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Payervand N, Pakravan K, Razmara E, Vinu KK, Ghodsi S, Heshmati M, Babashah S. Exosomal circ_0084043 derived from colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes in vitro endothelial cell angiogenesis by regulating the miR-140-3p/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling axis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31584. [PMID: 38828320 PMCID: PMC11140710 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) hold potential as diagnostic markers for colorectal cancer (CRC); however, their functional mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. This work investigates the clinical implications of a unique set comprising six circRNAs derived from serum in CRC. Furthermore, we delve into the role of exosomal circ_0084043, originating from colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), with a specific focus on its contribution to endothelial cell angiogenesis. Methods The study analyzed circRNA levels in serum samples obtained from both CRC and control groups using qRT-PCR. Additionally, exosomes originating from colorectal CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) were purified and confirmed by electron microscopy and Western blotting techniques. The proangiogenic effects of CAF-derived exosomal circ_0084043 were assessed in endothelial cells through proliferation, migration, and in vitro capillary tube formation assays. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were employed to clarify the role of the circ_0084043/miR-140-3p/HIF-1α axis in endothelial cell angiogenesis, utilizing luciferase reporter assay, Western blotting, and ELISA for mechanism elucidation. Results The candidate circRNAs (circ_0060745, circ_001569, circ_007142, circ_0084043, Circ_BANP, and CiRS-7) exhibited notably elevated expression in CRC patient sera compared to the levels observed in healthy individuals. Except for CiRS-7, all circRNAs showed elevated expression in CRC patients with positive lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stages. Exosomes released by colorectal CAFs augmented endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis by upregulating VEGF expression and secretion. Circ_0084043 was highly detected in endothelial cells treated with CAF-derived exosomes. Silencing circ_0084043 reduced VEGFA expression and diminished CAF exosome-induced endothelial cell processes, indicating its pivotal role in angiogenesis. Circ_0084043 sponges miR-140-3p, regulating HIF-1α, and a reverse relationship was also identified between miR-140-3p and VEGFA in endothelial cells. Inhibiting miR-140-3p mitigated circ_0084043 knockdown effects in CAF exosome-treated endothelial cells. Co-transfection of si-circ_0084043 and a miR-140-3p inhibitor reversed the inhibited migration and angiogenesis caused by circ_0084043 knockdown in CAF exosome-treated endothelial cells. Inhibiting miR-140-3p rescued reduced VEGFA expression due to circ_0084043 knockdown in endothelial cells exposed to CAF-derived exosomes, indicating modulation of the circ_0084043/miR-140-3p/VEGF signaling in CAF-derived exosome-induced angiogenesis. Conclusions This study unveiled a distinctive signature of six serum-derived circular RNAs, indicating their potential as promising diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. Importantly, exosomal circ_0084043 originating from colorectal CAFs was identified as playing a crucial role in endothelial cell angiogenesis, exerting its influence through the modulation of the miR-140-3p/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Payervand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoon Pakravan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kailash Kumar Vinu
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Sara Ghodsi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Heshmati
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Zhu J, Wang L. The Role of lncRNA-miR-26a-mRNA Network in Cancer Progression and Treatment. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1443-1461. [PMID: 37730965 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of non-coding RNAs in regulating biological processes associated with cancer progression, such as proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, has been extensively studied. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a role in regulating these processes through various mechanisms, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications. In post-transcriptional regulation, lncRNAs can bind to specific miRNAs and affect their function, which can either promote or inhibit cancer development. The interaction between lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs forms a network known as competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), which is involved in cancer progression or inhibition. One specific miRNA called miR-26a-5p has been identified as having tumor-suppressive properties. However, when lncRNAs bind to and inhibit miR-26a-5p, it can lead to cancer progression. Therefore, targeting this ceRNA network could be a promising strategy for preventing cancer development. This review will first discuss the anticancer effects of miR-26a-5p and then explore the involvement of the lncRNA-miR26a-5p-mRNA axis in cancer progression and potential targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Daye People's Hospital, Daye, Hubei, 435100, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pengren Hospital, Daye, Hubei, 435100, China
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Cheng K, Chen H, Chen B, Li J, Fan C, Yan H, Huang W, Zhao T, Luo Y, Peng L. Hsa_circ_0101050 accelerates the progression of Colon cancer by targeting the miR-140-3 p/MELK axis. Transl Oncol 2024; 44:101890. [PMID: 38579527 PMCID: PMC11004704 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the progression of colon cancer (CC). This study aimed to examine the role of a new circRNA circ_0101050 in CC. METHODS Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation analyses were performed to validate the target relationships among maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), microRNA (miR)-140-3 p, and circ_0101050. Expression levels were calculated using western blotting and/or quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blotting was performed to evaluate the relative expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins to determine cell death. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays were performed to determine the proliferative potential of CC cells. The migration rate of CC cells was evaluated using wound healing assays. Tumor formation tests were performed to determine the effect of circ_0101050 on tumor development in vivo. RESULTS Elevated levels of circ_0101050 and MELK were observed in CC. By inhibiting circ 0,101,050 or MELK, CC cell proliferation and migration were inhibited, but CC cell apoptosis was promoted. Silencing circ_0101050 also inhibited CC growth in vivo. We also found that miR-140-3 p was downregulated, which alleviated the repressive effects of circ_0101050 knockdown on proliferating and migrating CC cells, as well as the stimulating effect on apoptosis. In addition, the absence of MELK alleviated the effects of miR-140-3 p downregulation, which enhanced CC cell malignancy. CONCLUSIONS Circ_0101050 exacerbates malignant phenotypes in CC by targeting the miR-140-3 p/MELK axis. These findings suggested that the circ_0101050/miR-140-3 p/MELK network may be a prospective target for CC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuoju Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Dazhou 635000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Dazhou 635000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Dazhou 635000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Dazhou 635000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Caibo Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Dazhou 635000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Huan Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Dazhou 635000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Dazhou 635000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Dazhou 635000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Dazhou 635000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Dazhou 635000, Sichuan, PR China.
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Zhong D, Wang Z, Ye Z, Wang Y, Cai X. Cancer-derived exosomes as novel biomarkers in metastatic gastrointestinal cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:67. [PMID: 38561768 PMCID: PMC10983767 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) is the most prevalent and highly metastatic malignant tumor and has a significant impact on mortality rates. Nevertheless, the swift advancement of contemporary technology has not seamlessly aligned with the evolution of detection methodologies, resulting in a deficit of innovative and efficient clinical assays for GIC. Given that exosomes are preferentially released by a myriad of cellular entities, predominantly originating from neoplastic cells, this confers exosomes with a composition enriched in cancer-specific constituents. Furthermore, exosomes exhibit ubiquitous presence across diverse biological fluids, endowing them with the inherent advantages of non-invasiveness, real-time monitoring, and tumor specificity. The unparalleled advantages inherent in exosomes render them as an ideal liquid biopsy biomarker for early diagnosis, prognosticating the potential development of GIC metastasis.In this review, we summarized the latest research progress and possible potential targets on cancer-derived exosomes (CDEs) in GIC with an emphasis on the mechanisms of exosome promoting cancer metastasis, highlighting the potential roles of CDEs as the biomarker and treatment in metastatic GIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zhichao Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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Si G, Chen X, Li Y, Yuan X. Exosomes promote pre-metastatic niche formation in colorectal cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27572. [PMID: 38509970 PMCID: PMC10950591 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high morbidity rate, a poor prognosis when metastasized, and a greatly shortened 5-year survival rate. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of tumor metastasis is still important. Based on the "seed and soil" theory, the concept of " premetastatic niche (PMN)" was introduced by Kaplan et al. The complex interaction between primary tumors and the metastatic organ provides a beneficial microenvironment for tumor cells to colonize at a distance. With further exploration of the PMN, exosomes have gradually attracted interest from researchers. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted from cells that include various biological information and are involved in communication between cells. As a key molecule in the PMN, exosomes are closely related to tumor metastasis. In this article, we obtained information by conducting a comprehensive search across academic databases including PubMed and Web of Science using relevant keywords. Only recent, peer-reviewed articles published in the English language were considered for inclusion. This study aims to explore in depth how exosomes promote the formation of pre-metastatic microenvironment (PMN) in colorectal cancer and its related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifei Si
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Yuquan Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Xuemin Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276000, China
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Yu M, Fan Y, Zhao Y, Tang Y. MicroRNA-140-3p inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer by targeting MDIG. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1521-1530. [PMID: 38009637 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with cancer progression. MiR-140-3p is a tumor suppressor. Nevertheless, its function in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. METHODS MiR-140-3p expression in NSCLC clinical specimens was examined using the TCGA database and real-time PCR. NSCLC cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated after the miRNA overexpression. Then, mineral dust-induced gene (MDIG) levels in NSCLC clinical specimens were monitored by real-time PCR and western blotting. Bioinformatics predicated the binding of miR-140-3p to MDIG, and their relationship was validated by luciferase reporter assay. The miR-140-3p/MDIG axis was further validated through rescue experiments. The involvement of STAT3 signaling in the actions of miR-140-3p/MDIG axis was investigated. RESULTS MiR-140-3p was decreased in NSCLC tissues and negatively correlated with MDIG expression. Additionally, it was also lower in high-grade specimens than in low-grade ones. MiR-140-3p restrained cell proliferation, facilitated apoptosis, and inhibited STAT3 signaling in NSCLC. Interestingly, MDIG was a target of this miRNA. Furthermore, MDIG upregulation abolished miR-140-3p's effect on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and STAT3 pathway in NSCLC cells. CONCLUSION MiR-140-3p restrained NSCLC development through the regulation of the STAT3 pathway by targeting MDIG. This axis may be a promising target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yueren Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yihang Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Wu M, Dong H, Xu C, Sun M, Gao H, Bu F, Chen J. The Wnt-dependent and Wnt-independent functions of BCL9 in development, tumorigenesis, and immunity: Implications in therapeutic opportunities. Genes Dis 2024; 11:701-710. [PMID: 37692512 PMCID: PMC10491870 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9) is considered a key developmental regulator and a well-established oncogenic driver in multiple cancer types, mainly through potentiating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. However, increasing evidences indicate that BCL9 also plays multiple Wnt-independent roles. Herein, we summarized the updates of the canonical and non-canonical functions of BCL9 in cellular, physiological, or pathological processes. Moreover, we also concluded that the targeted inhibitors disrupt the interaction of β-catenin with BCL9 reported recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Heng Dong
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Mengqing Sun
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Haojin Gao
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Fangtian Bu
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
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Zuo Q, Xu Q, Li Z, Luo D, Peng H, Duan Z. TRIM3 inhibits colorectal cancer cell migration and lipid droplet formation by promoting FABP4 degradation. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:239-250. [PMID: 37212515 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study is to investigate the regulation of TRIM3/FABP4 on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell migration and lipid metabolism. After transfection of HCT116, LoVo, or SW480 cells, the expression of FABP4, TRIM3, N-cadherin, Vimentin, E-cadherin, and lipid droplet (LD) formation-related genes was measured by qRT-PCR or western blot assays. Wound healing and Transwell assays were applied to detect CRC cell migration and invasion abilities. The levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were measured and the formation of LDs was observed. Additionally, the relationship between FABP4 and TRIM3 was confirmed by Co-IP and ubiquitination assays. Furthermore, a liver metastasis model of CRC was established to explore the effect of FABP4 on CRC tumor metastasis in vivo. FABP4 was upregulated in CRC cells. Downregulation of FABP4 or upregulation of TRIM3 resulted in repressed cell migration and invasion, decreased TG and TC levels, and reduced numbers of LDs. In nude mice, knockdown of FABP4 reduced metastatic nodules in the liver. Mechanistically, TRIM3 combined FABP4 and decreased its protein expression by ubiquitination. Overexpressed FABP4 reversed the influence of TRIM3 upregulation on CRC cell migration and LD formation. In conclusion, underexpressed TRIM3 suppressed FABP4 ubiquitination and accelerated CRC cell migration and LD formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zuo
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qimei Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Dixian Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hanwu Peng
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhi Duan
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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Cui W, Bai X, Bai Z, Chen F, Xu J, Bai W, Xi Y. Exploring the expression and clinical significance of the miR-140-3p-HOXA9 axis in colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:47. [PMID: 38285101 PMCID: PMC10824855 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the expression patterns and clinical significance of miR-140-3p and homeobox A9 (HOXA9) in colorectal cancer (CRC) selected by bioinformatic study, while elucidating their potential interplay. METHODS The microRNA expression profiles of paired colorectal cancer and matched normal tissues were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus Database. Differentially expressed microRNAs and microRNA candidates were filtered and subjected to further analysis. Clinicopathological data, along with paraffin-embedded samples of colorectal tumor tissues were collected to facilitate comprehensive analysis. Expression levels of miR-140-3p and HOXA9 were quantified using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Survival rates were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the COX regression model was utilized to identify independent prognostic factors that impact the overall prognosis. RESULTS MiR-140-3p was significantly downregulated in colorectal tumors compared to normal tissue, and HOXA9 was identified as a previously unreported potential downstream target. HOXA9 expression was elevated in tumors compared to normal tissues. Reduced miR-140-3p expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, while high HOXA9 expression correlated with both lymph node metastasis and lympho-vascular invasion. Patients with low miR-140-3p and high HOXA9 expression had a poorer prognosis. HOXA9 was identified as an independent risk factor for CRC patient survival. CONCLUSION The miR-140-3p-HOXA9 signaling disruption is closely linked to lymph node metastasis and unfavorable prognosis in CRC. This axis shows promise as a clinical biomarker for predicting the CRC patient survival and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cui
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueliang Bai
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Bai
- First Clinical Medical School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxin Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Bai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanfeng Xi
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Wu X, Gao H, Li F. hsa_circ_0037722 Drives Keloid Formation by Interacting with miR-140-3p and NR2F2. Crit Rev Immunol 2024; 44:17-29. [PMID: 37947069 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023050332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Keloids can invade normal skin tissues to lead to itching, pain, hemorrhaging and suppuration, thereby affecting the mental health of patients. circRNAs can participate in keloids formation, but the role of hsa_circ_0037722 in keloids is still unknown. The goal of our study was to reveal the role of hsa_circ_0037722 in keloids. The levels of hsa_circ_0037722, miR-140-3p and NR2F2 in keloids was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Cell experiments were applied to assess the effect of hsa_circ_0037722/miR-140-3p/NR2F2 axis on keloids formation. In addition, the correlation among hsa_circ_0037722, miR-140-3p and NR2F2 was confirmed by luciferase assay. hsa_circ_0037722 and NR2F2 were upregulated in keloids tissues and keloids fibroblasts, whereas miR-140-3p was downregulated in keloids tissues and keloids fibroblasts. The abilities of proliferation and metastasis of keloids fibroblasts were impaired by silencing hsa_circ_0037722. However, miR-140-3p inhibitor or NR2F2 overexpression could restore the inhibitory function of hsa_circ_0037722 knockdown in keloid fibroblasts due to their targeting relationship. Taken together, hsa_circ_0037722 can facilitate keloids formation by interacting with miR-140-3p to relieve the suppression of miR-140-3p for NR2F2. The findings of this study may provide a novel idea for developing molecular targeted therapies for keloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Hu Gao
- Wound Repair & Rehabilitation Center, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
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Hussen BM, Abdullah ST, Abdullah SR, Younis YM, Hidayat HJ, Rasul MF, Mohamadtahr S. Exosomal non-coding RNAs: Blueprint in colorectal cancer metastasis and therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:615-632. [PMID: 37767111 PMCID: PMC10520679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the world's third-most prevalent cancer, and metastatic CRC considerably increases cancer-related fatalities globally. A number of complex mechanisms that are strictly controlled at the molecular level are involved in metastasis, which is the primary reason for death in people with CRC. Recently, it has become clear that exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles released by non-tumorous and tumorigenic cells, play a critical role as communication mediators among tumor microenvironment (TME). To facilitate communication between the TME and cancer cells, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role and are recognized as potent regulators of gene expression and cellular processes, such as metastasis and drug resistance. NcRNAs are now recognized as potent regulators of gene expression and many hallmarks of cancer, including metastasis. Exosomal ncRNAs, like miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, have been demonstrated to influence a number of cellular mechanisms that contribute to CRC metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms that link exosomal ncRNAs with CRC metastasis are not well understood. This review highlights the essential roles that exosomal ncRNAs play in the progression of CRC metastatic disease and explores the therapeutic choices that are open to patients who have CRC metastases. However, exosomal ncRNA treatment strategy development is still in its early phases; consequently, additional investigation is required to improve delivery methods and find novel therapeutic targets as well as confirm the effectiveness and safety of these therapies in preclinical and clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Sara Tharwat Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Yousif Mohammed Younis
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Sayran Mohamadtahr
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
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12
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Jarak I, Isabel Santos A, Helena Pinto A, Domingues C, Silva I, Melo R, Veiga F, Figueiras A. Colorectal cancer cell exosome and cytoplasmic membrane for homotypic delivery of therapeutic molecules. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123456. [PMID: 37778515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of death in the world. The multi-drug resistance, especially in metastatic colorectal cancer, drives the development of new strategies that secure a positive outcome and reduce undesirable side effects. Nanotechnology has made an impact in addressing some pharmacokinetic and safety issues related to administration of free therapeutic agents. However, demands of managing complex biointerfacing require equally complex methods for introducing stimuli-responsive or targeting elements. In order to procure a more efficient solution to the overcoming of biological barriers, the physiological functions of cancer cell plasma and exosomal membranes provided the source of highly functionalized coatings. Biomimetic nanovehicles based on colorectal cancer (CRC) membranes imparted enhanced biological compatibility, immune escape and protection to diverse classes of therapeutic molecules. When loaded with therapeutic load or used as a coating for other therapeutic nanovehicles, they provide highly efficient and selective cell targeting and uptake. This review presents a detailed overview of the recent application of homotypic biomimetic nanovehicles in the management of CRC. We also address some of the current possibilities and challenges associated with the CRC membrane biomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jarak
- Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Santos
- Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Helena Pinto
- Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia Domingues
- Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Silva
- Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Melo
- Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Figueiras
- Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Coimbra, Portugal.
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13
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Wang M, Li Y, Yang X, Liu Z, Wang K, Gong D, Li J. Effects of metronidazole on colorectal cancer occurrence and colorectal cancer liver metastases by regulating Fusobacterium nucleatum in mice. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1067. [PMID: 38018574 PMCID: PMC10683560 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Metronidazole (MNZ) is exceedingly implicated in CRC. This study explored the roles of MNZ in mouse CRC occurrence and liver metastasis (CRLM). METHODS Male BALB/c nude mice were subjected to CRC and CRLM modeling, orally administration with MNZ (1 g/L) 1 week before modeling, and disease activity index (DAI) evaluation. Fresh stool and anal swab samples were collected on the morning of the 28th day after modeling. The relative expression of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) DNA was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. After euthanasia, tumor tissues and liver tissues were separated and the tumor volume and weight change were measured. The liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to quantitatively analyze the metastatic liver nodules. Malignant tumor biomarker Ki67 protein levels in liver tissues/DNA from stool samples were detected by immunohistochemistry/high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was performed on the raw sequence data to analyze microbial community richness (Chao1 index, ACE index) and microbial community diversity (Shannon index). RESULTS The DAI and F. nucleatum DNA relative expression in feces and anal swabs of the CRC and CRLM groups were raised and repressed after MNZ intervention. MNZ repressed tumor occurrence and growth in mice to a certain extent, alleviated CRLM malignant degree (reduced liver metastases and Ki67-positive cell density/number), and suppressed CRC liver metastasis by regulating intestinal flora structure, which affected the intestinal characteristic flora of CRC and CRLM mice. CONCLUSION MNZ suppressed CRC occurrence and CRLM in mice by regulating intestinal F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maijian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yong Li
- Department of OncologyGuizhou Provincial People's HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of PathologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Dengmei Gong
- Institute of Zoonoses, College of Public HealthZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Jida Li
- Institute of Zoonoses, College of Public HealthZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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14
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Szczepanek J, Tretyn A. MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation of Histone-Modifying Enzymes in Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1590. [PMID: 38002272 PMCID: PMC10669115 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, significant advances in molecular research have provided a deeper understanding of the intricate regulatory mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs, short non-coding RNA sequences, exert substantial influence on gene expression by repressing translation or inducing mRNA degradation. In the context of cancer, miRNA dysregulation is prevalent and closely associated with various stages of carcinogenesis, including initiation, progression, and metastasis. One crucial aspect of the cancer phenotype is the activity of histone-modifying enzymes that govern chromatin accessibility for transcription factors, thus impacting gene expression. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs play a significant role in modulating these histone-modifying enzymes, leading to significant implications for genes related to proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in cancer cells. This article provides an overview of current research on the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate the activity of histone-modifying enzymes in the context of cancer. Both direct and indirect mechanisms through which miRNAs influence enzyme expression are discussed. Additionally, potential therapeutic implications arising from miRNA manipulation to selectively impact histone-modifying enzyme activity are presented. The insights from this analysis hold significant therapeutic promise, suggesting the utility of miRNAs as tools for the precise regulation of chromatin-related processes and gene expression. A contemporary focus on molecular regulatory mechanisms opens therapeutic pathways that can effectively influence the control of tumor cell growth and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szczepanek
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tretyn
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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15
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Hu X, Lu Y, Zhou J, Wang L, Zhang M, Mao Y, Chen Z. Progress of regulatory RNA in small extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1225965. [PMID: 37519298 PMCID: PMC10382209 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1225965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract with the second highest mortality rate and the third highest incidence rate. Early diagnosis and treatment are important measures to reduce CRC mortality. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as key mediators that facilitate communication between tumor cells and various other cells, playing a significant role in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Regulatory RNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, serving as crucial factors in promoting CRC cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and immune cell differentiation. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the vital role of sEVs as biomarkers in CRC diagnosis and their potential application in CRC treatment, highlighting their importance as a promising avenue for further research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Hu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yukang Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lanfeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yiping Mao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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16
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Wu Z, Fang ZX, Hou YY, Wu BX, Deng Y, Wu HT, Liu J. Exosomes in metastasis of colorectal cancers: Friends or foes? World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:731-756. [PMID: 37275444 PMCID: PMC10237026 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i5.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common type of cancer worldwide, threaten human health and quality of life. With multidisciplinary, including surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, patients with an early diagnosis of CRC can have a good prognosis. However, metastasis in CRC patients is the main risk factor causing cancer-related death. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRC metastasis is the difficult and research focus on the investigation of the CRC mechanism. On the other hand, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been confirmed as having an essential role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of malignancies, including CRCs. Among the different factors in the TME, exosomes as extracellular vesicles, function as bridges in the communication between cancer cells and different components of the TME to promote the progression and metastasis of CRC. MicroRNAs packaged in exosomes can be derived from different sources and transported into the TME to perform oncogenic or tumor-suppressor roles accordingly. This article focuses on CRC exosomes and illustrates their role in regulating the metastasis of CRC, especially through the packaging of miRNAs, to evoke exosomes as novel biomarkers for their impact on the metastasis of CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Yu Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing-Xuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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17
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Aseervatham J. Dynamic Role of Exosome microRNAs in Cancer Cell Signaling and Their Emerging Role as Noninvasive Biomarkers. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050710. [PMID: 37237523 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that originate from endosomes and are released by all cells irrespective of their origin or type. They play an important role in cell communication and can act in an autocrine, endocrine, or paracrine fashion. They are 40-150 nm in diameter and have a similar composition to the cell of origin. An exosome released by a particular cell is unique since it carries information about the state of the cell in pathological conditions such as cancer. miRNAs carried by cancer-derived exosomes play a multifaceted role by taking part in cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and immune evasion. Depending on the type of miRNA that it carries as its cargo, it can render cells chemo- or radiosensitive or resistant and can also act as a tumor suppressor. Since the composition of exosomes is affected by the cellular state, stress, and changes in the environment, they can be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Their unique ability to cross biological barriers makes them an excellent choice as vehicles for drug delivery. Because of their easy availability and stability, they can be used to replace cancer biopsies, which are invasive and expensive. Exosomes can also be used to follow the progression of diseases and monitor treatment strategies. A better understanding of the roles and functions of exosomal miRNA can be used to develop noninvasive, innovative, and novel treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Aseervatham
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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18
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Li C, Cai J, Liu W, Gao Z, Li G. Downregulation of circ-STK39 suppresses pancreatic cancer progression by sponging mir-140-3p and regulating TRAM2-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Apoptosis 2023:10.1007/s10495-023-01813-9. [PMID: 37041422 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is amongst the most lethal gastrointestinal tumors, which is the seventh leading reason of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Previous studies have indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs), which is a new type of endogenous noncoding RNA (ncRNA), can mediate tumor progression in diverse tumor types including PC. Whereas precise roles regarding circRNAs and their underlying regulatory mechanisms in PC remain unknown. METHODS In the current study, we employed next generation sequencing (NGS) to characterize abnormally expressed circRNAs among PC tissues. Next, we assessed expression levels of one identified circRNA, circ-STK39, in PC cell lines and tissues. Then, using bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter, Transwell migration, EdU and CCK-8 assays, we examined the regulatory mechanisms and targets of circ-STK39. Finally, our group explored the circ-STK39 role in PC tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. RESULTS Our team discovered that circ-STK39 expression increased in PC tissues and cells, suggesting that circ-STK39 may have a role in PC progression. Downregulation of circ-STK39 inhibited PC proliferation and migration. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter outcomes demonstrated that TRAM2 and miR-140-3p were circ-STK39 downstream targets. TRAM2 overexpression reversed the miR-140-3p overexpression effects upon migration, proliferation and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CONCLUSION In this regard, we showed that circ-STK39 downregulation led to decreased migration, proliferation and the EMT of PC via the miR-140-3p/TRAM2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang Road No. 88, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
| | - Juanjuan Cai
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang Road No. 88, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
| | - Zhenzhen Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang Road No. 88, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
| | - Guogang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang Road No. 88, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China.
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Cheng J, Zhang K, Qu C, Peng J, Yang L. Non-Coding RNAs Derived from Extracellular Vesicles Promote Pre-Metastatic Niche Formation and Tumor Distant Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072158. [PMID: 37046819 PMCID: PMC10093357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a critical stage of tumor progression, a crucial challenge of clinical therapy, and a major cause of tumor patient death. Numerous studies have confirmed that distant tumor metastasis is dependent on the formation of pre-metastatic niche (PMN). Recent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in PMN formation. The non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) derived from EVs mediate PMN formation and tumor-distant metastasis by promoting an inflammatory environment, inhibiting anti-tumor immune response, inducing angiogenesis and permeability, and by microenvironmental reprogramming. Given the stability and high abundance of ncRNAs carried by EVs in body fluids, they have great potential for application in tumor diagnosis as well as targeted interventions. This review focuses on the mechanism of ncRNAs derived from EVs promoting tumor PMN formation and distant metastasis to provide a theoretical reference for strategies to control tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Chunhui Qu
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jinwu Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde 415000, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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20
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Sugai T, Sugimoto R, Eizuka M, Osakabe M, Yamada S, Yanagawa N, Matsumoto T, Suzuki H. Comprehensive Analysis of microRNA Expression During the Progression of Colorectal Tumors. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:813-823. [PMID: 35674995 PMCID: PMC10011343 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No effective early diagnostic biomarkers are available for colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, we sought to identify new biomarkers that could identify CRC from progression as a pre-cancerous lesion to its invasive form. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRs) are associated with the onset of cancer invasion and progression. AIMS We hypothesized that the identification of miRs associated with CRC might be useful to detect this disease at early stages. METHODS We conducted an integrated analysis of 79 isolated colorectal tumor glands, including adenomas, intramucosal cancers, and invasive CRCs that showed a microsatellite stable phenotype using GeneChip miRNA 4.0 microarray assays. The colorectal tumors we examined were divided into 2 cohorts (42 in the first cohort and 37 in the second cohort). RESULTS First, cluster analysis was performed to stratify expression patterns of multiple miRs that were pooled according to the following criteria: fold change in expression (< -2.0 or > 2.0), p < 0.05, and mature miRs. As a result, the expression patterns of pooled miRs were subdivided into 3 subgroups that were correlated with tumor grade. Each subgroup was characterized by specific miRs. In addition, we found that specific miRs, including miR-140-3p and miR-378i, were closely associated with cancer invasion. Finally, we analyzed paired dysregulated miRs between adenomatous and cancerous components present within the same tumor. DISCUSSION We showed that several miRs were dysregulated during progression from adenoma to intramucosal cancer. Specific miRs may have key roles in progression from intramucosal tumor to invasive CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun, Yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan.
| | - Ryo Sugimoto
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun, Yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Makoto Eizuka
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun, Yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Osakabe
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun, Yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Shun Yamada
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun, Yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, 2-1-1, Shiwagun, Yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Naoki Yanagawa
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun, Yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, 2-1-1, Shiwagun, Yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Cyuuouku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
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21
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Taheri F, Ebrahimi SO, Heidari R, Pour SN, Reiisi S. Mechanism and function of miR-140 in human cancers: A review and in silico study. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154265. [PMID: 36509008 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-140 (miR-140) acts as a tumor suppressor and plays a vital role in cell biological functions such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. The expression of this miRNA has been shown to be considerably decreased in cancer tissues and cell lines compared with normal adjacent tissues. Consequently, aberrant expression of some miR-140 target genes can lead to the initiation and progression of various human cancers, such as breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, lung cancer, and prostate cancer. The dysregulation of the miR-140 network also affects cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis of cancer cells by affecting various signaling pathways. Besides, up-regulation of miR-140 could enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in different cancer. We aimed to cover most aspects of miR-140 function in cancer development and address its importance in different stages of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Taheri
- Department of Genetics, Sharekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sharekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Omar Ebrahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Razieh Heidari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Somaye Nezamabadi Pour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Somayeh Reiisi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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22
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Wang X, Huang D, Wu J, Li Z, Yi X, Zhong T. The Biological Effect of Small Extracellular Vesicles on Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244071. [PMID: 36552835 PMCID: PMC9777375 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignancy that seriously threatens human health, and metastasis from CRC is a major cause of death and poor prognosis for patients. Studying the potential mechanisms of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in tumor development may provide new options for early and effective diagnosis and treatment of CRC metastasis. In this review, we systematically describe how sEVs mediate epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), reconfigure the tumor microenvironment (TME), modulate the immune system, and alter vascular permeability and angiogenesis to promote CRC metastasis. We also discuss the current difficulties in studying sEVs and propose new ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Defa Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiyang Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaomei Yi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-07978266042
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23
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Tenchov R, Sasso JM, Wang X, Liaw WS, Chen CA, Zhou QA. Exosomes─Nature's Lipid Nanoparticles, a Rising Star in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17802-17846. [PMID: 36354238 PMCID: PMC9706680 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subgroup of nanosized extracellular vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane and secreted by most eukaryotic cells. They represent a route of intercellular communication and participate in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. The biological roles of exosomes rely on their bioactive cargos, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which are delivered to target cells. Their distinctive properties─innate stability, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, and good biomembrane penetration capacity─allow them to function as superior natural nanocarriers for efficient drug delivery. Another notably favorable clinical application of exosomes is in diagnostics. They hold various biomolecules from host cells, which are indicative of pathophysiological conditions; therefore, they are considered vital for biomarker discovery in clinical diagnostics. Here, we use data from the CAS Content Collection and provide a landscape overview of the current state and delineate trends in research advancement on exosome applications in therapeutics and diagnostics across time, geography, composition, cargo loading, and development pipelines. We discuss exosome composition and pathway, from their biogenesis and secretion from host cells to recipient cell uptake. We assess methods for exosome isolation and purification, their clinical applications in therapy and diagnostics, their development pipelines, the exploration goals of the companies, the assortment of diseases they aim to treat, development stages of their research, and publication trends. We hope this review will be useful for understanding the current knowledge in the field of medical applications of exosomes, in an effort to further solve the remaining challenges in fulfilling their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a Division of the American Chemical
Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United
States
| | - Janet M. Sasso
- CAS, a Division of the American Chemical
Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United
States
| | - Xinmei Wang
- CAS, a Division of the American Chemical
Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United
States
| | - Wen-Shing Liaw
- CAS, a Division of the American Chemical
Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United
States
| | - Chun-An Chen
- CAS, a Division of the American Chemical
Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United
States
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a Division of the American Chemical
Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United
States
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24
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Jiang Q, Tan XP, Zhang CH, Li ZY, Li D, Xu Y, Liu YX, Wang L, Ma Z. Non-Coding RNAs of Extracellular Vesicles: Key Players in Organ-Specific Metastasis and Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225693. [PMID: 36428785 PMCID: PMC9688215 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membrane-encapsulated vesicles released by most cells. They act as multifunctional regulators of intercellular communication by delivering bioactive molecules, including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Metastasis is a major cause of cancer-related death. Most cancer cells disseminate and colonize a specific target organ via EVs, a process known as "organ-specific metastasis". Mounting evidence has shown that EVs are enriched with ncRNAs, and various EV-ncRNAs derived from tumor cells influence organ-specific metastasis via different mechanisms. Due to the tissue-specific expression of EV-ncRNAs, they could be used as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of tumor metastasis in various types of cancer. In this review, we have discussed the underlying mechanisms of EV-delivered ncRNAs in the most common organ-specific metastases of liver, bone, lung, brain, and lymph nodes. Moreover, we summarize the potential clinical applications of EV-ncRNAs in organ-specific metastasis to fill the gap between benches and bedsides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Digestive Disease Research Institution of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghu 433200, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Digestive Disease Research Institution of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Cai-Hua Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghu 433200, China
| | - Du Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Yu Xuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (L.W.)
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (L.W.)
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25
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Horak J, Dolnikova A, Cumaogullari O, Cumova A, Navvabi N, Vodickova L, Levy M, Schneiderova M, Liska V, Andera L, Vodicka P, Opattova A. MiR-140 leads to MRE11 downregulation and ameliorates oxaliplatin treatment and therapy response in colorectal cancer patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:959407. [PMID: 36324569 PMCID: PMC9618941 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.959407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy failure is a fundamental challenge in cancer treatment. One of the most common reasons for therapy failure is the development of acquired resistance of cancer cells. DNA-damaging agents are frequently used in first-line chemotherapy regimens and DNA damage response, and DNA repair pathways are significantly involved in the mechanisms of chemoresistance. MRE11, a part of the MRN complex involved in double-strand break (DSB) repair, is connected to colorectal cancer (CRC) patients’ prognosis. Our previous results showed that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) microRNA (miRNA) binding sites of MRE11 gene are associated with decreased cancer risk but with shorter survival of CRC patients, which implies the role of miRNA regulation in CRC. The therapy of colorectal cancer utilizes oxaliplatin (oxalato(trans-l-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum), which is often compromised by chemoresistance development. There is, therefore, a crucial clinical need to understand the cellular processes associated with drug resistance and improve treatment responses by applying efficient combination therapies. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of miRNAs on the oxaliplatin therapy response of CRC patients. By the in silico analysis, miR-140 was predicted to target MRE11 and modulate CRC prognosis. The lower expression of miR-140 was associated with the metastatic phenotype (p < 0.05) and poor progression-free survival (odds ratio (OR) = 0.4, p < 0.05). In the in vitro analysis, we used miRNA mimics to increase the level of miR-140 in the CRC cell line. This resulted in decreased proliferation of CRC cells (p < 0.05). Increased levels of miR-140 also led to increased sensitivity of cancer cells to oxaliplatin (p < 0.05) and to the accumulation of DNA damage. Our results, both in vitro and in vivo, suggest that miR-140 may act as a tumor suppressor and plays an important role in DSB DNA repair and, consequently, CRC therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Horak
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alexandra Dolnikova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ozge Cumaogullari
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Dr. Fazıl Küçük Faculty of Medicine, North Cyprus, Turkey
- Gazimağusa State Hospital, Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Andrea Cumova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nazila Navvabi
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prague, Czechia
- Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Levy
- Surgical Department, 1.st Medical Faculty, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michaela Schneiderova
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady and 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vaclav Liska
- Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Ladislav Andera
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Vestec, Czechia
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Alena Opattova, ; Pavel Vodicka,
| | - Alena Opattova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Alena Opattova, ; Pavel Vodicka,
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26
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Zhang W, Jiang Z, Tang D. The value of exosome-derived noncoding RNAs in colorectal cancer proliferation, metastasis, and clinical applications. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2022; 24:2305-2318. [PMID: 35921060 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world today, and its incidence and mortality rates are increasing every year. The ease of proliferation and metastasis of CRC has long been an important reason for its high mortality rate. Exosomes serve as key mediators that mediate communication between tumor cells and various other cells. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to play a key role in apoptosis, immunosuppression and proliferation metastasis in cancer. ncRNAs are loaded on exosomes and initiate the onset of metastasis by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at the primary site of the tumor. Meanwhile, exosome-derived ncRNAs construct a pre-metastatic niche (PMN) for CRC metastasis by forming an inflammatory microenvironment in distant organs, immunosuppression, and promoting angiogenesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Here, we summarize the specific mechanisms associated with exosome-derived ncRNAs promoting local invasion and metastasis in CRC. Finally, we focus on their value for clinical application in future CRC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengting Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
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27
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Matuszyk J. MALAT1-miRNAs network regulate thymidylate synthase and affect 5FU-based chemotherapy. Mol Med 2022; 28:89. [PMID: 35922756 PMCID: PMC9351108 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The active metabolite of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), used in the treatment of several types of cancer, acts by inhibiting the thymidylate synthase encoded by the TYMS gene, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in DNA replication. The major failure of 5FU-based cancer therapy is the development of drug resistance. High levels of TYMS-encoded protein in cancerous tissues are predictive of poor response to 5FU treatment. Expression of TYMS is regulated by various mechanisms, including involving non-coding RNAs, both miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Aim To delineate the miRNAs and lncRNAs network regulating the level of TYMS-encoded protein. Main body Several miRNAs targeting TYMS mRNA have been identified in colon cancers, the levels of which can be regulated to varying degrees by lncRNAs. Due to their regulation by the MALAT1 lncRNA, these miRNAs can be divided into three groups: (1) miR-197-3p, miR-203a-3p, miR-375-3p which are downregulated by MALAT1 as confirmed experimentally and the levels of these miRNAs are actually reduced in colon and gastric cancers; (2) miR-140-3p, miR-330-3p that could potentially interact with MALAT1, but not yet supported by experimental results; (3) miR-192-5p, miR-215-5p whose seed sequences do not recognize complementary response elements within MALAT1. Considering the putative MALAT1-miRNAs interaction network, attention is drawn to the potential positive feedback loop causing increased expression of MALAT1 in colon cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, where YAP1 acts as a transcriptional co-factor which, by binding to the TCF4 transcription factor/ β-catenin complex, may increase the activation of the MALAT1 gene whereas the MALAT1 lncRNA can inhibit miR-375-3p which in turn targets YAP1 mRNA. Conclusion The network of non-coding RNAs may reduce the sensitivity of cancer cells to 5FU treatment by upregulating the level of thymidylate synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Matuszyk
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 R. Weigla Street, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.
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28
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Otmani K, Lewalle P. Tumor Suppressor miRNA in Cancer Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment: Mechanism of Deregulation and Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2021; 11:708765. [PMID: 34722255 PMCID: PMC8554338 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.708765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that have been identified as important posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNAs production is controlled at multiple levels, including transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. Extensive profiling studies have shown that the regulation of mature miRNAs expression plays a causal role in cancer development and progression. miRNAs have been identified to act as tumor suppressors (TS) or as oncogenes based on their modulating effect on the expression of their target genes. Upregulation of oncogenic miRNAs blocks TS genes and leads to tumor formation. In contrast, downregulation of miRNAs with TS function increases the translation of oncogenes. Several miRNAs exhibiting TS properties have been studied. In this review we focus on recent studies on the role of TS miRNAs in cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, we discuss how TS miRNA impacts the aggressiveness of cancer cells, with focus of the mechanism that regulate its expression. The study of the mechanisms of miRNA regulation in cancer cells and the TME may paved the way to understand its critical role in the development and progression of cancer and is likely to have important clinical implications in a near future. Finally, the potential roles of miRNAs as specific biomarkers for the diagnosis and the prognosis of cancer and the replacement of tumor suppressive miRNAs using miRNA mimics could be promising approaches for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Otmani
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Jules Bordet Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Shadbad MA, Asadzadeh Z, Derakhshani A, Hosseinkhani N, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baghbanzadeh A, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Brunetti O, Argentiero A, Racanelli V, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. A scoping review on the potentiality of PD-L1-inhibiting microRNAs in treating colorectal cancer: Toward single-cell sequencing-guided biocompatible-based delivery. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112213. [PMID: 34560556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumoral programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been implicated in the immune evasion and development of colorectal cancer. Although monoclonal immune checkpoint inhibitors can exclusively improve the prognosis of patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) colorectal cancer, specific tumor-suppressive microRNAs (miRs) can regulate multiple oncogenic pathways and inhibit the de novo expression of oncoproteins, like PD-L1, both in microsatellite stable (MSS) and MSI-H colorectal cancer cells. This scoping review aimed to discuss the currently available evidence regarding the therapeutic potentiality of PD-L1-inhibiting miRs for colorectal cancer. For this purpose, the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were systematically searched to obtain peer-reviewed studies published before 17 March 2021. We have found that miR-191-5p, miR-382-3p, miR-148a-3p, miR-93-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-200c-3p, miR-138-5p, miR-140-3p, and miR-15b-5p can inhibit tumoral PD-L1 in colorectal cancer cells. Besides inhibiting PD-L1, miR-140-3p, miR-382-3p, miR-148a-3p, miR-93-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-200c-3p, miR-138-5p, and miR-15b-5p can substantially reduce tumor migration, inhibit tumor development, stimulate anti-tumoral immune responses, decrease tumor viability, and enhance the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells regardless of the microsatellite state. Concerning the specific, effective, and safe delivery of these miRs, the single-cell sequencing-guided biocompatible-based delivery of these miRs can increase the specificity of miR delivery, decrease the toxicity of traditional nanoparticles, transform the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment into the proinflammatory one, suppress tumor development, decrease tumor migration, and enhance the chemosensitivity of tumoral cells regardless of the microsatellite state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Istituto Tumori BariGiovanni Paolo II, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (IRCCS), Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Argentiero
- Istituto Tumori BariGiovanni Paolo II, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (IRCCS), Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Istituto Tumori BariGiovanni Paolo II, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (IRCCS), Bari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Xiong J, Zhang L, Tang R, Zhu Z. MicroRNA-301b-3p facilitates cell proliferation and migration in colorectal cancer by targeting HOXB1. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5839-5849. [PMID: 34488545 PMCID: PMC8806818 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1962483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that miR-301b-3p was essential to the onset and development of several cancers, but the implied functions of miR-301b-3p in colorectal cancer (CRC) remained largely unclear. The current study is aimed to exploring the potential roles and possible mechanism of miR-301b-3p in CRC. The abundance of miR-301b-3p and HOXB1 in CRC clinical specimens and cell lines was verified using RT-qPCR. The CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing and transwell assays were adopted to evaluate cell proliferation and migration. The interactivity of miR-301b-3p and homeobox B1 (HOXB1) was identified using bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter. The results of RT-qPCR indicated that miR-301b-3p was significantly upregulated in CRC clinical specimens and cell lines. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-301b-3p speeds up CRC cell proliferation and migration. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter verified that HOXB1 acted as the downstream targeted mRNA. Furthermore, silencing of HOXB1 also obviously accelerated the proliferation and migration ability of CRC cells. miR-301b-3p facilitated cell proliferation and migration in CRC, which was partly reversed by overexpressing HOXB1. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that miR-301b-3p facilitated CRC cell growth and migration via targeting HOXB1. Our results identified that miR-301b-3p served as a significant oncogene in CRC, which may provide a novel biomarker for diagnosis and therapeutic objective for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Xiong
- Second Abdominal Surgery Department, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Record Statistics, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ren Tang
- Second Abdominal Surgery Department, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhengming Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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31
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Zhang L, Ren R, Yang X, Ge Y, Zhang X, Yuan H. Oncogenic role of early growth response-1 in liver cancer through the regulation of the microRNA-675/sestrin 3 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5305-5322. [PMID: 34409922 PMCID: PMC8806569 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1964889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early growth response-1 (EGR1) is a multi-domain protein and an immediate early transcription factor that is induced during liver injury and controls the expression of a variety of genes implicated in metabolism, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis. Liver cancer (LC) is a highly malignant disease with high mortality worldwide. This study focused on the function of EGR1 in LC development and the mechanism of action. Two LC-related datasets GSE101728 and GSE138178 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used for identification of key genes involved in cancer progression. A microarray analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) after EGR1 knockdown. The target gene of miR-675 was identified by integrated analysis. EGR1 and miR-675 were highly expressed, whereas sestrin 3 (SESN3) was poorly expressed in LC tissues and cells. High EGR1 expression was associated with poor liver function and disease severity in patients with LC. Knockdown of EGR1 weakened proliferation and invasiveness of LC cells. EGR1 bound to the miR-675 promoter and increased its transcription, and miR-675 bound to SESN3 mRNA to induce its downregulation. miR-675 upregulation promoted the malignance of LC cells, but further upregulation of SESN3 reduced invasiveness of cells. SESN3 was enriched in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. EGR1 and miR-675 activated the Wnt/β-catenin through downregulating SESN3. This study demonstrated that EGR1 promotes the malignant behaviors of LC cells through mediating the miRNA-675/SESN3/Wnt/β-catenin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ran Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiman Ge
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiajun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Danyang People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongping Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Danyang People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Mosquera-Heredia MI, Morales LC, Vidal OM, Barceló E, Silvera-Redondo C, Vélez JI, Garavito-Galofre P. Exosomes: Potential Disease Biomarkers and New Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1061. [PMID: 34440265 PMCID: PMC8393483 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by cells, both constitutively and after cell activation, and are present in different types of biological fluid. Exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, pregnancy disorders and cardiovascular diseases, and have emerged as potential non-invasive biomarkers for the detection, prognosis and therapeutics of a myriad of diseases. In this review, we describe recent advances related to the regulatory mechanisms of exosome biogenesis, release and molecular composition, as well as their role in health and disease, and their potential use as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of their main isolation methods, characterization and cargo analysis, as well as the experimental methods used for exosome-mediated drug delivery, are discussed. Finally, we present potential perspectives for the use of exosomes in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Mosquera-Heredia
- Department of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia; (L.C.M.); (O.M.V.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Luis C. Morales
- Department of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia; (L.C.M.); (O.M.V.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Oscar M. Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia; (L.C.M.); (O.M.V.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Ernesto Barceló
- Instituto Colombiano de Neuropedagogía, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia;
| | - Carlos Silvera-Redondo
- Department of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia; (L.C.M.); (O.M.V.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Jorge I. Vélez
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia;
| | - Pilar Garavito-Galofre
- Department of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia; (L.C.M.); (O.M.V.); (C.S.-R.)
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Umwali Y, Yue CB, Gabriel ANA, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Roles of exosomes in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4467-4479. [PMID: 34222415 PMCID: PMC8223826 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i18.4467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that mediate intercellular communication. They contain different molecules, such as DNA, RNA, lipid, and protein, playing essential roles in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Exosomes derived from CRC are implicated in tumorigenesis, chemotherapy resistance, and metastasis. Besides, they can enhance CRC progression by increasing tumor cell proliferation, reducing apoptosis mechanistically through altering particular essential regulatory genes, or controlling several signaling pathways. Therefore, exosomes derived from CRC are essential biomarkers and can be used in the diagnosis. Indeed, it is crucial to understand the role of exosomes in CRC, which is necessary to develop diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for early detection and treatment. In the present review, we discuss the roles of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Umwali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cong-Bo Yue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Abakundana Nsenga Ariston Gabriel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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