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Liu H, Wang L. MicroRNA-34a negatively regulates Netrin1 and mediates MEK/ERK pathway to regulate chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:563. [PMID: 39404782 PMCID: PMC11480279 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of action of MicroRNAs-34a (miR-34a) and Eurite growth guiding factor 1 (Netrin1) in cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer (GC), providing new clues for overcoming tumor resistance and optimizing anti-tumor therapy for GC. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in human cancers (dbDEMC), and Starbase online databases were used to analyze the correlation between miR-34a and Netrin-1 and prognosis in GC, and to predict and verify the targeted binding of miR-34a to Netrin-1. The experimental methods including Cell transfection, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Cell-Counting-Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, flow cytometry, wound scratch assay, transwell assay, and western blotting were used to investigate the effects of miR-34a and Netrin1 on chemotherapy resistance and biological characteristics in cisplatin-resistant GC cells (HGC27/DDP), and to analyze the molecular mechanism of cisplatin resistance. RESULTS miR-34a expression was downregulated in gastric cancer clinical samples and cisplatin-resistant cells, while Netrin1 was upregulated, and was related to overall survival (OS). Upregulation of miR-34a can significantly reduce the IC50 value of cisplatin(0.65 vs 1.6 ng/mL) and Multidrug Resistance 1 (MDR-1) protein level, inhibit the proliferation activity, reduce the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and ki-67 protein, and induce the increase of apoptosis rate and the enhancement of cycle arrest. Upregulation of miR-34a can also significantly reduce the expression level of Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) protein, promote the expression of E-cadherin protein, reduce the wound healing rate and invasion number to inhibit migration and invasion ability in drug-resistant gastric cancer cells. Moreover, overexpression of Netrin1 on the basis of upregulation of miR-34a can weaken the above changes caused by upregulation of miR-34a. In addition, upregulation of miR-34a can significantly inhibit the Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) / Extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) pathway, while overexpression of Netrin1 can activate the MEK/ERK pathway, and inhibition of MEK/ERK pathway can effectively counteract the protein expression of Netrin1, and reverse changes in the expression of cisplatin IC50 and MDR-1 proteins caused by co-upregulation of miR-34a/Netrin1 in HGC27/DDP, as well as changes in proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. In addition, upregulation of miR-34a can significantly inhibit the MEK/ERK pathway, while overexpression of Netrin1 can activate the MEK/ERK pathway. If the MEK/ERK pathway was inhibited, it can effectively counteract the protein overexpression of Netrin1, and reverse the changes in the expression of cisplatin IC50 and MDR-1 proteins in HGC27/DDP induced by co-upregulation of miR-34a / Netrin1, as well as changes in proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. CONCLUSION miR-34a targets and negatively regulates Netrin1 to mediate the proliferation, apoptosis, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of drug-resistant gastric cancer cells via the MEK/ERK pathway, and change the chemosensitivity in GC cells. miR-34a/Netrin1/MEK/ERK axis may serve as a novel therapeutic target for chemoresistance in GC, it is of great significance for overcoming drug resistance and developing new therapeutic strategies for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, 348 Dexiang Street, Xiangyang District, Jiamusi City, 154000, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, 348 Dexiang Street, Xiangyang District, Jiamusi City, 154000, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Y, Yang Y. Efficacy and safety of refined nursing combined with Zhao's Thunder-Fire Moxibustion in treating patients with gastric cancer of Spleen-Qi Deficiency Syndrome: A clinical study. Pak J Med Sci 2024; 40:2074-2079. [PMID: 39416602 PMCID: PMC11476129 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.9.8462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of refined nursing combined with Zhao's thunder-fire moxibustion in treating patients with gastric cancer (GC) of spleen-Qi deficiency syndrome. Methods This was a retrospective study. Ninety patients with GC of spleen-Qi deficiency syndrome admitted to Baoding Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February 2022 to March 2023 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group. Patients in the control group were intervened with XELOX chemotherapeutic regimen + routine nursing. On this basis, patients in the observation group were additionally treated with refined nursing combined with Zhao's thunder-fire moxibustion. Changes in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, KPS scores for physical status, and quality of life (QOL) scores were observed and compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results After treatment, the scores of anorexia, fatigue and weakness, postprandial abdominal bloating, loose stools, mental fatigue and laziness to speak decreased significantly in the two groups (P< 0.05), and each TCM syndrome score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P< 0.05). After treatment, KPS and QOL scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P< 0.05). The overall nursing satisfaction was 93.3% (42/45) in the observation group, which was significantly higher than 71.1% (32/45) in the control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion Refined nursing combined with Zhao's thunder-fire moxibustion can alleviate the clinical symptoms of patients with GC of spleen-Qi deficiency syndrome, reduce chemotherapeutic-induced adverse reactions, with high clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelu Yang
- Yuelu Yang, Department of Internal Medicine, Baoding Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Yueling Yang
- Yueling Yang, Department of Medical Oncology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
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Guan Q, Wang Z, Zhang K, Liu Z, Zhou H, Cao D, Mao X. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated neuronal deletion of 5-lipoxygenase alleviates deficits in mouse models of epilepsy. J Adv Res 2024; 63:73-90. [PMID: 39048074 PMCID: PMC11379977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our previous work reveals a critical role of activation of neuronal Alox5 in exacerbating brain injury post seizures. However, whether neuronal Alox5 impacts the pathological process of epilepsy remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To prove the feasibility of neuron-specific deletion of Alox5 via CRISPR-Cas9 in the blockade of seizure onset and epileptic progression. METHODS Here, we employed a Clustered regularly interspaced short-palindromic repeat-associated proteins 9 system (CRISPR/Cas9) system delivered by adeno-associated virus (AAV) to specifically delete neuronal Alox5 gene in the hippocampus to explore its therapeutic potential in various epilepsy mouse models and possible mechanisms. RESULTS Neuronal depletion of Alox5 was successfully achieved in the brain. AAV delivery of single guide RNA of Alox5 in hippocampus resulted in reducing seizure severity, delaying epileptic progression and improving epilepsy-associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities especially anxiety, cognitive deficit and autistic-like behaviors in pilocarpine- and kainic acid-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) models. In addition, neuronal Alox5 deletion also reversed neuron loss, neurodegeneration, astrogliosis and mossy fiber sprouting in TLE model. Moreover, a battery of tests including analysis of routine blood test, hepatic function, renal function, routine urine test and inflammatory factors demonstrated no noticeable toxic effect, suggesting that Alox5 deletion possesses the satisfactory biosafety. Mechanistically, the anti-epileptic effect of Alox5 deletion might be associated with reduction of glutamate level to restore excitatory/inhibitory balance by reducing CAMKII-mediated phosphorylation of Syn ISer603. CONCLUSION Our findings showed the translational potential of AAV-mediated delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 system including neuronal Alox5 gene for an alternative promising therapeutic approach to treat epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Guan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Danfeng Cao
- Academician Workstation and Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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Amoah AS, Pestov NB, Korneenko TV, Prokhorenko IA, Kurakin GF, Barlev NA. Lipoxygenases at the Intersection of Infection and Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3961. [PMID: 38612771 PMCID: PMC11011848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The persisting presence of opportunistic pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a significant threat to many immunocompromised cancer patients with pulmonary infections. This review highlights the complexity of interactions in the host's defensive eicosanoid signaling network and its hijacking by pathogenic bacteria to their own advantage. Human lipoxygenases (ALOXs) and their mouse counterparts are integral elements of the innate immune system, mostly operating in the pro-inflammatory mode. Taking into account the indispensable role of inflammation in carcinogenesis, lipoxygenases have counteracting roles in this process. In addition to describing the structure-function of lipoxygenases in this review, we discuss their roles in such critical processes as cancer cell signaling, metastases, death of cancer and immune cells through ferroptosis, as well as the roles of ALOXs in carcinogenesis promoted by pathogenic infections. Finally, we discuss perspectives of novel oncotherapeutic approaches to harness lipoxygenase signaling in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Saleem Amoah
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia; (A.-S.A.); (N.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Nikolay B. Pestov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia; (A.-S.A.); (N.A.B.)
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia; (T.V.K.); (I.A.P.)
- Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides, Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow 108819, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Korneenko
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia; (T.V.K.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Igor A. Prokhorenko
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia; (T.V.K.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Georgy F. Kurakin
- Department of Biochemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117513, Russia;
| | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia; (A.-S.A.); (N.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides, Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow 108819, Russia
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Meng YW, Liu JY. Pathological and pharmacological functions of the metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids mediated by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochrome P450s in cancers. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 256:108612. [PMID: 38369063 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Oxylipins have garnered increasing attention because they were consistently shown to play pathological and/or pharmacological roles in the development of multiple cancers. Oxylipins are the metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids via both enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways. The enzymes mediating the metabolism of PUFAs include but not limited to lipoxygenases (LOXs), cyclooxygenases (COXs), and cytochrome P450s (CYPs) pathways, as well as the down-stream enzymes. Here, we systematically summarized the pleiotropic effects of oxylipins in different cancers through pathological and pharmacological aspects, with specific reference to the enzyme-mediated oxylipins. We discussed the specific roles of oxylipins on cancer onset, growth, invasion, and metastasis, as well as the expression changes in the associated metabolic enzymes and the associated underlying mechanisms. In addition, we also discussed the clinical application and potential of oxylipins and related metabolic enzymes as the targets for cancer prevention and treatment. We found the specific function of most oxylipins in cancers, especially the underlying mechanisms and clinic applications, deserves and needs further investigation. We believe that research on oxylipins will provide not only more therapeutic targets for various cancers but also dietary guidance for both cancer patients and healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Meng
- CNTTI of the Institute of Life Sciences & Department of Anesthesia of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- CNTTI of the Institute of Life Sciences & Department of Anesthesia of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Wang C, Jiang S, Zheng H, An Y, Zheng W, Zhang J, Liu J, Lin H, Wang G, Wang F. Integration of gut microbiome and serum metabolome revealed the effect of Qing-Wei-Zhi-Tong Micro-pills on gastric ulcer in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117294. [PMID: 37839771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qing-Wei-Zhi-Tong Micro-pills (QWZT) is herbal compound used in the treatment of GU, whose functions include clearing the stomach and fire, softening the liver and relieving pain. However, its mechanistic profile on host intestinal microbiota and metabolism has not been determined. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to observe the healing effect of QWZT on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in a rat model and to preliminarily elucidate its possible therapeutic mechanism from the perspective of host intestinal microbiota and metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Wistar male rats (7 weeks old; weight 180-200 g) were randomly divided into normal control group (NC), acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer group (GU), and QWZT treatment group (High dose: 1250 mg/kg/day, Middle dose: 625 mg/kg/day, Low dose: 312.5 mg/kg/day) of 6 rats each. An acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer rat model was constructed based on anatomical surgery. QWZT (High dose, Middle dose, and Low dose) was used to treat gastric ulcer rats for 7 days by gavage. At the end of treatment, the body weight, macroscopic condition of gastric tissue ulcers, pathological changes (HE staining), inflammatory factors, oxidative stress factors, and endocrine factors were assessed in each group of rats. Fresh feces and serum from each group of rats were collected for microbiome and metabolome analysis on the machine, respectively. Drug-disease common targets and functional pathways were captured based on network pharmacology. The complex network of Herbs-Targets-Pathways-Metabolites-Microbiota interactions was constructed. Ultimately, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) evaluated the contribution of gut microbiota in disease. RESULTS QWZT increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Parabacteroides, etc.), reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria (Micromonospora, Geobacter, Nocardioides, and Arenimonas, etc.), reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators (12,13-EpOME, 9,10-Epoxyoctadecenoic acid, SM(d18:1/16:0) and Leukotriene A4, etc.), restored host metabolic disorders (Linoleic acid metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, and Arachidonic acid metabolism), and regulated the level of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-a, SOD, MDA, PEG-2 and NO), ultimately exerting an anti-ulcer effect. Apart from that, FMT improved acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats. CONCLUSION QWZT improved acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats by remodeling intestinal microbiota and regulating host metabolism. This work may promote the process of developing and utilizing clinical applications of QWZT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Shengyu Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Haoyu Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yiming An
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Wenxue Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Jianming Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Hongqiang Lin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Precision Prevention and Control for Common Diseases, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Precision Prevention and Control for Common Diseases, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Centre for Secondary Development of Proprietary Chinese Medicines, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Precision Prevention and Control for Common Diseases, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Tang D, Hu Y, Gao W. 5-lipoxygenase as a target to sensitize glioblastoma to temozolomide treatment via β-catenin-dependent pathway. Neurol Res 2023; 45:1026-1034. [PMID: 37695758 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2255414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensitizing strategy is required to improve the clinical management of glioblastoma (GBM). 5-Lipoxygenase (Alox5) has been recently garnered attention due to its pro-carcinogenic roles in various cancers. This study demonstrates that Alox5 is overexpressed in GBM but not normal neuronal tissues. Alox5 depletion inhibits the growth of GBM cells, both in bulky and stem-like populations, and enhances the anti-cancer effects of temozolomide. The mechanism behind this involves a decrease in β-catenin level and activity upon Alox5 depletion. The inhibitory effects of Alox5 can be reversed by the addition of a Wnt agonist. Additionally, the study reveals that zileuton, an Alox5 inhibitor approved for asthma treatment, significantly improves the efficacy of temozolomide in mice without causing toxicity. Combination index analysis clearly demonstrates that zileuton and temozolomide act synergistically. These findings highlight the importance of Alox5 as a critical regulator of glioblastoma sensitivity and suggest the potential repurposing of zileuton for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Oncology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wenhong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Hu J, Yang X, Ren J, Zhong S, Fan Q, Li W. Identification and verification of characteristic differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes in osteosarcoma using bioinformatics analysis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:781-795. [PMID: 37488941 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2240879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study identified and verified the characteristic differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (CDEFRGs) in osteosarcoma (OS). METHODS We extracted ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs), identified differentially expressed FRGs (DEFRGs) in OS, and conducted correlation analysis between DEFRGs. Next, we conducted GO and KEGG analyses to explore the biological functions and pathways of DEFRGs. Furthermore, we used LASSO and SVM-RFE algorithms to screen CDEFRGs, and evaluated its accuracy in diagnosing OS through ROC curves. Then, we demonstrated the molecular function and pathway enrichment of CDEFRGs through GSEA analysis. In addition, we evaluated the differences in immune cell infiltration between OS and NC groups, as well as the correlation between CDEFRGs expressions and immune cell infiltrations. Finally, the expression of CDEFRGs was verified through qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry experiments. RESULTS We identified 51 DEFRGs and the expression relationship between them. GO and KEGG analysis revealed their key functions and important pathways. Based on four CDEFRGs (PEX3, CPEB1, NOX1, and ALOX5), we built the OS diagnostic model, and verified its accuracy. GSEA analysis further revealed the important functions and pathways of CDEFRGs. In addition, there were differences in immune cell infiltration between OS group and NC group, and CDEFRGs showed significant correlation with certain infiltrating immune cells. Finally, we validated the differential expression levels of four CDEFRGs through external experiments. CONCLUSIONS This study has shed light on the molecular pathological mechanism of OS and has offered novel perspectives for the early diagnosis and immune-targeted therapy of OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
- Faculty of Medical Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Affiliated Qujing Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, P. R. China
| | - Shixiao Zhong
- Faculty of Medical Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Qianbo Fan
- Faculty of Medical Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Weichao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
- Faculty of Medical Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics, Kunming, P. R. China
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Li RJ, Xu JY, Wang X, Liao LJ, Wei X, Xie P, Xu WY, Xu ZY, Xie SH, Jiang YY, Huang L, Wang LY, Huang GR, Huang YQ. Therapeutic effect of demethylated hydroxylated phillygenin derivative on Helicobacter pylori infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1071603. [PMID: 37275170 PMCID: PMC10235509 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1071603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifying and transforming natural antibacterial products is a novel idea for developing new efficacious compounds. Phillygenin has an inhibitory effect on H. pylori. The aim of the present study was to prepare a phillygenin derivative (PHI-Der) through demethylation and hydroxylation. The minimum inhibitory concentration of 18 strains of H. pylori from different sources was 8-32 μg/mL in vitro, and the activity increased 2-8 times than that of phillygenin. PHI-Der could significantly inhibit the colonization of H. pylori in vivo, reduce the inflammatory response, and promote the repair of inflammatory damage. Further, we used SwissTargetPrediction to predict that its main targets are ALOX5, MCL1, and SLC6A4, and find that it can inhibit bacterial biofilm formation and reduce bacterial infection of cells. It can enhance the intracellular oxidative capacity of H. pylori to inhibit H. pylori growth. Further, it could prevent the oxidation of H. pylori-infected cells and reduce the inflammatory response, which plays a role in protection. In conclusion, compared to phillygenin, PHI-Der had better antibacterial activity and was more effective in treating H. pylori infection. It has characteristics of high safety, specificity, resistance to drug resistance and better antibacterial activity than phillygenin, it's a good antioxidant for host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting (Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China
- Clinical Laboratory of 980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force (Bethune International Peace Hospital), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jia-yin Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting (Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting (Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China
| | - Li-juan Liao
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting (Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China
| | - Xian Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting (Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting (Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China
| | - Wen-yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting (Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China
| | - Zhen-yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting (Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China
| | - Shuo-hua Xie
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting (Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China
| | - Yu-ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting (Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting (Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China
| | - Lu-yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting (Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China
| | - Gan-rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting (Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China
| | - Yan-Qiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting (Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China
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Göbel T, Goebel B, Hyprath M, Lamminger I, Weisser H, Angioni C, Mathes M, Thomas D, Kahnt AS. Three-dimensional growth reveals fine-tuning of 5-lipoxygenase by proliferative pathways in cancer. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201804. [PMID: 36849252 PMCID: PMC9971161 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The leukotriene (LT) pathway is positively correlated with the progression of solid malignancies, but the factors that control the expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), the central enzyme in LT biosynthesis, in tumors are poorly understood. Here, we report that 5-LO along with other members of the LT pathway is up-regulated in multicellular colon tumor spheroids. This up-regulation was inversely correlated with cell proliferation and activation of PI3K/mTORC-2- and MEK-1/ERK-dependent pathways. Furthermore, we found that E2F1 and its target gene MYBL2 were involved in the repression of 5-LO during cell proliferation. Importantly, we found that this PI3K/mTORC-2- and MEK-1/ERK-dependent suppression of 5-LO is also existent in tumor cells from other origins, suggesting that this mechanism is widely applicable to other tumor entities. Our data show that tumor cells fine-tune 5-LO and LT biosynthesis in response to environmental changes repressing the enzyme during proliferation while making use of the enzyme under cell stress conditions, implying that tumor-derived 5-LO plays a role in the manipulation of the tumor stroma to quickly restore cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Göbel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bjarne Goebel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marius Hyprath
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ira Lamminger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hannah Weisser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marius Mathes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid S Kahnt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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11
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Wang M, Zeng G, Xiong B, Zhu X, Guo J, Chen D, Zhang S, Luo M, Guo L, Cai L. ALOX5 Promotes Autophagy-dependent Ferroptosis by Activating the AMPK/mTOR Pathway in Melanoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115554. [PMID: 37080437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma has become more common, and its therapeutic management has remained challenging in recent decades. The purpose of our study is to explore new prognostic therapeutic markers of melanoma and to find new therapeutic methods and therapeutic targets of novel drugs, which have great significance. METHOD First, the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) gene associated with both autophagy and ferroptosis was identified by R version 4.2.0. We used human melanoma and para-cancer tissues, human melanoma cell lines, and melanoma-bearing mouse tissues. We used qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, CCK-8, iron ion assay, GSH assay, and MDA assay. In vivo, the ferroptosis activation and antitumor effects of recombinant human ALOX5 protein were evaluated using a xenograft model. RESULT We report that the downregulation of ALOX5 in melanoma is positively correlated with the prognosis of patients and is an independent prognostic factor. Elevated ALOX5 contributes to autophagy and ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. At the same time, inhibition of autophagy can reduce ferroptosis enhanced by ALOX5, and autophagy and ALOX5 have a synergistic effect. The results of the mechanistic study showed that the increase in ALOX5 could activate the AMPK/mTOR pathway and inhibit GPX4 expression, promoting the occurrence of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis, while the decrease in p-AMPK/AMPK inhibited the occurrence of ferroptosis. CONCLUSION ALOX5 deficiency was resistant to autophagy and ferroptosis by inhibiting the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Therefore, it can provide new targets and methods for melanoma drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingrui Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,China.
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Zhao Q, Sun Z, Pan Y, Jing Q, Li W, Wang C. Role of ALOX5 in non-small cell lung cancer: A potential therapeutic target associated with immune cell infiltration. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:311-322. [PMID: 37164914 PMCID: PMC10930070 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The efficacy of immunotherapy for lung cancer is closely related to immune cell infiltration. Arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) can activate inflammatory responses and trigger various cell death patterns; however, the relevance of ALOX5 to immune cell infiltration in lung cancer is unclear. The expression of ALOX5 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is analyzed using an online database to explore the correlation between ALOX5 and immune cell infiltration in NSCLC and its relationship with prognosis. METHODS Differences in ALOX5 expression in NSCLC and normal lung tissues were analyzed by online databases such as TIMER, GEPIA and HPA; the UALCAN database was used to reveal the relationship between ALOX5 and clinical features; Kaplan-Meier database was applied to explore the prognostic value of ALOX5; GeneMANIA and String Website was used to explore genes and proteins associated with ALOX5 expression, respectively; the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used to analyze ALOX5 differential genes which were picked up through the TCGA database; GSEA software was applied to predict the signal pathways that ALOX5 may be involved in; and the TIMER database was used to analyze the effect of ALOX5 expression on the level of immune cell infiltration. RESULTS Compared with the normal lung tissues, the ALOX5 expression was low in NSCLC tissues (P<0.05), and which affected the prognosis of lung cancer patients. The expression level of ALOX5 was related to clinical features such as sex, age, metastasis, and pathological staging in NSCLC patients (all P<0.05). The gene interaction network analysis found that the genes interacting with ALOX5 mainly included the genes related to lipid oxidation and pro-inflammatory mediators such as coactosin like protein 1 (COTL1), leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and the protein-protein interaction analysis results were consistent. GO and KEGG analysis found that ALOX5 was involved in the biological process of activation of immune cell function and was involved in immune response function pathways. The GSEA analysis showed that ALOX5 may activate immune responses and mediate immune-related prognosis by affecting the cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, natural killer-mediated cytotoxicity, and T cell receptor signaling pathways. The ALOX5 mRNA expressions in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma were positively correlated with the tumor infiltration immune cells (B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, etc.) (all P<0.05), and the ALOX5 mRNA expression was positively correlated with the expression of classic T cell immune checkpoint inhibitor genes (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The ALOX5 gene expression in NSCLC is significantly downregulated, and which can affect NSCLC prognosis and immune cell infiltration levels. ALOX5 gene may be a potential biomarker of NSCLC prognosis associated with immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhao
- Center for Medical Integration and Practice, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012.
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Yuemei Pan
- Center for Medical Integration and Practice, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012
| | - Qi Jing
- Center for Medical Integration and Practice, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Medical Integration and Practice, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Center for Medical Integration and Practice, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012.
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Oktem EK, Aydin B, Gulfidan G, Arga KY. A Transcriptomic and Reverse-Engineering Strategy Reveals Molecular Signatures of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in 12 Cancers. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2023; 27:127-138. [PMID: 36800175 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer and arachidonic acid (AA) have important linkages. For example, AA metabolites regulate several critical biological functions associated with carcinogenesis: angiogenesis, apoptosis, and cancer invasion. However, little is known about the comparative changes in metabolite expression of the arachidonic acid pathway (AAP) in carcinogenesis. In this study, we examined transcriptome data from 12 cancers, such as breast invasive carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma. We also report here a reverse-engineering strategy wherein we estimated metabolic signatures associated with AAP by (1) making deductive inferences through transcriptome-level data extraction, (2) remodeling AA metabolism, and (3) performing a comparative analysis of cancer types to determine the similarities and differences between different cancer types with respect to AA metabolic alterations. We identified 77 AAP gene signatures differentially expressed in cancers and 37 AAP metabolites associated with them. Importantly, the metabolite 15(S)-HETE was identified in almost all cancers, while arachidonate, 5-HETE, PGF2α, 14,15-EET, 8,9-EET, 5,6-EET, and 20-HETE were discovered as other most regulated metabolites. This study shows that the 12 cancers studied herein, although in different branches of the AAP, have altered expression of AAP gene signatures. Going forward, AA related-cancer research generally, and the molecular signatures and their estimated metabolites reported herein specifically, hold broad promise for precision/personalized medicine in oncology as potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kubat Oktem
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, İstanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Aydin
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gizem Gulfidan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Identification of Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers and Druggable Targets among 205 Antioxidant Genes in 21 Different Tumor Types via Data-Mining. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020427. [PMID: 36839749 PMCID: PMC9959161 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Oxidative stress is crucial in carcinogenesis and the response of tumors to treatment. Antioxidant genes are important determinants of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We hypothesized that genes involved in the oxidative stress response may be valuable as prognostic biomarkers for the survival of cancer patients and as druggable targets. (2) Methods: We mined the KM Plotter and TCGA Timer2.0 Cistrome databases and investigated 205 antioxidant genes in 21 different tumor types within the context of this investigation. (3) Results: Of 4347 calculations with Kaplan-Meier statistics, 84 revealed statistically significant correlations between high gene expression and worse overall survival (p < 0.05; false discovery rate ≤ 5%). The tumor types for which antioxidant gene expression was most frequently correlated with worse overall survival were renal clear cell carcinoma, renal papillary cell carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Seventeen genes were clearly overexpressed in tumors compared to their corresponding normal tissues (p < 0.001), possibly qualifying them as druggable targets (i.e., ALOX5, ALOX5AP, EPHX4, G6PD, GLRX3, GSS, PDIA4, PDIA6, PRDX1, SELENOH, SELENON, STIP1, TXNDC9, TXNDC12, TXNL1, TXNL4A, and TXNRD1). (4) Conclusions: We concluded that a sub-set of antioxidant genes might serve as prognostic biomarkers for overall survival and as druggable targets. Renal and liver tumors may be the most suitable entities for this approach.
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15
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Pan RH, Zhang X, Chen ZP, Liu YJ. Arachidonate lipoxygenases 5 is a novel prognostic biomarker and correlates with high tumor immune infiltration in low-grade glioma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1027690. [PMID: 36777735 PMCID: PMC9911666 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1027690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of arachidonate lipoxygenases 5 (ALOX5) expression and methylation, and explore the immune functions of arachidonate lipoxygenases 5 expression in low-grade glioma (LGG). Materials and Methods: Using efficient bioinformatics approaches, the differential expression of arachidonate lipoxygenases 5 and the association of its expression with clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. Then, we analyzed the prognostic significance of arachidonate lipoxygenases 5 expression and its methylation level followed by immune cell infiltration analysis. The functional enrichment analysis was conducted to determine the possible regulatory pathways of arachidonate lipoxygenases 5 in low-grade glioma. Finally, the drug sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the correlation between arachidonate lipoxygenases 5 expression and chemotherapeutic drugs. Results: arachidonate lipoxygenases 5 mRNA expression was increased in low-grade glioma and its expression had a notable relation with age and subtype (p < 0.05). The elevated mRNA level of arachidonate lipoxygenases 5 could independently predict the disease-specific survival (DSS), overall survival (OS), and progression-free interval (PFI) (p < 0.05). Besides, arachidonate lipoxygenases 5 expression was negatively correlated with its methylation level and the arachidonate lipoxygenases 5 hypomethylation led to a worse prognosis (p < 0.05). The arachidonate lipoxygenases 5 expression also showed a positive connection with immune cells, while low-grade glioma patients with higher immune cell infiltration had poor survival probability (p < 0.05). Further, arachidonate lipoxygenases 5 might be involved in immune- and inflammation-related pathways. Importantly, arachidonate lipoxygenases 5 expression was negatively related to drug sensitivity. Conclusion: arachidonate lipoxygenases 5 might be a promising biomarker, and it probably occupies a vital role in immune cell infiltration in low-grade glioma.
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16
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Dong L, Wang H, Chen K, Li Y. Roles of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in diabetes (HETEs and diabetes). Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Chen X, Xie H, Liu Y, Ou Q, Deng S. Interference of ALOX5 alleviates inflammation and fibrosis in high glucose‑induced renal mesangial cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:34. [PMID: 36605525 PMCID: PMC9798157 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), seriously threatening the health of individuals. The 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) gene has been reported to be associated with diabetes, but whether it is involved in DN remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the role of ALOX5 in DN and to clarify the potential mechanism. Mouse renal mesangial cells (SV40 MES-13) were treated with high glucose (HG) to mimic a DN model in vitro. The expression level of ALOX5 was assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometric assays were performed to determine cell proliferation, the cell cycle and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence was carried out to detect the expression of Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The inflammatory cytokines were assessed using ELISA. The expression of fibrosis- and NF-κB-related proteins was determined using western blotting. The results revealed that ALOX5 was significantly upregulated in HG-induced SV40 MES-13 cells. Interference of ALOX5 greatly hindered HG-induced cell viability loss, as well as increasing the expression of Ki67 and PCNA. In addition, HG induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and cell apoptosis, which were then partly abolished by interference of ALOX5. Moreover, the elevated production of inflammatory cytokines and upregulated fibrosis-related proteins induced by HG were weakened by interference of ALOX5. Eventually, interference of ALOX5 was found to reduce the activity of NF-κB signaling in HG-induced SV40 MES-13 cells. Collectively, interference of ALOX5 serves as a protective role in HG-induced kidney cell injury, providing a potential therapeutic strategy of DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Xiaotao Chen, Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, 25 Renmin West Road, Beihu, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Hongwu Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan 423001, P.R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Qiujuan Ou
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Shuaijie Deng
- Century College, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 102101, P.R. China
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Pelosi AC, Fernandes AMAP, Maciel LF, Silva AAR, Mendes GC, Bueno LF, Silva LMF, Bredariol RF, Santana MG, Porcari AM, Priolli DG. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics: A useful tool for investigating tumor secretome based on a three-dimensional co-culture model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274623. [PMID: 36129929 PMCID: PMC9491614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technologies, which more closely mimic the complex microenvironment of tissue, are being increasingly evaluated as a tool for the preclinical screening of clinically promising new molecules, and studying of tissue metabolism. Studies of metabolites released into the extracellular space (secretome) allow understanding the metabolic dynamics of tissues and changes caused by therapeutic interventions. Although quite advanced in the field of proteomics, studies on the secretome of low molecular weight metabolites (< 1500 Da) are still very scarce. We present an untargeted metabolomic protocol based on the hybrid technique of liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of low-molecular-weight metabolites released into the culture medium by 3D cultures and co-culture (secretome model). For that we analyzed HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in 3D-monoculture and 3D-co-culture. The putative identification of the metabolites indicated a sort of metabolites, among them arachidonic acid, glyceric acid, docosapentaenoic acid and beta-Alanine which are related to cancer and obesity. This protocol represents a possibility to list metabolites released in the extracellular environment in a comprehensive and untargeted manner, opening the way for the generation of metabolic hypotheses that will certainly contribute to the understanding of tissue metabolism, tissue-tissue interactions, and metabolic responses to the most varied interventions. Moreover, it brings the potential to determine novel pathways and accurately identify biomarkers in cancer and other diseases. The metabolites indicated in our study have a close relationship with the tumor microenvironment in accordance with the literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C. Pelosi
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Maria A. P. Fernandes
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F. Maciel
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex A. R. Silva
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giulia C. Mendes
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luísa F. Bueno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Maria F. Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael F. Bredariol
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maycon G. Santana
- Multiprofessional Nursing Residency Program in Oncology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia M. Porcari
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise G. Priolli
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Yang L, Wei S, Zhang J, Hu Q, Hu W, Cao M, Zhang L, Wang Y, Wang P, Wang K. Construction of a predictive model for immunotherapy efficacy in lung squamous cell carcinoma based on the degree of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and molecular typing. Lab Invest 2022; 20:364. [PMID: 35962453 PMCID: PMC9373274 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background To construct a predictive model of immunotherapy efficacy for patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) based on the degree of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods The data of 501 patients with LUSC in the TCGA database were used as a training set, and grouped using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) based on the degree of TIIC assessed by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Two data sets (GSE126044 and GSE135222) were used as validation sets. Genes screened for modeling by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and used to construct a model based on immunophenotyping score (IPTS). RNA extraction and qPCR were performed to validate the prognostic value of IPTS in our independent LUSC cohort. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to determine the predictive value of the immune efficacy. Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic predictive ability. Correlation analysis and enrichment analysis were used to explore the potential mechanism of IPTS molecular typing involved in predicting the immunotherapy efficacy for patients with LUSC. Results The training set was divided into a low immune cell infiltration type (C1) and a high immune cell infiltration type (C2) by NMF typing, and the IPTS molecular typing based on the 17-gene model could replace the results of the NMF typing. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.82. In both validation sets, the IPTS of patients who responded to immunotherapy were significantly higher than those who did not respond to immunotherapy (P = 0.0032 and P = 0.0451), whereas the AUC was 0.95 (95% CI = 1.00–0.84) and 0.77 (95% CI = 0.58–0.96), respectively. In our independent cohort, we validated its ability to predict the response to cancer immunotherapy, for the AUC was 0.88 (95% CI = 1.00–0.66). GSEA suggested that the high IPTS group was mainly involved in immune-related signaling pathways. Conclusions IPTS molecular typing based on the degree of TIIC in the TME could well predict the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with LUSC with a certain prognostic value. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03565-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingge Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Shuli Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingnan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Qiongjie Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Wansong Hu
- Department of Heart Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Mengqing Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Yongfang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingli Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China.
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20
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Zhang HC, Deng SH, Pi YN, Guo JN, Xi H, Shi X, Yang XF, Zhang BM, Xue WN, Cui BB, Liu YL. Identification and Validation in a Novel Quantification System of Ferroptosis Patterns for the Prediction of Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Left- and Right-Sided Colon Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:855849. [PMID: 35444656 PMCID: PMC9014300 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to establish a novel quantification system of ferroptosis patterns and comprehensively analyze the relationship between ferroptosis score (FS) and the immune cell infiltration (ICI) characterization, tumor mutation burden (TMB), prognosis, and therapeutic sensitivity in left-sided and right-sided colon cancers (LCCs and RCCs, respectively). Methods We comprehensively evaluated the ferroptosis patterns in 444 LCCs and RCCs based on 59 ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs). The FS was constructed to quantify ferroptosis patterns by using principal component analysis algorithms. Next, the prognostic value and therapeutic sensitivities were evaluated using multiple methods. Finally, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the key FRGs. The IMvigor210 cohort, TCGA-COAD proteomics cohort, and Immunophenoscores were used to verify the predictive abilities of FS and the key FRGs. Results Two ferroptosis clusters were determined. Ferroptosis cluster B demonstrated a high degree of congenital ICI and stromal-related signal enrichment with a poor prognosis. The prognosis, response of targeted inhibitors, and immunotherapy were significantly different between high and low FS groups (HSG and LSG, respectively). HSG was characterized by high TMB and microsatellite instability-high subtype with poor prognosis. Meanwhile, LSG was more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. ALOX5 was identified as a key FRG based on FS. Patients with high protein levels of ALOX5 had poorer prognoses. Conclusion This work revealed that the evaluation of ferroptosis subtypes will contribute to gaining insight into the heterogeneity in LCCs and RCCs. The quantification for ferroptosis patterns played a non-negligible role in predicting ICI characterization, prognosis, and individualized immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Chun Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shen-Hui Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ya-Nan Pi
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jun-Nan Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Xi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Fei Yang
- The First Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo-Miao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wei-Nan Xue
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Bin-Bin Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Long Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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21
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Rahman MA, Ahmed KR, Rahman MDH, Park MN, Kim B. Potential Therapeutic Action of Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Managements: Novel Treatment Strategies and Pharmacological Interventions. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:813703. [PMID: 35153766 PMCID: PMC8834883 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.813703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), second most leading cause of cancer-associated mortality globally, is the cancer of gastrointestinal tract in which malignant cells form in lining of the stomach, resulting in indigestion, pain, and stomach discomfort. Autophagy is an intracellular system in which misfolded, aggregated, and damaged proteins, as well as organelles, are degraded by the lysosomal pathway, and avoiding abnormal accumulation of huge quantities of harmful cellular constituents. However, the exact molecular mechanism of autophagy-mediated GC management has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we emphasized the role of autophagy in the modulation and development of GC transformation in addition to underlying the molecular mechanisms of autophagy-mediated regulation of GC. Accumulating evidences have revealed that targeting autophagy by small molecule activators or inhibitors has become one of the greatest auspicious approaches for GC managements. Particularly, it has been verified that phytochemicals play an important role in treatment as well as prevention of GC. However, use of combination therapies of autophagy modulators in order to overcome the drug resistance through GC treatment will provide novel opportunities to develop promising GC therapeutic approaches. In addition, investigations of the pathophysiological mechanism of GC with potential challenges are urgently needed, as well as limitations of the modulation of autophagy-mediated therapeutic strategies. Therefore, in this review, we would like to deliver an existing standard molecular treatment strategy focusing on the relationship between chemotherapeutic drugs and autophagy, which will help to improve the current treatments of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Global Biotechnology and Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Rejvee Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - MD. Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Global Biotechnology and Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Bangladesh
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Tang J, Zhang C, Lin J, Duan P, Long J, Zhu H. ALOX5-5-HETE promotes gastric cancer growth and alleviates chemotherapy toxicity via MEK/ERK activation. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5246-5255. [PMID: 34121352 PMCID: PMC8335819 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies highlight the regulatory role of arachidonate lipoxygenase5 (Alox5) and its metabolite 5‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5‐HETE) in cancer tumorigenesis and progression. In this study, we analyzed the expression, biological function and the downstream signaling of Alox5 in gastric cancer. Methods Alox5 protein levels were measured using IHC and ELISA. Growth, migration and survival assays were performed. Phosphorylation of molecules involved in growth and survival signaling were analyzed by WB. Analysis of variance and t‐test were used for statistic analysis. Results Alox5 and 5‐HETE levels were upregulated in gastric cancer patients. ALOX5 overexpression or 5‐HETE addition activates gastric cancer cells and reduces chemotherapy’s efficacy. In contrast, ALOX5 inhibition via genetic and pharmacological approaches suppresses gastric cancer cells and enhances chemotherapy’s efficacy. In addition, Alox5 inhibition led to suppression of ERK‐mediated signaling pathways whereas ALOX5‐5‐HETE activates ERK‐mediated signaling in gastric cancer cells. Conclusions Our work demonstrates the critical role of ALOX5‐5‐HETE in gastric cancer and provides pre‐clinical evidence to initialize clinical trial using zileuton in combination with chemotherapy for treating gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jingjing Lin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xiangyang, China
| | - Peng Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jian Long
- Department of Oncology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
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