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Gebreyesus LH, Choi S, Neequaye P, Mahmoud M, Mahmoud M, Ofosu-Boateng M, Twum E, Nnamani DO, Wang L, Yadak N, Ghosh S, Gonzalez FJ, Gyamfi MA. Pregnane X receptor knockout mitigates weight gain and hepatic metabolic dysregulation in female C57BL/6 J mice on a long-term high-fat diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116341. [PMID: 38428309 PMCID: PMC10983615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases. However, pre-menopausal females are protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its adverse effects. The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor, promotes short-term obesity-associated liver disease only in male mice but not in females. Therefore, the current study investigated the metabolic and pathophysiological effects of a long-term 52-week HFD in female wild-type (WT) and PXR-KO mice and characterized the PXR-dependent molecular pathways involved. After 52 weeks of HFD ingestion, the body and liver weights and several markers of hepatotoxicity were significantly higher in WT mice than in their PXR-KO counterparts. The HFD-induced liver injury in WT female mice was also associated with upregulation of the hepatic mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg), its target genes, fat-specific protein 27 (Fsp27), and the liver-specific Fsp27b involved in lipid accumulation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Notably, PXR-KO mice displayed elevated hepatic Cyp2a5 (anti-obesity gene), aldo-keto reductase 1b7 (Akr1b7), glutathione-S-transferase M3 (Gstm3) (antioxidant gene), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels, contributing to protection against long-term HFD-induced obesity and inflammation. RNA sequencing analysis revealed a general blunting of the transcriptomic response to HFD in PXR-KO compared to WT mice. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated enrichment by HFD for several pathways, including oxidative stress and redox pathway, cholesterol biosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in WT but not PXR-KO mice. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which PXR deficiency protects against long-term HFD-induced severe obesity and its adverse effects in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidya H Gebreyesus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sora Choi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Prince Neequaye
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Mattia Mahmoud
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Mia Mahmoud
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Malvin Ofosu-Boateng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Elizabeth Twum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Daniel O Nnamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Lijin Wang
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore
| | - Nour Yadak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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Wang Y, Hu J, Chen C, Li Y. PTTG1 induces pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and promotes aerobic glycolysis by regulating c-myc. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220813. [PMID: 38465336 PMCID: PMC10921497 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the role of pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) in proliferation, migration, invasion, and aerobic glycolysis of pancreatic cancer cells, and evaluate the potential of PTTG1 as a therapeutic target. PTTG1 expression in pancreatic cancers was analyzed using the GEPIA databank. In the Panc1 cell with the PTTG1 knockdown or Mia-PaCa2 cells with PTTG1 overexpression, the cell proliferation was evaluated using cell viability curves and colony formation, and wound heal assay and transwell assay were performed to evaluate the migration and invasion, respectively. Furthermore, a western blot was performed to evaluate the expressions of PTTG1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and c-myc. Meanwhile, the glucose uptake, extracellular acidification rates (ECAR), and oxygen consumption rates (OCR) were analyzed. Our results showed that PTTG1 expression is upregulated in pancreatic cancer, which promoted cell proliferation. Low PTTG1 contributed to higher disease-free survival and overall survival. In Panc1 cell, PTTG1 knockdown resulted in reduced cell viability and colony formation. The migration and invasion abilities of the cells were also reduced in Panc1 with PTTG1 knockdown. Correspondingly, PTTG1 knockdown decreased c-myc expression, glucose uptake, ECAR, and OCR in Panc1 cells. In Mia-PaCa2 cells, PTTG1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, aerobic glycolysis, and translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus by regulating c-myc. In conclusion, PTTG1 induces proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promotes aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells via regulating c-myc, demonstrating the potential of PTTG1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, No. 120 Suzhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, 223800, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, No. 120 Suzhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, 223800, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, No. 120 Suzhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, 223800, China
| | - Yongbo Li
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, No. 120 Suzhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, 223800, China
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Zhou Q, Li L, Sha F, Lei Y, Tian X, Chen L, Chen Y, Liu H, Guo Y. PTTG1 Reprograms Asparagine Metabolism to Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression. Cancer Res 2023; 83:2372-2386. [PMID: 37159932 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and has a poor prognosis. Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) is highly expressed in HCC, suggesting it could play an important role in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Here, we evaluated the impact of PTTG1 deficiency on HCC development using a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC mouse model and a hepatitis B virus (HBV) regulatory X protein (HBx)-induced spontaneous HCC mouse model. PTTG1 deficiency significantly suppressed DEN- and HBx-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Mechanistically, PTTG1 promoted asparagine synthetase (ASNS) transcription by binding to its promoter, and asparagine (Asn) levels were correspondingly increased. The elevated levels of Asn subsequently activated the mTOR pathway to facilitate HCC progression. In addition, asparaginase treatment reversed the proliferation induced by PTTG1 overexpression. Furthermore, HBx promoted ASNS and Asn metabolism by upregulating PTTG1 expression. Overall, PTTG1 is involved in the reprogramming of Asn metabolism to promote HCC progression and may serve as a therapeutic and diagnostic target for HCC. SIGNIFICANCE PTTG1 is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and increases asparagine production to stimulate mTOR activity and promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Leijia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feifei Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yiming Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuan Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lingjun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yunwei Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Richter H, Gover O, Schwartz B. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Black Soldier Fly Oil Associated with Modulation of TLR Signaling: A Metabolomic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10634. [PMID: 37445812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary intervention in the treatment of ulcerative colitis involves, among other things, modifications in fatty acid content and/or profile. For example, replacing saturated long chain fatty acids with medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) has been reported to ameliorate inflammation. The Black Soldier Fly Larvae's (BSFL) oil is considered a sustainable dietary ingredient rich in the MCFA C12:0; however, its effect on inflammatory-related conditions has not been studied until now. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of BSFL oil in comparison to C12:0 using TLR4- or TLR2-activated THP-1 and J774A.1 cell lines and to assess its putative protective effect against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis in mice. BSFL oil and C12:0 suppressed proinflammatory cytokines release in LPS-stimulated macrophages; however, only BSFL oil exerted anti-inflammatory activity in Pam3CSK4-stimulated macrophages. Transcriptome analysis provided insight into the possible role of BSFL oil in immunometabolism switch, involving mTOR signaling and an increase in PPAR target genes promoting fatty acid oxidation, exhibiting a discrepant mode of action compared to C12:0 treatment, which mainly affected cholesterol biosynthesis pathways. Additionally, we identified anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, oxylipins, and isoprenoids in the BSFL oil that may contribute to an orchestrated anti-inflammatory response. In vivo, a BSFL oil-enriched diet (20%) ameliorated the clinical signs of colitis, as indicated by improved body weight recovery, reduced colon shortening, reduced splenomegaly, and an earlier phase of secretory IgA response. These results indicate the novel beneficial use of BSFL oil as a modulator of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Richter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Ofer Gover
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Betty Schwartz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 761001, Israel
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Tien S, Zhou H, Zhou Q, Liu H, Wu B, Guo Y. PTTG1 alleviates acute alcoholic liver injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced hepatocyte pyroptosis. Liver Int 2023; 43:840-854. [PMID: 36737842 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Heavy drinking is a primary cause of alcoholic liver injury (ALI). Pituitary tumour transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) is involved in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is a well-known inflammation-related cancer with various aetiologies, including alcohol consumption. However, the role of PTTG1 in alcohol-induced liver injury and inflammation is not clear. METHODS Blood samples were collected from patients with acute alcohol intoxication (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20). PTTG1 knockout (KO) mice and PTTG1 transgenic (TG) mice were given a single gavage of alcohol (5 g/kg, 50%) to construct the alcohol-induced liver injury. RESULTS We found that serum PTTG1 levels were downregulated in acute ALI patients. In addition, acute alcohol administration significantly reduced PTTG1 levels in the serum and liver of mice. Compared to wild-type mice, PTTG1 KO mice had more serious liver injury, which was accompanied by worsened hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and hepatocyte pyroptosis induced by alcohol. Similarly, PTTG1 deficiency exacerbated alcohol-induced cell death in primary mouse hepatocytes and LO2 cells, by increasing hepatic ER stress and pyroptosis. Importantly, TUDCA, an ER stress inhibitor, could blocked alcohol-induced hepatic pyroptosis in PTTG1 knockdown LO2 cells. Finally, overexpression of PTTG1 substantially attenuated alcohol-induced liver injury by reducing ER stress and hepatic pyroptosis in mice. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that PTTG1 participates in ALI and has a protective effect against alcohol-induced hepatic ER stress and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiuan Tien
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoxiong Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunwei Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
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Li X, Tai Y, Liu S, Gao Y, Zhang K, Yin J, Zhang H, Wang X, Li X, Zhang D. Bioinformatic Analysis of PTTG Family and Prognosis and Immune Cell Infiltration in Gastric Cancer. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:6905216. [PMID: 36785594 PMCID: PMC9922182 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6905216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the sixth highest incidence rate in the world. Although treatment has made progress, the prospect of gastric cancer patients is bleak. Difficulties and future prospects of immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Adaptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines, gene therapy, and monoclonal antibody therapy have all been used in gastric cancer with some initial success. PTTGs (pituitary tumor-transforming genes) have been proven to be closely related to the prognosis of many malignant tumors. However, the prognosis and immune cell infiltration of gastric adenocarcinoma (STAD) remain unclear. We retrieved multiple databases to understand the possible activity of PTTGs and their expression in gastric cancer, as well as their relationship with clinical data, overall survival rate, first progression, and survival rate after progression. PTTGs are overexpressed in STAD tumor tissues. Many clinical variables are closely related to PTTGs. In addition, PTTG was associated with overall survival independent of disease. In addition, the expression of PTTG1/2 was positively correlated with the molecular status of the immune checkpoint and negatively correlated with the infiltration of various immune cells. Data research shows that PTTG and STAD are closely related. This paved the way for future research, revealed the complex pathophysiology of gastric cancer, and introduced an effective new treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Yanghao Tai
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Yating Gao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Kaining Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Jierong Yin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen 041000, China
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Fei L, Hou G, Lu Z, Yang X, Ji Z. High expression of pituitary tumor gene family is a predictor for poor prognosis of gastric cancer. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Hou
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Department of outpatient, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinmei Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zizhong Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People’s Republic of China
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Xue C, Gu X, Zhao Y, Jia J, Zheng Q, Su Y, Bao Z, Lu J, Li L. Prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis and immunotherapeutic effects based on tryptophan metabolism-related genes. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:308. [PMID: 36217206 PMCID: PMC9552452 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background L-tryptophan (Trp) metabolism involved in mediating tumour development and immune suppression. However, comprehensive analysis of the role of the Trp metabolism pathway is still a challenge. Methods We downloaded Trp metabolism-related genes’ expression data from different public databases, including TCGA, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Database (HCCDB). And we identified two metabolic phenotypes using the ConsensusClusterPlus package. Univariate regression analysis and lasso Cox regression analysis were used to establish a risk model. CIBERSORT and Tracking of Indels by DEcomposition (TIDE) analyses were adopted to assess the infiltration abundance of immune cells and tumour immune escape. Results We identified two metabolic phenotypes, and patients in Cluster 2 (C2) had a better prognosis than those in Cluster 1 (C1). The distribution of clinical features between the metabolic phenotypes showed that patients in C1 tended to have higher T stage, stage, grade, and death probability than those of patients in C2. Additionally, we screened 739 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the C1 and C2. We generated a ten-gene risk model based on the DEGs, and the area under the curve (AUC) values of the risk model for predicting overall survival. Patients in the low-risk subgroup tended to have a significantly longer overall survival than that of those in the high-risk group. Moreover, univariate analysis indicated that the risk model was significantly correlated with overall survival. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk model remained an independent risk factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (p < 0.0001). Conclusions We identified two metabolic phenotypes based on genes of the Trp metabolism pathway, and we established a risk model that could be used for predicting prognosis and guiding immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02730-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yalei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjun Jia
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuxian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanshuai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu X, Zeng W, Zheng D, Tang M, Zhou W. Clinical significance of securin expression in solid cancers: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of published studies and bioinformatics analysis based on TCGA dataset. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30440. [PMID: 36123907 PMCID: PMC9478268 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have investigated the clinical significance of securin expression in solid cancers; however, the results have been inconsistent. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis of published studies to assess the clinical value of securin expression in patients with solid cancers. METHODS The Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, PubMed, and EMDASE databases were searched for eligible studies (from inception up to April 2021). Bioinformatics analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset was also performed to evaluate the prognostic value of securin expression. RESULTS A total of 25 articles with 26 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis implied that high securin expression was positively correlated with unfavorable overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio = 1.52, 95% CI, 1.33-1.73; P < .001) and lymph node metastasis (odd ratio = 2.96, 95% CI, 2.26-3.86; P < .001). Consistently, our bioinformatics analysis showed that increased securin expression was associated with worse OS and shorter disease-free survival in cancer patients. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that securin overexpression was positively associated with metastasis and inversely related to the prognosis of patients with solid cancers. However, additional high-quality studies should be conducted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Dayang Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wangyan Zhou
- Department of Medical Humanities and Education Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- * Correspondence: Wangyan Zhou, Department of Medical Humanities and Education Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang 421001, China (e-mail: )
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Aljabban J, Rohr M, Syed S, Cohen E, Hashi N, Syed S, Khorfan K, Aljabban H, Borkowski V, Segal M, Mukhtar M, Mohammed M, Boateng E, Nemer M, Panahiazar M, Hadley D, Jalil S, Mumtaz K. Dissecting novel mechanisms of hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma using meta-analysis of public data. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1856-1873. [PMID: 36187396 PMCID: PMC9516659 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i9.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Interestingly, this process is not necessarily mediated through cirrhosis and may in fact involve oncogenic processes. Prior studies have suggested specific oncogenic gene expression pathways were affected by viral regulatory proteins. Thus, identifying these genes and associated pathways could highlight predictive factors for HCC transformation and has implications in early diagnosis and treatment.
AIM To elucidate HBV oncogenesis in HCC and identify potential therapeutic targets.
METHODS We employed our Search, Tag, Analyze, Resource platform to conduct a meta-analysis of public data from National Center for Biotechnology Information’s Gene Expression Omnibus. We performed meta-analysis consisting of 155 tumor samples compared against 185 adjacent non-tumor samples and analyzed results with ingenuity pathway analysis.
RESULTS Our analysis revealed liver X receptors/retinoid X receptor (RXR) activation and farnesoid X receptor/RXR activation as top canonical pathways amongst others. Top upstream regulators identified included the Ras family gene rab-like protein 6 (RABL6). The role of RABL6 in oncogenesis is beginning to unfold but its specific role in HBV-related HCC remains undefined. Our causal analysis suggests RABL6 mediates pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC through promotion of genes related to cell division, epigenetic regulation, and Akt signaling. We conducted survival analysis that demonstrated increased mortality with higher RABL6 expression. Additionally, homeobox A10 (HOXA10) was a top upstream regulator and was strongly upregulated in our analysis. HOXA10 has recently been demonstrated to contribute to HCC pathogenesis in vitro. Our causal analysis suggests an in vivo role through downregulation of tumor suppressors and other mechanisms.
CONCLUSION This meta-analysis describes possible roles of RABL6 and HOXA10 in the pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC. RABL6 and HOXA10 represent potential therapeutic targets and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihad Aljabban
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Michael Rohr
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, United States
| | - Saad Syed
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Eli Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Naima Hashi
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Sharjeel Syed
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Kamal Khorfan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California San Francisco-Fresno, Fresno, CA 93701, United States
| | - Hisham Aljabban
- Department of Medicine, Barry University, Miami, FL 33161, United States
| | - Vincent Borkowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Michael Segal
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Mohamed Mukhtar
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI 49503, United States
| | - Mohammed Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Frankfort, IL 60423, United States
| | - Emmanuel Boateng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Mary Nemer
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Maryam Panahiazar
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Dexter Hadley
- Department of Pathology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, United States
| | - Sajid Jalil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Khalid Mumtaz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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Li JD, Farah AA, Huang ZG, Zhai GQ, Wang RG, Liu JL, Wang QJ, Zhang GL, Lei ZL, Dang YW, Li SH. Clinical significance and potential regulatory mechanism of overexpression of pituitary tumor-transforming gene transcription factor in bladder cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:713. [PMID: 35768832 PMCID: PMC9241226 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pituitary tumor transforming gene-1 (PTTG1) transcription factor is identified as carcinogenic and associated with tumor invasiveness, but its role in bladder cancer (BLCA) remains obscure. This research is intended to analyze the aberrant expression and clinical significance of PTTG1 in BLCA, explore the relationship between PTTG1 and tumor microenvironment characteristics and predict its potential transcriptional activity in BLCA tissue. Methods We compared the expression discrepancy of PTTG1 mRNA in BLCA and normal bladder tissue, using the BLCA transcriptomic datasets from GEO, ArrayExpress, TCGA, and GTEx. In-house immunohistochemical staining was implemented to determine the PTTG1 protein intensity. The prognostic value of PTTG1 was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter. CRISPR screen data was utilized to estimate the effect PTTG1 interference has on BLCA cell lines. We predicted the abundance of the immune cells in the BLCA tumor microenvironment using the microenvironment cell populations-counter and ESTIMATE algorithms. Single-cell RNA sequencing data was applied to identify the major cell types in BLCA, and the dynamics of BLCA progression were revealed using pseudotime analysis. PTTG1 target genes were predicted by CistromeDB. Results The elevated expression level of PTTG1 was confirmed in 1037 BLCA samples compared with 127 non-BLCA samples, with a standardized mean difference value of 1.04. Higher PTTG1 expression status exhibited a poorer BLCA prognosis. Moreover, the PTTG1 Chronos genetic effect scores were negative, indicating that PTTG1 silence may inhibit the proliferation and survival of BLCA cells. With PTTG1 mRNA expression level increasing, higher natural killer, cytotoxic lymphocyte, and monocyte lineage cell infiltration levels were observed. A total of four candidate targets containing CHEK2, OCIAD2, UBE2L3, and ZNF367 were determined ultimately. Conclusions PTTG1 mRNA over-expression may become a potential biomarker for BLCA prognosis. Additionally, PTTG1 may correlate with the BLCA tumor microenvironment and exert transcriptional activity by targeting CHEK2, OCIAD2, UBE2L3, and ZNF367 in BLCA tissue. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09810-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Di Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdirahman Ahmed Farah
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Qiang Zhai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Gong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Lin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Jie Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Lan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Long Lei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hua Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Pituitary Tumor-Transforming Gene 1/Delta like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1 Signaling in Chronic Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136897. [PMID: 35805898 PMCID: PMC9267054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) remains a challenge, and identifying effective treatments is a major unmet medical need. In the current review we focus on the pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG1)/delta like non-canonical notch ligand 1 (DLK1) axis as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate the progression of these pathological conditions. PTTG1 is a proto-oncogene involved in proliferation and metabolism. PTTG1 expression has been related to inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrogenesis in cancer and experimental fibrosis. On the other hand, DLK1 has been identified as one of the most abundantly expressed PTTG1 targets in adipose tissue and has shown to contribute to hepatic fibrosis by promoting the activation of hepatic stellate cells. Here, we extensively analyze the increasing amount of information pointing to the PTTG1/DLK1 signaling pathway as an important player in the regulation of these disturbances. These data prompted us to hypothesize that activation of the PTTG1/DLK1 axis is a key factor upregulating the tissue remodeling mechanisms characteristic of CLDs. Therefore, disruption of this signaling pathway could be useful in the therapeutic management of CLDs.
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Gong S, Wu C, Duan Y, Tang J, Wu P. A Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Analysis for Pituitary Tumor-Transforming Gene 1. Front Genet 2022; 13:843579. [PMID: 35281830 PMCID: PMC8916819 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.843579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) encodes a multifunctional protein that is involved in many cellular processes. However, the potential role of PTTG1 in tumor formation and its prognostic function in human pan-cancer is still unknown. The analysis of gene alteration, PTTG1 expression, prognostic function, and PTTG1-related immune analysis in 33 types of tumors was performed based on various databases such as The Cancer Genome Atlas database, the Genotype-Tissue Expression database, and the Human Protein Atlas database. Additionally, PTTG1-related gene enrichment analysis was performed to investigate the potential relationship and possible molecular mechanisms between PTTG1 and tumors. Overexpression of PTTG1 may lead to tumor formation and poor prognosis in various tumors. Consequently, PTTG1 acts as a potential oncogene in most tumors. Additionally, PTTG1 is related to immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, tumor mutational burden, and microsatellite instability. Thus, PTTG1 could be potential biomarker for both prognosis and outcomes of tumor treatment and it could also be a promising target in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Gong
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Changwu Wu
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yingjuan Duan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juyu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Panfeng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Panfeng Wu,
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14
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Guo D, Gu Y, Ma D, Liu P, Chen B, Liu Z, Wu P, Liu Q. A novel microRNA miR-MTCO3P38 inhibits malignant progression via STAT3/PTTG1/MYC in hepatocellular carcinoma. Genes Dis 2021; 9:845-848. [PMID: 35685481 PMCID: PMC9170612 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Hu C, Huang W, Xiong N, Liu X. SP1-mediated transcriptional activation of PTTG1 regulates the migration and phenotypic switching of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells in aortic dissection through MAPK signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 711:109007. [PMID: 34400144 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) has been found to be associated with the process of cell proliferation and invasion, and is highly expressed in aortic dissection (AD). However, its potential role and underlying mechanism in AD remain uncertain. This study aims at elucidating the roles of specificity protein 1 (SP1) and PTTG1 in the migration and phenotypic switching of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in AD. Aortic samples were collected from 35 patients with AD for examination of PTTG1 expression in the tissues by qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. Human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) were stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) to establish the cellular model of AD. PTTG1 expression in VSMCs was also examined by qPCR and western blot. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8, cell proliferation by EdU staining and cell migration by wound healing and transwell. Western blot was then performed to assay migration-related proteins. After interference with PTTG1, the levels of smooth muscle pthenotypic switch markers smooth muscle protein 22 alpha (SM22-α) and osteopontin (OPN) were detected by qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. The binding of SP1 and PTTG1 was verified with dual-luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP). PTTG1 overexpression was found in AD patients. Interference with PTTG1 attenuated the proliferation and migration of PDGF-BB-stimulated HAVSMCs, in addition to their switching from contractile phenotype to synthetic phenotype. Transcription factor SP1 was up-regulated in PDGF-BB-stimulated HAVSMCs, combined with PTTG1 promoter sequence and regulated PTTG1 expression, whose overexpression reversed the effects of PTTG1 interference on cell proliferation, migration and phenotypic switching. SP1 transcriptional activation of PTTG1 activated MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. In conclusion, SP1 transcriptional activation of PTTG1 regulates the migration and phenotypic transformation of HAVSMCs in AD by MAPK Signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangjia Hu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515000, China
| | - Weixing Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515000, China
| | - Nianling Xiong
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515000, China.
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Cheng G, Liu X, Li P, Li Y. Down-regulation of PTTG1 suppresses PDGF-BB-induced proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix production of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Pan Q, Wang L, Liu Y, Li M, Zhang Y, Peng W, Deng T, Peng ML, Jiang JQ, Tang J, Wang J, Duan HX, Fan SS. Knockdown of POLQ interferes the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:482. [PMID: 34517891 PMCID: PMC8436534 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA Polymerase Theta (POLQ) is a DNA polymerase involved in error-prone translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and error-prone repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), whose function in hepatocellular carcinoma has not been investigated. Methods In the present study, both the data collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and our group’s results showed higher POLQ expression in HCC tissues than the para-cancerous tissues, which was associated with higher malignancy and poor prognosis. POLQ knockdown HCC cell model (shPOLQ) was constructed along with the corresponding negative control (shCtrl) through lentivirus infection for loss-of-function study. Results We found that, upon knockdown of POLQ, the proliferation and migration of HCC cells decreased and apoptosis percentage increased. Moreover, the percentage of cells in G2 phase significantly increased in shPOLQ group compared with shCtrl group. Xenografts in mice grafted with shPOLQ cells grew much slower than that transplanted with shCtrl cells, and expressed lower Ki67 level. Furthermore, an apoptosis-related signaling array was used to explore the involvement of downstream signaling pathways, suggesting the enhanced phosphorylation of HSP27 and JNK, and the de-activation of mTOR, PRAS40, ERK1/2 and STAT3 pathways. Conclusions Collectively, our study revealed that POLQ may participate in the development of HCC, depletion of which may be a promising treatment strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Min Li
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Tan Deng
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Mei-Ling Peng
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Qiong Jiang
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Tang
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Hua-Xin Duan
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Sha-Sha Fan
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
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An J, Yao W, Tang W, Jiang J, Shang Y. Hormesis Effect of Methyl Triclosan on Cell Proliferation and Migration in Human Hepatocyte L02 Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18904-18913. [PMID: 34337230 PMCID: PMC8320140 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Methyl triclosan (mTCS) is a methylated derivative of triclosan (TCS), which is extensively used as an antimicrobial component of various nursing products and disinfectants. Current research studies of mTCS mainly focused on the environmental persistence and bioaccumulation potential. Knowledge regarding the toxicity and carcinogenicity of mTCS is limited until now. In this study, the human hepatocyte L02 cells were used to investigate the cellular effects of mTCS under different concentrations (0.1-60 μM). The hormesis effect was observed where a low dose of mTCS (≤5 μM) exposure stimulated the cell proliferation ability, while high-dose exposure (≥20 μM) inhibited cell proliferation. In the same time, low doses of mTCS (0.5 and 1 μM) induced enhanced anchorage-independent proliferation ability and cell migration ability, indicating a positive effect on malignant transformation in L02 cells. Moreover, reactive oxygen species productions were significantly increased after mTCS exposure (≥1 μM), as compared with the control group. Furthermore, expressions of tumor-related genes, mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and proto-oncogene MYC (c-Myc), Jun, and FosB were significantly upregulated, while no significant changes were observed on expressions of apoptosis-related and cell cycle-related genes in L02 cells after exposure of low-dose mTCS. In conclusion, these results indicated that a low dose of mTCS had a hormesis effect in L02 cells on cell proliferation and malignant transformation in vitro, which might be mediated through oxidative stress response.
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Zhou W, Fang D, He Y, Wei J. Correlation analysis of tumor mutation burden of hepatocellular carcinoma based on data mining. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:1117-1131. [PMID: 34295561 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between tumor mutation burden (TMB) and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to explore the differential expression of genes in HCC by TMB and the relationship between immune cells, TMB, and HCC. Methods Somatic variation data, gene transcriptional expression data and clinical information of patients with HCC were obtained from cancer genome map (TCGA) database. Analyze the characteristics of the gene mutation data of the sample, divide the high and low TMB groups and draw the survival curve at the same time, carry on the difference analysis to the gene of TMB, further carry on the univariate Cox regression analysis and Lasso regression analysis and construct the clinical model. Download the dataset GSE14520, from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to verify the genes of the prognostic model. The differential genes were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes by (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Then the relative abundance of 22 immune cell types in HCC and normal control samples was calculated. Finally, the correlation between the scores of immune cells and Risk model was analyzed. Results Tumor protein p53 (TP53), catenin1 (CTNNB1), titin (TTN), mucin 16 (MUC16), and albumin (ALB) are the most common top 5 mutations in HCC. The prognosis of high level TMB group is worse than that of low TMB group. A total of 122 differentially expressed genes were screened by differential analysis of TMB genes. SQSTM1, ME1, BAMBI and PTTG1 are independent risk factors for poor prognosis of HCC. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the differential genes were mainly in extracellular matrix and immune response. There were significant differences in the distribution of Macrophages M0 and T cells CD4 native cells between HCC and normal tissues, which were correlated with the differential genes of TMB and correlated with prognosis. Conclusions There is a negative correlation between TMB and the prognosis of patients with HCC. TMB has an effect on the differential expression of genes in HCC cells and the distribution of immune cells in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Baise People's Hospital, Baise, China
| | - Dalang Fang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yongfei He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Hematology, Baise People's Hospital, Baise, China
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Hong H, Jin Z, Qian T, Xu X, Zhu X, Fei Q, Yang J, Sui C, Xu M. Falcarindiol Enhances Cisplatin Chemosensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Down-Regulating the STAT3-Modulated PTTG1 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:656697. [PMID: 34025420 PMCID: PMC8138572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.656697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver malignancy globally and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Chemotherapy is one of the main methods in treating HCC, while recent studies have found that the resistance of HCC to chemotherapeutic drugs reduces the efficacy of the chemotherapy. Falcarindiol (FAD) is a cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory polyacetylenic oxylipin found in food plants of the carrot family (Apiaceae), while its role in HCC remains to be explored. Here, HCC cells (Huh7 and LM3) were treated with FAD at different doses. Cell proliferation was tested by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method and colony formation assay, while the apoptosis was monitored by flow cytometry. The profiles of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, bcl2, and Caspase-3), DNA repair proteins (Rad51, BRCA1, and MDC1), and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene 1 (PTTG1) were verified by western blot (WB) or quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The interaction between STAT3 and PTTG1 was verified by immunoprecipitation (IP). In addition, a xenograft tumor model was constructed in mice to explore the anti-tumor effects of FAD in vivo, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to count the number of Ki67-stained cells. As a result, FAD inhibited HCC cell proliferation and DNA repair, facilitated their apoptosis, and also enhanced cisplatin (DDP) chemosensitivity. The Combination Index (CI) evaluation showed that FAD and DDP had synergistic effects in repressing HCC cell proliferation. Besides, FAD dampened the STAT3/PTTG1 pathway expression. Further studies revealed that inhibiting STAT3 enhanced the inhibitive effect of FAD on HCC cells, whereas overexpressing PTTG1 attenuated the anti-tumor effect of FAD. Overall, our study illustrated that FAD is a potential anticancer drug and strengthens the chemosensitivity of HCC cells to DDP by inhibiting the STAT3/PTTG1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hong
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengkang Jin
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiang Fei
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiamei Yang
- Department of Special Treatment I and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjun Sui
- Department of Special Treatment I and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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21
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Lei Y, Xu X, Liu H, Chen L, Zhou H, Jiang J, Yang Y, Wu B. HBx induces hepatocellular carcinogenesis through ARRB1-mediated autophagy to drive the G 1/S cycle. Autophagy 2021; 17:4423-4441. [PMID: 33866937 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1917948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is involved in the process of hepatocellular carcinoma via the activation of various oncogenes. Our previous study indicated that ARBB1 (arrestin beta 1) promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis (HCC). However, the role of ARRB1 in HBx-related HCC remains unclear. Herein, we identified that ARRB1 was upregulated by HBx in vivo and in vitro. Arrb1 deficiency suppressed HBx-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis in several mouse models. Furthermore, knockdown of ARRB1 blocked HBx-induced macroautophagic/autophagic flux and disrupted the formation of autophagosomes. ARRB1 interacted with HBx, and the autophagic core protein MAP1LC3/LC3, a scaffolding protein, was essential for complete autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine or interference of ATG5 or ATG7 attenuated HBx-induced cell cycle acceleration and the subsequent proliferative response via the induction of G1/S arrest. The absence of autophagy abolished the phosphorylation of CDK2 and the activity of the CDK2-CCNE1 complex. Our results demonstrate that ARRB1 plays a critical role in HBV-related HCC via modulating autophagy and the CDKN1B-CDK2-CCNE1-E2F1 axis and indicate that ARRB1 may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lingjun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haoxiong Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yidong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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22
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Gui Y, Liu X, Wang C, Yang P. Overexpressing PTTG family genes predict poor prognosis in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:111. [PMID: 33845847 PMCID: PMC8042860 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pituitary tumor transforming genes (PTTG1, PTTG2, and PTTG3P) play key roles in the pathogenesis and development of human cancers. The studies show that overexpression of the PTTG genes is associated with tumor progression and migration. However, the function of the PTTG genes in the prognostic value of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma is rarely known by people. Methods The expression of PTTG family genes was analyzed by the ONCOMINE, Human Protein Atlas, GEPIA2, and UALCAN database. The relationship between PTTG family genes expression level and clinical indicators including prognostic data in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma was analyzed by GEPIA2, TCGA portal, and UALCAN. cBioPortal database was used to analyze the genetic mutations of differentially expressed PTTG family members. Similar genes of the PTTG family (90 in total) obtained from GEPIA2 and Metascape were used for GO enrichment to explore the interaction among similar genes. The online tools of Metascape and STRING were used for functional and pathway enrichment analysis. Results PTTG1, 2, and 3P mRNA and protein expression upregulated in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma kidney renal clear cell carcinoma patients compared with normal tissues. And higher expression level of PTTG family genes was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Furthermore, overexpression of the PTTG family genes had been found correlated with individual cancer stages and pathological tumor grades. In addition, 18% of mutations in the PTTG family genes were associated with short-term survival in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma patients. Conclusions A single PTTG gene or PTTG family genes as a whole may be a potential prognostic biomarker for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Gui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xueni Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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23
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Gubernatorova EO, Polinova AI, Petropavlovskiy MM, Namakanova OA, Medvedovskaya AD, Zvartsev RV, Telegin GB, Drutskaya MS, Nedospasov SA. Dual Role of TNF and LTα in Carcinogenesis as Implicated by Studies in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1775. [PMID: 33917839 PMCID: PMC8068266 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin alpha (LTα) are two related cytokines from the TNF superfamily, yet they mediate their functions in soluble and membrane-bound forms via overlapping, as well as distinct, molecular pathways. Their genes are encoded within the major histocompatibility complex class III cluster in close proximity to each other. TNF is involved in host defense, maintenance of lymphoid tissues, regulation of cell death and survival, and antiviral and antibacterial responses. LTα, known for some time as TNFβ, has pleiotropic functions including control of lymphoid tissue development and homeostasis cross talk between lymphocytes and their environment, as well as lymphoid tissue neogenesis with formation of lymphoid follicles outside the lymph nodes. Along with their homeostatic functions, deregulation of these two cytokines may be associated with initiation and progression of chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge concerning TNF/LTα functions in tumor promotion and suppression, with the focus on the recently uncovered significance of host-microbiota interplay in cancer development that may explain some earlier controversial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina O. Gubernatorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Almina I. Polinova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail M. Petropavlovskiy
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Namakanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra D. Medvedovskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ruslan V. Zvartsev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgij B. Telegin
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh, RAS), 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Marina S. Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, 354340 Krasnodarsky Krai, Russia
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Huang S, Liao Q, Li W, Deng G, Jia M, Fang Q, Ji H, Meng M. The lncRNA PTTG3P promotes the progression of CRPC via upregulating PTTG1. Bull Cancer 2021; 108:359-368. [PMID: 33743960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of certain long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) promotes the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The significance and potential role of the lncRNA designated pituitary tumour-transforming 3, pseudogene (PTTG3P) in CRPC is unknown. METHODS We detected PTTG3P expression by qPCR. Upregulated PTTG3P expression was performed to explore the role of PTTG3P in PCa cells resistant to ADT (androgen deprivation therapy). The relationship among PTTG3P, mir-146a-3p and PTTG1 were validated by qPCR, western blot and luciferase assay. RESULTS PTTG3P levels were significantly increased in the androgen-independent PC cell lines, as well as in CRPC tissues compared with those of the androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and tumour tissues of patients with hormone-naive prostate cancers. Enforced expression of PTTG3P in androgen-deprived LNCaP cells significantly enhanced survival, clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity. Further, PTTG3P acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA, natural miRNA sponge) to upregulate PTTG1 expression by competing for mir-146a-3p in the progression to CRPC. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that PTTG3P promotes the resistance of prostate cancer cells to androgen-deprivation therapy via upregulating PTTG1. PTTG3P may therefore represent a potential target for therapy of CRPC.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Androgen Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Anilides/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Binding, Competitive
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Nitriles/therapeutic use
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- Pseudogenes
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Securin/biosynthesis
- Securin/genetics
- Tosyl Compounds/therapeutic use
- Tumor Stem Cell Assay
- Up-Regulation
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengquan Huang
- Chongqing medical university, The third affiliated hospital (General Hospital), Department of urology, 401120 Chongqing, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Chongqing north KuanRen hospital, 400000 Chongqing, China
| | - Weibing Li
- Chongqing medical university, The third affiliated hospital (General Hospital), Department of urology, 401120 Chongqing, China
| | - Guoxian Deng
- Chongqing medical university, The third affiliated hospital (General Hospital), Department of urology, 401120 Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Chongqing medical university, The third affiliated hospital (General Hospital), Department of urology, 401120 Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Fang
- Chongqing medical university, The third affiliated hospital (General Hospital), Department of urology, 401120 Chongqing, China
| | - Huixiang Ji
- Chongqing medical university, The third affiliated hospital (General Hospital), Department of urology, 401120 Chongqing, China.
| | - Mingsen Meng
- Chongqing medical university, The third affiliated hospital (General Hospital), Department of urology, 401120 Chongqing, China.
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Zhang H, Liu R, Sun L, Guo W, Ji X, Hu X. Comprehensive Analysis of Gene Expression Changes and Validation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1021-1031. [PMID: 33623390 PMCID: PMC7894825 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s294500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to analyze the involvement of hub genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Four series were used in this study: GSE45267, GSE84402, and GSE101685 from GPL570 platform in the Gene Expression Omnibus and the other from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The gene audition was completed using R software and Venn diagrams. The outcome, Gene Ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes preliminary analyses of differentially expressed genes were performed using the R software. A string image was obtained using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. The protein–protein interaction network was examined using Cytoscape software. The corrplot package was used to analyze the correlation of genes. Human Protein Atlas was used to confirm the protein levels. Univariate Cox regression was used to analyze whether these genes were related to survival. UALCAN was used to confirm the effect of these genes on patient survival. Results A total of 107 differentially expressed genes from 491 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 119 normal individuals were selected in this study. Cytoscape revealed 25 central nodes from the 107 genes. CCNB1, CDK1, CCNA2, PTTG1, and CDC20 were selected based on the cell cycle pathway. A significant correlation was found among the 6 DEGs. The transcription levels and protein levels of these genes were verified in cells and human tissue samples. The overall survival for these genes was analyzed using univariate Cox regression and UALCAN. Conclusion CCNB1, CDK1, CDC20, PTTG1, CCNA2, and TTK were overexpressed and correlated in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and tumors. The results might help explore the prognosis and diagnostic markers of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Renzheng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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26
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Mercogliano MF, Bruni S, Mauro F, Elizalde PV, Schillaci R. Harnessing Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha to Achieve Effective Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030564. [PMID: 33540543 PMCID: PMC7985780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pleiotropic cytokine known to have contradictory roles in oncoimmunology. Indeed, TNFα has a central role in the onset of the immune response, inducing both activation and the effector function of macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and B and T lymphocytes. Within the tumor microenvironment, however, TNFα is one of the main mediators of cancer-related inflammation. It is involved in the recruitment and differentiation of immune suppressor cells, leading to evasion of tumor immune surveillance. These characteristics turn TNFα into an attractive target to overcome therapy resistance and tackle cancer. This review focuses on the diverse molecular mechanisms that place TNFα as a source of resistance to immunotherapy such as monoclonal antibodies against cancer cells or immune checkpoints and adoptive cell therapy. We also expose the benefits of TNFα blocking strategies in combination with immunotherapy to improve the antitumor effect and prevent or treat adverse immune-related effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Mercogliano
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica de Proteínas, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
| | - Sofía Bruni
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (S.B.); (F.M.); (P.V.E.)
| | - Florencia Mauro
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (S.B.); (F.M.); (P.V.E.)
| | - Patricia Virginia Elizalde
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (S.B.); (F.M.); (P.V.E.)
| | - Roxana Schillaci
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (S.B.); (F.M.); (P.V.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-11-4783-2869; Fax: +54-11-4786-2564
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27
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Grzechowiak I, Graś J, Szymańska D, Biernacka M, Guglas K, Poter P, Mackiewicz A, Kolenda T. The Oncogenic Roles of PTTG1 and PTTG2 Genes and Pseudogene PTTG3P in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10080606. [PMID: 32824814 PMCID: PMC7459614 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are a group of heterogeneous diseases that occur in the mouth, pharynx and larynx and are characterized by poor prognosis. A low overall survival rate leads to a need to develop biomarkers for early head and neck squamous cell carcinomas detection, accurate prognosis and appropriate selection of therapy. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the biological role of the PTTG3P pseudogene and associated genes PTTG1 and PTTG2 and their potential use as biomarkers. Methods: Based on TCGA data and the UALCAN database, PTTG3P, PTTG1 and PTTG2 expression profiles and clinicopathological features with TP53 gene status as well as expression levels of correlated genes were analyzed in patients’ tissue samples. The selected genes were classified according to their biological function using the PANTHER tool. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis software was used for functional enrichment analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 5. Results: In head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, significant up-regulation of the PTTG3P pseudogene, PTTG1 and PTTG2 genes’ expression between normal and cancer samples were observed. Moreover, the expression of PTTG3P, PTTG1 and PTTG2 depends on the type of mutation in TP53 gene, and they correlate with genes from p53 pathway. PTTG3P expression was significantly correlated with PTTG1 as well as PTTG2, as was PTTG1 expression with PTTG2. Significant differences between expression levels of PTTG3P, PTTG1 and PTTG2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas patients were also observed in clinicopathological contexts. The contexts taken into consideration included: T-stage for PTTG3P; grade for PTTG3, PTTG1 and PTTG2; perineural invasion and lymph node neck dissection for PTTG1 and HPV p16 status for PTTG3P, PTTG1 and PTTG2. A significantly longer disease-free survival for patients with low expressions of PTTG3P and PTTG2, as compared to high expression groups, was also observed. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicated that the PTTG3 high-expressing group of patients have the most deregulated genes connected with DNA repair, oxidative phosphorylation and peroxisome pathways. For PTTG1, altered genes are from DNA repair groups, Myc targets, E2F targets and oxidative phosphorylation pathways, while for PTTG2, changes in E2F targets, G2M checkpoints and oxidative phosphorylation pathways are indicated. Conclusions: PTTG3P and PTTG2 can be used as a prognostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas diagnostics. Moreover, patients with high expressions of PTTG3P, PTTG1 or PTTG2 have worse outcomes due to upregulation of oncogenic pathways and more aggressive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Grzechowiak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (I.G.); (J.G.); (D.S.); (M.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Justyna Graś
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (I.G.); (J.G.); (D.S.); (M.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Dominika Szymańska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (I.G.); (J.G.); (D.S.); (M.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Martyna Biernacka
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (I.G.); (J.G.); (D.S.); (M.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Kacper Guglas
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 61 Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Poter
- Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Greater Poland Cancer Center, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 1 Unii Lubelskiej Street, 71-242 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (I.G.); (J.G.); (D.S.); (M.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kolenda
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (I.G.); (J.G.); (D.S.); (M.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Suppression of PTTG1 inhibits cell angiogenesis, migration and invasion in glioma cells. Med Oncol 2020; 37:73. [PMID: 32725378 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-020-01398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) has been identified as an oncogene and is overexpressed in many tumor types. However, the role of PTTG1 in glioblastoma (GBM) has not been well characterized, especially in relation to angiogenesis, migration, and invasion. In the present study, our results showed that the expression of PTTG1 was significantly higher in patients with GBM. Bioinformatic analysis showed that angiogenesis and the cell migration-related process were increased in patients with high PTTG1 expression levels; meanwhile, PTTG1 was positively correlated with marker genes of angiogenesis, migration and the evasion of apoptosis. In vitro assays showed that PTTG1 knockdown dramatically suppressed angiogenesis, migration and invasion, and increased the apoptosis of GBM cells. Moreover, our results also showed that silencing PTTG1 suppressed the activity of the TGF-β/PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, which induced tumor deterioration in multiple organs. Overall, our findings indicate that PTTG1 is a glioma malignant factor that promotes angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and the evasion of apoptosis, and these roles may be related to the TGF-β/PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Thus, the targeted inhibition of PTTG1 might be a novel therapeutic strategy and a potential diagnostic biomarker for GBM-targeted therapies.
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A twenty gene-based gene set variation score reflects the pathological progression from cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11157-11169. [PMID: 31811111 PMCID: PMC6932912 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of the pathological progression from cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. In the present study, tissue samples from normal liver, cirrhosis and HCC were subjected to differentially gene expression analysis, weighted gene correlation network analysis to identify the twenty hub genes (TOP2A, CDC20, PTTG1, CDCA5, CCNB2, PRC1, KIF20A, SF3B4, HSP90AB1, FOXD2, PLOD3, CCT3, SETDB1, VPS45, SPDL1, RACGAP1, MED24, KIAA0101, ZNF282, and USP21) in the pathological progression from cirrhosis to HCC. Each sample was calculated a hub gene set variation analysis (HGSVA) score using Gene Set Variation Analysis, The HGSVA score significantly increased with progression from cirrhosis to HCC, and this result was validated in two independent data sets. Moreover, this score may be used as a blood-based marker for HCC and is an independent prognostic factor of recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). High expression of the hub genes may be driven by hypomethylation. The twenty gene-based gene set variation score may reflect the pathological progression from cirrhosis to HCC and is an independent prognostic factor for both OS and RFS.
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Lin X, Yang Y, Guo Y, Liu H, Jiang J, Zheng F, Wu B. PTTG1 is involved in TNF-α-related hepatocellular carcinoma via the induction of c-myc. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5702-5715. [PMID: 31385458 PMCID: PMC6745867 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant disease caused by a variety of factors. However, the genomic and molecular aberrations in HCC are largely unknown. Herein, pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) was discovered as a potential inflammation‐related oncogene in HCC, and its functions and molecular mechanisms were investigated. mRNA expression microarray, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and western blotting analyses revealed that PTTG1 is upregulated in HCC. Further in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) induces PTTG1 expression, and PTTG1 was found to upregulate c‐myc, a well‐known oncogene. Downregulation of PTTG1 reduced c‐myc and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and inhibited cell proliferation. Interestingly, inhibition of c‐myc by 10058‐F4 did not affect PTTG1, which suggests that PTTG1 regulates c‐myc expression. Furthermore, PTTG1 expression levels are inversely correlated with HCC patient survival, indicating an independent prognostic biomarker for patients with HCC. Our data demonstrate that PTTG1 is involved in TNF‐α‐related HCC via c‐myc induction and that PTTG1 may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyi Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yidong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunwei Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengping Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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