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Xie J, Chen L, Liu Q, Li XT, Lei XY. Efficacy of Chemoimmunotherapy versus Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Survival Outcomes. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2649-2660. [PMID: 38265394 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673263335231121103807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer has been traditionally treated with chemotherapy as the primary mode of treatment. However, recent studies have shown that chemoimmunotherapy is also effective and, in some cases, better than chemotherapy treatment. Current study aimed to find the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy versus chemotherapy in the treatment of gastric cancer. METHODS Using electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and EBSCO, a thorough literature search was carried out for the years 2006 to 2023. The search strategy was designed to identify relevant studies based on chemoimmunotherapy and chemotherapy intervention, and the search was conducted using appropriate keywords and MeSH terms. The retrieved studies were screened for relevance based on their titles, abstracts, and full texts. The studies' inclusion criteria were predefined, and the selected studies were then subjected to a quality assessment using GradePro GDT. The data from selected studies were extracted and analyzed using Revman version 5.4. RESULTS The study found that chemoimmunotherapy treatment resulted in a significant improvement in overall survival (OS) with a risk ratio (RR) of 1.54 and a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of 1.25 to 1.89. The overall effect was also found to be significant, with a p-value of less than 0.001. Furthermore, we also observed an improvement in the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates with risk ratio (RR) of 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.17), 1.43 (95% CI: 1.28, 1.60), and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.10, 2.30), respectively. In addition, it's also found that chemoimmunotherapy treatment also resulted in an improvement in DFS with an RR of 1.94 and a 95% CI of 1.44 to 2.59. Overall, these results suggest that chemoimmunotherapy treatment can be an effective approach in comparison to chemotherapy for improving overall survival and disease-free survival in the studied population. CONCLUSION This study comparing chemoimmunotherapy versus chemotherapy for gastric cancer showed that both treatments were effective, but chemoimmunotherapy had more significant efficacy. To support these results, additional studies with a large sample size and a longer follow-up time are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xi-Tai Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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Foo YY, Tiah A, Aung SW. Harnessing the power of memory-like NK cells to fight cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 212:212-223. [PMID: 36866467 PMCID: PMC10243875 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells possess the innate ability to eliminate cancerous cells effectively. Their crucial role in immunosurveillance has been widely recognized and exploited for therapeutic intervention. Despite the fast-acting nature of NK cells, NK adoptive cell transfer lacks favorable response in some patients. Patient NK cells often display diminished phenotype in preventing cancer progression resulting in poor prognosis. Tumor microenvironment plays a significant role in causing the downfall of NK cells in patients. The release of inhibitory factors by tumor microenvironment hinders normal function of NK cells against tumor. To overcome this challenge, therapeutic strategies such as cytokine stimulation and genetic manipulation are being investigated to improve NK tumor-killing capacity. One of the promising approaches includes generation of more competent NK cells via ex vivo cytokines activation and proliferation. Cytokine-induced ML-NK demonstrated phenotypic alterations such as enhanced expression of activating receptors which help elevate their antitumor response. Previous preclinical studies showed enhanced cytotoxicity and IFNγ production in ML-NK cells compared to normal NK cells against malignant cells. Similar effects are shown in clinical studies in which MK-NK demonstrated encouraging results in treating hematological cancer. However, there is still a lack of in-depth studies using ML-NK in treating different types of tumors and cancers. With convincing preliminary response, this cell-based approach could be used to complement other therapeutic modalities to achieve better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yan Foo
- Department of Research and Development, CELLAAX Sdn Bhd, Block D & E, No. 3, Jalan Tasik, Mines Wellness City, Seri Kembangan, 43300 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Angelina Tiah
- Department of Research and Development, CELLAAX Sdn Bhd, Block D & E, No. 3, Jalan Tasik, Mines Wellness City, Seri Kembangan, 43300 Selangor, Malaysia
- Beike 23 Century Laboratory, 23 Century International Life Science Centre, Block D & E, No. 3, Jalan Tasik, Mines Wellness City, Seri Kembangan, 43300 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shuh Wen Aung
- Beike 23 Century Laboratory, 23 Century International Life Science Centre, Block D & E, No. 3, Jalan Tasik, Mines Wellness City, Seri Kembangan, 43300 Selangor, Malaysia
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Zhu R, Yan Q, Wang Y, Wang K. Biological characteristics of γδT cells and application in tumor immunotherapy. Front Genet 2023; 13:1077419. [PMID: 36685942 PMCID: PMC9846053 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1077419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human γδT cells are a special immune cell type which exist in small quantities in the body, do not require processing and presentation for antigen recognition, and have non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted immune response. They play an important role in the body's anti-tumor, anti-infection, immune regulation, immune surveillance and maintenance of immune tolerance. This article reviews the generation and development of human γδT cells, genetic characteristics, classification, recognition and role of antigens, and research progress in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhong Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tai’an Tumor Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Tai’an, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tai’an, China
| | - Yashu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Tai’an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an, China
| | - Keqiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, China,*Correspondence: Keqiang Wang,
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Sahrayi H, Hosseini E, Karimifard S, Khayam N, Meybodi SM, Amiri S, Bourbour M, Farasati Far B, Akbarzadeh I, Bhia M, Hoskins C, Chaiyasut C. Co-Delivery of Letrozole and Cyclophosphamide via Folic Acid-Decorated Nanoniosomes for Breast Cancer Therapy: Synergic Effect, Augmentation of Cytotoxicity, and Apoptosis Gene Expression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:6. [PMID: 35056063 PMCID: PMC8780158 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of cancer mortality in women. In order to increase patient prognosis and survival rates, new technologies are urgently required to deliver therapeutics in a more effective and efficient manner. Niosome nanoparticles have been recently employed as therapeutic platforms capable of loading and carrying drugs within their core for both mono and combination therapy. Here, niosome-based nanoscale carriers were investigated as a targeted delivery system for breast cancer therapy. The platform developed consists of niosomes loaded with letrozole and cyclophosphamide (NLC) and surface-functionalized with a folic-acid-targeting moiety (NLCPFA). Drug release from the formulated particles exhibited pH-sensitive properties in which the niosome showed low and high release in physiological and cancerous conditions, respectively. The results revealed a synergic effect in cytotoxicity by co-loading letrozole and cyclophosphamide with an efficacy increment in NLCPFA use in comparison with NLC. The NLCPFA resulted in the greatest drug internalization compared to the non-targeted formulation and the free drug. Additionally, downregulation of cyclin-D, cyclin-E, MMP-2, and MMP-9 and upregulating the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 genes were observed more prominently in the nanoformulation (particularly for NLCPFA) compared to the free drug. This exciting data indicated that niosome-based nanocarriers containing letrozole and cyclophosphamide with controlled release could be a promising platform for drug delivery with potential in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Sahrayi
- Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 1458889694, Iran
| | - Elham Hosseini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Sara Karimifard
- Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 1458889694, Iran
| | - Nazanin Khayam
- Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 1458889694, Iran
| | | | - Sahar Amiri
- Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 1458889694, Iran
| | - Mahsa Bourbour
- Department of Biotechnology, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993893973, Iran
| | - Bahareh Farasati Far
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 1684613114, Iran
| | - Iman Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 1458889694, Iran
| | - Mohammed Bhia
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1996835113, Iran
| | - Clare Hoskins
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Wubeizi Ointment Suppresses Keloid Formation through Modulation of the mTOR Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3608372. [PMID: 33062677 PMCID: PMC7545458 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3608372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Wubeizi (Rhus chinensis Mill.) ointment has been shown as an effective treatment for keloids. However, the protective mechanisms of Wubeizi ointment are not fully understood. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been demonstrated to be associated with keloid pathogenesis. In the present study, we investigated if Wubeizi ointment suppressed keloid formation through the modulation of key molecules of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway including phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt). Methods A keloid mouse model and human keloid-derived fibroblasts were developed and treated with Galla chinensis. Immunohistochemistry, western blot, and reverse transcription-PCR were used to detect PI3K, PTEN, Akt, and mTOR in keloid tissues and keloid fibroblasts. The apoptosis and proliferation rate of keloid fibroblasts was, respectively, analyzed by flow cytometry according to the MTT assay. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. For two variable comparisons, a two independent samples t-test was used. For multiple variable comparisons, data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by pairwise q-tests. Results Our in vivo and in vitro studies showed that Wubeizi ointment suppressed keloid formation through inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and promotion of fibroblast apoptosis. The underlying basis involves downregulation of p-Akt and p-mTOR as well as upregulation of PTEN. Conclusion These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of Wubeizi ointment for treating keloids.
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Hu G, Zhong K, Wang S, Wang S, Ding Q, Xu F, Chen W, Cheng P, Huang L. Cellular immunotherapy plus chemotherapy ameliorates survival in gastric cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 25:1747-1756. [PMID: 32728865 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of cellular immunotherapy plus chemotherapy in treatment of gastric cancer (GC) remains inconsistent even controversial. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to better comprehend the clinical value of cellular immunotherapy plus chemotherapy for GC patients. We searched PubMed, Embase and EBSCO databases to identify the studies evaluating the association of cellular immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and overall survival (OS) and/or disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with GC, and then combined relevant data into hazard ratios (HRs) for OS, DFS and clinicopathological features such as TNM stage, etc. with STATA 12.0. Eleven studies with 1244 patients were included in this meta-analysis. We found that cellular immunotherapy plus chemotherapy remarkably improved overall survival (OS) and diseases-free survival (DFS) as compared to the chemotherapy for GC patients. In subgroup analyses, pooled data showed that the combined therapy was significantly associated with better 3-year and 5-year survival rate, but not with 1-year survival rate of patients; the application of cellular immunotherapy based on either CIK or DC-CIK cells could enhance survival as well as NK, γδT and CIK cells-based immunotherapy. More importantly, the addition of cellular immunotherapy considerably improved OS and DFS only in patients with stage III rather than stage II. In addition, we also discovered that the combined therapy did not cause intolerable side effects to patients. Cellular immunotherapy plus chemotherapy ameliorates survival in GC, especially in patients with stage III, implicating that it is a valuable therapeutic strategy for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Hu
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 568 Zhongxing Road, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Kefang Zhong
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 568 Zhongxing Road, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songxiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 568 Zhongxing Road, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 568 Zhongxing Road, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiannan Ding
- Medical Research Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 568 Zhongxing Road, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 568 Zhongxing Road, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 568 Zhongxing Road, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pu Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liming Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 568 Zhongxing Road, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.
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Bai R, Chen N, Liang T, Li L, Lv Z, Lv X, Cui J. Novel Frontiers of Treatment for Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer (GC/GEJC): Will Immunotherapy Be a Future Direction? Front Oncol 2020; 10:912. [PMID: 32793461 PMCID: PMC7386300 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the limited progress of chemotherapy and targeted therapy in improving the generally disappointing outcomes of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC), immunotherapies have been gradually developed and advanced into novel frontiers of treatment for advanced GC/GEJC. Nevertheless, the response to immunotherapy was not always satisfactory, and the emergence of resistance was unavoidable. These factors prompt the development of different combination therapies and predictive and prognostic biomarkers of efficacy to improve the outcomes of patients with advanced GC/GEJC and to overcome drug resistance. This article discusses the advances of immune monotherapy, multiple current and ongoing clinical trials of immune combination therapy, immune-related adverse events, and various biomarkers in GC/GEJC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilan Bai
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Naifei Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Lv
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaomin Lv
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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8
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Du H, Yang J, Zhang Y. Cytokine-induced killer cell/dendritic cell combined with cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy for treating advanced gastrointestinal cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:357. [PMID: 32345239 PMCID: PMC7189715 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of cytokine-induced killer (CIK)/dendritic cell combined with CIK (DC–CIK) cell therapy in advanced gastrointestinal cancer (GIC). Methods The PubMed, Cochrane library, and Embase were searched to conduct a meta-analysis of clinical controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CIK/DC–CIK cell therapy in advanced GIC. The pooled risk ratios (RRs) or weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Results A total of nine studies with 1113 patients were identified. The overall survival (RR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.41–2.40, Pheterogeneity = 0.654, I2 = 0%), progression-free survival (RR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.52–2.60, Pheterogeneity = 0.727, I2 = 0%), and quality of life (WMD = 16.09, 95% CI = 1.66–30.52, Pheterogeneity < 0.001, I2 = 98.8%) were significantly improved in patients who received chemotherapy combined with CIK/DC–CIK cells, and no severe adverse events were reported. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggested that the combination of CIK/DC–CIK immunotherapy and chemotherapy was safe and applicable for patients with advanced GIC. It is a feasible choice to prolong survival and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansong Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Yang L, Wang Y, Wang H. Use of immunotherapy in the treatment of gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5681-5690. [PMID: 31788040 PMCID: PMC6865147 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor that negatively impacts human health, which typically presents in the advanced stages of disease in the majority of patients. Despite the development of combination chemotherapy, only a modest survival advantage is gained in patients with GC treated by this method. Recently, cancer immunotherapies have received considerable attention as a viable therapeutic option for GC. Specifically, the immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen rector (CAR)-T cells and tumor vaccines, represent immunotherapies that have exhibited promising effects in the treatment of GC. A number of clinical trials have employed either immuno-oncology monotherapies or combination therapies to improve the overall survival time (OS) and objective response rate (ORR) of patients with GC. The current review presents a summary of the clinical effects of checkpoint inhibitors, including CAR-T and tumor vaccines, in the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhong Yang
- Modern College of Humanities and Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041004, P.R. China.,School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041004, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041004, P.R. China
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Modern College of Humanities and Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041004, P.R. China.,School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041004, P.R. China
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Wang X, Tang S, Cui X, Yang J, Geng C, Chen C, Zhou N, Li Y. Cytokine-induced killer cell/dendritic cell-cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy for the postoperative treatment of gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12230. [PMID: 30200148 PMCID: PMC6133452 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy is emerging as a new treatment strategy for gastric cancer(GC). However, the efficacy and safety of this technique remain unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of cytokine-induced killer cell (CIK)/dendritic cell-cytokine-induced killer cell (DC-CIK) treatment for GC after surgery. METHODS Hazard ratio (HR), overall survival (OS) rates, and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were calculated using a Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) fixed-effects model (FEM), and results were displayed using forest plots. Publication bias was assessed by Begg test, and data were presented using funnel plots. Date robustness was assessed by the trim and fill method. Descriptive analysis was performed on T lymphocytes and adverse effects. RESULTS In total, 9 trials, including 1216 patients, were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, the HR for OS was 0.712 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.594-0.854) and 0.66 (95% CI 0.546-0.797) for overall (DFS). The risk ratio (RR) of the 3 and 5-year OS rate was 1.29 (95% CI 1.15-1.46) and 1.73 (95% CI 1.36-2.19), respectively. The RR for the 3 and 5-year DFS rate 1.40 (95% CI 1.19-1.65) and 2.10 (95% CI1.53-2.87), respectively. The proportion of patients who were CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ increased in the cellular therapy groups. No fatal adverse reactions were noted. CONCLUSION Chemotherapy combined with CIK/DC-CIK therapy after surgery resulted in low HR, and significantly increasing OS rates, DFS rates, and T-lymphocyte responses in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province
- Medicine School of Kunming University, China
| | - Song Tang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province
| | - Xiang Cui
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province
| | - Jinwei Yang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province
| | - Chunyu Geng
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province
| | - Cong Chen
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province
| | - Ning Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province
- The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou
| | - Yumin Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province
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Wang Y, Wang C, Xiao H, Niu C, Wu H, Jin H, Yao C, He H, Tian H, Han F, Li D, Han W, Xu J, Chen J, Cui J, Li W. Adjuvant treatment combining cellular immunotherapy with chemotherapy improves the clinical outcome of patients with stage II/III gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2016; 6:45-53. [PMID: 27790867 PMCID: PMC5269688 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Postsurgical relapse remains a common issue for resectable gastric cancer (GC). Here, we investigated the efficacy and safety of an adjuvant treatment combining chemotherapy with cellular immunotherapy (CIT) using autologous natural killer cells, γδT cells, and cytokine-induced killer cells in the treatment of stage II/III GC. A pilot prospective cohort study was conducted in 169 patients with stage II/III GC who had undergone gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. Patients were assigned into two groups according to the patient choice of treatment, including chemotherapy alone (chemo) or chemotherapy combined with CIT (chemo/CIT). Disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to analyze the impact of chemo/CIT on DFS and OS. Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test was used to compare the clinical outcome between two groups. Three-year DFS rate was 60.6% and 74.7% (P = 0.036) and 3-year OS rate was 64.9% and 83% (P = 0.051) for the chemo and chemo/CIT group, respectively. TNM stage and chemo/CIT were independent prognostic factors for both DFS (for TNM stage, P < 0.001, hazard ratio [HR]: 5.599, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.791-11.232; for chemo/CIT, P = 0.013, HR: 0.478, 95% CI: 0.266-0.858) and OS (for TNM stage, P < 0.001, HR: 6.559, 95% CI: 2.903-14.817; for chemo/CIT, P = 0.04, HR: 0.506, 95% CI: 0.264-0.970). In subgroup analysis, 3-year DFS and OS rates of patients with stage III GC in the chemo/CIT group were significantly higher than those in the chemo group (38.4% vs. 57.1%, P = 0.038; and 45.9% vs. 76%, P = 0.06, respectively), while there was no significant difference between the two groups in patients with stage II GC. Only 15.9% of patients (10/63) in the chemo/CIT group had mild and manageable fever (grades 1 and 2), while no other side effects were observed. The adjuvant treatment combining chemotherapy with cellular immunotherapy is well tolerated and significantly improves the clinical outcome of patients with stage II/III GC, when compared with chemotherapy alone, therefore warrants further attention in treatment for relapsed GC after tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huijie Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haofan Jin
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Yao
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hua He
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fujun Han
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Han
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianting Xu
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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