1
|
Heidari M, Amouheidari A, Hemati S, Khanahmad H, Rahimmanesh I, Jafari P, Shokrani P. Prospective Prediction of Treatment Response in High-Grade Glioma Patients using Pre-Treatment Tumor ADC Value and miR-222 and miR-205 Expression Levels in Plasma. J Biomed Phys Eng 2024; 14:111-118. [PMID: 38628894 PMCID: PMC11016827 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2108-1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Treatment response in High-grade Glioma (HGG) patients changes based on their genetic and biological characteristics. MiRNAs, as important regulators of drug and radiation resistance, and the Apparent Diffusion Coefficients (ADC) value of tumor can be used as a prognostic predictor for glioma. Objective This study aimed to identify some of the pre-treatment individual patient features for predicting the treatment response in HGG patients. Material and Methods In this prospective study, 18 HGG patients, who were candidated for chemo-radiation treatment, participated after informed consent of the patients. The investigated features were the expression level of miR-222 and miR-205 in plasma, the ADC value of tumor, Body Mass Index (BMI), and age. Treatment response was assessed, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was used to obtain a model to predict the treatment response. Mann-Whitney U test was also applied to select the variables with a significant relationship with patients' treatment response. Results The LASSO coefficients for miR-205, miR-222, tumor's mean ADC value, BMI, and age were 3.611, -1.683, 2.468, -0.184, and -0.024, respectively. Mann-Whitney U test results showed miR-205 and tumor's mean ADC significantly related to treatment response (P-value<0.05). Conclusion The miR-205 expression level of the patient in plasma and tumor's mean ADC value has the potential for prognostic predictors in HGG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Heidari
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Simin Hemati
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Jafari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Shokrani
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song Z, Xue Z, Wang Y, Imran M, Assiri M, Fahad S. Insights into the roles of non-coding RNAs and angiogenesis in glioblastoma: An overview of current research and future perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130567. [PMID: 38242182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive type of primary brain cancer with a poor prognosis, and despite intensive research, survival rates have not significantly improved. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulators of GBM pathogenesis, including angiogenesis, which is essential for tumor growth and invasion. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as regulators of angiogenesis in GBM. miRNAs such as miR-21, miR-10b, and miR-26a promote angiogenesis by targeting anti-angiogenic factors, while lncRNAs such as H19 and MALAT1 inhibit angiogenesis by regulating pro-angiogenic factors. CircRNAs, such as circSMARCA5 and circBACH2, also regulate angiogenesis through various mechanisms. Similarly, signaling pathways such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway play critical roles in angiogenesis and have been targeted for GBM therapy. However, resistance to anti-angiogenic therapies is a significant obstacle in clinical practice. Developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting ncRNAs and angiogenesis is a promising approach for GBM. Potential targets include miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and downstream signaling pathways that regulate angiogenesis. This review highlights the critical roles of ncRNAs and angiogenesis in GBM pathogenesis and the potential for new therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways to improve the prognosis and quality of life for GBM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, SIR Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoliang Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, SIR Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, SIR Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan; Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Niemira M, Bielska A, Chwialkowska K, Raczkowska J, Skwarska A, Erol A, Zeller A, Sokolowska G, Toczydlowski D, Sidorkiewicz I, Mariak Z, Reszec J, Lyson T, Moniuszko M, Kretowski A. Circulating serum miR-362-3p and miR-6721-5p as potential biomarkers for classification patients with adult-type diffuse glioma. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1368372. [PMID: 38455766 PMCID: PMC10918470 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1368372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System (CNS) published in 2021, grade 4 gliomas classification includes IDH-mutant astrocytomas and wild-type IDH glioblastomas. Unfortunately, despite precision oncology development, the prognosis for patients with grade 4 glioma remains poor, indicating an urgent need for better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Circulating miRNAs besides being important regulators of cancer development could serve as promising diagnostic biomarkers for patients with grade 4 glioma. Here, we propose a two-miRNA miR-362-3p and miR-6721-5p screening signature for serum for non-invasive classification of identified glioma cases into the highest-grade 4 and lower-grade gliomas. A total of 102 samples were included in this study, comprising 78 grade 4 glioma cases and 24 grade 2-3 glioma subjects. Using the NanoString platform, seven miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed (DE), which was subsequently confirmed via RT-qPCR analysis. Next, numerous combinations of DE miRNAs were employed to develop classification models. The dual panel of miR-362-3p and miR-6721-5p displayed the highest diagnostic value to differentiate grade 4 patients and lower grade cases with an AUC of 0.867. Additionally, this signature also had a high AUC = 0.854 in the verification cohorts by RT-qPCR and an AUC = 0.842 using external data from the GEO public database. The functional annotation analyses of predicted DE miRNA target genes showed their primary involvement in the STAT3 and HIF-1 signalling pathways and the signalling pathway of pluripotency of stem cells and glioblastoma-related pathways. For additional exploration of miRNA expression patterns correlated with glioma, we performed the Weighted Gene-Co Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). We showed that the modules most associated with glioma grade contained as many as six DE miRNAs. In conclusion, this study presents the first evidence of serum miRNA expression profiling in adult-type diffuse glioma using a classification based on the WHO 2021 guidelines. We expect that the discovered dual miR-362-3p and miR-6721-5p signatures have the potential to be utilised for grading gliomas in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Niemira
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bielska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karolina Chwialkowska
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Justyna Raczkowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Skwarska
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Anna Erol
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zeller
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Gabriela Sokolowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Damian Toczydlowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Sidorkiewicz
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Zenon Mariak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Reszec
- Department of Medical Pathology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Lyson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Obrador E, Moreno-Murciano P, Oriol-Caballo M, López-Blanch R, Pineda B, Gutiérrez-Arroyo JL, Loras A, Gonzalez-Bonet LG, Martinez-Cadenas C, Estrela JM, Marqués-Torrejón MÁ. Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2529. [PMID: 38473776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer. Although great efforts have been made by clinicians and researchers, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved since the Stupp protocol became the standard of care (SOC) in 2005. Despite multimodality treatments, recurrence is almost universal with survival rates under 2 years after diagnosis. Here, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of GB pathophysiology, in particular, the importance of glioma stem cells (GSCs), the tumor microenvironment conditions, and epigenetic mechanisms involved in GB growth, aggressiveness and recurrence. The discussion on therapeutic strategies first covers the SOC treatment and targeted therapies that have been shown to interfere with different signaling pathways (pRB/CDK4/RB1/P16ink4, TP53/MDM2/P14arf, PI3k/Akt-PTEN, RAS/RAF/MEK, PARP) involved in GB tumorigenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment resistance acquisition. Below, we analyze several immunotherapeutic approaches (i.e., checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, CAR-modified NK or T cells, oncolytic virotherapy) that have been used in an attempt to enhance the immune response against GB, and thereby avoid recidivism or increase survival of GB patients. Finally, we present treatment attempts made using nanotherapies (nanometric structures having active anti-GB agents such as antibodies, chemotherapeutic/anti-angiogenic drugs or sensitizers, radionuclides, and molecules that target GB cellular receptors or open the blood-brain barrier) and non-ionizing energies (laser interstitial thermal therapy, high/low intensity focused ultrasounds, photodynamic/sonodynamic therapies and electroporation). The aim of this review is to discuss the advances and limitations of the current therapies and to present novel approaches that are under development or following clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Oriol-Caballo
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Blanch
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Pineda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Loras
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Luis G Gonzalez-Bonet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Castellon General University Hospital, 12004 Castellon, Spain
| | | | - José M Estrela
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eugene T, Roy Sg J, S N, Rappai M. Assessment of the Efficacy of Circulating Tumor Cells by Liquid Biopsy in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Tumor Behavior of Gliomas: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e54101. [PMID: 38357405 PMCID: PMC10865163 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of glioma management, the ability to accurately diagnose and predict tumor behavior remains a formidable task. Emerging as a beacon of hope, liquid biopsy (LB), with its potential to detect circulating tumor (CT) cells, offers a novel and promising avenue for addressing these challenges. This systematic review delves into the effectiveness of LB in transforming the landscape of glioma analysis as well as prognosis, shedding light on its clinical significance and implications. We conducted a comprehensive literature search from 2015 to 2023, using multiple sources. We assessed titles and abstracts first, followed by full-text review if they met our criteria. We included those studies that fulfill the inclusion criteria of the study. For bias assessment, we used a two-part tool for specific domains and a quality assessment tool for diagnostic accuracy studies. In this review, we incorporated eight studies. A total of 498 patients were identified across eight studies. The average sensitivity was 72.28% in seven of these studies, while the average specificity was 91.52% in the same seven studies. Our review revealed a sensitivity of 72.28% and an impressive specificity of 91.52%. This underscores the potential of LB as a valuable prognostic tool for detecting CT cells. However, the early detection of tumor cells and the prediction of tumor behavior in gliomas continue to be topics of debate, necessitating further research for more precise and reliable outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teena Eugene
- Pathology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Chennai, IND
| | - Jano Roy Sg
- Pathology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Chennai, IND
| | - Nivethitha S
- Pathology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Chennai, IND
| | - Meethu Rappai
- Pathology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Chennai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jodeiry Zaer S, Aghamaali M, Amini M, Doustvandi MA, Hosseini SS, Baradaran B, Najafi S, Baghay Esfandyari Y, Mokhtarzadeh A. Cooperatively inhibition effect of miR-143-5p and miR-145-5p in tumorigenesis of glioblastoma cells through modulating AKT signaling pathway. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 14:29913. [PMID: 38938754 PMCID: PMC11199930 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.29913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Introduction As the most common aggressive primary brain tumor, glioblastoma is inevitably a recurrent malignancy whose patients' prognosis is poor. miR-143 and miR-145, as tumor suppressor miRNAs, are downregulated through tumorigenesis of multiple human cancers, including glioblastoma. These two miRNAs regulate numerous cellular processes, such as proliferation and migration. This research was intended to explore the simultaneous replacement effect of miR-143, and miR-145 on in vitro tumorgenicity of U87 glioblastoma cells. Methods U87 cells were cultured, and transfected with miR-143-5p and miR-145-5p. Afterward, the changes in cell viability, and apoptosis induction were determined by MTT assay and Annexin V/PI staining. The accumulation of cells at the cell cycle phases was assessed using the flow cytometry. Wound healing and colony formation assays were performed to study cell migration. qRT-PCR and western blot techniques were utilized to quantify gene expression levels. Results Our results showed that miR-143-5p and 145-5p exogenous upregulation cooperatively diminished cell viability, and enhanced U-87 cell apoptosis by modulating Caspase-3/8/9, Bax, and Bcl-2 protein expression. The combination therapy increased accumulation of cells at the sub-G1 phase by modulating CDK1, Cyclin D1, and P53 protein expression. miR-143/145-5p significantly decreased cell migration, and reduced colony formation ability by the downregulation of c-Myc and CD44 gene expression. Furthermore, the results showed the combination therapy of these miRNAs could remarkably downregulate phosphorylated-AKT expression levels. Conclusion In conclusion, miR-143 and miR-145 were indicated to show cooperative anti- cancer effects on glioblastoma cells via modulating AKT signaling as a new therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Jodeiry Zaer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Souzan Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barut Z, Akdeniz FT. Evaluation of the Relationship Between miRNA-22-3p and Gal-9 Levels in Glioblastoma. In Vivo 2023; 37:2577-2584. [PMID: 37905655 PMCID: PMC10621420 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Glioblastoma, the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor, is significantly impacted by molecular mechanisms, including the function of microRNAs and galectins. The interplay between miRNA-22-3p and Galectin-9, a galactoside-binding lectin, is particularly notable. This study aimed to further investigate their roles in glioblastoma pathogenesis by analyzing the serum levels of these molecules in patients with glioblastoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS This investigation included 50 subjects, consisting of 25 patients with glioblastoma and an equal number of healthy controls. Blood serum specimens were obtained for miRNA isolation and subsequent cDNA synthesis. The expression of the miRNA-22-3p gene was assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to quantify serum Gal-9 concentrations. RESULTS In patients diagnosed with glioblastoma, there was a significant elevation in miRNA-22-3p expression compared to healthy controls. However, despite a trend towards increased serum Gal-9 levels in the glioblastoma group, the difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION Glioblastoma patients are characterized by increased Gal-9 serum levels and reduced miRNA-22-3p expression. These results indicate their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zerrin Barut
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey;
| | - Fatma Tuba Akdeniz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang R, Li Q, Chu X, Li N, Liang H, He F. Sequencing and Bioinformatics analysis of lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA in Glioblastoma multiforme. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2289-2300. [PMID: 37389689 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01256-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs have a role in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), although the regulatory mechanisms controlled by competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in GBM are still poorly understood and infrequently described. This research extensively analyzed circRNA, lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA expression changes in GBM patients. RNA-sequencing analyses were conducted to investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs), lncRNAs (DELs), miRNAs (DEMs), and circRNAs (DECs) in the GBM. In this study, researchers found that GBM patients and healthy controls differed in the presence of 1224 DECs, 1406 DELs, 229 DEMs, and 2740 DEGs. PPI network analysis demonstrated that CEACAM5, CXCL17, FAM83A, TMPRSS4, and GGPRC5A were hub genes and enriched in modules. Then a ceRNA network was constructed with 8 circRNA, 7 lncRNAs, 16 miRNAs, and 17 mRNAs. Overall, the ceRNA interaction axes that were found may prove to be pivotal therapeutic targets for treating GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Wang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Qi Li
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Xiaolei Chu
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Haiqian Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China.
| | - Feng He
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mafi A, Mannani R, Khalilollah S, Hedayati N, Salami R, Rezaee M, Dehmordi RM, Ghorbanhosseini SS, Alimohammadi M, Akhavan-Sigari R. The Significant Role of microRNAs in Gliomas Angiogenesis: A Particular Focus on Molecular Mechanisms and Opportunities for Clinical Application. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3277-3299. [PMID: 37414973 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with only 20-22 nucleic acids that inhibit gene transcription and translation by binding to mRNA. MiRNAs have a diverse set of target genes and can alter most physiological processes, including cell cycle checkpoints, cell survival, and cell death mechanisms, affecting the growth, development, and invasion of various cancers, including gliomas. So optimum management of miRNA expression is essential for preserving a normal biological environment. Due to their small size, stability, and capability of specifically targeting oncogenes, miRNAs have emerged as a promising marker and new biopharmaceutical targeted therapy for glioma patients. This review focuses on the most common miRNAs associated with gliomagenesis and development by controlling glioma-determining markers such as angiogenesis. We also summarized the recent research about miRNA effects on signaling pathways, their mechanistic role and cellular targets in the development of gliomas angiogenesis. Strategies for miRNA-based therapeutic targets, as well as limitations in clinical applications, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Mannani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Shayan Khalilollah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Hedayati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Salami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rohollah Mousavi Dehmordi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sara Ghorbanhosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Identification of Dysregulated microRNAs in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020350. [PMID: 36831894 PMCID: PMC9953941 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite multimodal therapy, median survival is poor at 12-15 months. At the molecular level, radio-/chemoresistance and resulting tumor progression are attributed to a small fraction of tumor cells, termed glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). These CD133-expressing, self-renewing cells display the properties of multi-lineage differentiation, resulting in the heterogenous composition of GBM. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level can alter many pathways pivotal to cancer stem cell fate. This study explored changes in the miRNA expression profiles in patient-derived GSCs altered on differentiation into glial fiber acid protein (GFAP)-expressing, astrocytic tumor cells using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array. Initially, 22 miRNAs showed higher expression in GSCs and 9 miRNAs in differentiated cells. The two most downregulated miRNAs in differentiated GSCs were miR-17-5p and miR-425-5p, whilst the most upregulated miRNAs were miR-223-3p and let-7-5p. Among those, miR-425-5p showed the highest consistency in an upregulation in all three GSCs. By transfection of a 425-5p miRNA mimic, we demonstrated downregulation of the GFAP protein in differentiated patient-derived GBM cells, providing potential evidence for direct regulation of miRNAs in the GSC/GBM cell transition.
Collapse
|
11
|
microRNAs (miRNAs) in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)-Recent Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043521. [PMID: 36834933 PMCID: PMC9965735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common, malignant, poorly promising primary brain tumor. GBM is characterized by an infiltrating growth nature, abundant vascularization, and a rapid and aggressive clinical course. For many years, the standard treatment of gliomas has invariably been surgical treatment supported by radio- and chemotherapy. Due to the location and significant resistance of gliomas to conventional therapies, the prognosis of glioblastoma patients is very poor and the cure rate is low. The search for new therapy targets and effective therapeutic tools for cancer treatment is a current challenge for medicine and science. microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in many cellular processes, such as growth, differentiation, cell division, apoptosis, and cell signaling. Their discovery was a breakthrough in the diagnosis and prognosis of many diseases. Understanding the structure of miRNAs may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of cellular regulation dependent on miRNA and the pathogenesis of diseases underlying these short non-coding RNAs, including glial brain tumors. This paper provides a detailed review of the latest reports on the relationship between changes in the expression of individual microRNAs and the formation and development of gliomas. The use of miRNAs in the treatment of this cancer is also discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bhowmick R, Sarkar RR. Identification of potential microRNAs regulating metabolic plasticity and cellular phenotypes in glioblastoma. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:161-181. [PMID: 36357622 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important role in regulating cellular metabolism, and are currently being explored in cancer. As metabolic reprogramming in cancer is a major mediator of phenotypic plasticity, understanding miRNA-regulated metabolism will provide opportunities to identify miRNA targets that can regulate oncogenic phenotypes by taking control of cellular metabolism. In the present work, we studied the effect of differentially expressed miRNAs on metabolism, and associated oncogenic phenotypes in glioblastoma (GBM) using patient-derived data. Networks of differentially expressed miRNAs and metabolic genes were created and analyzed to identify important miRNAs that regulate major metabolism in GBM. Graph network-based approaches like network diffusion, backbone extraction, and different centrality measures were used to analyze these networks for identification of potential miRNA targets. Important metabolic processes and cellular phenotypes were annotated to trace the functional responses associated with these miRNA-regulated metabolic genes and associated phenotype networks. miRNA-regulated metabolic gene subnetworks of cellular phenotypes were extracted, and important miRNAs regulating these phenotypes were identified. The most important outcome of the study is the target miRNA combinations predicted for five different oncogenic phenotypes that can be tested experimentally for miRNA-based therapeutic design in GBM. Strategies implemented in the study can be used to generate testable hypotheses in other cancer types as well, and design context-specific miRNA-based therapy for individual patient. Their usability can be further extended to other gene regulatory networks in cancer and other genetic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Bhowmick
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ram Rup Sarkar
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
MicroRNA and mRNA Expression Changes in Glioblastoma Cells Cultivated under Conditions of Neurosphere Formation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5294-5311. [PMID: 36354672 PMCID: PMC9688839 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most highly metastatic cancers. The study of the pathogenesis of GBM, as well as the development of targeted oncolytic drugs, require the use of actual cell models, in particular, the use of 3D cultures or neurospheres (NS). During the formation of NS, the adaptive molecular landscape of the transcriptome, which includes various regulatory RNAs, changes. The aim of this study was to reveal changes in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target mRNAs in GBM cells under conditions of NS formation. Neurospheres were obtained from both immortalized U87 MG and patient-derived BR3 GBM cell cultures. Next generation sequencing analysis of small and long RNAs of adherent and NS cultures of GBM cells was carried out. It was found that the formation of NS proceeds with an increase in the level of seven and a decrease in the level of 11 miRNAs common to U87 MG and BR3, as well as an increase in the level of 38 and a decrease in the level of 12 mRNA/lncRNA. Upregulation of miRNAs hsa-miR: -139-5p; -148a-3p; -192-5p; -218-5p; -34a-5p; and -381-3p are accompanied by decreased levels of their target mRNAs: RTN4, FLNA, SH3BP4, DNPEP, ETS2, MICALL1, and GREM1. Downregulation of hsa-miR: -130b-5p, -25-5p, -335-3p and -339-5p occurs with increased levels of mRNA-targets BDKRB2, SPRY4, ERRFI1 and TGM2. The involvement of SPRY4, ERRFI1, and MICALL1 mRNAs in the regulation of EGFR/FGFR signaling highlights the role of hsa-miR: -130b-5p, -25-5p, -335-3p, and -34a-5p not only in the formation of NS, but also in the regulation of malignant growth and invasion of GBM. Our data provide the basis for the development of new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of GBM.
Collapse
|
14
|
Liao W, Li Y, Wang J, Zhao M, Chen N, Zheng Q, Wan L, Mou Y, Tang J, Wang Z. Natural Products-Based Nanoformulations: A New Approach Targeting CSCs to Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4163-4193. [PMID: 36134202 PMCID: PMC9482958 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s380697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) lead to the occurrence and progression of cancer due to their strong tumorigenic, self-renewal, and multidirectional differentiation abilities. Existing cancer treatment methods cannot effectively kill or inhibit CSCs but instead enrich them and produce stronger proliferation, invasion, and metastasis capabilities, resulting in cancer recurrence and treatment resistance, which has become a difficult problem in clinical treatment. Therefore, targeting CSCs may be the most promising approach for comprehensive cancer therapy in the future. A variety of natural products (NP) have significant antitumor effects and have been identified to target and inhibit CSCs. However, pharmacokinetic defects and off-target effects have greatly hindered their clinical translation. NP-based nanoformulations (NPNs) have tremendous potential to overcome the disadvantages of NP against CSCs through site-specific delivery and by improving their pharmacokinetic parameters. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of NPNs targeting CSCs in cancer therapy, looking forward to transforming preclinical research results into clinical applications and bringing new prospects for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Liao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Wan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Mou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Gliomas and Glioblastomas. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183851. [PMID: 36145228 PMCID: PMC9504425 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, scientific interest in the use of the ketogenic diet (KD) as a complementary approach to the standard cancer therapy has grown, in particular against those of the central nervous system (CNS). In metabolic terms, there are the following differences between healthy and neoplastic cells: neoplastic cells divert their metabolism to anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), they alter the normal mitochondrial functioning, and they use mainly certain amino acids for their own metabolic needs, to gain an advantage over healthy cells and to lead to a pro-oncogenetic effect. Several works in literature speculate which are the molecular targets of KD used against cancer. The following different mechanisms of action will be explored in this review: metabolic, inflammatory, oncogenic and oncosuppressive, ROS, and epigenetic modulation. Preclinical and clinical studies on the use of KD in CNS tumors have also increased in recent years. An interesting hypothesis emerged from the studies about the possible use of a ketogenic diet as a combination therapy along with chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) for the treatment of cancer. Currently, however, clinical data are still very limited but encouraging, so we need further studies to definitively validate or disprove the role of KD in fighting against cancer.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou Q, Shaya M, Kugeluke Y, Fu Q, Li S, Dilimulati Y. A circular RNA derived from GLIS3 accelerates the proliferation of glioblastoma cells through competitively binding with miR-449c-5p to upregulate CAPG and GLIS3. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:53. [PMID: 36114444 PMCID: PMC9479268 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and malignant brain tumor with extremely poor prognosis. Despite advances in treatment, the pathogenesis of GBM remains elusive. Mounting studies have revealed the critical role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the development and progression of human cancers including GBM, but the comprehension of their functions is still insufficient. In this study, we investigated the expression profile of a circRNA derived from GLIS family zinc finger 3 (GLIS3) in GBM and normal astrocytes. CircGLIS3 expression was detected through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Functional experiments were performed to analyze the influence of circGLIS3 on GBM cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, mechanism assays were to uncover the potential regulatory mechanism of circGLIS3. Results CircGLIS3 was up-regulated in GBM cells and knockdown of circGLIS3 significantly hampered proliferation and promoted apoptosis of GBM cells. Furthermore, circGLIS3 positively regulated CAPG and GLIS3 by sponging miR-449c-5p to affect GBM cell proliferation and apoptosis. Conclusions In summary, our study identified that circGLIS3 could promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of GBM cells via targeting miR-449c-5p/GLIS3/CAPG axis in vitro. This study could offer a novel molecular perspective for further investigation into mechanisms essential to GBM progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12868-022-00736-6.
Collapse
|
17
|
Matulić M, Gršković P, Petrović A, Begić V, Harabajsa S, Korać P. miRNA in Molecular Diagnostics. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090459. [PMID: 36135005 PMCID: PMC9495386 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression on post-transcriptional level. Their biogenesis consists of a complex series of sequential processes, and they regulate expression of many genes involved in all cellular processes. Their function is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of a single cell; therefore, their aberrant expression contributes to development and progression of many diseases, especially malignant tumors and viral infections. Moreover, they can be associated with certain states of a specific disease, obtained in the least invasive manner for patients and analyzed with basic molecular methods used in clinical laboratories. Because of this, they have a promising potential to become very useful biomarkers and potential tools in personalized medicine approaches. In this review, miRNAs biogenesis, significance in cancer and infectious diseases, and current available test and methods for their detection are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Matulić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paula Gršković
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Petrović
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valerija Begić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Primary School “Sesvetski Kraljevec”, 10361 Sesvetski Kraljevec, Croatia
| | - Suzana Harabajsa
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Division of Pulmonary Cytology Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Korać
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4606-278
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sufianov A, Begliarzade S, Ilyasova T, Liang Y, Beylerli O. MicroRNAs as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in gliomas. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 7:171-177. [PMID: 35846075 PMCID: PMC9271693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are invasive brain tumors characterized by high rates of recurrence and mortality. Glioblastoma (GBM), a grade IV brain tumor, is known for its heterogenicity and its resistance to the current treatment regimen. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small non-coding sequences of RNA that regulate and influence the expression of multiple genes. The detection of certain types of micro-RNA in tissues and blood serum can be used for diagnosis and prognosis, including the response of a particular patient to therapy. The purpose of this review is to analyze studies and experimental results concerning changes in microRNA expression profiles characteristic of gliomas. Furthermore, miRNAs also contribute to autophagy at multiple stages. In this review, we summarize the functions of miRNAs in GBM pathways linked to dysregulation of cell cycle control, apoptosis and resistance to treatment, and the possible use of miRNAs in clinical settings as treatment and prediction biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Sufianov
- Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Tyumen, Russia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sema Begliarzade
- Republican Clinical Perinatal Center, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450106, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Yanchao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Goenka A, Tiek DM, Song X, Iglesia RP, Lu M, Hu B, Cheng SY. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Glioma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2031. [PMID: 36009578 PMCID: PMC9405925 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, research in cancer biology has been focused on the protein-coding fraction of the human genome. However, with the discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), it has become known that these entities not only function in numerous fundamental life processes such as growth, differentiation, and development, but also play critical roles in a wide spectrum of human diseases, including cancer. Dysregulated ncRNA expression is found to affect cancer initiation, progression, and therapy resistance, through transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or epigenetic processes in the cell. In this review, we focus on the recent development and advances in ncRNA biology that are pertinent to their role in glioma tumorigenesis and therapy response. Gliomas are common, and are the most aggressive type of primary tumors, which account for ~30% of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Of these, glioblastoma (GBM), which are grade IV tumors, are the most lethal brain tumors. Only 5% of GBM patients survive beyond five years upon diagnosis. Hence, a deeper understanding of the cellular non-coding transcriptome might help identify biomarkers and therapeutic agents for a better treatment of glioma. Here, we delve into the functional roles of microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) in glioma tumorigenesis, discuss the function of their extracellular counterparts, and highlight their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Goenka
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Deanna Marie Tiek
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiao Song
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rebeca Piatniczka Iglesia
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Minghui Lu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Master of Biotechnology Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
A rationally identified panel of microRNAs targets multiple oncogenic pathways to enhance chemotherapeutic effects in glioblastoma models. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12017. [PMID: 35835978 PMCID: PMC9283442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor. Available treatments have limited success because most patients develop chemoresistance. Alternative strategies are required to improve anticancer effects of current chemotherapeutics while limiting resistance. Successful targeting of microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of gene expression can help reprogram GBM cells to better respond to chemotherapy. We aimed to identify a panel of miRNAs that target multiple oncogenic pathways to improve GBM therapy. We first identified differentially expressed miRNAs and tested if their target genes play central roles in GBM signaling pathways by analyzing data in the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. We then studied the effects of different combinations of these miRNAs in GBM cells by delivering synthetic miRNAs using clinically compatible PLGA-PEG nanoparticles prior to treatment with temozolomide (TMZ) or doxorubicin (DOX). The successful miRNA panel was tested in mice bearing U87-MG cells co-treated with TMZ. We identified a panel of five miRNAs (miRNA-138, miRNA-139, miRNA-218, miRNA-490, and miRNA-21) and their oncogenic targets (CDK6, ZEB1, STAT3, TGIF2, and SMAD7) that cover four different signaling pathways (cell proliferation and apoptotic signaling, invasion and metastasis, cytokine signaling, and stemness) in GBM. We observed significant in vitro and in vivo enhancement of therapeutic efficiency of TMZ and DOX in GBM models. The proposed combination therapy using rationally selected miRNAs and chemotherapeutic drugs is effective owing to the ability of this specific miRNA panel to better target multiple genes associated with the hallmarks of cancer.
Collapse
|
21
|
The Role of microRNAs in Multidrug Resistance of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133217. [PMID: 35804989 PMCID: PMC9265057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant types of central nervous system tumor which accounts for more than 60% of all brain tumors in adults. Owing to poor prognosis and drug resistance of most GBM, it is urged to further develop the diagnosis and treatment strategies. The aim of this article is to highlight the roles of some functional microRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant GBM. Besides, we suggest effective treatment strategies based on the expression profiles of these effective miRNAs to provide an alternative solution to deal with this cancer. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor that develops from neuroglial stem cells and represents a highly heterogeneous group of neoplasms. These tumors are predominantly correlated with a dismal prognosis and poor quality of life. In spite of major advances in developing novel and effective therapeutic strategies for patients with glioblastoma, multidrug resistance (MDR) is considered to be the major reason for treatment failure. Several mechanisms contribute to MDR in GBM, including upregulation of MDR transporters, alterations in the metabolism of drugs, dysregulation of apoptosis, defects in DNA repair, cancer stem cells, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large class of endogenous RNAs that participate in various cell events, including the mechanisms causing MDR in glioblastoma. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in the regulation of the underlying mechanisms in MDR glioblastoma which will open up new avenues of inquiry for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Collapse
|
22
|
Microrna-1224-5p Is a Potential Prognostic and Therapeutic Biomarker in Glioblastoma: Integrating Bioinformatics and Clinical Analyses. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:584-596. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
23
|
Stepanović A, Nikitović M, Stanojković TP, Grujičić D, Bukumirić Z, Srbljak I, Ilić R, Milošević S, Arsenijević T, Petrović N. Association between microRNAs 10b/21/34a and acute toxicity in glioblastoma patients treated with radiotherapy and temozolomide. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7505. [PMID: 35525840 PMCID: PMC9079078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A personalized approach to chemoradiation is important in reducing its potential side effects and identifying a group of patients prone to toxicity. MicroRNAs have been shown to have a predictive potential for radiotoxicity. The goal of the study was to test if levels of miRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of glioblastoma patients are associated with toxicity and to identify the peak time point for toxicity. MicroRNA-10b/21/34a levels were measured in 43 patients with and without toxicity, at baseline, at the 15th, and at the 30th fraction by Real-Time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. MicroRNA-10b/21 levels increased with toxicity grade (p = 0.014; p = 0.013); miR-21/34a levels were significantly different between patients with and without toxicity at the 15th fraction (p = 0.030; p = 0.045), while miR-34a levels significantly changed during treatment (p < 0.001). All three miRNAs showed a significantly high positive correlation with one another. MiR-34a might be considered as a predictive factor for toxicity due to its changes during treatment, and differences between the groups with and without toxicity; miR-10b might be used to predict toxicity; miR-10b/21 might be used for predicting the grade of toxicity in GB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Stepanović
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Nikitović
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tatjana P Stanojković
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Grujičić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic of Neurosurgery, Neuro-Oncology Department, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Bukumirić
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Srbljak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rosanda Ilić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic of Neurosurgery, Neuro-Oncology Department, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Milošević
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Neuro-Oncology Department, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Arsenijević
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Petrović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,"VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ezra Manicum AL, Sargazi S, Razzaq S, Kumar GV, Rahdar A, Er S, Ain QU, Bilal M, Aboudzadeh MA. Nano-immunotherapeutic strategies for targeted RNA delivery: Emphasizing the role of monocyte/macrophages as nanovehicles to treat glioblastoma multiforme. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
25
|
Schäfer A, Evers L, Meier L, Schlomann U, Bopp MHA, Dreizner GL, Lassmann O, Ben Bacha A, Benescu AC, Pojskic M, Preußer C, von Strandmann EP, Carl B, Nimsky C, Bartsch JW. The Metalloprotease-Disintegrin ADAM8 Alters the Tumor Suppressor miR-181a-5p Expression Profile in Glioblastoma Thereby Contributing to Its Aggressiveness. Front Oncol 2022; 12:826273. [PMID: 35371977 PMCID: PMC8964949 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.826273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) as the most common and aggressive brain tumor is characterized by genetic heterogeneity, invasiveness, radio-/chemoresistance, and occurrence of GBM stem-like cells. The metalloprotease-disintegrin ADAM8 is highly expressed in GBM tumor and immune cells and correlates with poor survival. In GBM, ADAM8 affects intracellular kinase signaling and increases expression levels of osteopontin/SPP1 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) by an unknown mechanism. Here we explored whether microRNA (miRNA) expression levels could be regulators of MMP9 expression in GBM cells expressing ADAM8. Initially, we identified several miRNAs as dysregulated in ADAM8-deficient U87 GBM cells. Among these, the tumor suppressor miR-181a-5p was significantly upregulated in ADAM8 knockout clones. By inhibiting kinase signaling, we found that ADAM8 downregulates expression of miR-181a-5p via activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling suggesting an ADAM8-dependent silencing of miR-181a-5p. In turn, mimic miR-181a-5p transfection caused decreased cell proliferation and lower MMP9 expression in GBM cells. Furthermore, miR-181a-5p was detected in GBM cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as well as patient serum-derived EVs. We identified miR-181a-5p downregulating MMP9 expression via targeting the MAPK pathway. Analysis of patient tissue samples (n=22) revealed that in GBM, miR-181a-5p is strongly downregulated compared to ADAM8 and MMP9 mRNA expression, even in localized tumor areas. Taken together, we provide evidence for a functional axis involving ADAM8/miR-181a-5p/MAPK/MMP9 in GBM tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Schäfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lara Evers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lara Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schlomann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Miriam H A Bopp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (MCMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Gian-Luca Dreizner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Lassmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Aaron Ben Bacha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Mirza Pojskic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Preußer
- Core Facility Extracellular Vesicles, Philipps University of Marburg - Medical Faculty, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Core Facility Extracellular Vesicles, Philipps University of Marburg - Medical Faculty, Marburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Carl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Nimsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (MCMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg W Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (MCMBB), Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Celastrol with a Knockdown of miR-9-2, miR-17 and miR-19 Causes Cell Cycle Changes and Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a cancer with extremely high aggressiveness, malignancy and mortality. Because of all of the poor prognosis features of GBM, new methods should be sought that will effectively cure it. We examined the efficacy of a combination of celastrol and a knockdown of the miR-9-2, miR-17 and miR-19 genes in the human glioblastoma U251MG cell line. U251MG cells were transfected with specific siRNA and exposed to celastrol. The effect of the knockdown of the miRs genes in combination with exposure to celastrol on the cell cycle (flow cytometry) and the expression of selected genes related to its regulation (RT-qPCR) and the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy was investigated. We found a significant reduction in cell viability and proliferation, an accumulation of the subG1-phase cells and a decreased population of cells in the S and G2/M phases, as well as the induction of apoptosis and autophagy. The observed changes were not identical in the case of the silencing of each of the tested miRNAs, which indicates a different mechanism of action of miR9-2, miR-17, miR-19 silencing on GBM cells in combination with celastrol. The multidirectional effects of the silencing of the genes encoding miR-9-2, miR-17 and miR-19 in combination with exposure to celastrol is possible. The studied strategy of silencing the miR overexpressed in GBM could be important in developing more effective treatments for glioblastoma. Additional studies are necessary in order to obtain a more detailed interpretation of the obtained results. The siRNA-induced miR-9-2, miR-17 and miR-19 mRNA knockdowns in combination with celastrol could offer a novel therapeutic strategy to more effectively control the growth of human GBM cells.
Collapse
|
27
|
Deciphering specific miRNAs in brain tumors: a 5-miRNA signature in glioblastoma. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:507-521. [PMID: 35175428 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs with a marked impact on the development and progression of brain tumors. However, they commonly share different expression patterns in other types of tumors, thereby exhibiting lack of tissue specificity. Here, an integrative holistic analysis of microarray data is established for deciphering dysregulated miRNAs in glioblastoma, distinguishing them from eight other CNS tumors. The identification of dysregulated miRNAs was performed in a pool of 176 patients, 118 of which diagnosed with glioblastoma. Dysregulated miRNAs commonly expressed in glioblastoma were then discriminated from those co-expressed in other CNS tumors and further characterized. Overall, 21 miRNAs were found to be commonly dysregulated in glioblastoma. Notwithstanding, 16 miRNAs also exhibited a differential expression in at least one other CNS tumor. The remaining 5, specifically, hsa-miR-21-3p, hsa-miR-338-5p, hsa-miR-485-5p, hsa-miR-491-5p and hsa-miR-1290, were solely associated to glioblastoma. This signature is in-depth characterized, with the spotlight on tumor progression, invasion and patient survival. These five endogenous molecules, differentially expressed in glioblastoma, are thus suggested as potential therapeutic targets, modulating several genes involved in major signalling pathways, including MAPK/ERK, calcium, PI3K/AKT, mTOR and Wnt. In summary, these findings lay a foundation for further research on the expression and function of specific patterns of miRNAs expression in glioblastoma, providing reference for potential novel targets.
Collapse
|
28
|
Li Y, Sharma A, Maciaczyk J, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Recent Development in NKT-Based Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma: From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031311. [PMID: 35163235 PMCID: PMC8835986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and dismal disease with a median overall survival of around 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of 7.2%. Owing to genetic mutations, drug resistance, disruption to the blood–brain barrier (BBB)/blood–brain tumor barrier (BBTB), and the complexity of the immunosuppressive environment, the therapeutic approaches to GBM represent still major challenges. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and standard chemotherapy with temozolomide, have not resulted in satisfactory improvements in the overall survival of GBM patients. Among cancer immunotherapeutic approaches, we propose that adjuvant NKT immunotherapy with invariant NKT (iNKT) and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells may improve the clinical scenario of this devastating disease. Considering this, herein, we discuss the current strategies of NKT therapy for GBM based primarily on in vitro/in vivo experiments, clinical trials, and the combinatorial approaches with future therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Li
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Department of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jarek Maciaczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.S.); (J.M.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Department of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-2871-7050
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mukherjee S, Shelar B, Krishna S. Versatile role of miR-24/24-1*/24-2* expression in cancer and other human diseases. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:20-54. [PMID: 35173828 PMCID: PMC8829624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs (miRs) have been proven to be well-validated therapeutic targets. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that intricate, intrinsic and paradoxical functions of miRs are context-dependent because of their multiple upstream regulators, broad spectrum of downstream molecular targets and distinct expression in various tissues, organs and disease states. Targeted therapy has become an emerging field of research. One key for the development of successful miR-based/targeted therapy is to acquire integrated knowledge of its regulatory network and its association with disease phenotypes to identify critical nodes of the underlying pathogenesis. Herein, we systematically summarized the comprehensive role of miR-24-3p (miR-24), along with its passenger strands miR-24-1-5p* (miR-24-1) and miR-24-2-5p* (miR-24-2), emphasizing their microenvironment, intracellular targets, and associated gene networks and regulatory phenotypes in 18 different cancer types and 13 types of other disorders. MiR-24 targets and regulates numerous genes in various cancer types and enhances the expression of several oncogenes (e.g., cMyc, BCL2 and HIF1), which are challenging in terms of druggability. In contrast, several tumor suppressor proteins (p21 and p53) have been reported to be downregulated by miR-24. MiR-24 also regulates the cell cycle and is associated with numerous cancer hallmarks such as apoptosis, proliferation, metastasis, invasion, angiogenesis, autophagy, drug resistance and other diseases pathogenesis. Overall, miR-24 plays an emerging role in the diagnosis, prognosis and pathobiology of various diseases. MiR-24 is a potential target for targeted therapy in the era of precision medicine, which expands the landscape of targetable macromolecules, including undruggable proteins.
Collapse
|
30
|
Targeting Cancer by Using Nanoparticles to Modulate RHO GTPase Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:115-127. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
31
|
Hadizadeh M, Soltani R, Langaee T, Shadpirouz M, Ghasemi S. Exploring VEGF-Linked Pathways: Investigating Multiple miRNAs for Their Therapeutic Potential in Angiogenesis Targets and as Biomarkers in Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2022; 11:306-319. [PMID: 37727644 PMCID: PMC10506677 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.11.4.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Alternative pathways frequently operate as the origins of resistance to drugs that block the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. To find possible therapeutic targets and indicators, this study explored the VEGF pathway and how miRNAs control it in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (rGBM). Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified by using GBM GSE profiles (GSE32466). To find pathways containing DEmiRNAs, VEGF pathway genes, and their related genes, DIANA-miRPath v3.0 and the ToppGene database were utilized. miRNAs linked to VEGF signaling pathway genes, interactional genes, and DEmiRNAs were discovered by extracting common pathways. The ability of these miRNAs to distinguish rGBM patients from those with primary GBM was assessed using ROC analysis. The study revealed that in rGBM, 30 miRNAs were significantly up-regulated and 49 miRNAs were considerably down-regulated. Among them, the VEGF pathway was connected to 22 up-regulated miRNAs and 29 down-regulated miRNAs. The MAPK pathway shared the most genes with the VEGF pathway, accounting for 1,014 of the interacting genes, which were discovered to have interactions with VEGF signaling pathway genes. Furthermore, 14 miRNAs were identified as having a great deal of potential as molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for rGBM. The results indicate that the VEGF pathway in rGBM is regulated by a number of interrelated pathways. The discovered miRNAs hold promise as rGBM biomarkers and therapeutic targets, offering possibilities for novel therapy strategies and aiding rGBM diagnosis and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Hadizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ramin Soltani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Taimour Langaee
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Marziye Shadpirouz
- Department of Applied Matemathics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Sorayya Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
MicroRNAs Regulate Cell Cycle and Cell Death Pathways in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413550. [PMID: 34948346 PMCID: PMC8705881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a grade IV brain tumor, is known for its heterogenicity and its resistance to the current treatment regimen. Over the last few decades, a significant amount of new molecular and genetic findings has been reported regarding factors contributing to GBM’s development into a lethal phenotype and its overall poor prognosis. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small non-coding sequences of RNA that regulate and influence the expression of multiple genes. Many research findings have highlighted the importance of miRNAs in facilitating and controlling normal biological functions, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, miRNAs’ ability to initiate and promote cancer development, directly or indirectly, has been shown in many types of cancer. There is a clear association between alteration in miRNAs expression in GBM’s ability to escape apoptosis, proliferation, and resistance to treatment. Further, miRNAs regulate the already altered pathways in GBM, including P53, RB, and PI3K-AKT pathways. Furthermore, miRNAs also contribute to autophagy at multiple stages. In this review, we summarize the functions of miRNAs in GBM pathways linked to dysregulation of cell cycle control, apoptosis and resistance to treatment, and the possible use of miRNAs in clinical settings as treatment and prediction biomarkers.
Collapse
|
33
|
Reséndiz-Castillo LJ, Minjarez B, Reza-Zaldívar EE, Hernández-Sapiéns MA, Gutiérrez-Mercado YK, Canales-Aguirre AA. The effects of altered neurogenic microRNA levels and their involvement in the aggressiveness of periventricular glioblastoma. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021; 37:781-793. [PMID: 34810139 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary brain tumour, with the least favourable prognosis. Despite numerous studies and medical advances, it continues to be lethal, with an average life expectancy of 15 months after chemo-radiotherapy. DEVELOPMENT Recent research has addressed several factors associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of glioblastoma; one significant factor is tumour localisation, particularly the subventricular zone, which represents one of the most active neurogenic niches of the adult human brain. Glioblastomas in this area are generally more aggressive, resulting in unfavourable prognosis and a shorter life expectancy. Currently, the research into microRNAs (miRNA) has intensified, revealing different expression patterns under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It has been reported that the expression levels of certain miRNAs, mainly those related to neurogenic processes, are dysregulated in oncogenic events, thus favouring gliomagenesis and greater tumour aggressiveness. This review discusses some of the most important miRNAs involved in subventricular neurogenic processes and their association with glioblastoma aggressiveness. CONCLUSIONS MiRNA regulation and function play an important role in the development and progression of glioblastoma; understanding the alterations of certain miRNAs involved in both differentiation and neural and glial maturation could help us to better understand the malignant characteristics of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Reséndiz-Castillo
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - B Minjarez
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - E E Reza-Zaldívar
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M A Hernández-Sapiéns
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Y K Gutiérrez-Mercado
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - A A Canales-Aguirre
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhong H, Liu S, Cao F, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Tang F, Peng Z, Li Y, Xu S, Wang C, Yang G, Li ZQ. Dissecting Tumor Antigens and Immune Subtypes of Glioma to Develop mRNA Vaccine. Front Immunol 2021; 12:709986. [PMID: 34512630 PMCID: PMC8429949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.709986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nowadays, researchers are leveraging the mRNA-based vaccine technology used to develop personalized immunotherapy for cancer. However, its application against glioma is still in its infancy. In this study, the applicable candidates were excavated for mRNA vaccine treatment in the perspective of immune regulation, and suitable glioma recipients with corresponding immune subtypes were further investigated. Methods The RNA-seq data and clinical information of 702 and 325 patients were recruited from TCGA and CGGA, separately. The genetic alteration profile was visualized and compared by cBioPortal. Then, we explored prognostic outcomes and immune correlations of the selected antigens to validate their clinical relevance. The prognostic index was measured via GEPIA2, and infiltration of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) was calculated and visualized by TIMER. Based on immune-related gene expression, immune subtypes of glioma were identified using consensus clustering analysis. Moreover, the immune landscape was visualized by graph learning-based dimensionality reduction analysis. Results Four glioma antigens, namely ANXA5, FKBP10, MSN, and PYGL, associated with superior prognoses and infiltration of APCs were selected. Three immune subtypes IS1-IS3 were identified, which fundamentally differed in molecular, cellular, and clinical signatures. Patients in subtypes IS2 and IS3 carried immunologically cold phenotypes, whereas those in IS1 carried immunologically hot phenotype. Particularly, patients in subtypes IS3 and IS2 demonstrated better outcomes than that in IS1. Expression profiles of immune checkpoints and immunogenic cell death (ICD) modulators showed a difference among IS1-IS3 tumors. Ultimately, the immune landscape of glioma elucidated considerable heterogeneity not only between individual patients but also within the same immune subtype. Conclusions ANXA5, FKBP10, MSN, and PYGL are identified as potential antigens for anti-glioma mRNA vaccine production, specifically for patients in immune subtypes 2 and 3. In summary, this study may shed new light on the promising approaches of immunotherapy, such as devising mRNA vaccination tailored to applicable glioma recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohua Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Yangsheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 901 Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Logistic Support Force, Hefei, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 901 Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Logistic Support Force, Hefei, China
| | - Guohua Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen M, Medarova Z, Moore A. Role of microRNAs in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1707-1723. [PMID: 34434499 PMCID: PMC8378762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary human brain cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of small endogenous non-coding RNA molecules which play critical roles in different biological processes including cancer. The realization of miRNA regulatory functions in GBM has demonstrated that these molecules play a critical role in its initiation, progression and response to therapy. In this review we discuss the studies related to miRNA discovery and function in glioblastoma. We first summarize the typical miRNAs and their roles in GBM. Then we debate the potential for miRNA-based therapy for glioblastoma, including various delivery strategies. We surmise that future directions identified by these studies will point towards the necessity for therapeutic development and optimization to improve the outcomes for patients with glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Exosomal noncoding RNAs: key players in glioblastoma drug resistance. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4081-4092. [PMID: 34273059 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioma, as one of the most severe human malignancies, is defined as the Central Nervous System's (CNS) tumors. Glioblastoma (GBM) in this regard, is the most malignant type of gliomas. There are multiple therapeutic strategies to cure GBM, for which chemotherapy is often the first-line treatment. Still, various cellular processes, such as uncontrolled proliferation, invasion and metastasis, may disturb the treatment efficacy. Drug resistance is another process in this way, which can also cause undesirable effects. Thereupon, identifying the mechanisms, involved in developing drug resistance and the relevant mechanisms can be very helpful in GBM management. The discovery of exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), RNA molecules that can be transferred between the cells and different tissues using the exosomes, was a milestone in this regard. It has been revealed that the key exosomal ncRNAs, including circular RNAs, microRNAs, and long ncRNAs, are able to modulate GBM drug resistance through different signaling pathways or by affecting regulatory proteins and their corresponding genes. Nowadays, researchers are trying to overcome the limitations of chemotherapy by targeting these RNA molecules. Accordingly, this review aims to clarify the substantial roles of exosomal ncRNAs in GBM drug resistance and involved mechanisms.
Collapse
|
37
|
Talib WH, Mahmod AI, Kamal A, Rashid HM, Alashqar AMD, Khater S, Jamal D, Waly M. Ketogenic Diet in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Opportunities. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:558-589. [PMID: 34287243 PMCID: PMC8928964 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer is still one of the most significant global challenges facing public health, the world still lacks complementary approaches that would significantly enhance the efficacy of standard anticancer therapies. One of the essential strategies during cancer treatment is following a healthy diet program. The ketogenic diet (KD) has recently emerged as a metabolic therapy in cancer treatment, targeting cancer cell metabolism rather than a conventional dietary approach. The ketogenic diet (KD), a high-fat and very-low-carbohydrate with adequate amounts of protein, has shown antitumor effects by reducing energy supplies to cells. This low energy supply inhibits tumor growth, explaining the ketogenic diet's therapeutic mechanisms in cancer treatment. This review highlights the crucial mechanisms that explain the ketogenic diet's potential antitumor effects, which probably produces an unfavorable metabolic environment for cancer cells and can be used as a promising adjuvant in cancer therapy. Studies discussed in this review provide a solid background for researchers and physicians to design new combination therapies based on KD and conventional therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Ayah Kamal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Hasan M. Rashid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Aya M. D. Alashqar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Samar Khater
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Duaa Jamal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Mostafa Waly
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 34-123, Oman;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kovalenko TF, Larionova TD, Antipova NV, Shakhparonov MI, Pavlyukov MS. The Role of Non-coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Glial Tumors. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:38-51. [PMID: 34707896 PMCID: PMC8526181 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many malignant neoplasms, glioblastoma (GBM) leads to one of the worst prognosis for patients and has an almost 100% recurrence rate. The only chemotherapeutic drug that is widely used for treating glioblastoma is temozolomide, a DNA alkylating agent. Its impact, however, is only minor; it increases patients' survival just by 12 to 14 months. Multiple highly selective compounds that affect specific proteins and have performed well in other types of cancer have proved ineffective against glioblastoma. Hence, there is an urgent need for novel methods that could help achieve the long-awaited progress in glioblastoma treatment. One of the potentially promising approaches is the targeting of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These molecules are characterized by extremely high multifunctionality and often act as integrators by coordinating multiple key signaling pathways within the cell. Thus, the impact on ncRNAs has the potential to lead to a broader and stronger impact on cells, as opposed to the more focused action of inhibitors targeting specific proteins. In this review, we summarize the functions of long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, as well as microRNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs, small nuclear and small nucleolar RNAs. We provide a classification of these transcripts and describe their role in various signaling pathways and physiological processes. We also provide examples of oncogenic and tumor suppressor ncRNAs belonging to each of these classes in the context of their involvement in the pathogenesis of gliomas and glioblastomas. In conclusion, we considered the potential use of ncRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. F. Kovalenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - T. D. Larionova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - N. V. Antipova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - M. I. Shakhparonov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - M. S. Pavlyukov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Batara DCR, Choi MC, Shin HU, Kim H, Kim SH. Friend or Foe: Paradoxical Roles of Autophagy in Gliomagenesis. Cells 2021; 10:1411. [PMID: 34204169 PMCID: PMC8227518 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor in adults, with a poor median survival of approximately 15 months after diagnosis. Despite several decades of intensive research on its cancer biology, treatment for GBM remains a challenge. Autophagy, a fundamental homeostatic mechanism, is responsible for degrading and recycling damaged or defective cellular components. It plays a paradoxical role in GBM by either promoting or suppressing tumor growth depending on the cellular context. A thorough understanding of autophagy's pleiotropic roles is needed to develop potential therapeutic strategies for GBM. In this paper, we discussed molecular mechanisms and biphasic functions of autophagy in gliomagenesis. We also provided a summary of treatments for GBM, emphasizing the importance of autophagy as a promising molecular target for treating GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Don Carlo Ramos Batara
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (D.C.R.B.); (H.-U.S.)
| | - Moon-Chang Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Hyeon-Uk Shin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (D.C.R.B.); (H.-U.S.)
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (D.C.R.B.); (H.-U.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vojdani S, Ghaderian SMH, Zali A, Rakhshan A, Oraee Yazdani S, Poursheikhani A, Bidari Zerehpoush F, Sharifi G. Altered expression of EGFR and miR-34a derived from serum and tumoral tissue was associated with glioblastoma multiform. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 121:104655. [PMID: 34062187 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most prevalent and invasive brain malignancy in adults. There are ongoing researches to introduce novel and non-invasive potential biomarkers for the early detection of GBM. METHODS Here we compared the expression of EGFR, miR-34a, and miR-19a between tumoral and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANCTs) of 50 GBM patients and also compared their expression levels in serum samples of GBM patients with serum samples of 50 control subjects. RESULTS The expression level of the EGFR gene was elevated in GBM tissues in comparison to the corresponding ANCTs (P < 0.0001) and also was higher in the serum sample of patients compared with control serum (P < 0.0001). The miR-34a was significantly downregulated in serum samples as well as tissues obtained from GBM patients compared with the corresponding controls (expression ratio = 0.57 and 0.4, P = 0.02 and 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Dysregulation of the EGFR gene and miR-34a in serum samples of GBM patients compared with the control subjects promises the emergence of non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of GBM which need confirmative studies with a large sample size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Vojdani
- Department of Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayyed Mohammad Hossein Ghaderian
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Zali
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aazadeh Rakhshan
- Department of Pathology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Oraee Yazdani
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Poursheikhani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Bidari Zerehpoush
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, HakimLoghman Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giuve Sharifi
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neurosurgical Science, Loghman Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Potential role of microRNAs as biomarkers in human glioblastoma: a mini systematic review from 2015 to 2020. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4647-4658. [PMID: 34032976 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common, aggressive and malignant type of glioma, with poor prognosis, despite advances in medical knowledge and technology. It's known that some microRNAs (miRNAs) can be dysregulated and associated with tumors. We aim to investigate miRNAs that may have a role as potential biomarkers in human glioblastoma. A search was performed using PubMed, LILACS and SCIELO databases to find papers from 2015 to 2020, related to human in vitro and ex vivo data. From 99 articles, 10 were eligible and 13 dysregulated miRNAs were found with description of regulation, target(s), pathway(s) and mechanism(s). The miRNAs of interest were found and seem to be involved in development and progression of glioblastoma and used as target therapies. Understanding the mechanisms in which those miRNAs are involved and their role in epigenetic pathways that lead to cancer, as well as their potential in clinical application, may improve GBM clinical outcome (CRD42020182706, 07/10/2020, retrospectively registered).
Collapse
|
42
|
Karkhane M, Lashgarian HE, Hormozi M, Fallahi S, Cheraghipour K, Marzban A. Oncogenesis and Tumor Inhibition by MicroRNAs and its Potential Therapeutic Applications: A Systematic Review. Microrna 2021; 9:198-215. [PMID: 31686643 DOI: 10.2174/2211536608666191104103834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs appear as small molecule modifiers, which improve many new findings and mechanical illustrations for critically important biological phenomena and pathologic events. The best-characterized non-coding RNA family consists of about 2600 human microRNAs. Rich evidence has revealed their crucial importance in maintaining normal development, differentiation, growth control, aging, modulation of cell survival or apoptosis, as well as migration and metastasis as microRNAs dysregulation leads to cancer incidence and progression. By far, microRNAs have recently emerged as attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. The rationale for developing microRNA therapeutics is based on the premise that aberrantly expressed microRNAs play a significant role in the emergence of a variety of human diseases ranging from cardiovascular defects to cancer, and that repairing these microRNA deficiencies by either antagonizing or restoring microRNA function may yield a therapeutic benefit. Although microRNA antagonists are conceptually similar to other inhibitory therapies, improving the performance of microRNAs by microRNA replacement or inhibition that is a less well- described attitude. In this assay, we have condensed the last global knowledge and concepts regarding the involvement of microRNAs in cancer emergence, which has been achieved from the previous studies, consisting of the regulation of key cancer-related pathways, such as cell cycle control and the DNA damage response and the disruption of profile expression in human cancer. Here, we have reviewed the special characteristics of microRNA replacement and inhibition therapies and discussed explorations linked with the delivery of microRNA mimics in turmeric cells. Besides, the achievement of biomarkers based on microRNAs in clinics is considered as novel non-invasive biomarkers in diagnostic and prognostic assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karkhane
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Esmaeil Lashgarian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Hormozi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Kourosh Cheraghipour
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abdolrazagh Marzban
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu Y, Jiang K, Zhi T, Xu X. miR-720 is a key regulator of glioma migration and invasion by controlling TARSL2 expression. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1504-1516. [PMID: 34024034 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal type of primary brain tumor and is characterized by diffuse infiltrative growth. However, the mechanisms that control this phenotype remain largely unknown. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the abnormal expression of microRNAs and their target genes are involved in the migration and invasion of glioma cells. In this study, we demonstrated that microRNA-720 (miR-720) was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues and cells. Functional experiments showed that overexpression of miR-720 promotes glioma migration and invasion, while downregulation of miR-720 inhibits glioma migration and invasion. Meanwhile, we found that threonyl-tRNA synthetase like-2 (TARSL2) was a direct and functional target of miR-720 in glioma. Reintroduction of TARSL2 into glioma cells repressed the invasion promoting function of miR-720, whereas downregulation of TARSL2 reversed the anti-invasion function of anti-miR-720. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that miR-720 was inversely correlated with TARSL2 expression in 40 GBM tissues. Finally, in vivo experiments showed that miR-720 promotes glioma growth and upregulates invasion-related genes in nude mice. Overall, our findings suggest increasing miR-720 enhances glioma migration and invasion through downregulation of TARSL2, which may provide novel insight into the treatment of glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinlong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kuan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, 214200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tongle Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, 224006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiupeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abak A, Shoorei H, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. In vivo Engineering of Chromosome 19 q-arm by Employing the CRISPR/AsCpf1 and ddAsCpf1 Systems in Human Malignant Gliomas (Hypothesis). J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1648-1663. [PMID: 33990905 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deletions of the q13.3 region of chromosome 19 have been found commonly in all three main kinds of diffuse human malignant gliomas, powerfully demonstrating the existence of tumor suppressor genes in this region. Consistent with the previous studies, the most common deletion interval has been mapped to a roughly 4 Mb region of 19q13.3 between the APOC2 and HRC genes, between genetic markers D19S219 and D19S246. EML2 is a tumor suppressor gene that is located on 19q13.32 and is considerably methylated in high-grade gliomas. Notably, MIR330 gene that is situated within the non-coding intronic region of EML2 is also detected as an oncosuppressor-miR in a variety of cancers including gliomas. Additionally, glioma oncoprotein Bcl2L12 which is located on 19q13.33 is significantly overexpressed in glioblastoma multiform and has a pivotal role in cancer evolution and resistance to apoptosis. Other genes such as MIR519D and NOP53 are also discovered as tumor suppressor genes in gliomas which are located on 19q13.3 and 19q13.4, respectively. Therefore, we hypothesize that a CRISPR/AsCpf1-based genome engineering strategy might be utilized to attach these deleted sizeable chromosomal portions of genes coding tumor suppressors as vital parts of the chromosome 19 q-arm with the purpose of treatment of this chromosomal abnormality in gliomas. Also, we can concurrently employ the CRISPR-ddAsCpf1 strategy for the precise suppression of Bcl2L12 oncogene in glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics. Shahid, Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Grixti JM, Ayers D, Day PJR. An Analysis of Mechanisms for Cellular Uptake of miRNAs to Enhance Drug Delivery and Efficacy in Cancer Chemoresistance. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:27. [PMID: 33923485 PMCID: PMC8167612 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Up until recently, it was believed that pharmaceutical drugs and their metabolites enter into the cell to gain access to their targets via simple diffusion across the hydrophobic lipid cellular membrane, at a rate which is based on their lipophilicity. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that the phospholipid bilayer-mediated drug diffusion is in fact negligible, and that drugs pass through cell membranes via proteinaceous membrane transporters or carriers which are normally used for the transportation of nutrients and intermediate metabolites. Drugs can be targeted to specific cells and tissues which express the relevant transporters, leading to the design of safe and efficacious treatments. Furthermore, transporter expression levels can be manipulated, systematically and in a high-throughput manner, allowing for considerable progress in determining which transporters are used by specific drugs. The ever-expanding field of miRNA therapeutics is not without its challenges, with the most notable one being the safe and effective delivery of the miRNA mimic/antagonist safely to the target cell cytoplasm for attaining the desired clinical outcome, particularly in miRNA-based cancer therapeutics, due to the poor efficiency of neo-vascular systems revolting around the tumour site, brought about by tumour-induced angiogenesis. This acquisition of resistance to several types of anticancer drugs can be as a result of an upregulation of efflux transporters expression, which eject drugs from cells, hence lowering drug efficacy, resulting in multidrug resistance. In this article, the latest available data on human microRNAs has been reviewed, together with the most recently described mechanisms for miRNA uptake in cells, for future therapeutic enhancements against cancer chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine M. Grixti
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK;
| | - Duncan Ayers
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK;
| | - Philip J. R. Day
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nakaoka A, Nakahana M, Inubushi S, Akasaka H, Salah M, Fujita Y, Kubota H, Hassan M, Nishikawa R, Mukumoto N, Ishihara T, Miyawaki D, Sasayama T, Sasaki R. Exosome-mediated radiosensitizing effect on neighboring cancer cells via increase in intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:13. [PMID: 33649776 PMCID: PMC7877005 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise mechanism of intercellular communication between cancer cells following radiation exposure is unclear. Exosomes are membrane‑enclosed small vesicles comprising lipid bilayers and are mediators of intercellular communication that transport a variety of intracellular components, including microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs). The present study aimed to identify novel roles of exosomes released from irradiated cells to neighboring cancer cells. In order to confirm the presence of exosomes in the human pancreatic cancer cell line MIAPaCa‑2, ultracentrifugation was performed followed by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NanoSight) using the exosome‑specific surface markers CD9 and CD63. Subsequent endocytosis of exosomes was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy. Cell survival following irradiation and the addition of exosomes was evaluated by colony forming assay. Expression levels of miRNAs in exosomes were then quantified by microarray analysis, while protein expression levels of Cu/Zn‑ and Mn‑superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and 2, respectively) enzymes in MIAPaCa‑2 cells were evaluated by western blotting. Results showed that the uptake of irradiated exosomes was significantly higher than that of non‑irradiated exosomes. Notably, irradiated exosomes induced higher intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a higher frequency of DNA damage in MIAPaCa‑2 cells, as determined by fluorescent microscopy and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Moreover, six up‑ and five downregulated miRNAs were identified in 5 and 8 Gy‑irradiated cells using miRNA microarray analyses. Further analysis using miRNA mimics and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR identified miR‑6823‑5p as a potential candidate to inhibit SOD1, leading to increased intracellular ROS levels and DNA damage. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that irradiated exosomes enhance the radiation effect via increasing intracellular ROS levels in cancer cells. This contributes to improved understanding of the bystander effect of neighboring cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Nakaoka
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Makiko Nakahana
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Sachiko Inubushi
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Akasaka
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mohammed Salah
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Yoshiko Fujita
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kubota
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mennaallah Hassan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naritoshi Mukumoto
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ishihara
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miyawaki
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sasaki
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Noncoding RNAs in Glioblastoma: Emerging Biological Concepts and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071555. [PMID: 33800703 PMCID: PMC8037102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Since the completion of the Human Genome Project, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as an important class of genetic regulators. Several classes of ncRNAs, which include microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), have been shown to play important roles in controlling developmental and disease processes. In this article, we discuss the potential roles of ncRNAs in regulating glioblastoma (GBM) formation and progression as well as potential strategies to exploit the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of ncRNAs in GBM. Abstract Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of genomic regulators, ushering in a new era in molecular biology. With the advent of advanced genetic sequencing technology, several different classes of ncRNAs have been uncovered, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), which have been linked to many important developmental and disease processes and are being pursued as clinical and therapeutic targets. Molecular phenotyping studies of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal cancer of the adult brain, revealed that several ncRNAs are frequently dysregulated in its pathogenesis. Additionally, ncRNAs regulate many important aspects of glioma biology including tumour cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and self-renewal. Here, we present an overview of the biogenesis of the different classes of ncRNAs, discuss their biological roles, as well as their relevance to gliomagenesis. We conclude by discussing potential approaches to therapeutically target the ncRNAs in clinic.
Collapse
|
48
|
Khan MB, Ruggieri R, Jamil E, Tran NL, Gonzalez C, Mugridge N, Gao S, MacDiarmid J, Brahmbhatt H, Sarkaria JN, Boockvar J, Symons M. Nanocell-mediated delivery of miR-34a counteracts temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma. Mol Med 2021; 27:28. [PMID: 33765907 PMCID: PMC7993499 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor and remains uniformly fatal, highlighting the dire need for developing effective therapeutics. Significant intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity and inadequate delivery of therapeutics across blood-brain barrier continue to be significant impediments towards developing therapies which can significantly enhance survival. We hypothesize that microRNAs have the potential to serve as effective therapeutics for glioblastoma as they modulate the activity of multiple signaling pathways, and hence can counteract heterogeneity if successfully delivered. METHODS Using a computational approach, we identified microRNA-34a as a microRNA that maximally reduces the activation status of the three core signaling networks (the receptor tyrosine kinase, p53 and Rb networks) that have been found to be deregulated in most glioblastoma tumors. Glioblastoma cultures were transfected with microRNA-34a or control microRNA to assess biological function and therapeutic potential in vitro. Nanocells were derived from genetically modified bacteria and loaded with microRNA-34a for intravenous administration to orthotopic patient-derived glioblastoma xenografts in mice. RESULTS Overexpression of microRNA-34a strongly reduced the activation status of the three core signaling networks. microRNA-34a transfection also inhibited the survival of multiple established glioblastoma cell lines, as well as primary patient-derived xenograft cultures representing the proneural, mesenchymal and classical subtypes. Transfection of microRNA-34a enhanced temozolomide (TMZ) response in in vitro cultures of glioblastoma cells with primary TMZ sensitivity, primary TMZ resistance and acquired TMZ resistance. Mechanistically, microRNA-34a downregulated multiple therapeutic resistance genes which are associated with worse survival in glioblastoma patients and are enriched in specific tumor spatial compartments. Importantly, intravenous administration of nanocells carrying miR-34a and targeted to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) strongly enhanced TMZ sensitivity in an orthotopic patient-derived xenograft mouse model of glioblastoma. CONCLUSIONS Targeted bacterially-derived nanocells are an effective vehicle for the delivery of microRNA-34a to glioblastoma tumors. microRNA-34a inhibits survival and strongly sensitizes a wide range of glioblastoma cell cultures to TMZ, suggesting that combination therapy of TMZ with microRNA-34a loaded nanocells may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of glioblastoma tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Khan
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.
- Karches Center for Oncology, The Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Rosamaria Ruggieri
- Karches Center for Oncology, The Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Eesha Jamil
- Karches Center for Oncology, The Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Camila Gonzalez
- Karches Center for Oncology, The Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John Boockvar
- Brain Tumor Center, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Marc Symons
- Karches Center for Oncology, The Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sixto-López Y, Marhuenda E, García-Vazquez JB, Fragoso-Vazquez MJ, Rosales-Hernández MC, Zacarías-Lara O, Méndez-Luna D, Gómez-Vidal JA, Cornu D, Norbert B, Correa-Basurto J. Targeting Several Biologically Reported Targets of Glioblastoma Multiforme by Assaying 2D and 3D Cultured Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1909-1920. [PMID: 33740172 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is account for 70% of all primary malignancies of the central nervous system. The median survival of human patients after treatment is around 15 months. There are several biological targets which have been reported that can be pursued using ligands with varied structures to treat this disease. In our group, we have developed several ligands that target a wide range of proteins involved in anticancer effects, such as histone deacetylase (HDACs), G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER), estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), that were screened on bidimensional (2D) and tridimensional (3D) GBM stem cells like (GSC). Our results show that some HDAC inhibitors show antiproliferative properties at 21-32 µM. These results suggest that in this 3D culture, HDACs could be the most relevant targets that are modulated to induce the antiproliferative effects that require in the future further experimental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudibeth Sixto-López
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos y Productos Biotecnológicos, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, México City, Mexico
| | - Emilie Marhuenda
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INM, U-1051, Univ. Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, ENSCM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Juan Benjamin García-Vazquez
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos y Productos Biotecnológicos, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, México City, Mexico.
| | - Manuel Jonathan Fragoso-Vazquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N. Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Oscar Zacarías-Lara
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos y Productos Biotecnológicos, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, México City, Mexico
| | - David Méndez-Luna
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos y Productos Biotecnológicos, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, México City, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Gómez-Vidal
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - David Cornu
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, IEM, UMR-5635, Univ. Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Bakalara Norbert
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INM, U-1051, Univ. Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, ENSCM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos y Productos Biotecnológicos, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, México City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Singh N, Miner A, Hennis L, Mittal S. Mechanisms of temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma - a comprehensive review. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:17-43. [PMID: 34337348 PMCID: PMC8319838 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and has an exceedingly low median overall survival of only 15 months. Current standard-of-care for GBM consists of gross total surgical resection followed by radiation with concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-choice chemotherapeutic agent in GBM; however, the development of resistance to TMZ often becomes the limiting factor in effective treatment. While O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase repair activity and uniquely resistant populations of glioma stem cells are the most well-known contributors to TMZ resistance, many other molecular mechanisms have come to light in recent years. Key emerging mechanisms include the involvement of other DNA repair systems, aberrant signaling pathways, autophagy, epigenetic modifications, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicle production. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinically relevant molecular mechanisms and their extensive interconnections to better inform efforts to combat TMZ resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| | - Alexandra Miner
- Division of Neurosurgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| | - Lauren Hennis
- Division of Neurosurgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| | - Sandeep Mittal
- Division of Neurosurgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Carilion Clinic - Neurosurgery, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| |
Collapse
|