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Rehman NU, Rafiq K, Avula SK, Gibbons S, Csuk R, Al-Harrasi A. Triterpenoids from Frankincense and Boswellia: A focus on their pharmacology and 13C-NMR assignments. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 229:114297. [PMID: 39401649 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
Here we report for the first time the entire 13C-NMR spectral assignments of 119 (out of 127) triterpenoids from the oleo-gum resins of the medicinally important genus Boswellia, which includes the culturally highly valuable Frankincense species. The complete 13C-NMR resonances of these triterpenoids isolated between 1998 and 2024 and their biological activities are presented. 13C-NMR spectroscopy is a highly powerful tool for the characterization of these bioactive natural products. The compounds are arranged according to their skeletons, i.e., ursane, oleanane, lupane, dammarane, and tirucallane triterpenes. This review will be a future reference for the identification of these compounds, which have key medicinal properties in the areas of cytotoxicity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Kashif Rafiq
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Satya K Avula
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Simon Gibbons
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman.
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2
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Andreani T, Cheng R, Elbadri K, Ferro C, Menezes T, Dos Santos MR, Pereira CM, Santos HA. Natural compounds-based nanomedicines for cancer treatment: Future directions and challenges. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:2845-2916. [PMID: 39003425 PMCID: PMC11385056 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Several efforts have been extensively accomplished for the amelioration of the cancer treatments using different types of new drugs and less invasives therapies in comparison with the traditional therapeutic modalities, which are widely associated with numerous drawbacks, such as drug resistance, non-selectivity and high costs, restraining their clinical response. The application of natural compounds for the prevention and treatment of different cancer cells has attracted significant attention from the pharmaceuticals and scientific communities over the past decades. Although the use of nanotechnology in cancer therapy is still in the preliminary stages, the application of nanotherapeutics has demonstrated to decrease the various limitations related to the use of natural compounds, such as physical/chemical instability, poor aqueous solubility, and low bioavailability. Despite the nanotechnology has emerged as a promise to improve the bioavailability of the natural compounds, there are still limited clinical trials performed for their application with various challenges required for the pre-clinical and clinical trials, such as production at an industrial level, assurance of nanotherapeutics long-term stability, physiological barriers and safety and regulatory issues. This review highlights the most recent advances in the nanocarriers for natural compounds secreted from plants, bacteria, fungi, and marine organisms, as well as their role on cell signaling pathways for anticancer treatments. Additionally, the clinical status and the main challenges regarding the natural compounds loaded in nanocarriers for clinical applications were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Andreani
- Chemistry Research Centre (CIQUP) and Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Inov4Agro, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ruoyu Cheng
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute Groningen (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Khalil Elbadri
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudio Ferro
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.Ulisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Thacilla Menezes
- Chemistry Research Centre (CIQUP) and Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mayara R Dos Santos
- Chemistry Research Centre (CIQUP) and Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Pereira
- Chemistry Research Centre (CIQUP) and Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute Groningen (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Xu JY, Li HQ, Chen JM, Chen FZ. Crystal structure and characterization of monascin from the extracts of Monascus purpureus-fermented rice. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:425-433. [PMID: 39028308 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624006788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a novel solid form of monascin, an azaphilonoid derivative extracted from Monascus purpureus-fermented rice. The crystal structure, C21H26O5, was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and belongs to the orthorhombic space group P212121. To gain insight into the electronic properties of the short contacts in the crystalline state of monascin, we utilized the Experimental Library of Multipolar Atom Model 2 (ELMAM2) database to transfer the electron density of monascin in its crystalline state. Hirshfeld surface analysis, fingerprint analysis, electronic properties and energetic characterization reveal that intermolecular C-H...O hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in the noncovalent bonding interactions by connecting molecules into two- and three-dimensional networks. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) map of the monascin molecule demonstrates that negatively charged regions located at four O atoms are favoured binding sites for more positively charged amino acid residues during molecular recognition. In addition, powder X-ray diffraction confirms that no transformation occurs during the crystallization of monascin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yin Xu
- Mongolian Pharmaceutical Preparation Center, International Mongolian Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010065, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Qing Li
- State Clinical Trial Institution of New Drugs, International Mongolian Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ming Chen
- Department of Natural Chemistry, Greenpure Biopharma Co. Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan 614041, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zheng Chen
- School of New Energy Materials and Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan 614000, People's Republic of China
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4
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Kiss A, Hariri Akbari F, Marchev A, Papp V, Mirmazloum I. The Cytotoxic Properties of Extreme Fungi's Bioactive Components-An Updated Metabolic and Omics Overview. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1623. [PMID: 37629481 PMCID: PMC10455657 DOI: 10.3390/life13081623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are the most diverse living organisms on planet Earth, where their ubiquitous presence in various ecosystems offers vast potential for the research and discovery of new, naturally occurring medicinal products. Concerning human health, cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality. While extensive research is being conducted on treatments and their efficacy in various stages of cancer, finding cytotoxic drugs that target tumor cells with no/less toxicity toward normal tissue is a significant challenge. In addition, traditional cancer treatments continue to suffer from chemical resistance. Fortunately, the cytotoxic properties of several natural products derived from various microorganisms, including fungi, are now well-established. The current review aims to extract and consolidate the findings of various scientific studies that identified fungi-derived bioactive metabolites with antitumor (anticancer) properties. The antitumor secondary metabolites identified from extremophilic and extremotolerant fungi are grouped according to their biological activity and type. It became evident that the significance of these compounds, with their medicinal properties and their potential application in cancer treatment, is tremendous. Furthermore, the utilization of omics tools, analysis, and genome mining technology to identify the novel metabolites for targeted treatments is discussed. Through this review, we tried to accentuate the invaluable importance of fungi grown in extreme environments and the necessity of innovative research in discovering naturally occurring bioactive compounds for the development of novel cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kiss
- Agro-Food Science Techtransfer and Innovation Centre, Faculty for Agro, Food and Environmental Science, Debrecen University, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Farhad Hariri Akbari
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Andrey Marchev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Viktor Papp
- Department of Botany, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Iman Mirmazloum
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
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Liang J, Huang H, Zhang H, Wu Y, Zhuang Y. Preparation of Thin Film Composite (TFC) Membrane with DESPs Interlayer and Its Forward Osmosis (FO) Performance for Organic Solvent Recovery. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:688. [PMID: 37505054 PMCID: PMC10384680 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
To explore the application of forward osmosis (FO) technology in the organic solvent recovery field, we prepared a new solvent-resistant triple layer thin film composite (TFC) membrane on the PI (polyimide) substrate. The deep eutectic supramolecular polymers (DESPs) interlayer was constructed on the substrate to improve the separation performance and solvent resistance. DESPs interlayer was formed by mixing and heating with cyclodextrin as the hydrogen bond acceptor and L-malic acid as the hydrogen bond donor. The chemical changes, surface property and morphology of the composite membrane with DESPs interlayer were characterized. The separation performance and stability of the triple layer composite membrane in organic solvent FO were studied. For the monascorubrin-ethanol system, the permeation flux of TFC/DESPs5-PI membrane could reach 9.51 LMH while the rejection rate of monascorubrin was 98.4% (1.0 M LiCl/ethanol as draw solution), which was better than the pristine membrane. Therefore, this solvent-resistant triple layer composite FO membrane has good potential for the recovery of organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Liang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hansheng Huang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanhui Wu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongbing Zhuang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Rousta N, Aslan M, Yesilcimen Akbas M, Ozcan F, Sar T, Taherzadeh MJ. Effects of fungal based bioactive compounds on human health: Review paper. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7004-7027. [PMID: 36794421 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2178379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the first years of history, microbial fermentation products such as bread, wine, yogurt and vinegar have always been noteworthy regarding their nutritional and health effects. Similarly, mushrooms have been a valuable food product in point of both nutrition and medicine due to their rich chemical components. Alternatively, filamentous fungi, which can be easier to produce, play an active role in the synthesis of some bioactive compounds, which are also important for health, as well as being rich in protein content. Therefore, this review presents some important bioactive compounds (bioactive peptides, chitin/chitosan, β-glucan, gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-carnitine, ergosterol and fructooligosaccharides) synthesized by fungal strains and their health benefits. In addition, potential probiotic- and prebiotic fungi were researched to determine their effects on gut microbiota. The current uses of fungal based bioactive compounds for cancer treatment were also discussed. The use of fungal strains in the food industry, especially to develop innovative food production, has been seen as promising microorganisms in obtaining healthy and nutritious food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rousta
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Melissa Aslan
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ferruh Ozcan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
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Antipova TV, Zhelifonova VP, Zaitsev KV, Vainshtein MB. Fungal Azaphilone Pigments as Promising Natural Colorants. Microbiology (Reading) 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261722601737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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8
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Liang C, Liu L, Bao S, Yao Z, Bai Q, Fu P, Liu X, Zhang JH, Wang G. Neuroprotection by Nrf2 via modulating microglial phenotype and phagocytosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13777. [PMID: 36852060 PMCID: PMC9957781 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated microglia are divided into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functional states. In anti-inflammatory state, activated microglia contribute to phagocytosis, neural repair and anti-inflammation. Nrf2 as a major endogenous regulator in hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has received much attention. This study aims to investigate the mechanism underlying Nrf2-mediated regulation of microglial phenotype and phagocytosis in hematoma clearance after ICH. In vitro experiments, BV-2 cells were assigned to normal group and administration group (Nrf2-siRNA, Nrf2 agonists Monascin and Xuezhikang). In vivo experiments, mice were divided into 5 groups: sham, ICH + vehicle, ICH + Nrf2-/-, ICH + Monascin and ICH + Xuezhikang. In vitro and in vivo, 72 h after administration of Monascin and Xuezhikang, the expression of Nrf2, inflammatory-associated factors such as Trem1, TNF-α and CD80, anti-inflammatory, neural repair and phagocytic associated factors such as Trem2, CD206 and BDNF were analyzed by the Western blot method. In vitro, fluorescent latex beads or erythrocytes were uptaken by BV-2 cells in order to study microglial phagocytic ability. In vivo, hemoglobin levels reflect the hematoma volume. In this study, Nrf2 agonists (Monascin and Xuezhikang) upregulated the expression of Trem2, CD206 and BDNF while decreased the expression of Trem1, TNF-α and CD80 both in vivo and in vitro. At the same time, after Monascin and Xuezhikang treatment, the phagocytic capacity of microglia increased in vitro, neurological deficits improved and hematoma volume lessened in vivo. These results were reversed in the Nrf2-siRNA or the Nrf2-/- mice. All these results indicated that Nrf2 enhanced hematoma clearance and neural repair, improved neurological outcomes through enhancing microglial phagocytosis and alleviating neuroinflammation.
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Key Words
- BDNF, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- CNS, Central nervous system
- DAMPs, Danger-associated molecular patterns
- HO-1,Heme oxygenase-1, Hp,Haptoglobin
- Hematoma clearance
- ICH, Intracerebral hemorrhage
- IFNγ,Interferon-gamma, IL-1β,Interleukin 1β
- Intracerebral hemorrhage
- MMP, Matrix metalloproteasesNF-κB,Nuclear factor-kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells
- Microglial phenotype
- NO, Nitric oxide
- Nrf2
- Nrf2, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PPAR-ɤ, Peroxidase proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- Phagocytosis
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- TNFα, Tumor necrosis factor-α
- Trem1, Triggering receptors I expressed on myeloid cells
- Trem2, Triggering receptors II expressed on myeloid cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntian Liang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China.,People's Hospital of Yaodu District, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Shuangjin Bao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Zhenjia Yao
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Qinqin Bai
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gaiqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China.,Department of Neurology, Sanya Central Hospital (Haian Third People's Hospital), Hainan Medical University, Sanya 572000, China
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Adin SN, Gupta I, Panda BP, Mujeeb M. Monascin and ankaflavin-Biosynthesis from Monascus purpureus, production methods, pharmacological properties: A review. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:137-147. [PMID: 35353924 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Monascus purpureus copiously yields beneficial secondary metabolites , including Monascus pigments, which are broadly used as food additives, as a nitrite substitute in meat products, and as a colorant in the food industry. Monascus yellow pigments (monascin and ankaflavin) have shown potential antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antibiotic, anticancer, and antiobesity activities. Cosmetic and textile industries are other areas where it has established its potential as a dye. This paper reviews the production methods of Monascus yellow pigments, biosynthesis of Monascus pigments from M. purpureus, factors affecting yellow pigment production during fermentation, and the pharmacological properties of monascin and ankaflavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Nashvia Adin
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Isha Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Panda
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Mujeeb
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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10
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Microencapsulation of Monascus red pigments by emulsification/internal gelation with freeze/spray-drying: Process optimization, morphological characteristics, and stability. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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How CW, Ong YS, Low SS, Pandey A, Show PL, Foo JB. How far have we explored fungi to fight cancer? Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:976-989. [PMID: 33737109 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of fungal cultures have been well documented in human history. Although its used in healthcare, like penicillin and statins, have saved countless of lives, but there is still no fungal products that are specifically indicated for cancers. Research into fungal-derived materials to curb cancers in the recent decades have made a considerable progress in terms of drug delivery vehicles, anticancer active ingredients and cancer immunotherapy. Various parts of the organisms have successfully been exploited to achieve specific tasks. Apart from the identification of novel anticancer compound from fungi, its native capsular structure can also be used as drug cargo to achieve higher oral bioavailability. This review summarises the anticancer potential of fungal-derived materials, highlighting the role of capsular polysaccharides, proteins, and other structures in variety of innovative utilities to fit the current pharmaceutical technology. Many bioactive compounds isolated from fungi have also been formulated into nanoparticles to achieve greater anticancer activity. The progress of fungal compounds and their analogues in clinical trials is also highlighted. In addition, the potential of various fungal species to be developed for anticancer immunotherapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Sze Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sze Shin Low
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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12
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Feng SS, Li W, Hu YJ, Feng JX, Deng J. The biological activity and application of Monascus pigments: a mini review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2021-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Monascus pigments (MPs), as secondary metabolites of Monascus, are microbial pigments which have been used for thousands of years. MPs are widely used in food industry as food pigments and preservatives, which have the stability of light resistance, high temperature resistance and acid-base change resistance. In addition, the antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-tumor biological activities of MPs have also attracted people’s attention. Moreover, Due to the presence of citrinin, the safety of MPs still needs to be discussed and explored. In this paper, the production, biological activity, application in various fields and methods of detection and reduction of citrinin of MPs were reviewed, which provide new insights into the study and safe application related to human different diseases, medicines or health care products with MPs as active substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Feng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization , National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing , College of Food Science and Engineering , Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha , China
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry , Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou , China
| | - Wen Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization , National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing , College of Food Science and Engineering , Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha , China
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry , Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou , China
| | - Yong-Jun Hu
- Department of Ultrasound , Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan 410002 , China
| | - Jian-Xiang Feng
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry , Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou , China
| | - Jing Deng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization , National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing , College of Food Science and Engineering , Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha , China
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry , Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou , China
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13
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Effect of arginine supplementation on Monacolin K yield of Monascus purpureus. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Srianta I, Kusdiyantini E, Zubaidah E, Ristiarini S, Nugerahani I, Alvin A, Iswanto N, Zhang BB. Utilization of agro-industrial by-products in Monascus fermentation: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:129. [PMID: 38650194 PMCID: PMC10992953 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Monascus fermentation industry has gained global attention. Its key products, i.e., pigments, functional food ingredients, food supplements, and medicinal use, are growing in the world's market. Efforts to find the cost-effective substrate for Monascus fermentation have remained the target. This paper aimed to appraise the utilization of agro-industrial by-products (cereal, starchy tuber and root, legume, fruit, and coffee processing) as a cost-effective substrate for Monascus fermentation. The specific objective was to review the by-products pre-treatment, the fermentation process, product yield, and the bioactivity of the fermented products. Among all the by-products that could be used as the fermentation substrate, cereal brans do not need pre-treatment, but others need a suitable pre-treatment step, e.g., cassava peel, okara, and jackfruit seed to list a few, that need to be powdered beforehand. Other substrates, such as corn cob and durian seed, need soaking and size reduction through the pre-treatment step. During fermentation, Monascus produce many pigments, monacolin K, associated with rise in phenolic and flavonoid contents. These products possess antioxidant, antihypercholesterol, antidiabetes, and antiatherosclerosis activities which underpin their health significance. In conclusion, we report in this review the agro-industrial by-products which have potential prospects for pigments, functional food ingredients, food supplements, and therapeutic usages produced from Monascus fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatius Srianta
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Jalan Dinoyo 42-44, Surabaya, 60265, Indonesia.
| | - Endang Kusdiyantini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematic, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Elok Zubaidah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Jalan Veteran, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Susana Ristiarini
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Jalan Dinoyo 42-44, Surabaya, 60265, Indonesia
| | - Ira Nugerahani
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Jalan Dinoyo 42-44, Surabaya, 60265, Indonesia
| | - Andreas Alvin
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Jalan Dinoyo 42-44, Surabaya, 60265, Indonesia
| | - Nathania Iswanto
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Jalan Dinoyo 42-44, Surabaya, 60265, Indonesia
| | - Bo-Bo Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, 515063, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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15
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Wu HC, Chen YF, Cheng MJ, Wu MD, Chen YL, Chang HS. Investigations into Chemical Components from Monascus purpureus with Photoprotective and Anti-Melanogenic Activities. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:619. [PMID: 34436158 PMCID: PMC8396976 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monascus species are asexually or sexually reproduced homothallic fungi that can produce a red colorant, specifically the so-called red yeast rice or Anka, which is used as a food ingredient in Asia. Traditional experiences of using Monascus for treating indigestion, enhancing blood circulation, and health remedies motivate us to investigate and repurpose Monascus-fermented products. Here, two new 5H-cyclopenta[c]pyridine type azaphilones, 5S,6S-monaspurpyridine A (1) and 5R,6R-monaspurpyridine A (2), two new xanthonoids, monasxanthones A and B (3 and 4), one new naphthalenone, monasnaphthalenone (5), and one new azaphilone, monapurpurin (6), along with two known compounds were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of a citrinin-free domesticated strain M. purpureus BCRC 38110. The phytochemical properties of the xanthonoid and naphthalenone components were first identified from Monascus sp. differently from the representative ingredients of polyketide-derived azaphilones. UVB-induced cell viability loss and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction in human keratinocytes were attenuated by monascuspirolide B (7) and ergosterol peroxide (8), indicating their photoprotective potentials. Ergosterol peroxide (8) decreased the melanin contents and tyrosinase activities of mouse melanocytes, depending on the concentration, suggesting their anti-melanogenic effects. In conclusion, six new and two known compounds were isolated from M. purpureus BCRC 38110, and two of them exhibited dermal protective activities. The results revealed the novel potential of M. purpureus for developing natural cosmeceutics against skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Cheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-C.W.); (Y.-F.C.)
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Fung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-C.W.); (Y.-F.C.)
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Cheng
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute (FIRDI), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (M.-J.C.); (M.-D.W.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Ming-Der Wu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute (FIRDI), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (M.-J.C.); (M.-D.W.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute (FIRDI), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (M.-J.C.); (M.-D.W.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Hsun-Shuo Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-C.W.); (Y.-F.C.)
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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16
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Shaaban M, Magdy El-Metwally M, Mekawey AAI, Abdelwahab AB, Soltan MM. Monascin and monascinol, azaphilonoid pigments from Mortierella polycephala AM1: in silico and in vitro targeting of the angiogenic VEGFR2 kinase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 77:11-19. [PMID: 34265877 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The fungus, Mortierella polycephala is one of the most productive sources of anticancer bioactive compounds namely those of pigment nature. During our investigation of the produced bioactive metabolites by the terrestrial M. polycephala AM1 isolated from Egyptian poultry feather waste, two main azaphilonoid pigments, monascin (1) and monascinol (2) were obtained as major products; their structures were identified by 1D (1H&13C) and 2D (1H-1H COSY, HMBC) NMR and HRESI-MS spectroscopic data. Biologically, cytotoxic activities of these compounds were broadly studied compared with the fungal extract. To predict the biological target for the presumed antitumor activity, an in silico study was run toward three proteins, topoisomerase IIα, topoisomerase IIβ, and VEGFR2 kinase. Monascinol (2) was expected to be moderately active against VEGFR2 kinase without any anticipated inhibition toward topo II isoforms. The in vitro study confirmed the docked investigation consistently and introduced monascinol (2) rather than its counterpart (1) as a potent inhibitor to the tested VEGFR2 kinase. Taxonomically, the fungus was identified using morphological and genetic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Shaaban
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, El-Behoos St. 33, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Amal A I Mekawey
- Fungal Identification Unit, The Regional Center of Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Abdelwahab
- Plant Advanced Technologies, 19 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Maha M Soltan
- Biology Unit, Central Laboratory for Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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17
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Liu Q, Zhong S, Wang X, Gao S, Yang X, Chen F, Molnár I. An Integrated Approach to Determine the Boundaries of the Azaphilone Pigment Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of Monascus ruber M7 Grown on Potato Dextrose Agar. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:680629. [PMID: 34220766 PMCID: PMC8241920 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.680629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monascus-type azaphilone pigments (MonAzPs) are produced in multi-thousand ton quantities each year and used as food colorants and nutraceuticals in East Asia. Several groups, including ours, described MonAzPs biosynthesis as a highly complex pathway with many branch points, affording more than 110 MonAzP congeners in a small group of fungi in the Eurotiales order. MonAzPs biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are also very complex and mosaic-like, with some genes involved in more than one pathway, while other genes playing no apparent role in MonAzPs production. Due to this complexity, MonAzPs BGCs have been delimited differently in various fungi. Since most of these predictions rely primarily on bioinformatic analyses, it is possible that genes immediately outside the currently predicted BGC borders are also involved, especially those whose function cannot be predicted from sequence similarities alone. Conversely, some peripheral genes presumed to be part of the BGC may in fact lay outside the boundaries. This study uses a combination of computational and transcriptional analyses to predict the extent of the MonAzPs BGC in Monascus ruber M7. Gene knockouts and analysis of MonAzPs production of the mutants are then used to validate the prediction, revealing that the BGC consists of 16 genes, extending from mrpigA to mrpigP. We further predict that two strains of Talaromyces marneffei, ATCC 18224 and PM1, encode an orthologous but non-syntenic MonAzPs BGC with 14 genes. This work highlights the need to use comprehensive, integrated approaches for the more precise determination of secondary metabolite BGC boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpei Liu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.,Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Siyu Zhong
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuaibiao Gao
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - István Molnár
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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18
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Husakova M, Plechata M, Branska B, Patakova P. Effect of a Monascus sp. Red Yeast Rice Extract on Germination of Bacterial Spores. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:686100. [PMID: 34108955 PMCID: PMC8180847 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.686100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pink-red color of traditional sausages (cured meat) is the result of nitrite addition and the formation of nitrosomyoglobin. However, the pleasant color of processed meat products is a side effect of nitrite addition while the main anticipated goal is to suppress the germination of clostridial spores. The fungus Monascus is known as a producer of oligoketide pigments, which are used in Asian countries, especially in China, for coloring foods, including meat products. Although, different biological activities of Monascus pigments have been tested and confirmed in many studies, their effect on germination of bacterial spores has never been investigated. This study is focused on testing the activity of red yeast rice (RYR) extract, containing monascin, rubropunctatin, rubropunctamine complexes and monascuspiloin as the main pigments, on germination of Clostridium and Bacillus spores. It was found that addition of nitrite alone, at the permitted concentration, had no effect on spore germination. However, the combined effects of nitrite with NaCl, tested after addition of pickling salt, was efficient in inhibiting the germination of C. beijerinckii spores but had no effect on B. subtilis spores. In contrast, total suppression of C. beijerinckii spore germination was reached after addition of RYR extract to the medium at a concentration of 2% v/v. For B. subtilis, total inhibition of spore germination was observed only after addition of 4% v/v RYR extract to the medium containing 1.3% w/w NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Husakova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michaela Plechata
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbora Branska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Patakova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
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19
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Kitagaki H. Medical Application of Substances Derived from Non-Pathogenic Fungi Aspergillus oryzae and A. luchuensis-Containing Koji. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:243. [PMID: 33804991 PMCID: PMC8063943 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most fungi cause pathogenicity toward human beings, dynasties of the East Asian region have domesticated and utilized specific fungi for medical applications. The Japanese dynasty and nation have domesticated and utilized koji fermented with non-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus oryzae for more than 1300 years. Recent research has elucidated that koji contains medicinal substances such as Taka-diastase, acid protease, koji glycosylceramide, kojic acid, oligosaccharides, ethyl-α-d-glucoside, ferulic acid, ergothioneine, pyroglutamyl leucine, pyranonigrin A, resistant proteins, deferriferrichrysin, polyamines, Bifidobacterium-stimulating peptides, angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor peptides, 14-dehydroergosterol, beta-glucan, biotin, and citric acid. This review introduces potential medical applications of such medicinal substances to hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and cognitive diseases, chronic inflammation, epidermal permeability barrier disruption, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kitagaki
- Graduate School of Advanced Health Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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20
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Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Current Research, Commercial Aspects, and Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Lin L, Xu J. Fungal Pigments and Their Roles Associated with Human Health. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E280. [PMID: 33198121 PMCID: PMC7711509 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi can produce myriad secondary metabolites, including pigments. Some of these pigments play a positive role in human welfare while others are detrimental. This paper reviews the types and biosynthesis of fungal pigments, their relevance to human health, including their interactions with host immunity, and recent progresses in their structure-activity relationships. Fungal pigments are grouped into carotenoids, melanin, polyketides, and azaphilones, etc. These pigments are phylogenetically broadly distributed. While the biosynthetic pathways for some fungal pigments are known, the majority remain to be elucidated. Understanding the genes and metabolic pathways involved in fungal pigment synthesis is essential to genetically manipulate the production of both the types and quantities of specific pigments. A variety of fungal pigments have shown wide-spectrum biological activities, including promising pharmacophores/lead molecules to be developed into health-promoting drugs to treat cancers, cardiovascular disorders, infectious diseases, Alzheimer's diseases, and so on. In addition, the mechanistic elucidation of the interaction of fungal pigments with the host immune system provides valuable clues for fighting fungal infections. The great potential of fungal pigments have opened the avenues for academia and industries ranging from fundamental biology to pharmaceutical development, shedding light on our endeavors for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Department of Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases (MOE), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China;
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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22
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Zhang X, Liu C, Tian W, Zhang H, Li P, Wang J, He W. Theoretical and experimental investigation of the antioxidative activity of monascin. Food Funct 2020; 11:5915-5923. [PMID: 32584351 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02410g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monascin, a specific type of monascus pigments, exhibits many bioactivities. In this study, the antioxidative activity of monascin was investigated by theoretical and experimental methods. First, the antioxidant potential of six monascus pigments was predicted by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) at the B3LYP/6-31+G (d, p) level, and monascus yellow pigments were predicted to have strong antioxidant capacity, as they can transfer hydrogen to free radicals and accept electrons from radicals. Then, the free radical-scavenging capacity of monascin for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals was experimentally validated by electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement. Monascin exhibited a quenching effect on DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, the scavenging activity of monascin for DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals was 97.5%, 59.5%, and 68.6%, respectively, when 0.1 mg mL-1 monascin was present. Our study provides theoretical evidence for the strong antioxidative activity of monascin and offers a simple and reliable strategy to determine the antioxidative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Food and Bioengineering College, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, P. R. China.
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23
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Fu P, Liu J, Bai Q, Sun X, Yao Z, Liu L, Wu C, Wang G. Long-term outcomes of monascin - a novel dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor-2 agonist in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2020; 13:1756286420921083. [PMID: 32477427 PMCID: PMC7232052 DOI: 10.1177/1756286420921083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hematoma is the chief culprit in brain injury following intracranial cerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Noninvasive hematoma clearance could be an option to prevent and alleviate early brain injury after ICH. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) facilitate removal of hematoma in ICH. Monascin acts as the natural Nrf2 activator with PPAR-γ agonist, and the long-term effects of monascin following ICH have not been elucidated. Methods ICH in rats was induced by stereotactic, intrastriatal injection of type IV collagenase. Monascin was administered twice daily by gastric perfusion for 14 days after ICH induction. Long-term neurological scores (T maze, Garcia scales, rotor rod test, and Morris water maze), hematoma volume, as well as iron overload around hematoma and brain atrophy were evaluated at 7, 14, and 28 days after ICH. Results The results showed that monascin improved long-term neurological deficits, spatial memory performance, learning ability, and brain shrinkage after ICH. Monascin also reduced hematoma volume at 7 days and iron content at 7 and 14 days after ICH. Conclusion PPAR γ and Nrf2 play a crucial role in hematoma clearance after ICH in rat. As a dual agonist of PPAR γ and Nrf2, monascin improved long-term outcomes by facilitating hematoma clearance, and by attenuating iron overload and brain atrophy after experimental ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Fu
- Department of Neurology, Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 187 Guanlan St., 518110, China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinqin Bai
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xingang Sun
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhenjia Yao
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Cuimei Wu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Gaiqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, SanYa Central Hospital (The Third People's Hospital of HaiNan Province), 146 Jiefang forth Rd, SanYa, HaiNan, 372000, China
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24
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Lagashetti AC, Dufossé L, Singh SK, Singh PN. Fungal Pigments and Their Prospects in Different Industries. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E604. [PMID: 31766735 PMCID: PMC6955906 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The public's demand for natural, eco-friendly, and safe pigments is significantly increasing in the current era. Natural pigments, especially fungal pigments, are receiving more attention and seem to be in high demand worldwide. The immense advantages of fungal pigments over other natural or synthetic pigments have opened new avenues in the market for a wide range of applications in different industries. In addition to coloring properties, other beneficial attributes of fungal pigments, such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity, have expanded their use in different sectors. This review deals with the study of fungal pigments and their applications and sheds light on future prospects and challenges in the field of fungal pigments. Furthermore, the possible application of fungal pigments in the textile industry is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay C. Lagashetti
- Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), MACS’ Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India; (A.C.L.); (P.N.S.)
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels & ESIROI Agroalimentaire, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, F-97744 Saint-Denis CEDEX, France
| | - Sanjay K. Singh
- Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), MACS’ Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India; (A.C.L.); (P.N.S.)
| | - Paras N. Singh
- Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), MACS’ Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India; (A.C.L.); (P.N.S.)
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25
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Genetic Modification of mfsT Gene Stimulating the Putative Penicillin Production in Monascus ruber M7 and Exhibiting the Sensitivity towards Precursor Amino Acids of Penicillin Pathway. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100390. [PMID: 31554331 PMCID: PMC6843564 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of penicillin G (PG) is compartmentalized, which forces penicillin and its intermediates to cross the membrane barriers. Although many aspects around the penicillin intermediates traffic system remain unclosed, the transmembrane transporter protein involvement has been only predicted. In the present work, detection of PG and isopenicillin N (IPN) in Monascus ruber M7 was performed and functions of mfst gene as a transporter were investigated by the combination of gene deletion (Δmfst) complementation (ΔmfsT::mfsT) and overexpression (M7::PtrpC-mfsT). While, the feeding of PG pathway precursor side chain and amino acids, i.e., phenylacetic acid, D-valine, and L-cysteine was performed for the interpretation of mfsT gene role as an intermediate transporter. The results showed that, the feeding of phenylacetic acid, D-valine, and L-cysteine possessed a significant effect on morphologies, secondary metabolites (SMs) production of all above-mentioned strains including M. ruber M7. The results of UPLC-MS/MS revealed that, ΔmfsT interrupt the penicillin G (PG) production in M. ruber M7 by blocking the IPN transportation, while PG and IPN produced by the ΔmfsT::mfsT have been recovered the similar levels to those of M. ruber M7. Conclusively, these findings suggest that the M. ruber M7 is, not only a PG producer, but also, indicate that the mfsT gene is supposed to play a key role in IPN intermediate compound transportation during the PG production in M. ruber M7.
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26
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Nagabhishek SN, Madankumar A. A novel apoptosis-inducing metabolite isolated from marine sponge symbiont Monascus sp. NMK7 attenuates cell proliferation, migration and ROS stress-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5878-5890. [PMID: 35517301 PMCID: PMC9060890 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09886g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine environment has a remarkable source of natural products mainly from marine fungi, which have been a central source of novel pharmacologically bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, the search for a new potential apoptosis-inducing metabolite is focused on marine sponge-associated symbionts. A total of sixteen different sponges were obtained from the Gulf of Mannar region, India, and twenty-three different marine fungal strains were isolated and tested for antiproliferative activity by the MTT assay. Out of these, Monascus sp. NMK7 associated with the marine sponge Clathria frondifera was found to have a promising antiproliferative property. Furthermore, to isolate the pure active metabolite, the crude material was subjected to column chromatography and HPLC. Structural characterization was conducted by a variety of spectroscopic techniques including UV, IR, MS and NMR. The obtained results from the MS and NMR spectroscopy determined 418.5 Da to be the molecular weight and C24H34O6 to be the molecular formula of the metabolite, indicating the presence of monacolin X (NMKD7). NMKD7 was found to induce dose-dependent cytotoxicity in different human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and MCF-10A normal breast cell after 24 h of exposure. For elucidating the possible mode of cell death, T47D and MDA-MB-468 cells were treated with NMKD7 for 24 h to examine the morphological change of the chromatin (PI & AO/EB). Therefore, it has been suggested as the possible mechanism of apoptosis, and apart from this, it has also exhibited antibacterial and anti-migratory properties as well as induced the ROS stress (DCFH-DA), which causes the mitochondrial membrane potential difference (Rhodamine-123), the loss of cell membrane integrity and eventually cell death. Thus, the present study features a novel promising apoptosis-inducing metabolite (NMKD7) with minimal toxicity, suggesting its potential for biotechnological applications, and substantiates that it should be further considered for the elucidation of molecular targets and signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirpu Natesh Nagabhishek
- Cancer Biology Lab, Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai-600119 Tamil Nadu India +919942110146
| | - Arumugam Madankumar
- Cancer Biology Lab, Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai-600119 Tamil Nadu India +919942110146
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Liu J, Guo T, Luo Y, Chai X, Wu J, Zhao W, Jiao P, Luo F, Lin Q. Enhancement of Monascus pigment productivity via a simultaneous fermentation process and separation system using immobilized-cell fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 272:552-560. [PMID: 30396112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A mutant Monascus purpureus strain, M183, which produced monascus pigments (MPs) at 8460 U/g via solid-state batch-fermentation, was generated using the atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutation system. The optimal glucose concentration (80 g/L) in traditional fermentation media that yielded the highest MPs productivity was determined. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to maximize MPs production using liquid-state batch-fermentation. Under optimal conditions (0.58 g/L MgSO4·7H2O, 0.02 g/L ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.02 g/L FeSO4·7H2O and 4.85 g/L NH4NO3), 207.67 U/mL of MPs were produced with 98.12% validity based on the predicted value. Extracellular MPs production increased significantly to 35.52 U/mL, compared to 14.19 U/mL of the original strain, M. purpureus LQ-6. M. purpureus spores immobilized in sodium alginate were studied. A simultaneous fermentation and separation system was established for MPs using the novel absorption resin LX300C to enhance production efficiency of extracellular MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Yunchuan Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Xueying Chai
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Jingyan Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Pengfei Jiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, No. 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan 473061, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China.
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Tan H, Xing Z, Chen G, Tian X, Wu Z. Evaluating Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities of Yellow Monascus Pigments from Monascus ruber Fermentation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123242. [PMID: 30544614 PMCID: PMC6321613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow Monascus pigments can be of two kinds: Natural and reduced, in which natural yellow Monascus pigments (NYMPs) attract widespread attention for their bioactivities. In this study, the antioxidative and antibreast cancer effects of the water-soluble NYMPs fermented by Monascus ruber CGMCC 10910 were evaluated. Results showed that water-soluble NYMPs had a significantly improved antioxidative activities compared to the reduced yellow Monascus pigments (RYMPs) that were chemically derived from orange or red Monascus pigments. Furthermore, NYMPs exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition activity on MCF-7 cell growth (p < 0.001). After a 48-h incubation, a 26.52% inhibition yield was determined with 32 μg/mL of NYMPs. NYMPs also significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells. Mechanisms of the activities were associated with a down-regulation of the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor. Rather than being alternatively used as natural colorants or antioxidants, this work suggested that NYMPs could be selected as potential functional additives in further test of breast cancer prevention and adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Tan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Pan Asia (Jiangmen) Institute of Biological Engineering and Health, Jiangmen 529080, China.
| | - Ziyi Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Gong Chen
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Xiaofei Tian
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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El-Far SW, Helmy MW, Khattab SN, Bekhit AA, Hussein AA, Elzoghby AO. Folate conjugated vs PEGylated phytosomal casein nanocarriers for codelivery of fungal- and herbal-derived anticancer drugs. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1463-1480. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Monascin and ankaflavin, the major fractions of the fungal-derived monascus yellow pigments, were incorporated with the herbal drug, resveratrol (RSV) within the core of folate-conjugated casein micelles (FA–CAS MCs, F1) for active targeting. PEGylated RSV-phospholipid complex bilayer enveloping casein-loaded micelles (PEGPC–CAS MCs) were also developed as passive-targeted nanosystem. Results: FA– and PEGPC–CAS MCs demonstrated a proper size with monomodal distribution, sustained drug release profiles and good hemocompatibility. The coloaded MCs showed superior cytotoxicity to MCF-7 breast cancer cells compared with free drugs. Both nanosystems exerted excellent in vivo antitumor efficacy in breast cancer bearing mice with PEGylated MCs showing comparable tumor regression to folate-conjugated MCs. Conclusion: Evergreen nanoplatforms coloaded with monascus yellow pigments and RSV were effective for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa W El-Far
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | - Sherine N Khattab
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Adnan A Bekhit
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Allied Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, PO Box 32038, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Liang B, Du X, Li P, Sun C, Wang S. MptriA, an Acetyltransferase Gene Involved in Pigment Biosynthesis in M. purpureus YY-1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4129-4138. [PMID: 29633617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Monascus pigments (Mps) have been used as food colorants for several centuries in Asian countries. MptriA is a putative acetyltransferase gene involved in the MPs biosynthesis. To analyze the function of MptriA, an MptriA disruption strain (Δ MptriA) and a complementation strain (Δ MptriA:: MptriA) were successfully obtained In addition to the loss of color, the disruption of MptriA had little effect on the phenotypes during growth on four different media. The Δ MptriA strain showed decreased pigment and citrinin production during the liquid-fermentation process. Transcriptional analysis showed that the expression of several genes involved in the synthesis of pigments and citrinin was down-regulated in Δ MptriA. These results demonstrated that the role of MptriA was to transfer an acyl group to the pyranoquinone structure of the polyketide chromophore during Monascus pigment biosynthesis and to influence the citrinin biosynthesis pathway. This study contributes to the exploration of pigment biosynthesis in M. purpureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science & Technology) , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Xinjun Du
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science & Technology) , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science & Technology) , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Chanchan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science & Technology) , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science & Technology) , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300457 , China
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Orak T, Caglar O, Ortucu S, Ozkan H, Taskin M. Chicken feather peptone: A new alternative nitrogen source for pigment production by Monascus purpureus. J Biotechnol 2018; 271:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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El-Far SW, Helmy MW, Khattab SN, Bekhit AA, Hussein AA, Elzoghby AO. Phytosomal bilayer-enveloped casein micelles for codelivery of monascus yellow pigments and resveratrol to breast cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:481-499. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Multireservoir nanocarriers were fabricated for delivering antineoplastic drug cocktail from herbal and fungal origin. Monascus yellow pigments (MYPs), monascin and ankaflavin, were isolated from red-mold rice, and incorporated within casein micelles (CAS MCs) along with the herbal drug, resveratrol (RSV). Both drugs (MYPs and RSV) were simultaneously incorporated into the hydrophobic core of CAS MCs. Alternatively, MYPs-loaded CAS MCs were enveloped within RSV-phytosomal bilayer elaborating multireservoir nanocarriers. Results: Cytotoxicity studies confirmed the superiority of multireservoir nanocarriers against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The in vivo antitumor efficacy was revealed by reduction of the tumor volume and growth biomarkers. Conclusion: Multireservoir CAS nanocarriers for codelivery of both MYPs and RSV may be promising alternative to traditional breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa W El-Far
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Sherine N Khattab
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Adnan A Bekhit
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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Beneficial Effects of Monascus sp. KCCM 10093 Pigments and Derivatives: A Mini Review. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010098. [PMID: 29301350 PMCID: PMC6017178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of Monascus pigments and related byproducts, via microbial fermentation, has been broadly utilized as coloring by traditional food industries and as a natural textile dye. In addition to these traditional purposes, Monascus pigments have been recently favored for a variety of commercial and academic purposes. Pigments and derivatives formed during Monascus fermentation have pharmaceutical and clinical properties that can counteract common diseases, including obesity, type-2 diabetes, and cancer. Various research attempts have investigated the optimum conditions for this derived compound synthesis, as well as the still-unknown bio-functional effects. Recently, several studies were conducted using Monascus sp. KCCM 10093 and its derivatives. These experimental outcomes potentially reflect the bio-functional features of Monascus sp. KCCM 10093. However, no publication to date provides an overview of Monascus sp. KCCM 10093's unique metabolite products, functionalities, or biological pathways. In order to develop profitable commercial applications of Monascus sp. KCCM 10093, it is necessary not only to conduct continuous research, but also to systematically organize previous Monascus studies. The goals of this review are to investigate the current derivatives of Monascus sp. KCCM 10093 pigments-some of which have demonstrated newly-identified functionality-and the relevant uses of these molecules for pharmaceutical or nutraceutical purposes.
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The molecular mechanisms of Monascus purpureus M9 responses to blue light based on the transcriptome analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5537. [PMID: 28717254 PMCID: PMC5514072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is an important environmental factor that regulates various physiological processes of fungi. To thoroughly study the responses of Monascus to blue light, transcriptome sequencing was performed on mRNAs isolated from samples of Monascus purpureus M9 cultured under three conditions: darkness (D); exposure to blue light for 15 min/d (B15); and exposure to blue light for 60 min/d over 8 days (B60). The number of differentially expressed genes between the three pairs of samples-B15 vs D, B60 vs B15, and B60 vs D-was 1167, 1172, and 220, respectively. KEGG analysis showed the genes involved in primary metabolism including carbon and nitrogen metabolism were downregulated by B15 light treatment, whereas B15 upregulated expression of genes involved with aromatic amino acid metabolism, which associated with development, and branched chain amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid degradation, which can produce the biosynthetic precursors of pigments. When exposed to B60 conditions, genes with roles in carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis were upregulated as part of a stress response to blue light. Based on this study, we propose a predicted light-stimulated signal transduction pathway in Monascus. Our work is the first comprehensive investigation concerning the mechanism of Monascus responses to blue light.
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Shi K, Tang R, Huang T, Wang L, Wu Z. Pigment fingerprint profile during extractive fermentation with Monascus anka GIM 3.592. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:46. [PMID: 28545553 PMCID: PMC5445263 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional submerged fermentation mainly accumulates intracellular orange pigments with absorption maxima at 470 nm, whereas extractive fermentation of Monascus spp. with Triton X-100 can promote the export of intracellular pigments to extracellular broth, mainly obtaining extracellular yellow pigments with absorption maxima at approximately 410 nm. In this study, a strain of Monascus (M. anka GIM 3.592) that produces high yields of pigments was employed to investigate the differences in pigment fingerprint profiles between submerged and extractive fermentations. RESULTS Using extractive fermentation with this high-yield strain, the extracellular pigments exhibited an absorption maximum at 430 nm, not 410 nm, as previously observed. By comparing the pigment fingerprint profiles between submerged and extractive fermentations, extractive fermentation was found to not only export intracellular pigments to the extracellular broth, but also to form four other yellow pigments (Y1-Y4) that accounted for a large proportion of the extracellular pigments and that were not produced in submerged fermentation. The yields of Y1-Y4 were closely related to the concentration and feeding time point of Triton X-100. Y1-Y4 presented identical UV-Vis spectra with absorption maxima at 430 nm and fluorescence spectra with absorption maxima (emission) at 565 nm. HPLC-MS and the spectral analysis showed that the four pigments (Y1-Y4) had not been previously reported. The results indicated that these pigments may rely on the bioconversion of orange pigments (rubropunctatin and monascorubrin). CONCLUSIONS Using extractive fermentation with M. anka led to a high yield of extracellular yellow pigments (AU410 nm = 114), and the pigment fingerprint profile significantly differed compared to the results of traditional submerged fermentation. These results provide information and a detailed view of the composition and variation of pigments in extractive fermentation and could also contribute to characterizing pigment metabolism during extractive fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Shi
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Tang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Xu B, Wang Q, Sung C. Telomerase Inhibitory Effects of Red Pigment Rubropunctatin and Statin Monacolin L Isolated from Red Yeast Rice. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8050129. [PMID: 28445391 PMCID: PMC5448003 DOI: 10.3390/genes8050129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the cholesterol-lowering activity of red yeast rice (RYR), its anticancer activities have been frequently reported. However, the mechanism of action of the anticancer activity of RYR is not yet fully understood. The objective of the current study was to elucidate anticancer compositions and anticancer mechanism of actions of RYR. The isolated compounds from RYR were subjected to anti-proliferation assay, apoptosis assay via flow cytometry, and telomerase inhibitory assay via telomeric repeat amplification protocol-PCR (TRAP-PCR) assay, and Western blotting assay in an in vitro cell culture system. The results showed that a statin, monacolin L, and a red pigment, rubropunctatin, from RYR exhibited very strong cancer cell proliferation inhibitory effects; the rubropunctatin was comparable with anticancer drug cis-platinum, taxol, and 10-hydroxy-camptothecin (HCPT) in their IC50 values. Monacolin L and rubropunctatin exerted their anticancer activity via telomerase inhibitory effects. Monacolin L and rubropunctatin presented the similar telomerase inhibitory effects as the anticancer drug cis-platinum, while the anticancer drug HCPT presented a weak telomerase inhibitory effect in the TRAP-PCR assay. Meanwhile, rubropunctatin and cis-platinum did not present strong apoptosis induction activity as the momacolin L and HCPT did. These results indicate that the RYR may exert anticancer effects through the telomerase inhibitory effect of rubropunctatin and the apoptosis-induction effect of monacolin L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519085, China.
| | - Qijun Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Changkeun Sung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Taejon 305-764, Korea.
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Gan RY, Li HB, Gunaratne A, Sui ZQ, Corke H. Effects of Fermented Edible Seeds and Their Products on Human Health: Bioactive Components and Bioactivities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:489-531. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-You Gan
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ.; Shanghai 200240 China
- School of Biological Sciences; The Univ. of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health; Sun Yat-sen Univ.; Guangzhou 510080 China
| | - Anil Gunaratne
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences; Sabaragamuwa Univ. of Sri Lanka; P.O. Box 02 Belihuloya Sri Lanka
| | - Zhong-Quan Sui
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ.; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Harold Corke
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ.; Shanghai 200240 China
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Chang WT, Chuang CH, Lee WJ, Huang CS. Extract of Monascus purpureus CWT715 Fermented from Sorghum Liquor Biowaste Inhibits Migration and Invasion of SK-Hep-1 Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121691. [PMID: 27941649 PMCID: PMC6272986 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the most endemic cancer in a large region of the world. This study investigated the anti-metastatic effects of an extract of Monascus purpureus CWT715 (MP) fermented from sorghum liquor biowaste and its mechanisms of action in highly metastatic human hepatocarcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells. Kinmen sorghum liquor waste was used as the primary nutrient source to produce metabolites (including pigments) of MP. In the presence of 10 µg/mL MP-fermented broth (MFB), the anti-invasive activity increased with increasing fermentation time reaching a maximum at six days of fermentation. Interestingly, MFB also produced maximal pigment content at six days. Treatment for 24 h with MFB (10–100 µg/mL) obtained from fermentation for six days significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion, and these effects were concentration-dependent. MFB also significantly enhanced nm23-H1 protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner, which was highly correlated with migration and invasion. These results suggest that MFB has significant anti-migration and anti-invasion activities and that these effects are associated with the induction of nm23-H1 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Teish Chang
- Department of Food Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Penghu Hsien 88046, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hung Chuang
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, 1018 Sec. 6 Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 43302, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Ju Lee
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Shiu Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Shi YC, Pan TM, Liao VHC. Monascin from Monascus-Fermented Products Reduces Oxidative Stress and Amyloid-β Toxicity via DAF-16/FOXO in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7114-7120. [PMID: 27554775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced oxidative stress and toxicity are leading risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Monascin (MS) is a novel compound proposed for antioxidative stress applications and is derived from an edible fungus secondary metabolite. This study assessed the effects of MS on oxidative stress, paralysis, Aβ accumulation, and lifespan in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and investigated its underlying mechanisms of action. The results showed that MS increased the survival of C. elegans under juglone-induced oxidative stress and attenuated endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, MS induced a decline in Aβ-induced paralysis phenotype and Aβ deposits in the transgenic strains CL4176 and CL2006 of C. elegans, which expresses human muscle-specific Aβ1-42 in the cytoplasm of body wall muscle cells. In addition, mRNA levels of strain CL4176 of several antioxidant genes (sod-1, sod-2, sod-3, hsp16.2) and daf-16 were up-regulated by MS treatment when compared to the nontreated controls. Further evidence showed that MS treatment in C. elegans strains lacking DAF-16/FOXO did not affect paralysis or lifespan phenotypes. The findings indicate that MS reduces oxidative stress and Aβ toxicity via DAF-16 in C. elegans, suggesting that MS can be used for the prevention of AD-associated oxidative stress complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeu-Ching Shi
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering and ‡Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering and ‡Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering and ‡Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Comparison of Monascus purpureus growth, pigment production and composition on different cereal substrates with solid state fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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41
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Chen D, Xue C, Chen M, Wu S, Li Z, Wang C. Effects of blue light on pigment biosynthesis of Monascus. J Microbiol 2016; 54:305-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Liu J, Zhou Y, Yi T, Zhao M, Xie N, Lei M, Liu Q, Shao Y, Chen F. Identification and role analysis of an intermediate produced by a polygenic mutant of Monascus pigments cluster in Monascus ruber M7. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7037-49. [PMID: 26946170 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Monascus pigments (Mps) are a group of azaphilonic secondary metabolites produced by Monascus spp. via a polyketide pathway. A mutant deleted an about 30 kb region of Mps gene cluster from Monascus ruber M7 was isolated previously, which produces a high amount of a light yellow pigment. The current study revealed that the mutant named ΔMpigJ-R lost proximate eight genes of the Mps gene cluster in M. ruber M7 through genetic analysis at DNA and RNA levels. The produced light yellow material was identified as a benzaldehyde derivative named as 6-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopentyl)-3-methyl-2, 4-dioxocyclohexane carb-aldehyde (M7PKS-1) by FT-IR, NMR, and MS. The sodium acetate-1-(13)C feeding experiment indicated that M7PKS-1 was a product produced from polyketide pathway. Finally, the feeding of M7PKS-1 helped to induce and regain Mps production of the mutants (ΔMpigA and ΔMpigE) which were previously unable to biosynthesize Mps and proved that M7PKS-1 was an initial intermediate of Mps. The results in this study provide a line of action to unveil Monascus pigments biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Youxiang Zhou
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Yi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Nana Xie
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Ming Lei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingpei Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanchun Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Lee CL, Lin PY, Hsu YW, Pan TM. Monascus-fermented monascin and ankaflavin improve the memory and learning ability in amyloid β-protein intracerebroventricular-infused rat via the suppression of Alzheimer's disease risk factors. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Arai T, Kojima R, Motegi Y, Kato J, Kasumi T, Ogihara J. PP-O and PP-V, Monascus pigment homologues, production, and phylogenetic analysis in Penicillium purpurogenum. Fungal Biol 2015; 119:1226-1236. [PMID: 26615745 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The production of pigments as secondary metabolites by microbes is known to vary by species and by physiological conditions within a single strain. The fungus strain Penicillium purpurogenum IAM15392 has been found to produce violet pigment (PP-V) and orange pigment (PP-O),Monascus azaphilone pigment homologues, when grown under specific culture conditions. In this study, we analysed PP-V and PP-O production capability in seven strains of P. purpurogenum in addition to strain IAM15392 under specific culture conditions. The pigment production pattern of five strains cultivated in PP-V production medium was similar to that of strain IAM15392, and all violet pigments produced by these five strains were confirmed to be PP-V. Strains that did not produce pigment were also identified. In addition, two strains cultivated in PP-O production medium produced a violet pigment identified as PP-V. The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences from the eight P. purpurogenum strains were sequenced and used to construct a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. PP-O and PP-V production of P. purpurogenum was shown to be related to phylogenetic placement based on rDNA ITS sequence. Based on these results, two hypotheses for the alteration of pigment production of P. purpurogenum in evolution were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Arai
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Ryo Kojima
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Motegi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Jun Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kasumi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Jun Ogihara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
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Chen W, He Y, Zhou Y, Shao Y, Feng Y, Li M, Chen F. Edible Filamentous Fungi from the SpeciesMonascus: Early Traditional Fermentations, Modern Molecular Biology, and Future Genomics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Yi He
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Youxiang Zhou
- Inst. of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products; Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Yanchun Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Yanli Feng
- College of Life Sciences; Hubei Normal Univ.; Huangshi Hubei Province 435000 China
| | - Mu Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- National Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbiology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
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Liu Y, Wu L, Lv Q. DFT/TDDFT study on the photodissociation mechanism of the original monascus red and orange pigments. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 145:181-187. [PMID: 25775942 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The weak photostability has to some extent restricted the wide utilization of monascus pigments in food industries, and their photobleaching mechanism is unclear yet. Density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory at B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level have been performed to optimize the geometries of ground states, single and triplet excited-states of the original monascus red and orange pigments, the possible photodissociation mechanism of which is analyzed according to the calculated data. It is the break of the chromophores, conjugated π bonds which has induced their decoloration. The photodissociation of these pigments involves three steps, excitation of the large conjugated π system, water addition to the singlet or triplet excited-state, and Norrish type I photochemical cleavage reactions of the side chains. The former two steps are much more important steps which have led to the destruction of the chromophores and the fading of the four original monascus red and orange pigments. According to the photobleaching mechanism obtained, one could find some solutions to enhance the photostability of these monascus colorants during the food processing process and extend the shelf life of the foods added with monascus pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Qingzhang Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
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Hsu WH, Pan TM. A novel PPARgamma agonist monascin's potential application in diabetes prevention. Food Funct 2015; 5:1334-40. [PMID: 24752777 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60575b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Edible fungi of the Monascus species have been used as traditional Chinese medicine in eastern Asia for several centuries. Monascus-fermented products possess a number of functional secondary metabolites, including the anti-inflammatory pigments monascin and ankaflavin. Monascin has been shown to prevent or ameliorate several conditions, including hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity. Recently, monascin has been shown to improve hyperglycemia, attenuate oxidative stress, inhibit insulin resistance, and suppress inflammatory cytokine production. In our recent study, we have found that monascin is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist. The PPARgamma agonist activity had been investigated and its exerted benefits are inhibition of inflammation in methylglyoxal (MG)-treated rats, prevention of pancreas impairment causing advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), promotion of insulin expression in vivo and in vitro, and attenuated carboxymethyllysine (CML)-induced hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation in the past several years. Moreover, our studies also demonstrated that monascin also activated nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in pancreatic RIN-m5F cell line thereby invading methylglyoxal induced pancreas dysfunction. In this review, we focus on the chemo-preventive properties of monascin against metabolic syndrome through PPARgamma and Nrf2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Stimulatory effects of blue light on the growth, monascin and ankaflavin production in Monascus. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1043-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Effects of glycerol on pigments and monacolin K production by the high-monacolin K-producing but citrinin-free strain, Monascus pilosus MS-1. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Hsu WH, Pan TM. Treatment of metabolic syndrome with ankaflavin, a secondary metabolite isolated from the edible fungus Monascus spp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:4853-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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