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Adawy A, Komohara Y, Hibi T. Tumor-associated macrophages: The key player in hepatoblastoma microenvironment and the promising therapeutic target. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:249-253. [PMID: 38923004 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment of hepatoblastoma (HB), the most common pediatric liver tumor, predominantly exhibits a myeloid immune landscape. in which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are considered the core component. The crosstalk between TAMs and HB cells markedly influences tumor behavior. TAM-derived factors are involved in tumor proliferation and vascular invasion. On the other hand, HB cell secretome attracts, stimulates, and reprograms TAMs to be immunosuppressive in favor of tumor invasion, rather than their innate role in combating tumor growth, such crosstalk sometimes forms bidirectional feedback loops, making the tumor more virulent and resistant to routine therapeutics. Consequently, TAMs are the common denominator of most suggested HB immunotherapeutic strategies. Macrophage immune checkpoint inhibitors, macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and the novel chimeric antigen receptor macrophage therapy (CAR Mφ) are currently under trial. In this review, we will summarize the significance of TAMs and their potential role as a therapeutic target in HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Adawy
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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Hirao H, Adawy A, Li L, Yoshii D, Yano H, Fujiwara Y, Honda M, Harada M, Yamamoto M, Komohara Y, Hibi T. The expression analysis of SerpinB9 in hepatoblastoma microenvironment. Pediatr Surg Int 2024; 40:55. [PMID: 38347163 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-024-05647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this research, we analyzed the expression of serpinB9 in hepatoblastoma and investigated the factors which enhance its expression. METHOD SerpinB9 expression in hepatoblastoma cell lines and macrophages co-cultured with each other or stimulated by anticancer agents was examined using RT-qPCR and western blotting. Immunohistochemistry for SerpinB9 in hepatoblastoma specimens was performed. Single-cell RNA-sequence data for hepatoblastoma from an online database were analyzed to investigate which types of cells express SerpinB9. RESULT HepG2, a hepatoblastoma cell line, exhibited increased expression of SerpinB9 when indirectly co-cultured with macrophages. Immunohistochemistry for the specimens demonstrated that serpinB9 is positive not in hepatoblastoma cells but in macrophages. Single-cell RNA sequence analysis in tissues from hepatoblastoma patients showed that macrophages expressed SerpinB9 more than tumor cells did. Co-culture of macrophages with hepatoblastoma cell lines led to the enhanced expression of SerpinB9 in both macrophages and cell lines. Anticancer agents induced an elevation of SerpinB9 in hepatoblastomas cell lines. CONCLUSION In hepatoblastoma, SerpinB9 is thought to be more highly expressed in macrophages and enhanced by interaction with hepatoblastoma cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hirao
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ahmad Adawy
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Lianbo Li
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- School of Medicine, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Daiki Yoshii
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yano
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaki Honda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mamoru Harada
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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Adawy A, Li L, Hirao H, Irie T, Yoshii D, Yano H, Fujiwara Y, Esumi S, Honda M, Suzu S, Komohara Y, Hibi T. Potential involvement of IL-32 in cell-to-cell communication between macrophages and hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:275. [PMID: 37751001 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the expression of interleukin 32 (IL-32) in hepatoblastoma, the most common primary pediatric liver tumor, and its possible roles in tumorigenesis. METHODS IL-32 expression was investigated in two hepatoblastoma cell lines (Hep G2 and HuH 6) in the steady state and after co-culture with macrophages by RNA-seq analysis and RT-qPCR, and after stimulation with chemotherapy. Cultured macrophages were stimulated by IL-32 isoforms followed by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. IL-32 immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was performed using specimens from 21 hepatoblastoma patients. Clustering analysis was also performed using scRNA-seq data downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. RESULTS The IL-32 gene is expressed by hepatoblastoma cell lines; expression is upregulated by paracrine cell-cell communication with macrophages, also by carboplatin and etoposide. IL-32 causes protumor activation of macrophages with upregulation of PD-L1, IDO-1, IL-6, and IL-10. In the patient pool, IHC was positive only in 48% of cases. However, in the downloaded dataset, IL-32 gene expression was negative. CONCLUSION IL-32 was detected in hepatoblastoma cell lines, but not in all hepatoblastoma patients. We hypothesized that stimulation such as chemotherapy might induce expression of IL-32, which might be a critical mediator of chemoresistance in hepatoblastoma through inducing protumor activation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Adawy
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lianbo Li
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Hiroki Hirao
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Irie
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daiki Yoshii
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yano
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Esumi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Honda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Suzu
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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Zhang D, Cui X, Li Y, Wang R, Wang H, Dai Y, Ren Q, Wang L, Zheng G. Sox13 and M2-like leukemia-associated macrophages contribute to endogenous IL-34 caused accelerated progression of acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:308. [PMID: 37149693 PMCID: PMC10164149 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 34 (IL-34) mainly plays physiologic and pathologic roles through the sophisticated multi-ligand signaling system, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF, CSF-1)/IL-34-CSF-1R axis, which exhibits functional redundancy, tissue-restriction and diversity. This axis is vital for the survival, differentiation and function of monocytic lineage cells and plays pathologic roles in a broad range of diseases. However, the role of IL-34 in leukemia has not been established. Here MLL-AF9 induced mouse acute myeloid leukemia (AML) model overexpressing IL-34 (MA9-IL-34) was used to explore its role in AML. MA9-IL-34 mice exhibited accelerated disease progression and short survival time with significant subcutaneous infiltration of AML cells. MA9-IL-34 cells showed increased proliferation. In vitro colony forming assays and limiting dilution transplantation experiments demonstrated that MA9-IL-34 cells had elevated leukemia stem cell (LSC) levels. Gene expression microarray analysis revealed a panel of differential expressed genes including Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 13 (Sox13). Furthermore, a positive correlation between the expressions of IL-34 and Sox13 was detected human datasets. Knockdown of Sox13 rescued the enhanced proliferation, high LSC level and subcutaneous infiltration in MA9-IL-34 cells. Moreover, more leukemia-associated macrophages (LAMs) were detected in MA9-IL-34 microenvironment. Additionally, those LAMs showed M2-like phenotype since they expressed high level of M2-associated genes and had attenuated phagocytic potential, suggesting that LAMs should also contribute to IL-34 caused adverse phenotypes. Therefore, our findings uncover the intrinsic and microenvironmental mechanisms of IL-34 in AML and broadens the knowledge of M-CSF/IL-34-CSF-1R axis in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Xiaoxi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Yifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Yibo Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Qian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Guoguang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.
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Monteleone G, Franzè E, Maresca C, Colella M, Pacifico T, Stolfi C. Targeted Therapy of Interleukin-34 as a Promising Approach to Overcome Cancer Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030971. [PMID: 36765929 PMCID: PMC9913481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy have markedly improved the management of several malignancies. However, not all cancer patients respond primarily to such therapies, and others can become resistant during treatment. Thus, identification of the factors/mechanisms underlying cancer resistance to such treatments could help develop novel effective therapeutic compounds. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are major components of the suppressive tumor microenvironment and are critical drivers of immunosuppression, creating a tumor-promoting and drug-resistant niche. In this regard, therapeutic strategies to tackle immunosuppressive cells are an interesting option to increase anti-tumor immune responses and overcome the occurrence of drug resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that interleukin-34 (IL-34), a cytokine produced by cancer cells, and/or TAMs act as a linker between induction of a tumor-associated immunosuppressive microenvironment and drug resistance. In this article, we review the current data supporting the role of IL-34 in the differentiation/function of immune suppressive cells and, hence, in the mechanisms leading to therapeutic resistance in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-20903702; Fax: +39-06-72596158
| | - Eleonora Franzè
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Maresca
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Colella
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Pacifico
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Honda M, Uchida K, Irie T, Hirukawa K, Kadohisa M, Shimata K, Isono K, Shimojima N, Sugawara Y, Hibi T. Recent advances in surgical strategies and liver transplantation for hepatoblastoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:3909-3918. [PMID: 36394165 PMCID: PMC9972171 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor in children. Although the development of treatment strategies with advances in chemotherapy has greatly improved the prognosis of HB, surgical resection and liver transplantation still play a vital role in the treatment of HB. In recent years, technological innovations have led to the development of new surgical approaches for HB. In this review, we describe the latest research on the surgical management of HB, including new imaging technologies, minimally invasive approaches, and the application of associating liver partition portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy. We also discuss the current role of liver transplantation, use of ante-situm or ex-situ liver resection with auto-transplantation, and management of metastatic HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koushi Uchida
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Irie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hirukawa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Kadohisa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keita Shimata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kaori Isono
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojima
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sugawara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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Li CH, Chen ZM, Chen PF, Meng L, Sui WN, Ying SC, Xu AM, Han WX. Interleukin-34 promotes the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cells. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1968-1980. [PMID: 36310707 PMCID: PMC9611425 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i10.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-34 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in tumor development. The role of IL-34 in the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of gastric cancer (GC) remains to be investigated. AIM To investigate whether and how IL-34 affects the proliferation of GC cells and EMT. METHODS Using immunohistochemical staining, the expression of IL-34 protein was detected in 60 paired GC and normal paracancerous tissues and the relationship between IL-34 and clinicopathological factors was analyzed. The expression of IL-34 mRNA and protein in normal gastric epithelial cell lines and GC was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, respectively. Stable IL-34 knockdown and overexpression in AGS cell lines were established by lentiviral infection and validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The cholecystokinin-8 assay, clone formation assay, cell scratch assay, and transwell system were used to detect GC cell proliferation, clone formation, migration, and invasion capacity, respectively. The effects of IL-34 on the growth of GC transplant tumors were assessed using a subcutaneous transplant tumor assay in nude mice. The effects of IL-34 on the expression level of EMT-associated proteins in AGS cells were examined by western blotting. RESULTS Expression of IL-34 protein and mRNA was higher in GC cell lines than in GES-1 cells. Compared to matched normal paraneoplastic tissues, the expression of IL-34 protein was higher in 60 GC tissues, which was correlated with tumor size, T-stage, N-stage, tumor, node and metastasis stage, and degree of differentiation. Knockdown of IL-34 expression inhibited the proliferation, clone formation, migration, and invasion of AGS cells, while overexpression of IL-34 promoted cell proliferation, clone formation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, the reduction of IL-34 promoted the expression of E-cadherin in AGS cells but inhibited the expression of vimentin and N-cadherin. Overexpression of IL-34 inhibited E-cadherin expression but promoted expression of vimentin and N-cadherin in AGS cells. Overexpression of IL-34 promoted the growth of subcutaneous transplanted tumors in nude mice. CONCLUSION IL-34 expression is increased in GC tissues and cell lines compared to normal gastric tissues or cell lines. In GC cells, IL-34 promoted proliferation, clone formation, migration, and invasion by regulating EMT-related protein expression cells. Interference with IL-34 may represent a novel strategy for diagnosis and targeted therapy of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhang-Ming Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Pei-Feng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wan-Nian Sui
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Song-Cheng Ying
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - A-Man Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
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Li L, Irie T, Yoshii D, Komohara Y, Fujiwara Y, Esumi S, Kadohisa M, Honda M, Suzu S, Matsuura T, Kohashi K, Oda Y, Hibi T. M-CSFR expression in the embryonal component of hepatoblastoma and cell-to-cell interaction between macrophages and hepatoblastoma. Med Mol Morphol 2022; 55:236-247. [PMID: 35597882 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-022-00323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have protumor functions in various cancers. However, their significance in hepatoblastoma, the most common liver tumor in children, remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the potential roles of TAMs in hepatoblastoma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the density of CD204-positive TAMs was significantly higher in the embryonal component than in other histological subtypes of hepatoblastoma. An in vitro co-culture study with Huh6 cells and human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) showed that macrophage-colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR) was strongly up-regulated in the Huh6 cells that were directly co-cultured with HMDMs. The expressions of M-CSFR ligands (interleukin-34 and M-CSF) were also increased by co-culture with HMDMs. The proliferation of HepG2 cells (another hepatoblastoma cell line expressing M-CSFR) was inhibited by an M-CSFR inhibitor. M-CSFR was found to be highly expressed in the embryonal component and in recurrent lesions. The number of CD204-positive macrophages was also higher in the M-CSFR-positive areas than in the M-CSFR-negative areas. Thus, M-CSFR expression appeared to be induced by cell-cell contact with macrophages in hepatoblastoma cells, and M-CSFR inhibitor is potentially effective against M-CSFR-positive hepatoblastoma, especially recurrent cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbo Li
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Tomoaki Irie
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daiki Yoshii
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Esumi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Kadohisa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Honda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Suzu
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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Li X, Li X, Zhang B, He B. The Role of Cancer Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cancer Progression. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:9133658. [PMID: 35571530 PMCID: PMC9095362 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9133658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small portion of tumor cells with self-renewal ability in tumor tissues and are a key factor in tumor resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. CSCs produce a large number of exosomes through various mechanisms, such as paracrine and autocrine signaling. Studies have shown that CSC-derived exosomes (CSC-Exos) carry a variety of gene mutations and specific epigenetic modifications indicative of unique cell phenotypes and metabolic pathways, enabling exchange of information in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote tumor invasion and metastasis. In addition, CSC-Exos carry a variety of metabolites, especially proteins and miRNAs, which can activate signaling pathways to further promote tumor development. CSC-Exos have dual effects on cancer development. Due to advances in liquid biopsy technology for early cancer detection, CSCs-Exos may become an important tool for early cancer diagnosis and therapeutic drug delivery. In this article, we will review how CSC-Exos exert the above effects based on the above two aspects and explore their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Baoyu He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
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