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Gebreyesus LH, Choi S, Neequaye P, Mahmoud M, Mahmoud M, Ofosu-Boateng M, Twum E, Nnamani DO, Wang L, Yadak N, Ghosh S, Gonzalez FJ, Gyamfi MA. Pregnane X receptor knockout mitigates weight gain and hepatic metabolic dysregulation in female C57BL/6 J mice on a long-term high-fat diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116341. [PMID: 38428309 PMCID: PMC10983615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases. However, pre-menopausal females are protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its adverse effects. The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor, promotes short-term obesity-associated liver disease only in male mice but not in females. Therefore, the current study investigated the metabolic and pathophysiological effects of a long-term 52-week HFD in female wild-type (WT) and PXR-KO mice and characterized the PXR-dependent molecular pathways involved. After 52 weeks of HFD ingestion, the body and liver weights and several markers of hepatotoxicity were significantly higher in WT mice than in their PXR-KO counterparts. The HFD-induced liver injury in WT female mice was also associated with upregulation of the hepatic mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg), its target genes, fat-specific protein 27 (Fsp27), and the liver-specific Fsp27b involved in lipid accumulation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Notably, PXR-KO mice displayed elevated hepatic Cyp2a5 (anti-obesity gene), aldo-keto reductase 1b7 (Akr1b7), glutathione-S-transferase M3 (Gstm3) (antioxidant gene), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels, contributing to protection against long-term HFD-induced obesity and inflammation. RNA sequencing analysis revealed a general blunting of the transcriptomic response to HFD in PXR-KO compared to WT mice. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated enrichment by HFD for several pathways, including oxidative stress and redox pathway, cholesterol biosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in WT but not PXR-KO mice. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which PXR deficiency protects against long-term HFD-induced severe obesity and its adverse effects in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidya H Gebreyesus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sora Choi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Prince Neequaye
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Mattia Mahmoud
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Mia Mahmoud
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Malvin Ofosu-Boateng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Elizabeth Twum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Daniel O Nnamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Lijin Wang
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore
| | - Nour Yadak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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Ofosu-Boateng M, Shaik F, Choi S, Ekuban FA, Gebreyesus LH, Twum E, Nnamani DO, Yeyeodu ST, Yadak N, Collier DM, Gyamfi MA. High-fat diet induced obesity promotes inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatotoxicity in female FVB/N mice. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38183321 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Although obesity and subsequent liver injury are increasingly prevalent in women, female mouse models have generally shown resistance to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We evaluated control and HFD-fed male and female FVB/N mice, a strain well-suited to transgenic analyses, for phenotypic, histological, and molecular markers related to control of glucose, lipids, and inflammation in serum, liver, and perigonadal white adipose tissues. Unlike many mouse models, HFD-fed FVB/N females gained more perigonadal and mesenteric fat mass and overall body weight than their male counterparts, with increased hepatic expression of lipogenic PPARγ target genes (Cd36, Fsp27, and Fsp27β), oxidative stress genes and protein (Nqo1 and CYP2E1), inflammatory gene (Mip-2), and the pro-fibrotic gene Pai-1, along with increases in malondialdehyde and serum ALT levels. Further, inherent to females (independently of HFD), hepatic antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1, HO-1) protein levels were reduced compared to their male counterparts. In contrast, males may have been relatively protected from HFD-induced oxidative stress and liver injury by elevated mRNA and protein levels of hepatic antioxidants BHMT and Gpx2, increased fatty acid oxidation genes in liver and adipocytes (Pparδ), despite disorganized and inflamed adipocytes. Thus, female FVB/N mice offer a valuable preclinical, genetically malleable model that recapitulates many of the features of diet-induced obesity and liver damage observed in human females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvin Ofosu-Boateng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fathima Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sora Choi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Frederick A Ekuban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lidya H Gebreyesus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elizabeth Twum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel O Nnamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susan T Yeyeodu
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Charles River Discovery Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nour Yadak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel M Collier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Kim S, Choi S, Dutta M, Asubonteng JO, Polunas M, Goedken M, Gonzalez FJ, Cui JY, Gyamfi MA. Pregnane X receptor exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease accompanied by obesity- and inflammation-prone gut microbiome signature. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114698. [PMID: 34303710 PMCID: PMC9135326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease due to the current epidemics of obesity and diabetes. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor known for trans-activating liver genes involved in drug metabolism and transport, and more recently implicated in energy metabolism. The gut microbiota can modulate the host xenobiotic biotransformation and contribute to the development of obesity. While the male sex confers a higher risk for NAFLD than women before menopause, the mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesized that the presence of PXR promotes obesity by modifying the gut-liver axis in a sex-specific manner. Male and female C57BL/6 (wild-type/WT) and PXR-knockout (PXR-KO) mice were fed control or high-fat diet (HFD) for 16-weeks. Serum parameters, liver histopathology, transcriptomic profiling, 16S-rDNA sequencing, and bile acid (BA) metabolomics were performed. PXR enhanced HFD-induced weight gain, hepatic steatosis and inflammation especially in males, accompanied by PXR-dependent up-regulation in hepatic genes involved in microbial response, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer; PXR-dependent increase in intestinal Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio (hallmark of obesity) and the pro-inflammatory Lactobacillus, as well as a decrease in the anti-obese Allobaculum and the anti-inflammatory Bifidobacterum, with a PXR-dependent reduction of beneficial BAs in liver. The resistance to NAFLD in females may be explained by PXR-dependent decrease in pro-inflammatory bacteria (Ruminococcus gnavus and Peptococcaceae). In conclusion, PXR exacerbates hepatic steatosis and inflammation accompanied by obesity- and inflammation-prone gut microbiome signature, suggesting that gut microbiome may contribute to PXR-mediated exacerbation of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sora Choi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey O Asubonteng
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marianne Polunas
- Office of Research and Economic Development, Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Office of Research and Economic Development, Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Niture S, Gyamfi MA, Lin M, Chimeh U, Dong X, Zheng W, Moore J, Kumar D. TNFAIP8 regulates autophagy, cell steatosis, and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:178. [PMID: 32152268 PMCID: PMC7062894 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) expression has been linked to tumor progression in various cancer types, but the detailed mechanisms of TNFAIP8 are not fully elucidated. Here we define the role of TNFAIP8 in early events associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Increased TNFAIP8 levels in HCC cells enhanced cell survival by blocking apoptosis, rendering HCC cells more resistant to the anticancer drugs, sorafenib and regorafenib. TNFAIP8 also induced autophagy and steatosis in liver cancer cells. Consistent with these observations, TNFAIP8 blocked AKT/mTOR signaling and showed direct interaction with ATG3-ATG7 proteins. TNFAIP8 also exhibited binding with fatty acids and modulated expression of lipid/fatty-acid metabolizing enzymes. Chronic feeding of mice with alcohol increased hepatic levels of TNFAIP8, autophagy, and steatosis but not in high-fat-fed obese mice. Similarly, higher TNFAIP8 expression was associated with steatotic livers of human patients with a history of alcohol use but not in steatotic patients with no history of alcohol use. Our data indicate a novel role of TNFAIP8 in modulation of drug resistance, autophagy, and hepatic steatosis, all key early events in HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryakant Niture
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Minghui Lin
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Uchechukwu Chimeh
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Xialan Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bio-manufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University Durham, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Weifan Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bio-manufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University Durham, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - John Moore
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University Durham, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
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Niture S, Gyamfi MA, Kumar D. Abstract 3455: TNFAIP8 increases drug resistance and steatosis in liver cancer by inducing autophagy. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α-inducible protein 8 (TNFAIP8) is a TNF-α inducible anti-apoptotic protein which facilitates tumor growth and progression in several cancers. The molecular mechanisms how TNFAIP8 modulates the progression of liver cancer remain elusive. The present study investigated the role of TNFAIP8 in the liver cancer cell growth, drug resistance/survival and cell steatosis. Tissue microarray data from patients demonstrated an increased expression of TNFAIP8 protein during development of different stages of liver cancer compared with normal liver tissues. To test the correlation between TNFAIP8 expression and liver cancer progression, we transiently/stably expressed TNFAIP8 protein in liver cancer cell lines. Expression of TNFAIP8 in liver cancer cells HepG2 and SK-Hep1 increased both cell growth/survival and drug resistance against anti-liver cancer drugs sorafenib and regorafenib by inhibition of apoptosis. In addition, TNFAIP8 knockdown sensitized tumor cell lines to sorafenib and regorafenib. Expression of TNFAIP8 modulates AKT/mTOR pathway and induced autophagy and thus increased drug resistance. Moreover, TNFAIP8 induced liver cancer cell steatosis by increasing the expression of L-FABP1, SCD1, ACC, and PPARγ proteins which involved in lipid synthesis. We also demonstrate that chronic EtOH induced steatosis in mice liver was associated with increased TNFAIP8 expression and autophagy suggesting that TNFAIP8 mediate EtOH induced steatosis. In addition, increased expression of TNFAIP8 and hepatic steatosis was observed in patients with a history of alcohol use compared with no history of alcohol use. Taken together our data suggested that TNFAIP8 increases drug resistance/survival, EtOH-induced cell steatosis and early liver cancer development by the induction of autophagy.
Citation Format: Suresh Niture, Maxwell A. Gyamfi, Deepak Kumar. TNFAIP8 increases drug resistance and steatosis in liver cancer by inducing autophagy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3455.
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Niture S, Gyamfi MA, Kedir H, Arthur E, Ressom H, Deep G, Kumar D. Serotonin induced hepatic steatosis is associated with modulation of autophagy and notch signaling pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:78. [PMID: 30409162 PMCID: PMC6225666 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Besides its neurotransmitter and vasoconstriction functions, serotonin is an important mediator of numerous biological processes in peripheral tissues including cell proliferation, steatosis, and fibrogenesis. Recent reports indicate that serotonin may promote tumor growth in liver cancer, however, the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. n this study, we investigated the role and molecular signaling mechanisms mediated by serotonin in liver cancer cell survival, drug resistance, and steatosis. Methods Effect of serotonin on modulation of cell survival/proliferation was determined by MTT/WST1 assay. Effect of serotonin on the regulation of autophagy biomarkers and lipid/fatty acid proteins expression, AKT/mTOR and Notch signaling was evaluated by immunoblotting. The role of serotonin in normal human hepatocytes and liver cancer cell steatosis was analyzed by Oil Red O staining. The mRNA expression levels of lipid/fatty acid proteins and serotonin receptors were validated by qRT-PCR. The important roles of autophagy, Notch signaling, serotonin receptors and serotonin re-uptake proteins on serotonin-mediated cell steatosis were investigated by using selective inhibitors or antagonists. The association of peripheral serotonin, autophagy, and hepatic steatosis was also investigated using chronic EtOH fed mouse model. Results Exposure of liver cancer cells to serotonin induced Notch signaling and autophagy, independent of AKT/mTOR pathway. Also, serotonin enhanced cancer cell proliferation/survival and drug resistance. Furthermore, serotonin treatment up-regulated the expression of lipogenic proteins and increased steatosis in liver cancer cells. Inhibition of autophagy or Notch signaling reduced serotonin-mediated cell steatosis. Treatment with serotonin receptor antagonists 5-HTr1B and 5-HTr2B reduced serotonin-mediated cell steatosis; in contrast, treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) increased steatosis. In addition, mice fed with chronic EtOH resulted in increased serum serotonin levels which were associated with the induction of hepatic steatosis and autophagy. Conclusions Serotonin regulates liver cancer cell steatosis, cells survival, and may promote liver carcinogenesis by activation of Notch signaling and autophagy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0282-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryakant Niture
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, 1801 Fayetteville St, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, 1801 Fayetteville St, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Habib Kedir
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, 1801 Fayetteville St, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Elena Arthur
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, 1801 Fayetteville St, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Habtom Ressom
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20008, USA
| | - Gagan Deep
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, 1801 Fayetteville St, Durham, NC, 27707, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA. .,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20008, USA.
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Choi S, Gyamfi AA, Neequaye P, Addo S, Gonzalez FJ, Gyamfi MA. Role of the pregnane X receptor in binge ethanol-induced steatosis and hepatotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:165-178. [PMID: 29431616 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.244665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor that defends against toxic agents. We have shown that PXR promotes chronic ethanol (EtOH)-induced steatosis. Therefore, we examined the role of PXR in binge EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity. Male wild type (WT) and Pxr-null mice were orally administered three binge doses of EtOH (4.5 g/kg, every 12 hours) and euthanized four hours after the final dose. Pxr-null mice displayed higher basal mRNA levels of hepatic lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (Srebp-1c) and its target stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1) and the lipid peroxide detoxifying aldo-keto reductase 1b7 (Akr1b7) and higher protein levels of EtOH-metabolizing alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1). In both genotypes, binge EtOH-induced triglyceride accumulation was associated with inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation and upregulation of Srebp-1c- regulated lipogenic genes and hepatic CYP2E1 protein. Unexpectedly, gene expression of Cyp2b10, a constitutive androstane receptor target gene, implicated in EtOH hepatotoxicity, was PXR-dependent upregulated by binge EtOH. Also, PXR-dependent was the binge EtOH-induced inhibition of hepatic Akr1b8 mRNA, and protein levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1A1 and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, but increased pro-apoptotic Bax protein expression, leading to increases in residual EtOH concentration and the cellular oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde. In contrast, Pxr-null mice displayed increased Akr1b7 gene and ADH1 protein expression and hypertriglyceridemia following binge EtOH exposure. Taken together, this study demonstrates that PXR ablation prevents EtOH induced upregulation of Cyp2b10 and that PXR potentiates binge EtOH-induced oxidative stress and inhibition of EtOH catabolism, but protects against alcoholic hyperlipidemia.
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Choi S, Neequaye P, French SW, Gonzalez FJ, Gyamfi MA. Pregnane X receptor promotes ethanol-induced hepatosteatosis in mice. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1-17. [PMID: 29123032 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.815217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor that modulates the metabolic response to drugs and toxic agents. Both PXR activation and deficiency promote hepatic triglyceride accumulation, a hallmark feature of alcoholic liver disease. However, the molecular mechanism of PXR-mediated activation of ethanol (EtOH)-induced steatosis is unclear. Here, using male wildtype (WT) and Pxr-null mice, we examined PXR-mediated regulation of chronic EtOH-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatotoxicity. EtOH ingestion for 8 weeks significantly (1.8-fold) up-regulated Pxr mRNA levels in WT mice. The EtOH exposure also increased mRNAs encoding hepatic constitutive androstane receptor (3-fold) and its target, Cyp2b10 (220-fold), in a PXR-dependent manner. Furthermore, WT mice had higher serum EtOH levels and developed hepatic steatosis characterized by micro- and macrovesicular lipid accumulation. Consistent with the development of steatosis, lipogenic gene induction was significantly increased in WT mice, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c target gene fatty-acid synthase (3.0-fold), early growth response-1 (3.2-fold), and TNFα (3.0-fold), whereas the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α target genes was suppressed. Of note, PXR deficiency suppressed these changes and steatosis. Protein levels, but not mRNAs levels, of EtOH-metabolizing enzymes, including alcohol dehydrogenase 1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1, and catalase, as well as the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, involved in regulating lipid output were higher in Pxr-null than in WT mice. These findings establish that PXR signaling contributes to ALD development and suggest that PXR antagonists may provide a new approach for ALD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Choi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707
| | - Prince Neequaye
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707.
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Spruiell K, Gyamfi AA, Yeyeodu ST, Richardson RM, Gonzalez FJ, Gyamfi MA. Pregnane X Receptor-Humanized Mice Recapitulate Gender Differences in Ethanol Metabolism but Not Hepatotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:459-70. [PMID: 26159875 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.224295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both human and rodent females are more susceptible to developing alcoholic liver disease following chronic ethanol (EtOH) ingestion. However, little is known about the relative effects of acute EtOH exposure on hepatotoxicity in female versus male mice. The nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2) is a broad-specificity sensor with species-specific responses to toxic agents. To examine the effects of the human PXR on acute EtOH toxicity, the responses of male and female PXR-humanized (hPXR) transgenic mice administered oral binge EtOH (4.5 g/kg) were analyzed. Basal differences were observed between hPXR males and females in which females expressed higher levels of two principal enzymes responsible for EtOH metabolism, alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, and two key mediators of hepatocyte replication and repair, cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. EtOH ingestion upregulated hepatic estrogen receptor α, cyclin D1, and CYP2E1 in both genders, but differentially altered lipid and EtOH metabolism. Consistent with higher basal levels of EtOH-metabolizing enzymes, blood EtOH was more rapidly cleared in hPXR females. These factors combined to provide greater protection against EtOH-induced liver injury in female hPXR mice, as revealed by markers for liver damage, lipid peroxidation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These results indicate that female hPXR mice are less susceptible to acute binge EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity than their male counterparts, due at least in part to the relative suppression of cellular stress and enhanced expression of enzymes involved in both EtOH metabolism and hepatocyte proliferation and repair in hPXR females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisstonia Spruiell
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (K.S., A.A.G., S.T.Y., R.M.R., M.A.G.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Afua A Gyamfi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (K.S., A.A.G., S.T.Y., R.M.R., M.A.G.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Susan T Yeyeodu
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (K.S., A.A.G., S.T.Y., R.M.R., M.A.G.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Ricardo M Richardson
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (K.S., A.A.G., S.T.Y., R.M.R., M.A.G.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (K.S., A.A.G., S.T.Y., R.M.R., M.A.G.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (K.S., A.A.G., S.T.Y., R.M.R., M.A.G.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
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Spruiell K, Jones DZ, Cullen JM, Awumey EM, Gonzalez FJ, Gyamfi MA. Role of human pregnane X receptor in high fat diet-induced obesity in pre-menopausal female mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 89:399-412. [PMID: 24721462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that is more prevalent among women. Until now, the only relevant rodent models of diet-induced obesity were via the use of ovariectomized ("postmenopausal") females. However, recent reports suggest that the xenobiotic nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) may contribute to obesity. Therefore, we compared the roles of mouse and human PXRs in diet-induced obesity between wild type (WT) and PXR-humanized (hPXR) transgenic female mice fed either control or high-fat diets (HFD) for 16 weeks. HFD-fed hPXR mice gained weight more rapidly than controls, exhibited hyperinsulinemia, and impaired glucose tolerance. Fundamental differences were observed between control-fed hPXR and WT females: hPXR mice possessed reduced estrogen receptor α (ERα) but enhanced uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) protein expression in white adipose tissue (WAT); increased protein expression of the hepatic cytochrome P450 3A11 (CYP3A11) and key gluconeogenic enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose 6-phosphatase, and increased total cholesterol. Interestingly, HFD ingestion induced both UCP1 and glucokinase protein expression in WT mice, but inhibited these enzymes in hPXR females. Unlike WT mice, CYP3A11 protein, serum 17β-estradiol levels, and WAT ERα expression were unaffected by HFD in hPXR females. Together, these studies indicate that the hPXR gene promotes obesity and metabolic syndrome by dysregulating lipid and glucose homeostasis while inhibiting UCP1 expression. Furthermore, our studies indicate that the human PXR suppresses the protective role of estrogen in metabolic disorders. Finally, these data identify PXR-humanized mice as a promising in vivo research model for studying obesity and diabetes in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisstonia Spruiell
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George St., Durham, NC 27707, USA; Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Dominique Z Jones
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George St., Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - John M Cullen
- North Carolina College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Emmanuel M Awumey
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George St., Durham, NC 27707, USA; Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George St., Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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Spruiell K, Richardson RM, Cullen JM, Awumey EM, Gonzalez FJ, Gyamfi MA. Role of pregnane X receptor in obesity and glucose homeostasis in male mice. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:3244-61. [PMID: 24362030 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.494575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical obesity is a complex metabolic disorder affecting one in three adults. Recent reports suggest that pregnane X receptor (PXR), a xenobiotic nuclear receptor important for defense against toxic agents and for eliminating drugs and other xenobiotics, may be involved in obesity. Noting differences in ligand specificities between human and mouse PXRs, the role of PXR in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity was examined using male PXR-humanized (hPXR) transgenic and PXR-knock-out (PXR-KO) mice in comparison to wild-type (WT) mice. After 16 weeks on either a control diet or HFD, WT mice showed greater weight gain, whereas PXR-KO mice gained less weight due to their resistance to HFD-induced decreases in adipose tissue peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and induction of hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, suggesting increased energy metabolism. Interestingly, control-fed PXR-KO mice exhibited hepatomegaly, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia but hypoadiponectinemia and lower adiponectin receptor R2 mRNA levels relative to WT mice. Evaluation of these biologic indicators in hPXR mice fed a control diet or HFD revealed further differences between the mouse and human receptors. Importantly, although HFD-fed hPXR mice were resistant to HFD-induced obesity, both PXR-KO and hPXR mice exhibited impaired induction of glucokinase involved in glucose utilization and displayed elevated fasting glucose levels and severely impaired glucose tolerance. Moreover, the basal hepatic levels of the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 were increased in hPXR mice compared with WT mice. Altogether, although the mouse PXR promotes HFD-induced obesity, the hPXR mouse carries a genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes and thus provides a model for exploring the role of human PXR in the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisstonia Spruiell
- From the Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707
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12
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Tanaka Y, Aleksunes LM, Yeager RL, Gyamfi MA, Esterly N, Guo GL, Klaassen CD. NF-E2-related factor 2 inhibits lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 325:655-64. [PMID: 18281592 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.135822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that is activated by oxidative stress and electrophiles that regulates the expression of numerous detoxifying and antioxidant genes. Previous studies have shown that Nrf2 protects the liver from xenobiotic toxicity; however, whether Nrf2 plays a role in lipid homeostasis in liver is not known. Accordingly, wild-type and Nrf2-null mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for up to 4 weeks. Hepatic gene expression and lipid profiles were analyzed for changes in fatty acid, triglyceride, and cholesterol status. It is interesting to note that HFD reduced the mRNA expression of Nrf2 and its target genes in wild-type mice. The mRNA expression of lipogenic and cholesterologenic transcriptional factors and their target genes, such as sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1c and 2, fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, fatty acid elongase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase and reductase, and low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA expression were higher in Nrf2-null mice compared with wild-type mice after feeding a HFD, suggesting that Nrf2 may suppress these pathways. Hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol levels were not different between genotypes, whereas concentrations of hepatic free fatty acid and malondialdehyde equivalents were higher in Nrf2-null mice compared with wild-type mice 4 weeks after HFD feeding. Overall, these results suggest that Nrf2 inhibits lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in mouse liver after feeding a HFD, probably by interfering with lipogenic and cholesterologenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160-7417, USA
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13
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Dai G, Chou N, He L, Gyamfi MA, Mendy AJ, Slitt AL, Klaassen CD, Wan YJY. Retinoid X receptor alpha Regulates the expression of glutathione s-transferase genes and modulates acetaminophen-glutathione conjugation in mouse liver. Mol Pharmacol 2005; 68:1590-6. [PMID: 16157696 DOI: 10.1124/mol.105.013680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors, including constitutive androstane receptor, pregnane X receptor, and retinoid X receptor (RXR), modulate acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity by regulating the expression of phase I cytochrome P450 (P450) genes. It has not been fully resolved, however, whether they regulate APAP detoxification at the phase II level. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of RXRalpha in phase II enzyme-mediated detoxification of APAP. Wild-type and hepatocyte-specific RXRalpha knockout mice were treated with a toxic dose of APAP (500 mg/kg i.p.). Mutant mice were protected from APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, even though basal liver glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly lower in mutant mice compared with those of wild-type mice. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of APAP metabolites revealed significantly greater levels of APAP-GSH conjugates in livers and bile of mutant mice compared with those of wild-type mice. Furthermore, hepatocyte RXRalpha deficiency altered the gene expression profile of the glutathione S-transferase (Gst) family. Basal expression of 13 of 15 Gst genes studied was altered in hepatocyte-specific RXRalpha-deficient mice. This probably led to enhanced APAP-GSH conjugation and reduced accumulation of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, a toxic electrophile that is produced by biotransformation of APAP by phase I P450 enzymes. In conclusion, the data presented in this study define an RXRalpha-Gst regulatory network that controls APAP-GSH conjugation. This report reveals a potential novel strategy to enhance the detoxification of APAP or other xenobiotics by manipulating Gst activity through RXRalpha-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66160-7417, USA
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Gyamfi MA, Hokama N, Oppong-Boachie K, Aniya Y. Inhibitory effects of the medicinal herb, Thonningia sanguinea, on liver drug metabolizing enzymes of rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2000; 19:623-31. [PMID: 11211240 DOI: 10.1191/096032700667732543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study we examined the effect of the aqueous extract of Thonningia sanguinea (T.S.) on 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD, CYP1A1), 7-pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD, CYP2B1/2), 7-methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MROD, CYP1A2), aniline hydroxylase (aniline, CYP2E1), p-nitrophenol hydroxylase (PNPH, CYP2E1) and erythromycin N-demethylase (ERDM, CYP3A1) in rat liver in vitro and in vivo. Although T.S. extract increased ERDM activity in induced rat liver microsomes, it showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect in vitro on other P450 monooxygenase activities particularly EROD and PROD, which are mediated primarily by CYP1A1 and CYP2B1/2, respectively. PROD, EROD and MROD activities were also decreased by 18%, 19% and 40%, respectively, in hepatic microsomes prepared from rats treated with T.S. extract for 3 days. Kinetic analysis of CYP activity of 3-methylchloranthrene-induced microsomes demonstrated that T.S. inhibited EROD and MROD activities by a noncompetitive and competitive mechanism, respectively. The analysis of alterations produced by T.S. on PROD kinetic parameters in phenobarbital-induced microsomes suggested that the inhibition is noncompetitive. Pretreatment of rats with T.S. prolonged pentobarbital and phenobarbital sleeping time; however, plasma phenobarbital concentration determined on awakening showed no significant difference between control and T.S.-treated rats. T.S. was also found to be a potent inhibitor of the liver cytosolic glutathione S-transferase. These data suggest that selective modulation of CYP isoenzymes by T.S. might contribute to protection of the liver from xenobiotic-induced intoxication or to alteration of the action of drug(s) concomitantly administered besides its antioxidative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gyamfi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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Ohtani II, Gotoh N, Tanaka J, Higa T, Gyamfi MA, Aniya Y. Thonningianins A and B, new antioxidants from the African medicinal herb Thonningia sanguinea. J Nat Prod 2000; 63:676-679. [PMID: 10843586 DOI: 10.1021/np990396w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two new ellagitannins, thonningianins A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from the African medicinal herb Thonningia sanguinea and their structures elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data. Both 1 and 2 showed strong free radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as shown by ESR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Ohtani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
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Aniya Y, Shimabukuro M, Shimoji M, Kohatsu M, Gyamfi MA, Miyagi C, Kunii D, Takayama F, Egashira T. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective actions of the medicinal herb Artemisia campestris from the Okinawa Islands. Biol Pharm Bull 2000; 23:309-12. [PMID: 10726884 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.23.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant action of Artemisia campestris was examined in vitro and in vivo. A water extract of A. campestris showed a strong scavenging action of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. When the extract was given intraperitoneally to mice prior to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment, CCl4-induced liver toxicity, as seen by an elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, was significantly reduced. Depression of the elevation of serum enzyme levels after CCl4-treatment was also observed by oral administration of the extract. In that case, CCl4-derived lipid peroxidation in the liver was decreased by the extract treatment. These results suggest that the extract of A. campestris scavenges radicals formed by CCl4 treatment resulting in protection against CCl4-induced liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Aniya
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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Gyamfi MA, Yonamine M, Aniya Y. Free-radical scavenging action of medicinal herbs from Ghana: Thonningia sanguinea on experimentally-induced liver injuries. Gen Pharmacol 1999; 32:661-7. [PMID: 10401991 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-3623(98)00238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant action of medicinal herbs used in Ghana for treating various ailments was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Five plants, Desmodium adscendens, Indigofera arrecta, Trema occidentalis, Caparis erythrocarpus, and Thonningia sanguinea were tested for their free radical scavenging action by their interaction with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Of these five plants, only Thonningia sanguinea was found to scavenge the DPPH radical. Lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes induced by H2O2 was also inhibited by T. sanguinea. The hepatoprotective effect of T. sanguinea was studied on acute hepatitis induced in rats by a single dose of galactosamine (GalN, 400 mg/kg, IP) and in mice by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4, 25 microl/kg, IP). GalN induced hepatotoxicity in rats as evidenced by an increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glutathione (GSH) S-transferase activities in serum was significantly inhibited when T. sanguinea extract (5 ml/kg, IP) was given to rats 12 hr and 1 hr before GalN treatment. The activity of liver microsomal GSH S-transferase, which is known to be activated by oxidative stress, was increased by the GaIN treatment and this increase was blocked by T. sanguinea pretreatment. Similarly, T. sanguinea pretreatment also inhibited CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. These data indicate that T. sanguinea is a potent antioxidant and can offer protection against GalN- or CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gyamfi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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Abstract
1. Thonningia sanguinea, a plant used prophylactically against bronchial asthma in Ghana was recently found to have antioxidative and hepatoprotective actions in our laboratory. 2. In this study, the effect of T. sanguinea extract on certain biochemical indices in serum and liver of Fischer 344 rats given a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose (1 mg/kg) of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was investigated. 3. Administration of AFB1 resulted in significant increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels and a significant decrease in aniline hydroxylase activity in liver microsomes. When T. sanguinea (5 ml/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to rats 12 h and 1 h before AFB1, liver injury was significantly reduced as seen in the decreased levels of serum ALT and serum GST. However, the decrease in aniline hydroxylase activity by AFB1 was not recovered but enhanced by T. sanguinea pre-treatment. 4. Kinetic analysis of cytochrome P450 activity of rat liver microsomes in vitro demonstrated that T. sanguinea inhibited aniline hydroxylase non-competitively suggesting depression of biotransformation of AFB1 to toxic metabolites. 5. The data indicate a hepatoprotective action of T. sanguinea against AFB1-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gyamfi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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