1
|
Synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity of ruthenium(II) metronidazole complexes: Cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition and apoptosis induction in MCF-7 cells. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 237:112022. [PMID: 36244314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium compounds are known to be potential drug candidates since they offer the potential for reduced toxicity. Furthermore, the various oxidation states, different mechanisms of action and ligand substitution kinetics give them advantages over platinum-based complexes, making them suitable for use in biological applications. So, herein, novel ruthenium(II) complexes with metronidazole as ligand were obtained [RuCl(MTNZ)(dppb)(4,4'-Mebipy)]PF6 (1), [RuCl(MTNZ)(dppb)(4,4'-Methoxybipy)]PF6 (2), [RuCl(MTNZ)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6 (3) and [RuCl(MTNZ)(dppb)(phen)]PF6 (4) where, MTNZ = metronidazole, dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, 4,4'-Mebipy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 4,4'-Methoxybipy = 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine, bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, infrared and UV-Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, 31P{1H}, 1H, 13C{1H} and Dept 135 NMR and mass spectrometry. The interaction of complexes 1-4 with DNA was evaluated, and their cytotoxicity profiles were determined on four different tumor cell lines derived from human cancers (SK-MEL-147, melanoma; HepG2, hepatocarcinoma; MCF-7, estrogen-positive breast cancer; A549, non-small cell lung cancer). We demonstrated that complexes (1) and (3) are promising antitumor agents once inhibited the proliferative behavior of MCF-7 cells and induced apoptosis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Britten NS, Butler JA. Ruthenium metallotherapeutics: novel approaches to combatting parasitic infections. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5159-5178. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220401105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human parasitic infections cause a combined global mortality rate of over one million people per annum and represent some of the most challenging diseases for medical intervention. Current chemotherapeutic strategies often require prolonged treatment, coupled with subsequent drug-induced cytotoxic morbidity to the host, while resistance generation is also a major concern. Metals have been used extensively throughout the history of medicine, with more recent applications as anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Ruthenium metallotherapeutic antiparasitic agents are highly effective at targeting a range of key parasites, including the causative agents of malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, amoebiasis, toxoplasmosis and other orphan diseases, while demonstrating lower cytotoxicity profiles than current treatment strategies. Generally, such compounds also demonstrate activity against multiple cellular target sites within parasites, including inhibition of enzyme function, cell membrane perturbation, and alterations to metabolic pathways, therefore reducing the opportunity for resistance generation. This review provides a comprehensive and subjective analysis of the rapidly developing area of ruthenium metal-based antiparasitic chemotherapeutics, in the context of rational drug design and potential clinical approaches to combatting human parasitic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Britten
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A. Butler
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Starek M, Dąbrowska M, Chebda J, Żyro D, Ochocki J. Stability of Metronidazole and Its Complexes with Silver(I) Salts under Various Stress Conditions. Molecules 2021; 26:3582. [PMID: 34208193 PMCID: PMC8230755 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metronidazole is a drug widely used in the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. Due to its possibility of the formation of stable metal complexes, it was decided to broaden its activity spectrum by introducing the silver(I) coordination compounds i.e., [Ag(MTZ)2NO3] and [(Ag(MTZ)2)2]SO4, which have significant antibacterial properties. The paper presents a description of a new qualitative and quantitative analysis of metronidazole in bulk and possible pharmaceutical preparations by thin-layer chromatography with densitometric detection. Optimal separation conditions were selected, and the analytical procedure was validated according to the ICH guidelines. The obtained data indicate that the method is sufficiently sensitive, precise, and accurate. The stability of the metronidazole solutions obtained from tablets, pure metronidazole, and its silver(I) complexes was tested. The research was carried out in various environments, at different temperatures, in H2O2 solution, and during exposure to radiation (UV, sunlight). The greatest degradation was found in the alkaline environment and at higher temperatures. The silver(I) complexes exhibited relatively high stability under analyzed conditions that are higher than standard metronidazole solutions and tablets. The observations were confirmed by the kinetic and thermodynamic analysis. The described studies of new metronidazole silver(I) complexes increase the potential for their application in infections both in humans and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Starek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (M.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Monika Dąbrowska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (M.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Joanna Chebda
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (M.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Dominik Żyro
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chair of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Justyn Ochocki
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chair of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Duru CE, Duru IA, García BAA, Enenebeaku UE. Computational Modeling of the Activity of Metronidazole against EhGα1 of Entamoeba histolytica Enhanced by its Copper and Zinc Complexes. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-021-00245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
5
|
Stenger‐Smith JR, Mascharak PK. Gold Drugs with {Au(PPh
3
)}
+
Moiety: Advantages and Medicinal Applications. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2136-2145. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny R. Stenger‐Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA
| | - Pradip K. Mascharak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Spectrophotometric kinetic study of mercury(II)-catalyzed formation of [4-CNpyRu(CN)5]3− via ligand exchange reaction of hexacyanoruthenate(II) with 4-cyanopyridine: a mechanistic approach. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01927-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
7
|
Gordon AT, Abosede OO, Ntsimango S, Vuuren SV, Hosten EC, Ogunlaja AS. Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking and antimicrobial activity of copper(II) complexes of metronidazole and 1,10 phenanthroline. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
8
|
Dalecki AG, Zorn KM, Clark AM, Ekins S, Narmore WT, Tower N, Rasmussen L, Bostwick R, Kutsch O, Wolschendorf F. High-throughput screening and Bayesian machine learning for copper-dependent inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus. Metallomics 2020; 11:696-706. [PMID: 30839007 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00342d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One potential source of new antibacterials is through probing existing chemical libraries for copper-dependent inhibitors (CDIs), i.e., molecules with antibiotic activity only in the presence of copper. Recently, our group demonstrated that previously unknown staphylococcal CDIs were frequently present in a small pilot screen. Here, we report the outcome of a larger industrial anti-staphylococcal screen consisting of 40 771 compounds assayed in parallel, both in standard and in copper-supplemented media. Ultimately, 483 had confirmed copper-dependent IC50 values under 50 μM. Sphere-exclusion clustering revealed that these hits were largely dominated by sulfur-containing motifs, including benzimidazole-2-thiones, thiadiazines, thiazoline formamides, triazino-benzimidazoles, and pyridinyl thieno-pyrimidines. Structure-activity relationship analysis of the pyridinyl thieno-pyrimidines generated multiple improved CDIs, with activity likely dependent on ligand/ion coordination. Molecular fingerprint-based Bayesian classification models were built using Discovery Studio and Assay Central, a new platform for sharing and distributing cheminformatic models in a portable format, based on open-source tools. Finally, we used the latter model to evaluate a library of FDA-approved drugs for copper-dependent activity in silico. Two anti-helminths, albendazole and thiabendazole, scored highly and are known to coordinate copper ions, further validating the model's applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Dalecki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BBRB 562, 845 19th St S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Obaleye JA, Ajibola AA, Bernardus VB, Hosten EC, Ozarowski A. Synthesis, spectroscopic, structural and antimicrobial studies of a dimeric complex of copper(II) with trichloroacetic acid and metronidazole. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
10
|
Wu JS, Shlian DG, Palmer JH, Upmacis RK. Crystal structure of hexa-μ-chlorido-μ 4-oxido-tetra-kis-{[1-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1 H-imidazole-κ N 3]copper(II)} containing short NO 2⋯NO 2 contacts. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:1057-1060. [PMID: 31392024 PMCID: PMC6659319 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019008570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The title tetra-nuclear copper complex, [Cu4Cl6O(C6H9N3O3)4] or [Cu4Cl6O-(MET)4] [MET is 1-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole or metronidazole], contains a tetra-hedral arrangement of copper(II) ions. Each copper atom is also linked to the other three copper atoms in the tetra-hedron via bridging chloride ions. A fifth coordination position on each metal atom is occupied by a nitro-gen atom of the monodentate MET ligand. The result is a distorted CuCl3NO trigonal-bipyramidal coordination polyhedron with the axial positions occupied by oxygen and nitro-gen atoms. The extended structure displays O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding, as well as unusual short O⋯N inter-actions [2.775 (4) Å] between the nitro groups of adjacent clusters that are oriented perpendicular to each other. The scattering contribution of disordered water and methanol solvent mol-ecules was removed using the SQUEEZE procedure [Spek (2015 ▸). Acta Cryst. C71, 9-16] in PLATON [Spek (2009 ▸). Acta Cryst. D65, 148-155].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Shin Wu
- Department of Chemistry & Physical Sciences, Pace University, New York, NY 10038, USA
| | - Daniel G. Shlian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Joshua H. Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rita K. Upmacis
- Dept. of Chemistry & Physical Sciences, Pace University, New York, NY 10038, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nagaraja S, Ankri S. Target identification and intervention strategies against amebiasis. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 44:1-14. [PMID: 31112766 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is the etiological agent of amebiasis, which is an endemic parasitic disease in developing countries and is the cause of approximately 70,000 deaths annually. E. histolytica trophozoites usually reside in the colon as a non-pathogenic commensal in most infected individuals (90% of infected individuals are asymptomatic). For unknown reasons, these trophozoites can become virulent and invasive, cause amebic dysentery, and migrate to the liver where they cause hepatocellular damage. Amebiasis is usually treated either by amebicides which are classified as (a) luminal and are active against the luminal forms of the parasite, (b) tissue and are effective against those parasites that have invaded tissues, and (c) mixed and are effective against the luminal forms of the parasite and those forms which invaded the host's tissues. Of the amebicides, the luminal amebicide, metronidazole (MTZ), is the most widely used drug to treat amebiasis. Although well tolerated, concerns about its adverse effects and the possible emergence of MTZ-resistant strains of E. histolytica have led to the development of new therapeutic strategies against amebiasis. These strategies include improving the potency of existing amebicides, discovering new uses for approved drugs (repurposing of existing drugs), drug rediscovery, vaccination, drug targeting of essential E. histolytica components, and the use of probiotics and bioactive natural products. This review examines each of these strategies in the light of the current knowledge on the gut microbiota of patients with amebiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Nagaraja
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Serge Ankri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ahmadi F, Shabrandi N, Hosseinzadeh L, Azizian H. Two DNA binding modes of a zinc-metronidazole and biological evaluation as a potent anti-cancer agent. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 38:449-480. [PMID: 30689502 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1562073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A complex of metronidazole (MTZ) with zinc ion was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 1H-NMR, X-ray crystallography and thermal gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). The cytotoxicity effect of the synthesized complex investigated over SKNMC, A549, MCF-7, and MCDK cell lines and the results have shown that it has high cytotoxic potential over cancer cell lines. In order to clarify the mechanism of cell cytotoxicity, the oxidative stress and binding of the complex to the calf thymus-DNA studied by evaluating the intrinsic binding constant and defining thermodynamic parameters of complex over the DNA accompanying with in silico molecular modeling method. For this purpose, the complex optimized at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level and docked over the DNA structure. The results revealed that the metronidazole-zinc complex interacted with DNA via hydrogen binding and electrostatic interaction to the minor groove region and phosphate backbone of DNA, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Ahmadi
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran.,b Physiology Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,c Department of Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy-International Campus , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nosaibeh Shabrandi
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Leilah Hosseinzadeh
- d Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Homa Azizian
- c Department of Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy-International Campus , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fatima S, Gupta P, Agarwal SM. Insight into structural requirements of antiamoebic flavonoids: 3D-QSAR and G-QSAR studies. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1743-1749. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shehnaz Fatima
- Bioinformatics Division; ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research; Noida India
| | - Payal Gupta
- Bioinformatics Division; ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research; Noida India
| | - Subhash Mohan Agarwal
- Bioinformatics Division; ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research; Noida India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Al-Khodir FAI, Refat MS. Investigation of coordination ability of Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) with metronidazole, the antiprotozoal drug, in alkaline media: Synthesis and spectroscopic studies. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s107036321704034x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
15
|
Hayat F, Wahedi HM, Park S, Tariq S, Azam A, Shin D. Novel aryl carbamate derivatives of metronidazole as potential antiamoebic agents. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 39:33-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0686-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Palmer JH, Wu JS, Upmacis RK. Coordination of metronidazole to Cu(II): Structural characterization of a mononuclear square-planar compound. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Palmer JH, Upmacis RK. Crystal structure of bis-[1-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole-κN (3)]silver(I) tetra-fluorido-borate methanol monosolvate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:284-7. [PMID: 25844189 PMCID: PMC4350687 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015002819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
1-(2-Hy-droxy-eth-yl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (metronidazole, MET) is a medication that is used to treat infections by a variety of anaerobic organisms, but there are relatively few reports of the structures of metal compounds that exhibit coordination of metronidazole. We have demonstrated that MET reacts with AgBF4 to give [Ag(MET)2]BF4·CH3OH, in which the Ag(I) cation is coordinated by two MET ligands with a trans arrangement. The structure of [Ag(MET)2]BF4 exhibits some inter-esting differences from its nitrate counterpart, [Ag(MET)2]NO3 [Fun et al. (2008). Acta Cryst. E64, m668]. For instance, although the two MET ligands of both [Ag(MET)2]BF4 and [Ag(MET)2]NO3 are almost coplanar, the former compound has an anti-like geometry with a mol-ecular inversion center, but the latter has a syn-like arrangement. In the crystal, the BF4 (-) anion is linked by an O-H⋯F hydrogen bond to the methanol solvent molecule, which is, in turn, linked to the cation by an O-H⋯O hydrogen bond; the components of the structure are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [001]. One of the MET ligands and the BF4 (-) anion are disordered over two sets of sites with ratios of refined occupancies 0.501 (17):0.499 (17) and 0.539 (19):0.461 (19), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rita K. Upmacis
- Haskins Laboratories, Dept. of Chemistry, Pace University, New York, NY 10038, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Glišić BĐ, Djuran MI. Gold complexes as antimicrobial agents: an overview of different biological activities in relation to the oxidation state of the gold ion and the ligand structure. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:5950-69. [PMID: 24598838 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interest in antimicrobial gold complexes originated from the work of Robert Koch at the end of 19th century, who demonstrated that potassium dicyanidoaurate(I), K[Au(CN)2], showed activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a causative agent of tuberculosis. Subsequently, a large number of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes have been evaluated as possible antimicrobial agents against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi and parasites. The first part of the present review article summarizes the results achieved in the field of antibacterial and antifungal activity of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes. The represented gold(I) complexes have been divided into three distinct classes based on the type of coordinated ligand: (i) complexes with phosphine-type ligands, (ii) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and (iii) various other gold(I) complexes, while the results related to the antibacterial and antifungal gold(III) complexes have been mainly focused on the organometallic-type of complexes. The second section of this article represents findings obtained from the evaluation of antimalarial activity of gold complexes against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum parasite. Antimalarial gold(I) and gold(III) complexes have been divided into the following classes, based on the nature of the coordinated ligand: (i) complexes with chloroquine and its derivatives, (ii) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands, (iii) complexes containing functionalised alkynes and (iv) thiosemicarbazonato ligands, as well as (v) other gold(I) and gold(III) complexes. In the last section of the review, gold(I) and gold(III) complexes have been reported to be potential agents against parasites that cause amoebiasis, leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis. A systematic summary of these results could contribute to the future design of new gold(I) and gold(III) complexes as potential antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Đ Glišić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Patra M, Joshi T, Pierroz V, Ingram K, Kaiser M, Ferrari S, Spingler B, Keiser J, Gasser G. DMSO-Mediated Ligand Dissociation: Renaissance for Biological Activity ofN-Heterocyclic-[Ru(η6-arene)Cl2] Drug Candidates. Chemistry 2013; 19:14768-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
20
|
Barry NPE, Sadler PJ. Exploration of the medical periodic table: towards new targets. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5106-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
21
|
Salahuddin A, Agarwal SM, Avecilla F, Azam A. Metronidazole thiosalicylate conjugates: Synthesis, crystal structure, docking studies and antiamoebic activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5694-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
22
|
Singh S, Bharti N, Mohapatra PP. Chemistry and Biology of Synthetic and Naturally Occurring Antiamoebic Agents. Chem Rev 2009; 109:1900-47. [DOI: 10.1021/cr068217k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, and Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Neelam Bharti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, and Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Prabhu P. Mohapatra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, and Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang B. 1-Hydroxy-ethyl-2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazolium 3-carb-oxy-4-hydroxy-benzene-sulfonate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1338-9. [PMID: 21202961 PMCID: PMC2961761 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808018643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystallization of 1-hydroxyethyl-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (metronidazole) and 5-sulfosalicylic acid (5-H2SSA) from methanol solution yields the title salt, C6H10N3O3+·C7H5O6S−. In the crystal structure, the ions are linked by a combination of intermolecular O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional framework. The hydroxyl group of the cation is disordered over two sites in a 0.860 (4):0.140 (4) ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Wuhan Grand Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, No. 5 Gu Tian Road, Wuhan 430035, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|