. Due to high invasion and drug resistance cause the poor prognosis of GBM. Naringenin, an ingredient of citrus, exhibits many cellular functions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anticancer. Naringenin inhibits the migration of bladder and lung cancer via modulation of MMP-2 and/or MMP-9 activities, Naringenin inhibits migration and trigger apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through downregulation of AKT pathway. However, the effects of naringenin in GBM still remain to be elucidated. In this study, we reveal the molecular mechanisms of naringenin in the inhibition of migration and invasion in GBM. No overt alternation of cell proliferation was found in of GBM 8901 cells treated with different concentration of naringenin. Slight decreased cell viability was found in GBM 8401 cell treated with 200 and 300 μM naringenin. Significant reduction of migration and invasion as assayed by Boyden chamber analysis was found in of GBM cells treated with 100, 200, and 300 μM naringenin. Zymography analysis also revealed that the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 of GBM cells were significantly inhibited in response to 100, 200, or 300 μM naringenin treatment. Proteins of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were downregulated in naringenin treated GBM cells. In addition, naringenin also attenuated the activities of ERK and p38. Naringenin decreased mesenchymal markers (snail and slug) expression as revealed by Western blot analysis. Taken together, our findings indicated that naringenin eliminated the migration and invasion of GBM cells through multiple mechanisms including inhibition of MMPs, ERK, and p38 activities and modulation of EMT markers. Our results also suggested that naringenin may be a potential agent to prevent metastasis of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ming Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Division of Internal Medicine, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Min Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Huang CH, Chen CJ, Chen PN, Wang SS, Chou YE, Hung SC, Yang SF. Impacts of AURKA Genetic Polymorphism on Urothelial Cell Carcinoma Development. J Cancer 2019; 10:1370-1374. [PMID: 31031846 PMCID: PMC6485228 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the urinary system and the second-most common type of renal cell carcinoma. Aurora kinase A (AURKA), a serine/threonine kinase, has a critical role in centrosome duplication, spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. Here, we determined the correlation between UCC susceptibility and AURKA polymorphisms. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction to compare the genotype distributions and allelic frequencies of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AURKA, namely rs1047972, rs2273535, rs2064863, and rs6024836, between 431 UCC cases and 862 healthy controls. Logistic regression models demonstrated that the G allele of rs2064863, a genetic polymorphism of AURKA, exhibited a significant protective effect against UCC among the 862 nonsmokers. Moreover, patients with rs2064863 G allele exhibited a slightly lower risk of lymph node metastasis and those with rs6024836 G allele exhibited a lower risk of distant metastases. Our study suggested that several variants of AURKA SNPs rs2064863 and rs6024836 may serve as critical predictors for the clinical status of UCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Lin Shin Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Shiang Wang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Erh Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chun Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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35
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Han KY, Chen PN, Hong MC, Hseu YC, Chen KM, Hsu LS, Chen WJ. Naringenin Attenuated Prostate Cancer Invasion via Reversal of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Inhibited uPA Activity. Anticancer Res 2019; 38:6753-6758. [PMID: 30504386 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is highly prevalent with a high mortality among males worldwide. Naringenin has been demonstrated to exhibit multiple cellular functions. In this study, we examined the effects of naringenin on prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transwell and zymography assays were used to detect cell migration and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) activity, respectively. Alternation of protein expression was measured by western blot analysis. RESULTS Transwell assay and zymography revealed that naringenin suppressed the migration and invasion of PC-3 cells and uPA activity in proportion to the concentration of naringenin. Western blot analysis indicated that naringenin up-regulated E-cadherin expression, but down-regulated the expression of vimentin, SNAIL family zinc finger 1 (SNAI1), SNAIL family zinc finger 2 (SNAI2), and TWIST family bHLH transcription factor 1 (TWIST1). CONCLUSION Naringenin inhibited the migration and invasion of PC-3 cells by reversing expression of proteins involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and down-regulation of uPA activity. Thus, naringenin may be a promising anti-metastasis agent for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Yang Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Chian Hong
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ke-Ming Chen
- Department of Parasitology School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C .,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Liou YF, Hsieh YS, Hung TW, Chen PN, Chang YZ, Kao SH, Lin SW, Chang HR. Thymoquinone inhibits metastasis of renal cell carcinoma cell 786-O-SI3 associating with downregulation of MMP-2 and u-PA and suppression of PI3K/Src signaling. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:686-695. [PMID: 31217736 PMCID: PMC6566734 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.32763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals represent an important source of novel anticancer and chemotherapeutic agents. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the major bioactive phytochemical derived from the seeds of Nigella sativa and has shown potent anticancer activities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer activity of Thymoquinone on the human renal carcinoma cell 786-O-SI3 and the underlying mechanism. By using cell proliferation assay, wound healing, and invasion assay, we found that Thymoquinone did not affect the viability of 786-O-SI3 and human kidney-2, but clearly inhibited the migration and invasion of 786-O-SI3. Further zymography and immunoblotting analysis showed that Thymoquinone downregulated the activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and attenuated the adhesion of 786-O-SI3 to type I and type IV collagen. Kinase cascade assay indicated that Thymoquinone inhibited the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, Src, and Paxillin. In addition, Thymoquinone also decreased the level of fibronectin, N-cadherin, and Rho A. In parallel, Thymoquinone dose-dependently suppressed the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-promoted u-PA activity and expression, as well as the cell motility and invasion of 786-O-SI3. Furthermore, tumor xenograft model revealed that Thymoquinone in vivo inhibited the 786-O-SI3 metastasizing to the lung. Collectively, these findings indicate that Thymoquinone inhibits the metastatic ability of 786-O-SI3, suggesting that Thymoquinone might be beneficial to promote the chemotherapy for renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Farng Liou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Feng Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Zin Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsuan Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Rong Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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37
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Fang CY, Wu CZ, Chen PN, Chang YC, Chuang CY, Lai CT, Yang SF, Tsai LL. Antimetastatic potentials of salvianolic acid A on oral squamous cell carcinoma by targeting MMP-2 and the c-Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Environ Toxicol 2018; 33:545-554. [PMID: 29385302 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most important causes of cancer-related deaths. Thus, various therapeutic strategies have been developed to prevent the metastasis of OSCC. Salvianolic acid A (SAA), a traditional Chinese medicine, has antithrombosis, antiplatelet, anti-inflammation, and antitumor activities. Here, we provide molecular evidence indicating that SAA exerts its antimetastatic effects by markedly inhibiting the invasion and migration of oral squamous SCC-9 and SCC-25 cells. SCC-9 and SCC-25 cells were treated with various concentrations of SAA to further investigate the precise involvement of SAA in cancer metastasis. The results of zymography, and Western blotting indicated that SAA treatment may decrease matrix metallopoteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression. SAA also inhibited p-c-Raf, p-MEK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 protein expression. In addition, treating SCC-9 cells with U0126, a MEK-specific inhibitor, decreased MMP-2 expression and concomitantly inhibited cell migration. Our findings suggested that SAA inhibits the invasion and migration of OSCC by inhibiting the c-Raf/MEK/ERK pathways that control MMP-2 expression. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the antimetastatic effect of SAA and are thus valuable for the development of treatment strategies for metastatic OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Fang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Zong Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Lotung PohAi Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Chuang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ting Lai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lo-Lin Tsai
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin CL, Lee CH, Chen CM, Cheng CW, Chen PN, Ying TH, Hsieh YH. Protodioscin Induces Apoptosis Through ROS-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via the JNK/p38 Activation Pathways in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 46:322-334. [PMID: 29590661 DOI: 10.1159/000488433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Protodioscin (PD) is a steroidal saponin with anti-cancer effects on a number of cancer cells, but the anti-tumor effects and mechanism of action of PD on human cervical cancer cells is unclear. METHODS We determined cell viability using the MTT assay. Cell death, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were measured on a flow cytometry. Caspase activation, ER stress, and MMP-dependent apoptosis proteins in cervical cancer cells in response to PD were determined by Western blot analysis. The ability of ATF4 binding to ChIP promoter was measured using the ChIP assay. RESULTS We demonstrated that PD inhibits cell viability, causes a loss of mitochondrial function, and induces apoptosis, as evidenced by up-regulation of caspase-8, -3, -9, -PARP, and Bax activation, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression. PD was shown to induce ROS and the ER stress pathway, including GRP78, p-eIF-2α, ATF4, and CHOP. Pre-treatment with NAC, a ROS production inhibitor, significantly reduced ER stress and apoptosis-related proteins induced by PD. Transfection of GRP78/CHOP-siRNA effectively inhibited PD-induced ER stress-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, treatment with PD significantly increased p38 and JNK activation. Co-administration of a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) or p38 inhibitor (SB203580) abolished cell death and ER stress effects during PD treatment. In addition, PD induced the expression of nuclear ATF4 and CHOP, as well as the binding ability of ATF4 to the CHOP promoter. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PD is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Min Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ho Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Feng IC, Hsieh MJ, Chen PN, Hsieh YH, Ho HY, Yang SF, Yeh CB. Cantharidic acid induces apoptosis through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Environ Toxicol 2018; 33:261-268. [PMID: 29159945 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidin analogs exhibit anticancer activities, including apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of cantharidic acid (CA), a cantharidin analog, on apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are unclear. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the anticancer activities of CA by investigating its ability to trigger apoptosis in SK-Hep-1 cells. Our data demonstrated that CA effectively inhibited the proliferation of SK-Hep-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CA effectively triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis, as determined by flow cytometric analysis. Western blotting revealed that CA significantly activated proapoptotic signaling including caspase-3, -8, and -9 in SK-Hep-1 cells. Moreover, treatment of SK-Hep-1 cells with CA induced the activation of ERK, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Moreover, the inhibition of p38 by specific inhibitors abolished CA-induced cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our results indicated that CA induces apoptosis in SK-Hep-1 cells through a p38-mediated apoptotic pathway and could be a new HCC therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Che Feng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yongkang District, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yongkang District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Bin Yeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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40
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Chu SC, Chen PN, Chen JR, Yu CH, Hsieh YS, Kuo DY. Role of hypothalamic leptin-LepRb signaling in NPY-CART-mediated appetite suppression in amphetamine-treated rats. Horm Behav 2018; 98:173-182. [PMID: 29307696 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipose tissue hormone which plays an important role in regulating energy homeostasis. Amphetamine (AMPH) is a drug of appetite suppressant, which exerts its effect by decreasing the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and increasing that of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). This study investigated whether leptin, the leptin receptor (LepRb) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) were involved in NPY/CART-mediated appetite suppression in AMPH-treated rats. Rats were given AMPH daily for four days, and changes in the levels of blood leptin and hypothalamic NPY, CART, LepRb, Janus kinases 2 (JAK2), and STAT3 were assessed and compared. During the AMPH treatment, blood leptin levels and hypothalamic NPY expression decreased, with the largest reduction observed on Day 2. By contrast, the expression of hypothalamic CART, LepRb, JAK2, and STAT3 increased, with the maximum response on Day 2. Furthermore, the binding activity of pSTAT3/DNA increased and was expressed in similar pattern to that of CART, LepRb, and JAK2. An intracerebroventricular infusion of NPY antisense 60min prior to AMPH treatment increased the levels of leptin, as well as the expression in LepRb, JAK2, and CART, whereas an infusion of STAT3 antisense decreased these levels and the expression of these parameters. The results suggest that blood leptin and hypothalamic LepRb-JAK2-STAT3 signaling involved in NPY-CART-regulated appetite suppression in AMPH-treated rats. The findings may aid understanding the role of leptin-LepRb during the treatment of anorectic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Chu
- Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City 406, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Rung Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Yu
- Department of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Yih Kuo
- Department of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
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41
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Yu CH, Hsieh YS, Chen PN, Chen JR, Kuo DY. Knockdown of the transcript of ERK in the brain modulates hypothalamic neuropeptide-mediated appetite control in amphetamine-treated rats. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:726-739. [PMID: 29215157 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Amphetamine is a releaser of dopamine stored in synaptic terminals, which can suppress appetite by changing the expression levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the hypothalamus. This study explored whether ERKs are involved in appetite control mediated by cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), NPY and POMC in amphetamine-treated rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were given amphetamine for 4 days, and changes in feeding behaviour and expression levels of phosphorylated-ERK (pERK), pCREB, NPY and melanocortin MC3 receptors were examined and compared. KEY RESULTS Following amphetamine treatment, food intake, body weight and NPY expression decreased, whereas the expression of pERK, pCREB, MC3 receptors and pCREB/DNA binding activity increased. In amphetamine-treated rats, both cerebral ERK knockdown and pretreatment with a peripheral dopamine receptor antagonist decreased NPY but increased pERK, pCREB and MC3 receptor expression. Moreover, the immunofluorescence of hypothalamic pERK increased following amphetamine treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that ERK/CREB signalling participates in the effects mediated by dopamine receptor/NPY/POMC on appetite control in rats treated with amphetamine. These findings advance the knowledge on the involvement of ERK/CREB signalling in the reciprocal regulation by NPY and POMC of appetite after amphetamine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Han Yu
- Department of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Rung Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Dong-Yih Kuo
- Department of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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42
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Wu HC, Horng CT, Lee YL, Chen PN, Lin CY, Liao CY, Hsieh YS, Chu SC. Cinnamomum Cassia Extracts Suppress Human Lung Cancer Cells Invasion by Reducing u-PA/MMP Expression through the FAK to ERK Pathways. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:115-123. [PMID: 29333095 PMCID: PMC5765724 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.22293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum cassia exhibits antioxidative, apoptotic, and cytostatic properties. These activities have been attributed to the modulation of several biological processes and are beneficial for possible pharmaceutical applications. However, the potential of C. cassia in retarding lung adenocarcinoma cells metastasis remains ambiguous. We determined whether C. cassia extract (CCE) reduces metastasis of human lung adenocarcinoma cells. The results showed that CCE treatment (up to 60 μg/mL) for 24 h exhibited no cytotoxicity on the A549 and H1299 cell lines but inhibited the motility, invasiveness, and migration of these cells by repressing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA). CCE also impaired cell adhesion to collagen. CCE significantly reduced p-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) Tyr397, p-FAK Tyr925, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, and Ras homolog gene family (Rho)A expression. CCE showed anti-metastatic activity of A549 and H1299 cells by repressing u-PA/MMP-2 via FAK to ERK1/2 pathways. These findings may facilitate future clinical trials of lung adenocarcinoma chemotherapy to confirm the promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chen Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Ting Horng
- Departmant of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - You-Li Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yin Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Liao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chu
- Institute and Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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43
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Huang SF, Chu SC, Hsieh YH, Chen PN, Hsieh YS. Viola Yedoensis Suppresses Cell Invasion by Targeting the Protease and NF-κB Activities in A549 and Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:280-290. [PMID: 29511364 PMCID: PMC5835699 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.22793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a vital trait in malignancies with complicated early diagnosis and therapeutic management. Therefore, the development of new remedies and the utilization of natural medicines that target metastasis are of great interest and have been studied extensively. Chinese medicinal herbs have various anti-carcinogenesis properties; however, the in vitro effect and mechanism of Viola yedoensis on cancer cell metastasis remains poorly understood. V. yedoensis extracts (VYE) can suppress the invasion of a highly metastatic human lung cancer cell line, A549 cells. According to gelatin zymography and casein zymography assays, VYE inhibited the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA). The results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting revealed that VYE can alter the expression of proteinase inhibitor. VYE also suppressed the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B. We concluded that VYE may inhibit tumor invasion by suppressing the activities of MMP and u-PA in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- She-Fang Huang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Chen Chu
- Institute and Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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44
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Yang SL, Kuo FH, Chen PN, Hsieh YH, Yu NY, Yang WE, Hsieh MJ, Yang SF. Andrographolide suppresses the migratory ability of human glioblastoma multiforme cells by targeting ERK1/2-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105860-105872. [PMID: 29285298 PMCID: PMC5739685 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) can be a fatal tumor because of difficulties in treating the related metastasis. Andrographolide is the bioactive component of the Andrographis paniculata. Andrographolide possesses the anti-inflammatory activity and inhibits the growth of various cancers; however, its effect on GBM cancer motility remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the antimetastatic properties of andrographolide in human GBM cells. Our results revealed that andrographolide inhibited the invasion and migration abilities of GBM8401 and U251 cells. Furthermore, andrographolide inhibited matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity and expression. Real-time PCR and promoter activity assays indicated that andrographolide inhibited MMP-2 expression at the transcriptional level. Such inhibitory effects were associated with the suppression of CREB DNA-binding activity and CREB expression. Mechanistically, andrographolide inhibited the cell motility of GBM8401 cells through the extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway, and the blocking of the ERK 1/2 pathway could reverse MMP-2-mediated cell motility. In conclusion, CREB is a crucial target of andrographolide for suppressing MMP-2-mediated cell motility in GBM cells. Therefore, a combination of andrographolide and an ERK inhibitor might be a good strategy for preventing GBM metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Liang Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Hsuan Kuo
- Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nuo-Yi Yu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-En Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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45
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Hsin CH, Huang CC, Chen PN, Hsieh YS, Yang SF, Ho YT, Lin CW. Rubus idaeusInhibits Migration and Invasion of Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Suppression of MMP-2 through Modulation of the ERK1/2 Pathway. Am J Chin Med 2017; 45:1557-1572. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is characterized by a high incidence of metastasis in the neck lymph nodes, resulting in a poor prognosis and posing challenges for treatment. In this study, we investigated the in vitro antimetastatic properties of Rubus idaeus extract (RIE) on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. HONE-1, NPC-39 and NPC-BM cells were subjected to RIE treatment, and effects on the migration and invasion of tumor cells were analyzed. The results showed that RIE suppressed the migration and invasion of NPC cells. Gelatin zymography assay, Western blotting and real-time PCR showed that matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) enzyme activity, protein expression and mRNA levels were down-regulated by RIE treatment. To identify the signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase proteins were examined, which showed that phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was inhibited after the treatment of RIE. In summary, our data showed that RIE inhibited the migration and invasion of NPC cells by suppressing the expression of MMP-2 by down-regulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, suggesting that Rubus idaeus may serve as chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agent for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Han Hsin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chen Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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46
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Chen YY, Hsieh MJ, Hsieh YS, Chang YC, Chen PN, Yang SF, Ho HY, Chou YE, Lin CW. Antimetastatic effects of Rheum palmatum L. extract on oral cancer cells. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:2287-2294. [PMID: 28678381 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheum palmatum L., a traditional Chinese medication, has been used for the treatment of various disorders. However, the detailed impacts and underlying mechanisms of R. palmatum L. extracts (RLEs) on human oral cancer cell metastasis are still unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that an RLE has antimetastatic effects on SCC-9 and SAS human oral cancer cells. Gelatin zymography, Western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and luciferase assay were used to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in the antimetastatic effects on oral cancer cells. Our results revealed that the RLE (up to 20 μg/mL, without cytotoxicity) attenuated SCC-9 and SAS cell motility, invasiveness, and migration by reducing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 enzyme activities. Western blot analysis of the MAPK signaling pathway indicated that the RLE significantly decreased phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels but not p38 and JNK levels. In conclusion, RLEs exhibit antimetastatic activity against oral cancer cells through the transcriptional repression of MMP-2 via the Erk1/2 signaling pathways. Thus, RLEs may be potentially useful as antimetastatic agents for oral cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yu Chen
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Changhua Christian Hospital, Cancer Research Center, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Erh Chou
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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47
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Chen PN, Yang SF, Yu CC, Lin CY, Huang SH, Chu SC, Hsieh YS. Duchesnea indica extract suppresses the migration of human lung adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:2053-2063. [PMID: 28371048 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process through which epithelial cells are transformed into mesenchymal cells; EMT diminishes cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion in cancer cells, leading to enhanced migratory and invasive properties. In this experiment, zymography, cell invasion, and migration assays were performed. Results indicated that Duchesnea indica extracts (DIE) inhibited highly metastatic A549 and H1299 cells by reducing the secretions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Cell adhesion assay also demonstrated that DIE reduced the cell adhesion properties. Western blot analysis showed that DIE down-regulated the expression of N-cadherin, fibronectin, and vimentin, which are mesenchymal markers, and enhanced that of E-cadherin, which is an epithelial marker. In vivo study showed that tumor growth was significantly reduced in BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model administered with oral gavage of DIE. Therefore, DIE could be exhibits potential as a phytochemical-based platform for prevention and treatment of lung cancer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 2053-2063, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- Institute of Oral Science, School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yin Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chu
- Institute and Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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48
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Chang PY, Hsieh MJ, Hsieh YS, Chen PN, Yang JS, Lo FC, Yang SF, Lu KH. Tricetin inhibits human osteosarcoma cells metastasis by transcriptionally repressing MMP-9 via p38 and Akt pathways. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:2032-2040. [PMID: 27860196 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tricetin, a dietary flavonoid, has cytostatic properties and anti-metastasis activities in various cancer cells. However, the detailed impacts and underlying mechanisms of tricetin on human osteosarcoma cell metastasis are still unclear. Here, the hypothesis that tricetin possesses the anti-metastatic effects on human osteosarcoma cells was tested. The effects of tricetin on cell viability, motility, migration, and invasion in human osteosarcoma U2OS and HOS cells were investigated. Gelatin zymography, western blotting, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the luciferase assay were used to further explore the underlying mechanisms involved in anti-metastatic effects in U2OS cells. Their results showed that Tricetin, up to 80 μM without cytotoxicity, attenuated U2OS and HOS cells motility, invasiveness, and migration by reducing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 enzyme activities. In U2OS cells, tricetin decreased MMP-9 protein and mRNA expressions, which was confirmed by real-time PCR. Next, tricetin reduced phosphorylation of p38 and Akt, but no effect on phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK. In conclusion, tricetin possesses the anti-metastatic activity of osteosarcoma cells by transcriptionally repressing MMP-9 via p38 and Akt signaling pathways. This may be potentially useful as anti-metastatic agents for osteosarcoma chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Yu Chang
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Senior Citizen Services, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Changhua Christian Hospital, Cancer Research Center, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sin Yang
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Cheng Lo
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Hsiu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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49
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Takeda R, Chen M, Chen PN, Chenga H, Weia W, Mori M, Mochida K. Effects of Antrodia Camphorata Mycelia Extract Containing Antroquinonol on Lowering Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Randomized Double-Blind Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.6000/1927-5951.2017.07.03.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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50
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Wu SW, Chen PN, Lin CY, Hsieh YS, Chang HR. Everolimus suppresses invasion and migration of renal cell carcinoma by inhibiting FAK activity and reversing epithelial to mesenchymal transition in vitro and in vivo. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:1888-1898. [PMID: 28258630 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults and the major cause of mortality in urological cancer. Most patients with RCC are asymptomatic until the disease is advanced and unresectable. In this situation, systemic therapy with immunotherapy or molecularly targeted therapy agents play an important role in therapeutic strategy. Everolimus (EVE), an m-TOR inhibitor, has the potential to inhibit tumor progression at multiple levels and is indicated for the treatment of advanced RCC in patients whose disease has metastasis. In this study, we provide molecular evidence associated with the antimetastatic effect of everolimus by demonstrating the suppression of lung metastasis of 786-O cells in mouse model. This effect was associated with reduced protein expressions of p-FAK (Tyr 925), p-Src (Tyr416), Vimentin, and RhoA and also with increased the E-cadherin protein expression. In summary, these findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the antimetastatic effect of everolimus and are thus valuable in the treatment of metastatic RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wen Wu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yin Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Rong Chang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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