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Amani V, Riemondy KA, Fu R, Griesinger AM, Grimaldo E, De Sousa GR, Gilani A, Hemenway M, Foreman NK, Donson AM, Willard N. Integration of single-nuclei RNA-sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and histochemistry defines the complex microenvironment of NF1-associated plexiform neurofibromas. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:158. [PMID: 37770931 PMCID: PMC10537467 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plexiform neurofibroma (PN) is a leading cause of morbidity in children with the genetic condition Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), often disfiguring or threatening vital structures. During formation of PN, a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) develops, with recruitment of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cell types being critical for growth and progression. Due to the cohesive cellularity of PN, single-cell RNA-sequencing is difficult and may result in a loss of detection of critical cellular subpopulations. To bypass this barrier, we performed single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) on 8 frozen PN samples, and integrated this with spatial transcriptomics (ST) in 4 PN samples and immunohistochemistry to provide morphological context to transcriptomic data. SnRNA-seq analysis definitively charted the heterogeneous cellular subpopulations in the PN TME, with the predominant fraction being fibroblast subtypes. PN showed a remarkable amount of inter-sample homogeneity regarding cellular subpopulation proportions despite being resected from a variety of anatomical locations. ST analysis identified distinct cellular subpopulations which were annotated using snRNA-seq data and correlated with histological features. Schwann cell/fibroblast interactions were identified by receptor/ligand interaction analysis demonstrating a high probability of Neurexin 1/Neuroligin 1 (NRXN1/NLGN1) receptor-ligand cross-talk predicted between fibroblasts and non-myelinated Schwann cells (NM-SC) and subtypes, respectively. We observed aberrant expression of NRXN1 and NLGN1 in our PN snRNA-seq data compared to a normal mouse sciatic nerve single-cell RNA-seq dataset. This pathway has never been described in PN and may indicate a clear and direct communication pathway between putative NM-SC cells of origin and surrounding fibroblasts, potentially driving disease progression. SnRNA-seq integrated with spatial transcriptomics advances our understanding of the complex cellular heterogeneity of PN TME and identify potential novel communication pathways that may drive disease progression, a finding that could provide translational therapy options for patients with these devastating tumors of childhood and early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Amani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Kent A Riemondy
- RNA Biosciences Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rui Fu
- Computational Biology, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea M Griesinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Enrique Grimaldo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Graziella Ribeiro De Sousa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ahmed Gilani
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Molly Hemenway
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas K Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew M Donson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Willard
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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2
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Li S, Hu J, Li G, Mai H, Gao Y, Liang B, Wu H, Guo J, Duan Y. Epigenetic regulation of LINC01270 in breast cancer progression by mediating LAMA2 promoter methylation and MAPK signaling pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1359-1375. [PMID: 36241925 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Application of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) for modulation of breast cancer (BC) has attracted much attention. Here, we probed into the role and underlying mechanism of long intergenic non-coding RNA 01270 (LINC01270) in BC. With the help of bioinformatics tools, we identified laminin subunit alpha 2 (LAMA2) as a BC-related differentially expressed gene to discern the effect of LAMA2 in BC cells. LAMA2 was initially poorly expressed while LINC01270 was highly expressed in BC. BC cells were subsequently treated with sh-LINC01270 or/and sh-LAMA2 for exploration of their regulatory mechanism in BC, which unfolded that LINC01270 inhibition up-regulated LAMA2 and inactivated the MAPK signaling pathway to suppress malignant characteristics of BC cells. Functional assays demonstrated that LINC01270 bound to DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b promoted the methylation of CpG islands in LAMA2 promoter and inhibited the LAMA2 expression. Moreover, our data suggested that LAMA2 suppressed MAPK signaling pathway to inhibit BC cell malignant characteristics. The in vitro results were re-produced with the help of the in vivo experimentations. In conclusion, LINC01270 silencing inhibited the methylation of LAMA2 promoter to suppress the activation of MAPK signaling pathway, which subsequently restrained the BC progression. 1, Overexpression of LAMA2 inhibits malignant features of BC cells. 2, LINC01270 promotes LAMA2 promoter methylation by recruiting DNMTs to the LAMA2 promoter region. 3, 5-aza-dc reverses the promotion of LAMA2 promoter methylation by LINC01270. 4, LAMA2 inhibits malignant features of BC cells by suppressing the activation of MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiamei Hu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guisen Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifen Mai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfei Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bichan Liang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huacong Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianling Guo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Duan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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3
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Arockiaraj AI, Johnson MA, Munir A, Ekambaram P, Lucas PC, McAllister-Lucas LM, Kemaladewi DU. CRISPRa-induced upregulation of human LAMA1 compensates for LAMA2-deficiency in Merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531347. [PMID: 36945402 PMCID: PMC10028808 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (MDC1A) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene, resulting in a defective form of the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2 (LAMA2). Individuals diagnosed with MDC1A exhibit progressive muscle wasting and declining neuromuscular functions. No treatments for this disorder are currently available. We previously showed that postnatal Lama1 upregulation, achieved through CRISPR activation (CRISPRa), compensates for Lama2 deficiency and prevents neuromuscular pathophysiology in a mouse model of MDC1A. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of upregulating human LAMA1 as a potential therapeutic strategy for individuals with MDC1A, regardless of their mutations. We hypothesized that CRISPRa-mediated upregulation of human LAMA1 would compensate for the lack of LAMA2 and rescue cellular abnormalities in MDC1A fibroblasts. Global transcriptomic and pathway enrichment analyses of fibroblasts collected from individuals carrying pathogenic LAMA2 mutations, compared with healthy controls, indicated higher expression of transcripts encoding proteins that contribute to wound healing, including Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) and Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF). These findings were supported by wound-healing assays indicating that MDC1A fibroblasts migrated significantly more rapidly than the controls. Subsequently, we treated the MDC1A fibroblasts with SadCas9-2XVP64 and sgRNAs targeting the LAMA1 promoter. We observed robust LAMA1 expression, which was accompanied by significant decreases in cell migration and expression of FGFR2, TGF-β2, and ACTA2, which are involved in the wound-healing mechanism in MDC1A fibroblasts. Collectively, our data suggest that CRISPRa-mediated LAMA1 upregulation may be a feasible mutation-independent therapeutic approach for MDC1A. This strategy might be adapted to address other neuromuscular diseases and inherited conditions in which strong compensatory mechanisms have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie I. Arockiaraj
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Marie A. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Anushe Munir
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Prasanna Ekambaram
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Peter C. Lucas
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - Dwi U. Kemaladewi
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
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Kumari J, Das K, Patil A, Babaei M, Cockerell CJ, Goldust M. Clinical update on cutaneous and subcutaneous sarcomas. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:402-409. [PMID: 36074118 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous sarcomas are uncommon cancers that can have a wide range of clinical symptoms and lead to considerable cutaneous as well as systemic morbidity. AIM The objective of this review article is to discuss epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and therapy of different types of cutaneous sarcomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS Literature was screened to retrieve articles from PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar and related websites. Cross-references from the relevant articles were also considered for review. Review articles, clinical studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and relevant information from selected websites were included. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Cutaneous sarcomas have a negative effect on the quality of life. In their diagnosis, clinical presentation and histological evaluation are crucial. Complete surgical removal is the solution for more or less all cutaneous and subcutaneous sarcomas. The prognosis for cutaneous sarcomas is generally favorable since they tend to recur locally with distant metastases only on rare occasions. Patients having advanced disease should be treated in the setting of clinical trials if possible; choices include radiation therapy and systemic medicines. The value of innovative immunotherapy cannot be determined decisively at this time due to a paucity of relevant trials. CONCLUSION As cutaneous sarcomas are rarely diagnosed based on clinical findings, histology plays an important role in the diagnosis. They have a relatively favorable prognosis if treated properly. Patients should be treated at specialized centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kumari
- Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Kinnor Das
- Department of Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy, Silchar Medical College, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Anant Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Mahsa Babaei
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Clay J Cockerell
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Cockerell Dermatopathology, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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5
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Paparella MT, Eusebi L, Mazzucchelli R, Guglielmi G. Lumbar malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: a rare case in a young patient. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022095. [PMID: 35420598 PMCID: PMC10510982 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93is1.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma that originate from peripheral nerves or from cells associated with the nerve sheath. We report the case of a 30‑year‑old male patient with a history of neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1) and a MPNST located in the lumbar region. The mass was resecated but surgical margins weren't clear. Recurrence of disease was observed after few months. A close monitoring of subjects with NF-1 is crucial to diagnose MPNST at an earlier stage and allow a complete surgical resection.
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Roundhill EA, Chicon-Bosch M, Jeys L, Parry M, Rankin KS, Droop A, Burchill SA. RNA sequencing and functional studies of patient-derived cells reveal that neurexin-1 and regulators of this pathway are associated with poor outcomes in Ewing sarcoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:1065-1085. [PMID: 34403115 PMCID: PMC8516792 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The development of biomarkers and molecularly targeted therapies for patients with Ewing sarcoma (ES) in order to minimise morbidity and improve outcome is urgently needed. Here, we set out to isolate and characterise patient-derived ES primary cell cultures and daughter cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) to identify biomarkers of high-risk disease and candidate therapeutic targets. Methods Thirty-two patient-derived primary cultures were established from treatment-naïve tumours and primary ES-CSCs isolated from these cultures using functional methods. By RNA-sequencing we analysed the transcriptome of ES patient-derived cells (n = 24) and ES-CSCs (n = 11) to identify the most abundant and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Expression of the top DEG(s) in ES-CSCs compared to ES cells was validated at both RNA and protein levels. The functional and prognostic potential of the most significant gene (neurexin-1) was investigated using knock-down studies and immunohistochemistry of two independent tumour cohorts. Results ES-CSCs were isolated from all primary cell cultures, consistent with the premise that ES is a CSC driven cancer. Transcriptional profiling confirmed that these cells were of mesenchymal origin, revealed novel cell surface targets for therapy that regulate cell-extracellular matrix interactions and identified candidate drivers of progression and relapse. High expression of neurexin-1 and low levels of regulators of its activity, APBA1 and NLGN4X, were associated with poor event-free and overall survival rates. Knock-down of neurexin-1 decreased viable cell numbers and spheroid formation. Conclusions Genes that regulate extracellular interactions, including neurexin-1, are candidate therapeutic targets in ES. High levels of neurexin-1 at diagnosis are associated with poor outcome and identify patients with localised disease that will relapse. These patients could benefit from more intensive or novel treatment modalities. The prognostic significance of neurexin-1 should be validated independently. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13402-021-00619-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ann Roundhill
- Children's Cancer Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Mariona Chicon-Bosch
- Children's Cancer Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Lee Jeys
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| | - Michael Parry
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| | - Kenneth S Rankin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AD, UK
| | - Alastair Droop
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Susan Ann Burchill
- Children's Cancer Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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7
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von Stedingk K, Stjernfelt KJ, Kvist A, Wahlström C, Kristoffersson U, Stenmark-Askmalm M, Wiebe T, Hjorth L, Koster J, Olsson H, Øra I. Prevalence of germline pathogenic variants in 22 cancer susceptibility genes in Swedish pediatric cancer patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5307. [PMID: 33674644 PMCID: PMC7935871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 10% of pediatric cancer patients harbor pathogenic germline variants in one or more cancer susceptibility genes. A recent study from the US reported pathogenic variants in 22 out of 60 analyzed autosomal dominant cancer susceptibility genes, implicating 8.5% of pediatric cancer patients. Here we aimed to assess the prevalence of germline pathogenic variants in these 22 genes in a population-based Swedish cohort and to compare the results to those described in other populations. We found pathogenic variants in 10 of the 22 genes covering 3.8% of these patients. The prevalence of TP53 mutations was significantly lower than described in previous studies, which can largely be attributed to differences in tumor diagnosis distributions across the three cohorts. Matched family history for relatives allowed assessment of familial cancer incidence, however, no significant difference in cancer incidence was found in families of children carrying pathogenic variants compared to those who did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer von Stedingk
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lasarettsgatan 40, 22185, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Oncogenomics, University Medical Center, AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Karl-Johan Stjernfelt
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lasarettsgatan 40, 22185, Lund, Sweden.,Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Kvist
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Wahlström
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Kristoffersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Stenmark-Askmalm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Wiebe
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lasarettsgatan 40, 22185, Lund, Sweden.,Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Hjorth
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lasarettsgatan 40, 22185, Lund, Sweden.,Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, University Medical Center, AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Øra
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lasarettsgatan 40, 22185, Lund, Sweden.,Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Avila C, Angulo-Preckler C. Bioactive Compounds from Marine Heterobranchs. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:657. [PMID: 33371188 PMCID: PMC7767343 DOI: 10.3390/md18120657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural products of heterobranch molluscs display a huge variability both in structure and in their bioactivity. Despite the considerable lack of information, it can be observed from the recent literature that this group of animals possesses an astonishing arsenal of molecules from different origins that provide the molluscs with potent chemicals that are ecologically and pharmacologically relevant. In this review, we analyze the bioactivity of more than 450 compounds from ca. 400 species of heterobranch molluscs that are useful for the snails to protect themselves in different ways and/or that may be useful to us because of their pharmacological activities. Their ecological activities include predator avoidance, toxicity, antimicrobials, antifouling, trail-following and alarm pheromones, sunscreens and UV protection, tissue regeneration, and others. The most studied ecological activity is predation avoidance, followed by toxicity. Their pharmacological activities consist of cytotoxicity and antitumoral activity; antibiotic, antiparasitic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activity; and activity against neurodegenerative diseases and others. The most studied pharmacological activities are cytotoxicity and anticancer activities, followed by antibiotic activity. Overall, it can be observed that heterobranch molluscs are extremely interesting in regard to the study of marine natural products in terms of both chemical ecology and biotechnology studies, providing many leads for further detailed research in these fields in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Carlos Angulo-Preckler
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
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9
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MotieGhader H, Masoudi-Sobhanzadeh Y, Ashtiani SH, Masoudi-Nejad A. mRNA and microRNA selection for breast cancer molecular subtype stratification using meta-heuristic based algorithms. Genomics 2020; 112:3207-3217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Mex3a interacts with LAMA2 to promote lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via PI3K/AKT pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:614. [PMID: 32792503 PMCID: PMC7427100 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main subtype of lung cancer. In this study, we found that RBP Mex3a was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues and elevated Mex3a expression was associated with poor LUAD prognosis and metastasis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Mex3a knockdown significantly inhibited LUAD cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in nude mice. Transcriptome sequencing indicated that Mex3a affected gene expression linked to ECM-receptor interactions, including laminin subunit alpha 2(LAMA2). RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay revealed Mex3a directly bound to LAMA2 mRNA and Mex3a increased the instability of LAMA2 mRNA in LUAD cells. Furthermore, we discovered that LAMA2 was surprisingly downregulated in LUAD and inhibited LUAD metastasis. LAMA2 knockdown partially reverse the decrease of cell migration and invasion caused by Mex3a knockdown. In addition, we found that both Mex3a and LAMA2 could influence PI3K-AKT pathway, which are downstream effectors of the ECM-receptor pathway. Moreover, the reduced activation of PI3K-AKT pathway in caused by Mex3a depletion was rescued by LAMA2 knockdown. In conclusion, we demonstrated that Mex3a downregulates LAMA2 expression to exert a prometastatic role in LUAD. Our study revealed the prognostic and prometastatic effects of Mex3a in LUAD, suggesting that Mex3a can serve as a prognostic biomarker and a target for metastatic therapy.
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11
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Edris Sharif Rahmani, Azarpara H, Abazari MF, Mohajeri MR, Nasimi M, Ghorbani R, Azizpour A, Rahimi H. Novel Mutation C.7348C>T in NF1 Gene Identified by Whole-Exome Sequencing in Patient with Overlapping Clinical Symptoms of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba Syndrome. CYTOL GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452720040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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From Genes to -Omics: The Evolving Molecular Landscape of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060691. [PMID: 32599735 PMCID: PMC7349243 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are rare, aggressive soft tissue sarcomas that occur with significantly increased incidence in people with the neuro-genetic syndrome neurofibromatosis type I (NF1). These complex karyotype sarcomas are often difficult to resect completely due to the involvement of neurovascular bundles, and are relatively chemotherapy- and radiation-insensitive. The lifetime risk of developing MPNST in the NF1 population has led to great efforts to characterize the genetic changes that drive the development of these tumors and identify mutations that may be used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Advancements in genetic sequencing and genomic technologies have greatly enhanced researchers’ abilities to broadly and deeply investigate aberrations in human MPNST genomes. Here, we review genetic sequencing efforts in human MPNST samples over the past three decades. Particularly for NF1-associated MPNST, these overall sequencing efforts have converged on a set of four common genetic changes that occur in most MPNST, including mutations in neurofibromin 1 (NF1), CDKN2A, TP53, and members of the polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2). However, broader genomic studies have also identified recurrent but less prevalent genetic variants in human MPNST that also contribute to the molecular landscape of MPNST and may inform further research. Future studies to further define the molecular landscape of human MPNST should focus on collaborative efforts across multiple institutions in order to maximize information gathered from large numbers of well-annotated MPNST patient samples, both in the NF1 and the sporadic MPNST populations.
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13
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Alessio G, Guerriero S, Albano V, Piscitelli D, Falcone V, Lastella P, Resta N, Stella A. Neurofibromatosis type 1 and melanoma of the iris arising from a dysplastic nevus: A rare yet casual association? Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 31:NP45-NP49. [PMID: 32064917 DOI: 10.1177/1120672120906999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the molecular causes of an unusual pigmented and ulcerated iris lesion detected in a patient diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). CASE REPORT A 52-year-old man was referred to our clinic with a non-traumatic ulcer in his left eye. Hyphema reabsorption disclosed a pigmented iris mass, thus ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment fluorescein angiography were performed to investigate for the presence of a malignant lesion. Upon angiography, the lesion appeared highly vascularized but prevented posterior iris examination. Therefore, a gonioscopy was executed revealing extension of the lesion into the peripheral iris. Histopathology of the excisional iris biopsy revealed iris melanoma over a dysplastic nevus. NF1 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by pigmented cutaneous lesions, multiple skin tumors, and spinal and cranial nerve tumors. Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Up to 92% of cutaneous melanomas occur in patients with dysplastic nevus syndrome. Skin melanomas have been found in 0.1%-5.4% of NF1 patients. In literature, only 18 reports of uveal melanoma have been documented in association with NF1, including three cases of iris melanoma. RESULTS NF1 gene testing identified a causative mutation in the germline but no loss of the wild-type allele in the iris melanoma. CONCLUSIONS Occurrence of both diseases in one patient is extremely rare, but the common origin of Schwann cells and melanoblasts suggests a non-casual association. Therefore, we propose that NF1 patients should be screened for nevi, both cutaneous and uveal, for better patients' management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Alessio
- Unità Operativa Oftalmologia Universitaria, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze ed Organi di Senso, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvana Guerriero
- Unità Operativa Oftalmologia Universitaria, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze ed Organi di Senso, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Albano
- Unità Operativa Oftalmologia Universitaria, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze ed Organi di Senso, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Piscitelli
- Unità Operativa Anatomia Patologica Universitaria, Dipartimento dell'Emergenza e dei Trapianti d'organo (DETO), Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Veronica Falcone
- Unità Operativa Anatomia Patologica Universitaria, Dipartimento dell'Emergenza e dei Trapianti d'organo (DETO), Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lastella
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stella
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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De Luca A, Frusone F, Vergine M, Cocchiara R, La Torre G, Ballesio L, Monti M, Amabile MI. Breast Cancer and Multiple Primary Malignant Tumors: Case Report and Review of the Literature. In Vivo 2019; 33:1313-1324. [PMID: 31280224 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple primary malignant neoplasms are multiple tumors with different pathogenetic origin. They may be synchronous or metachronous. The management of these conditions represents an interesting clinical scenario. A crucial aspect is the decision regarding which tumor to treat initially, and how to schedule further treatments according to individual tumor risk. This process involves a multidisciplinary physician team to ensure favorable outcomes. We describe a case report of a female patient affected by primary synchronous tumors of the breast and pectoral skin, which raised a series of diagnostic, etiological and therapeutic issues persuading us to carry out a critical review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Luca
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Frusone
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Vergine
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Cocchiara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ballesio
- Department of Radiology, Anatomo-Pathology and Oncology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Monti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Ida Amabile
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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15
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Zapata Laguado MI, Lizarazo Hurtado DV, Bonilla Gomez CE. Neurofibromatosis Type 1 - Association with Breast Cancer, Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin, and Low-Grade Peripheral Nerve Sheath Sarcoma: Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Oncol 2019; 12:228-234. [PMID: 31011321 PMCID: PMC6465749 DOI: 10.1159/000496684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a rare medical condition that raises the probability of having distinct types of malignant and benign neoplasms. Nevertheless, the association with breast cancer is rare, and metachronic neoplasia with a distinct histologic subtype is an association that has never been reported before. Here we describe a case of a primary breast tumor, with posterior development of basal cell carcinoma of the skin, and a low-grade peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma.
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16
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Frayling IM, Mautner VF, van Minkelen R, Kallionpaa RA, Aktaş S, Baralle D, Ben-Shachar S, Callaway A, Cox H, Eccles DM, Ferkal S, LaDuca H, Lázaro C, Rogers MT, Stuenkel AJ, Summerour P, Varan A, Yap YS, Zehou O, Peltonen J, Evans DG, Wolkenstein P, Upadhyaya M. Breast cancer risk in neurofibromatosis type 1 is a function of the type of NF1 gene mutation: a new genotype-phenotype correlation. J Med Genet 2018; 56:209-219. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) predisposes to breast cancer (BC), but no genotype-phenotype correlations have been described.MethodsConstitutional NF1 mutations in 78 patients with NF1 with BC (NF1-BC) were compared with the NF1 Leiden Open Variation Database (n=3432).ResultsNo cases were observed with whole or partial gene deletions (HR 0.10; 95% CI 0.006 to 1.63; p=0.014, Fisher’s exact test). There were no gross relationships with mutation position. Forty-five (64.3%; HR 6.4–83) of the 70 different mutations were more frequent than expected (p<0.05), while 52 (74.3%; HR 5.3–83) were significant when adjusted for multiple comparisons (adjusted p≤0.125; Benjamini-Hochberg). Higher proportions of both nonsense and missense mutations were also observed (adjusted p=0.254; Benjamini-Hochberg). Ten of the 11 missense cases with known age of BC occurred at <50 years (p=0.041). Eighteen cases had BRCA1/2 testing, revealing one BRCA2 mutation.DiscussionThese data strongly support the hypothesis that certain constitutional mutation types, and indeed certain specific variants in NF1 confer different risks of BC. The lack of large deletions and excess of nonsenses and missenses is consistent with gain of function mutations conferring risk of BC, and also that neurofibromin may function as a dimer. The observation that somatic NF1 amplification can occur independently of ERBB2 amplification in sporadic BC supports this concept. A prospective clinical-molecular study of NF1-BC needs to be established to confirm and build on these findings, but regardless of NF1 mutation status patients with NF1-BC warrant testing of other BC-predisposing genes.
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17
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Palma Milla C, Lezana Rosales JM, López Montiel J, Andrés Garrido LD, Sánchez Linares C, Carmona Tamajón S, Torres Fernández C, Sánchez González P, Franco Freire S, Benito López C, López Siles J. Neurofibromatosis type I: mutation spectrum of NF1 in spanish patients. Ann Hum Genet 2018; 82:425-436. [PMID: 30014477 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is one of the most common genetic disorders in humans. NF1, a tumor predisposition syndrome, is caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in the NF1 gene. Molecular genetic testing of NF1 is complex, especially because of the presence of a high number of partial pseudogenes, some of them with a high percentage of sequence identity. In this study, we have analyzed the largest cohort of NF1 Spanish patients (150 unrelated individuals suspected of having NF1 and 53 relatives, making a total of 203 individuals). Mutation analysis of the entire coding region was performed in all unrelated index patients. Additionally, the Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) test of the NF1 gene and SPRED1 gene analysis (sequencing and MLPA test) was performed in some of the negative patients for NF1 point mutations. When fulfilling the National Institutes of Health (NIH) criterion for the clinical diagnosis of NF1, the detection rate was 79%. Among the 80 genetically confirmed NF1 probands, we detected 69 different pathogenic variants. Two mutations (3%) were gross deletions of the whole gene, the remaining 78 mutations (97%) were small changes spread among all NF1 exons. Among these 69 different mutations detected, 42 mutations were described elsewhere, and 27 mutations were novel mutations. When segregation was studied, 67% of mutations resulted de novo variants. No genetic mosaicism was detected on patients' parents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Franco Freire
- Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga. U.G.C. de Laboratorio. Sección de Genética
| | - Carmen Benito López
- Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga. U.G.C. de Laboratorio. Sección de Genética
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18
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Breast cancer in women with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1): a comprehensive case series with molecular insights into its aggressive phenotype. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 171:719-735. [PMID: 29926297 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to improve the understanding of NF1-associated breast cancer, given the increased risk of breast cancer in this tumour predisposition syndrome and the limited data. METHODS We identified 18 women with NF1 and breast cancer at our institution. Clinical and pathologic characteristics of NF1-associated breast cancers were compared with 7132 breast cancers in patients without NF1 from our institutional database. Next generation sequencing was performed on DNA from blood and breast cancer specimens available. Blood specimens negative for NF1 mutation were subjected to multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to identify complete/partial deletions or duplications. Expression of neurofibromin in the NF1-associated breast cancers was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS There was a higher frequency of grade 3 (83.3% vs 45.4%, p = 0.005), oestrogen receptor (ER) negative (66.7% vs 26.3%, p < 0.001) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive (66.7% vs 23.4%, p < 0.001) tumours among NF1 patients compared to non-NF1 breast cancers. Overall survival was inferior in NF1 patients in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio 2.25, 95% CI 1.11-4.60; p = 0.025). Apart from germline NF1 mutations (11/16; 69%), somatic mutations in TP53 (8/10; 80%), second-hit NF1 (2/10; 20%), KMT2C (4/10; 40%), KMT2D (2/10; 20%), and PIK3CA (2/10; 20%) were observed. Immunohistochemical expression of neurofibromin was seen in the nuclei and/or cytoplasm of all specimens, but without any consistent pattern in the intensity or extent. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive series of NF1-associated breast cancers suggests that their aggressive features are related to germline NF1 mutations in cooperation with somatic mutations in TP53, KMT2C and other genes.
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19
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Vossen DM, Verhagen CVM, Verheij M, Wessels LFA, Vens C, van den Brekel MWM. Comparative genomic analysis of oral versus laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncol 2018; 81:35-44. [PMID: 29884412 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) shows lower locoregional control and disease specific survival rates than laryngeal and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (L/P-SCC) after definitive chemoradiotherapy treatment. Despite clinical factors, this can point towards a different tumor biology that could impact chemoradiotherapy response rates. This prompted us to compare the mutational profiles of OSCC with L/P-SCC. METHODS We performed target capture DNA sequencing on 111 HPV-negative HNSCC samples (NKI dataset), 55 oral and 56 laryngeal/pharyngeal, and identified somatic point mutations and copy number aberrations. We next expanded our analysis with 276 OSCC and 134 L/P-SCC sample data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA dataset). We focused our analyses on genes that are frequently mutated in HNSCC. RESULTS The mutational profiles of OSCC and L/P-SCC showed many similarities. However, OSCC was significantly enriched for CASP8 (NKI: 15% vs 0%; TCGA: 17% vs 2%) and HRAS (TCGA: 10% vs 1%) mutations. LAMA2 (TCGA: 5% vs 19%) and NSD1 (TCGA: 7% vs 25%) mutations were enriched in L/P-SCC. Overall, we find that OSCC had fewer somatic point mutations and copy number aberrations than L/P-SCC. Interestingly, L/P-SCC scored higher in mutational and genomic scar signatures associated with homologous recombination DNA repair defects. CONCLUSION Despite showing a similar mutational profile, our comparative genomic analysis revealed distinctive features in OSCC and L/P-SCC. Some of these genes and cellular processes are likely to affect the cellular response to radiation or cisplatin. Genomic characterizations may guide or enable personalized treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Vossen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline V M Verhagen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Verheij
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Conchita Vens
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel W M van den Brekel
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Phonetic Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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20
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Norris EJ, Jones WD, Surleac MD, Petrescu AJ, Destephanis D, Zhang Q, Hamadeh I, Kneisl JS, Livasy CA, Ganapathi RN, Tait DL, Ganapathi MK. Clonal lineage of high grade serous ovarian cancer in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2018; 23:41-44. [PMID: 29892687 PMCID: PMC5993517 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene encoding neurofibromin, which negatively regulates Ras signaling. NF1 patients have an increased risk of developing early onset breast cancer, however, the association between NF1 and high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is unclear. Since most NF1-related tumors exhibit early biallelic inactivation of NF1, we evaluated the evolution of genetic alterations in HGSOC in an NF1 patient. Somatic variation analysis of whole exome sequencing of tumor samples from both ovaries and a peritoneal metastasis showed a clonal lineage originating from an ancestral clone within the left adnexa, which exhibited copy number (CN) loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the region of chromosome 17 containing TP53, NF1, and BRCA1 and mutation of the other TP53 allele. This event led to biallelic inactivation of NF1 and TP53 and LOH for the BRCA1 germline mutation. Subsequent CN alterations were found in the dominant tumor clone in the left ovary and nearly 100% of tumor at other sites. Neurofibromin modeling studies suggested that the germline NF1 mutation could potentially alter protein function. These results demonstrate early, biallelic inactivation of neurofibromin in HGSOC and highlight the potential of targeting RAS signaling in NF1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Norris
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, 1021 Morehead Medical Drive, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Wendell D Jones
- Q Solutions-EA Genomics, 5827 South Miami Boulevard, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - Marius D Surleac
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independenței 296, Bucharest 060031, Romania
| | - Andrei J Petrescu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independenței 296, Bucharest 060031, Romania
| | - Darla Destephanis
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, 1021 Morehead Medical Drive, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, 1021 Morehead Medical Drive, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Issam Hamadeh
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, 1021 Morehead Medical Drive, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Kneisl
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, 1021 Morehead Medical Drive, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Chad A Livasy
- Carolinas Pathology Group, 2001 Vail Avenue, Charlotte, NC 28207, USA
| | - Ram N Ganapathi
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, 1021 Morehead Medical Drive, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - David L Tait
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, 1021 Morehead Medical Drive, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Mahrukh K Ganapathi
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, 1021 Morehead Medical Drive, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
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21
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Koczkowska M, Chen Y, Callens T, Gomes A, Sharp A, Johnson S, Hsiao MC, Chen Z, Balasubramanian M, Barnett CP, Becker TA, Ben-Shachar S, Bertola DR, Blakeley JO, Burkitt-Wright EMM, Callaway A, Crenshaw M, Cunha KS, Cunningham M, D'Agostino MD, Dahan K, De Luca A, Destrée A, Dhamija R, Eoli M, Evans DGR, Galvin-Parton P, George-Abraham JK, Gripp KW, Guevara-Campos J, Hanchard NA, Hernández-Chico C, Immken L, Janssens S, Jones KJ, Keena BA, Kochhar A, Liebelt J, Martir-Negron A, Mahoney MJ, Maystadt I, McDougall C, McEntagart M, Mendelsohn N, Miller DT, Mortier G, Morton J, Pappas J, Plotkin SR, Pond D, Rosenbaum K, Rubin K, Russell L, Rutledge LS, Saletti V, Schonberg R, Schreiber A, Seidel M, Siqveland E, Stockton DW, Trevisson E, Ullrich NJ, Upadhyaya M, van Minkelen R, Verhelst H, Wallace MR, Yap YS, Zackai E, Zonana J, Zurcher V, Claes K, Martin Y, Korf BR, Legius E, Messiaen LM. Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in NF1: Evidence for a More Severe Phenotype Associated with Missense Mutations Affecting NF1 Codons 844-848. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:69-87. [PMID: 29290338 PMCID: PMC5777934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a common genetic disorder with a birth incidence of 1:2,000-3,000, is characterized by a highly variable clinical presentation. To date, only two clinically relevant intragenic genotype-phenotype correlations have been reported for NF1 missense mutations affecting p.Arg1809 and a single amino acid deletion p.Met922del. Both variants predispose to a distinct mild NF1 phenotype with neither externally visible cutaneous/plexiform neurofibromas nor other tumors. Here, we report 162 individuals (129 unrelated probands and 33 affected relatives) heterozygous for a constitutional missense mutation affecting one of five neighboring NF1 codons-Leu844, Cys845, Ala846, Leu847, and Gly848-located in the cysteine-serine-rich domain (CSRD). Collectively, these recurrent missense mutations affect ∼0.8% of unrelated NF1 mutation-positive probands in the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) cohort. Major superficial plexiform neurofibromas and symptomatic spinal neurofibromas were more prevalent in these individuals compared with classic NF1-affected cohorts (both p < 0.0001). Nearly half of the individuals had symptomatic or asymptomatic optic pathway gliomas and/or skeletal abnormalities. Additionally, variants in this region seem to confer a high predisposition to develop malignancies compared with the general NF1-affected population (p = 0.0061). Our results demonstrate that these NF1 missense mutations, although located outside the GAP-related domain, may be an important risk factor for a severe presentation. A genotype-phenotype correlation at the NF1 region 844-848 exists and will be valuable in the management and genetic counseling of a significant number of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Koczkowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tom Callens
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alicia Gomes
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Angela Sharp
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sherrell Johnson
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Meng-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Zhenbin Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Meena Balasubramanian
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
| | | | - Troy A Becker
- Medical Genetics, John Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Shay Ben-Shachar
- The Genetic Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Debora R Bertola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Jaishri O Blakeley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Emma M M Burkitt-Wright
- Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Alison Callaway
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Melissa Crenshaw
- Medical Genetics, John Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Karin S Cunha
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24220-900, Brazil
| | - Mitch Cunningham
- Division of Genetic, Genomic and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Maria D D'Agostino
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Karin Dahan
- Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Pathology and Genetics (IPG), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Anne Destrée
- Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Pathology and Genetics (IPG), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Radhika Dhamija
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Marica Eoli
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - D Gareth R Evans
- Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | | | | | - Karen W Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Al DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Jose Guevara-Campos
- Pediatrics Service, Felipe Guevara Rojas Hospital, University of Oriente, El Tigre-Anzoátegui, Venezuela 6034, Spain
| | - Neil A Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Concepcion Hernández-Chico
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cayal, Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain and Center for Biomedical Research-Network of Rare Diseases (CIBERER)
| | - LaDonna Immken
- Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Sandra Janssens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Kristi J Jones
- Department of Clinical Genetics, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Beth A Keena
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaina Kochhar
- Department of Genetics, Valley Children's Healthcare, Madera, CA 93636, USA
| | - Jan Liebelt
- Women's and Children's Hospital/SA Pathology, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Arelis Martir-Negron
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Center for Genomic Medicine, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL 33176, USA
| | | | - Isabelle Maystadt
- Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Pathology and Genetics (IPG), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Carey McDougall
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Meriel McEntagart
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Nancy Mendelsohn
- Genomics Medicine Program, Children's Hospital Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
| | - David T Miller
- Multidisciplinary Neurofibromatosis Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Geert Mortier
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp 2650, Belgium
| | - Jenny Morton
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - John Pappas
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Genetic Services, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Scott R Plotkin
- Department of Neurology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dinel Pond
- Genomics Medicine Program, Children's Hospital Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
| | - Kenneth Rosenbaum
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Karol Rubin
- University of Minnesota Health, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
| | - Laura Russell
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Lane S Rutledge
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Veronica Saletti
- Developmental Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Rhonda Schonberg
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Allison Schreiber
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Meredith Seidel
- Department of Neurology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Elizabeth Siqveland
- Genomics Medicine Program, Children's Hospital Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
| | - David W Stockton
- Division of Genetic, Genomic and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy and Italy Istituto di Ricerca Pediatria, IRP, Città della Speranza, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Nicole J Ullrich
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meena Upadhyaya
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rick van Minkelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GE, the Netherlands
| | - Helene Verhelst
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Margaret R Wallace
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yoon-Sim Yap
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore; Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Zonana
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Vickie Zurcher
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kathleen Claes
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Yolanda Martin
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cayal, Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain and Center for Biomedical Research-Network of Rare Diseases (CIBERER)
| | - Bruce R Korf
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Eric Legius
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ludwine M Messiaen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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22
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An HY, Hong KT, Kang HJ, Choi JY, Hong C, Kim HY, Choi TH, Kang CH, Kim HS, Cheon JE, Park SH, Park JD, Park KD, Shin HY. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in children: A single-institute retrospective analysis. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2017; 34:468-477. [PMID: 29286874 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2017.1408730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are rare tumors that originate from Schwann cells. Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 are prone to develop these tumors. Due to their rarity and lack of established treatment, the prognosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors is poor. A retrospective study was conducted on children treated for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital between 2007 and 2016. Eleven patients were diagnosed with malignant nerve sheath tumors at a median age of 12 years, eight of whom had neurofibromatosis type 1. All the patients underwent chemotherapy and received surgical resection, and 5 patients relapsed. The 2-year overall survival rate was 72.7%, and the 2-year event-free survival rate was 58.2%. Univariate analysis was performed to assess the correlations between the clinical factors. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall survival rate according to the patients' clinical factors. However, there was a decreasing trend in the relationship between the event-free survival rate and the prevalence of neurofibromatosis type 1. Regular follow up of neurofibromatosis type 1. Regular follow-up of neurofibromatosis type 1 patients may identify detection of early relapse of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Genetic studies of these patients and tumors may identify opportunities for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yul An
- a Department of Pediatrics , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Kyung Taek Hong
- a Department of Pediatrics , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Kang
- a Department of Pediatrics , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Choi
- a Department of Pediatrics , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - CheRy Hong
- a Department of Pediatrics , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Kim
- c Department of Surgery , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Choi
- d Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kang
- e Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Han-Soo Kim
- f Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Cheon
- g Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul National University Children's Hospital , Seoul , Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- h Department of Pathology , Seoul National University, College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - June Dong Park
- a Department of Pediatrics , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Kyung Duk Park
- a Department of Pediatrics , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hee Young Shin
- a Department of Pediatrics , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
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23
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Kim A, Pratilas CA. The promise of signal transduction in genetically driven sarcomas of the nerve. Exp Neurol 2017; 299:317-325. [PMID: 28859862 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant tumor predisposition syndrome. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are aggressive soft tissue sarcomas arising from peripheral nerve sheaths, and the most commonly lethal feature associated with NF1. The hallmark of NF1 and NF1-related MPNST is the loss of neurofibromin expression. Loss of neurofibromin is considered a tumor-promoting event, and leads to constitutive activation of RAS and its downstream effectors. However, RAS activation alone is not sufficient for MPNST formation, and additional tumor suppressors and signaling pathways have been implicated in tumorigenesis of MPNST. Taking advantage of the rapid development of novel therapeutics targeting key molecular pathways across all cancer types, the best-in-class modulators of these pathways can be assessed in pre-clinical models and translated into clinical trials for patients with MPNST. Here, we describe the genetic changes and molecular pathways that drive MPNST formation and highlight the promise of signal transduction to identify therapies that may treat these tumors more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- AeRang Kim
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States
| | - Christine A Pratilas
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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24
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Ciavatta ML, Lefranc F, Carbone M, Mollo E, Gavagnin M, Betancourt T, Dasari R, Kornienko A, Kiss R. Marine Mollusk-Derived Agents with Antiproliferative Activity as Promising Anticancer Agents to Overcome Chemotherapy Resistance. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:702-801. [PMID: 27925266 PMCID: PMC5484305 DOI: 10.1002/med.21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemical investigation of marine mollusks has led to the isolation of a wide variety of bioactive metabolites, which evolved in marine organisms as favorable adaptations to survive in different environments. Most of them are derived from food sources, but they can be also biosynthesized de novo by the mollusks themselves, or produced by symbionts. Consequently, the isolated compounds cannot be strictly considered as "chemotaxonomic markers" for the different molluscan species. However, the chemical investigation of this phylum has provided many compounds of interest as potential anticancer drugs that assume particular importance in the light of the growing literature on cancer biology and chemotherapy. The current review highlights the diversity of chemical structures, mechanisms of action, and, most importantly, the potential of mollusk-derived metabolites as anticancer agents, including those biosynthesized by mollusks and those of dietary origin. After the discussion of dolastatins and kahalalides, compounds previously studied in clinical trials, the review covers potentially promising anticancer agents, which are grouped based on their structural type and include terpenes, steroids, peptides, polyketides and nitrogen-containing compounds. The "promise" of a mollusk-derived natural product as an anticancer agent is evaluated on the basis of its ability to target biological characteristics of cancer cells responsible for poor treatment outcomes. These characteristics include high antiproliferative potency against cancer cells in vitro, preferential inhibition of the proliferation of cancer cells over normal ones, mechanism of action via nonapoptotic signaling pathways, circumvention of multidrug resistance phenotype, and high activity in vivo, among others. The review also includes sections on the targeted delivery of mollusk-derived anticancer agents and solutions to their procurement in quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Ciavatta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital ErasmeUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)1070BrusselsBelgium
| | - Marianna Carbone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Tania Betancourt
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie ExpérimentaleFaculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)1050BrusselsBelgium
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25
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Mahalingam M. NF1 and Neurofibromin: Emerging Players in the Genetic Landscape of Desmoplastic Melanoma. Adv Anat Pathol 2017; 24:1-14. [PMID: 27941538 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), a monogenic disorder with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, is caused by alterations in the NF1 gene which codes for the protein neurofibromin. Functionally, NF1 is a tumor suppressor as it is GTPase-activating protein that negatively regulates the MAPK pathway. More recently, much attention has focused on the role of NF1 and neurofibromin in melanoma as mutations in NF1 have been found to constitute 1 of the 4 distinct genomic categories of melanoma, with the other 3 comprising BRAF, NRAS, and "triple-wild-type" subtypes. In this review, we parse the literature on NF1 and neurofibromin with a view to clarifying and gaining a better understanding of their precise role/s in melanomagenesis. We begin with a historic overview, followed by details regarding structure and function and characterization of neural crest development as a model for genetic reversion in neoplasia. Melanogenesis in NF1 sets the stage for the discussion on the roles of NF1 and neurofibromin in neural crest-derived neoplasms including melanoma with particular emphasis on NF1 and neurofibromin as markers of melanocyte dedifferentiation in desmoplastic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Mahalingam
- VA Consolidated Laboratories, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dermatopathology Section, West Roxbury, MA
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26
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Hirbe AC, Kaushal M, Sharma MK, Dahiya S, Pekmezci M, Perry A, Gutmann DH. Clinical genomic profiling identifies TYK2 mutation and overexpression in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Cancer 2016; 123:1194-1201. [PMID: 27875628 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive sarcomas that arise at an estimated frequency of 8% to 13% in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Compared with their sporadic counterparts, NF1-associated MPNSTs (NF1-MPNSTs) develop in young adults, frequently recur (approximately 50% of cases), and carry a dismal prognosis. As such, most individuals affected with NF1-MPNSTs die within 5 years of diagnosis, despite surgical resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. METHODS Clinical genomic profiling was performed using 1000 ng of DNA from 7 cases of NF1-MPNST, and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to identify genes with actionable mutations. RESULTS A total of 3 women and 4 men with NF1-MPNST were identified (median age, 38 years). Nonsynonymous mutations were discovered in 4 genes (neurofibromatosis type 1 [NF1], ROS proto-oncogene 1 [ROS1], tumor protein p53 [TP53], and tyrosine kinase 2 [TYK2]), which in addition were mutated in other MPNST cases in this sample set. Consistent with their occurrence in individuals with NF1, all tumors had at least 1 mutation in the NF1 gene. Whereas TP53 gene mutations are frequently observed in other cancers, ROS1 mutations are common in melanoma (15%-35%), another neural crest-derived malignancy. In contrast, TYK2 mutations are uncommon in other malignancies (<7%). In the current series, recurrent TYK2 mutations were identified in 2 cases of NF1-MPNST (30% of cases), whereas TYK2 protein overexpression was observed in 60% of MPNST cases using an independently generated tissue microarray, regardless of NF1 status. CONCLUSIONS Clinical genomic analysis of the current series of NF1-MPNST cases found that TYK2 is a new gene mutated in MPNST. Future work will focus on examining the utility of TYK2 expression as a biomarker and therapeutic target for these cancers. Cancer 2017;123:1194-1201. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Hirbe
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Madhurima Kaushal
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mukesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sonika Dahiya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Melike Pekmezci
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Arie Perry
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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27
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Halaban R, Krauthammer M. RASopathy Gene Mutations in Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1755-1759. [PMID: 27236105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing of melanomas has unraveled critical driver genes and genomic abnormalities, mostly defined as occurring at high frequency. In addition, less abundant mutations are present that link melanoma to a set of disorders, commonly called RASopathies. These disorders, which include neurofibromatosis and Noonan and Legius syndromes, harbor germline mutations in various RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway genes. We highlight shared amino acid substitutions between this set of RASopathy mutations and those observed in large-scale melanoma sequencing data, uncovering a significant overlap. We review the evidence that these mutations activate the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in melanoma and are involved in melanomagenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the observations that two or more RASopathy mutations often co-occur in melanoma and may act synergistically on activating the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Halaban
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Michael Krauthammer
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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28
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Recurrent multilocular mandibular giant cell granuloma in neurofibromatosis type 1: Evidence for second hit mutation of NF1 gene in the jaw lesion and treatment with curettage and bone substitute materials. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:1054-60. [PMID: 27316856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell granuloma (GCG) of the jaw is a rare, well-known feature of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), an inborn multisystem disorder. Recently, the development of GCG in NF1 was attributed to second hit mutations in the NF1 gene. The treatment of GCG is pragmatic with a preference for local curettage of lytic osseous areas. This report describes the surgical therapy of an NF1-affected female with multilocular mandibular GCG and hypodontia who additionally suffered from a brain tumour and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Although local recurrence of GCG was noted, augmentation of the curetted cavities with a bone substitute in successive interventions successfully restored the extensive periradicular local defects and stabilised the teeth. A meticulous in vitro study of the GCG specimen revealed a second hit mutation in the NF1 gene in the GCG spindle-cells. This study contributes to the increasing knowledge of the molecular basis for GCG in the jaw of NF1 patients, indicating that it is a neoplasm.
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29
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Li H, Yuan Z, Ji J, Xu J, Zhang T, Zhang X, Xue F. A novel Markov Blanket-based repeated-fishing strategy for capturing phenotype-related biomarkers in big omics data. BMC Genet 2016; 17:51. [PMID: 26957081 PMCID: PMC4784463 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We propose a novel Markov Blanket-based repeated-fishing strategy (MBRFS) in attempt to increase the power of existing Markov Blanket method (DASSO-MB) and maintain its advantages in omic data analysis. Results Both simulation and real data analysis were conducted to assess its performances by comparing with other methods including χ2 test with Bonferroni and B-H adjustment, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and DASSO-MB. A serious of simulation studies showed that the true discovery rate (TDR) of proposed MBRFS was always close to zero under null hypothesis (odds ratio = 1 for each SNPs) with excellent stability in all three scenarios of independent phenotype-related SNPs without linkage disequilibrium (LD) around them, correlated phenotype-related SNPs without LD around them, and phenotype-related SNPs with strong LD around them. As expected, under different odds ratio and minor allel frequency (MAFs), MBRFS always had the best performances in capturing the true phenotype-related biomarkers with higher matthews correlation coefficience (MCC) for all three scenarios above. More importantly, since proposed MBRFS using the repeated fishing strategy, it still captures more phenotype-related SNPs with minor effects when non-significant phenotype-related SNPs emerged under χ2 test after Bonferroni multiple correction. The various real omics data analysis, including GWAS data, DNA methylation data, gene expression data and metabolites data, indicated that the proposed MBRFS always detected relatively reasonable biomarkers. Conclusions Our proposed MBRFS can exactly capture the true phenotype-related biomarkers with the reduction of false negative rate when the phenotype-related biomarkers are independent or correlated, as well as the circumstance that phenotype-related biomarkers are associated with non-phenotype-related ones. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0358-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Li
- Department of biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongshang Yuan
- Department of biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Jiadong Ji
- Department of biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhang
- Department of biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
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30
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McPherson JR, Ong CK, Ng CCY, Rajasegaran V, Heng HL, Yu WSS, Tan BKT, Madhukumar P, Teo MCC, Ngeow J, Thike AA, Rozen SG, Tan PH, Lee ASG, Teh BT, Yap YS. Whole-exome sequencing of breast cancer, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and neurofibroma from a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1871-8. [PMID: 26432421 PMCID: PMC5123784 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of multiple neurofibromas, cafe-au-lait spots, and Lisch nodules. Individuals with NF1 are at increased risk of developing various tumors, such as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), pheochromocytoma, leukemia, glioma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and breast cancer. Here, we describe the exome sequencing of breast cancer, MPNST, and neurofibroma from a patient with NF1. We identified a germline mutation in the NF1 gene which resulted in conversion of leucine to proline at amino acid position 847. In addition, we showed independent somatic NF1 mutations in all the three tumors (frameshift insertion in breast cancer (p.A985fs), missense mutation in MPNST (p.G23R), and inframe deletion in dermal neurofibroma (p.L1876del-Inf)), indicating that a second hit in NF1 resulting in the loss of function could be important for tumor formation. Each tumor had a distinct genomic profile with mutually exclusive mutations in different genes. Copy number analysis revealed multiple copy number alterations in the breast cancer and the MPNST, but not the benign neurofibroma. Germline loss of chromosome 6q22.33, which harbors two potential tumor suppressor genes, PTPRK and LAMA2, was also identified; this may increase tumor predisposition further. In the background of NF1 syndrome, although second-hit NF1 mutation is critical in tumorigenesis, different additional mutations are required to drive the formation of different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Richard McPherson
- Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Choon-Kiat Ong
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Cedric Chuan-Young Ng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Vikneswari Rajasegaran
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Hong-Lee Heng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Willie Shun-Shing Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Benita Kiat-Tee Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.,Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Preetha Madhukumar
- Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.,Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Melissa Ching-Ching Teo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Aye-Aye Thike
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 7, Diagnostics Tower, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Steven George Rozen
- Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Puay-Hoon Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 7, Diagnostics Tower, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Ann Siew-Gek Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Office of Clinical & Academic Faculty Affairs, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin-Tean Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.,Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Laboratory of Chromatin Regulation, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Yoon-Sim Yap
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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