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Moraes TAPD, Dias FCR, Sarmento-Filha MJ, Camara CDA, Silva TMS, Torres SM, Souza IA, Pereira MDF, Morais DB, Silva Junior VA. Role of synthetical amynoquinone ethyl 2-(1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-ylamino) acetate in inhibition of Ehrlich's tumor. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154272. [PMID: 36525850 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Quinones are naturally or synthetically occurring secondary metabolites that have various bio-dynamics, highlighting their antitumor potential. This has been explored through their selective cytotoxicity, and studies in medicinal chemistry about the relation between biological activity versus chemical structure may lead to the solution of the toxicity problems associated with quinones. In this context, the antitumor effect of a synthetic naphthoquinone, named Ethyl 2-(1,4-Dioxo-1,4-Dihydronaphthalen-2-Ylamino) Acetate, was tested using mice transplanted with Ehrlich ascitic tumor as an experimental model. The acute toxicity test was performed using 30 mice that received the aminoquinone at doses of 100, 200, 300, and 600 mg/kg. After evaluation of the clinical findings in the spontaneous activity tests, the LD50 calculation for the test substance showed low levels of toxicity at doses lower than 244.11 ± 23.29 mg/kg. Thus, three experimental groups were established, where animals transplanted with tumor cells received NaCl vehicle solution (control, n = 6), and the others were treated with 71.7 mg/kg of Methotrexate (n = 6) or 20 mg/kg of Aminoquinone (n = 6). All administrations were intraperitoneal, in a single dose. Three days after the implantation of the tumor cells the animals were weighed daily and evaluated for tumor biometry and development. The treatments occurred five days after the implantation of the tumor cells and were extended for 7 more days. At the end of the 12-day experimental period, all animals were euthanized for biochemical and histopathological analyses of the tumors and vital organs. The spontaneous activity test showed that the amount of responses associated with the nervous system tends to increase with the increase in dosage, highlighting the excitatory effect on the central nervous system in almost all dosages employed, followed by depressant activities on this system. There was a significant tumor reduction, both in animals treated with methotrexate (71.7 %) and in those treated with aminoquinone (91.6 %) in the control group. There was no significant difference in tumor volume between the animals treated with aminoquinone or methotrexate. The histopathological analysis revealed that in both treatments there were fewer mitoses in the tumor mass compared to the control group. However, there was apparent toxicity to the liver, heart, and left kidney in the treatment with methotrexate compared to aminoquinone. The significant capacity for tumor reduction presented by aminoquinone allows pointing it as a promising alternative for the development of a more efficient drug to control tumor development, being necessary for the development of new studies to deepen the knowledge about its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria José Sarmento-Filha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica em Medicamentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Celso de Amorim Camara
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Maria Torres
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ivone Antônia Souza
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Barbosa Morais
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Mara Silva de Pádua G, Maria De Souza J, Celia Moura Sales M, Gomes de Vasconcelos L, Luiz Dall'Oglio E, Faraggi TM, Moreira Sampaio O, Campos Curcino Vieira L. Evaluation of Chalcone Derivatives as Photosynthesis and Plant Growth Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100226. [PMID: 33998137 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the evaluation of chalcone derivatives as photosystem II (PSII) and plant growth inhibitors. Chalcone derivatives were evaluated as PSII inhibitors through Chl a fluorescence measurement. (E)-Chalcone (6a) and (E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (6j) showed the best results, reducing the performance index on absorption basis parameter (PIabs ) by 70 %. Additionally, the decrease of TR0 /RC and ET0 /RC parameters indicates that the chalcone derivatives limited the number of active PSII reaction centers and the amount of trapped energy within them. Compounds 6a and 6j both act as post-emergent herbicides at 50 μM, reducing the root biomass of the Ipomoea grandifolia weed by 72 % and 83 %, respectively, corroborating the fluorescence results. The selectivity against weeds as compared to valuable crops by compounds 6a and 6j were evaluated employing Zea mays and Phaseolus vulgaris plants. In these, our newly synthesized compounds showed no effects on biomass accumulation of roots and aerial parts when compared to the control, providing valuable evidence for the role of these compounds as selective inhibitors of the growth of undesired weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tomer M Faraggi
- Product Metabolism Analytical Sciences, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Barbosa LCA, Filomeno CA, Teixeira RR. Chemical Variability and Biological Activities of Eucalyptus spp. Essential Oils. Molecules 2016; 21:E1671. [PMID: 27941612 PMCID: PMC6273930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant species produce mixtures of odorous and volatile compounds known as essential oils (EOs). These mixtures play important roles in Nature and have been utilized by mankind for different purposes, such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, aromatherapy, and food flavorants. There are more than 3000 EOs reported in the literature, with approximately 300 in commercial use, including the EOs from Eucalyptus species. Most EOs from Eucalyptus species are rich in monoterpenes and many have found applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, food flavorants, and perfumes. Such applications are related to their diverse biological and organoleptic properties. In this study, we review the latest information concerning the chemical composition and biological activities of EOs from different species of Eucalyptus. Among the 900 species and subspecies of the Eucalyptus genus, we examined 68 species. The studies associated with these species were conducted in 27 countries. We have focused on the antimicrobial, acaricidal, insecticidal and herbicidal activities, hoping that such information will contribute to the development of research in this field. It is also intended that the information described in this study can be useful in the rationalization of the use of Eucalyptus EOs as components for pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications as well as food preservatives and flavorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Claudio Almeida Barbosa
- Departament of Chemistry, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
- Departament of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Claudinei Andrade Filomeno
- Departament of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Ministro Salgado Filho, 1000, Campus Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES 29106-010, Brazil.
| | - Robson Ricardo Teixeira
- Departament of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
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Nain-Perez A, Barbosa LCA, Picanço MC, Giberti S, Forlani G. Amino-substituted para-Benzoquinones as Potential Herbicides. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:1008-17. [PMID: 27389616 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although quinones present a large array of biological activities, a few studies on the herbicidal potential of 2,5-bis(alkyl/arylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones have been reported to date. In this work, starting from benzoquinone, 13 2,5-bis(alkyl/arylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones were prepared in 46 - 93% yield. The products were fully characterized by spectroscopic analyses and their phytotoxicity against Cucumis sativus and Sorghum bicolor seedlings was investigated. At 100 ppm, compounds caused 10 - 88% growth inhibition of the dicotyledonous species, whereas the monocotyledon was less affected. Most compounds exerted little inhibitory effect on a cyanobacterial model strain. However, at 100 μm, compounds 8 - 10 caused about 50% inhibition of algal growth, and compounds 1 and 2 reduced cell viability in the 1 - 10 μm range. The ability of benzoquinone derivatives to interfere with the light-driven ferricyanide reduction by isolated spinach chloroplasts was evaluated. Some substances showed a moderate effect as uncouplers, but no relationship was found between this property and their biological activity, indicating that the herbicidal effect is not associated with the inhibition of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Phytotoxic compounds were not toxic to insects, strengthening the possibility that they may serve as lead for the development of eco-friendly herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalyn Nain-Perez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rofls, s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz C A Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rofls, s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo C Picanço
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rofls, s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Samuele Giberti
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, IT-44121, Ferrara
| | - Giuseppe Forlani
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, IT-44121, Ferrara.
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Garcia D, Domingues MV, Rodrigues E. Ethnopharmacological survey among migrants living in the Southeast Atlantic Forest of Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2010; 6:29. [PMID: 21034478 PMCID: PMC2987905 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-6-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how people of diverse cultural backgrounds have traditionally used plants and animals as medicinal substances during displacements is one of the most important objectives of ethnopharmacological studies. An ethnopharmacological survey conducted among migrants living in the Southeast Atlantic Forest remnants (Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil) is presented herein. METHODS Ethnographical methods were used to select and interview the migrants, and botanical and zoological techniques were employed to collect the indicated resources. RESULTS We interviewed five migrants who described knowledge on 12 animals and 85 plants. Only 78 plants were present in Diadema, they belong to 37 taxonomic families; 68 were used exclusively for medicinal purposes, whereas 10 were reported to be toxic and/or presented some restriction of use. These taxa were grouped into 12 therapeutic categories (e.g., gastrointestinal disturbances, inflammatory processes or respiratory problems) based on the 41 individual complaints cited by the migrants. While the twelve animal species were used by the migrants to treat nine complaints; these were divided into six categories, the largest of which related to respiratory problems. None of the animal species and only 57 of the 78 plant species analysed in the present study were previously reported in the pharmacological literature; the popular knowledge concurred with academic findings for 30 of the plants. The seven plants [Impatiens hawkeri W. Bull., Artemisia canphorata Vill., Equisetum arvensis L., Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Zea mays L., Fevillea passiflora Vell. and Croton fuscescens Spreng)] and the two animals (Atta sexdens and Periplaneta americana) that showed maintenance of use among migrants during their displacement in Brazilian territory, have not been studied by pharmacologists yet. CONCLUSIONS Thus, they should be highlighted and focused in further pharmacology and phytochemical studies, since the persistence of their uses can be indicative of bioactive potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garcia
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Arthur Ridel, 275 CEP, 09941-510, Diadema, S.P., Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Domingues
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Arthur Ridel, 275 CEP, 09941-510, Diadema, S.P., Brazil
| | - Eliana Rodrigues
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 1º andar - Edifício Biomédicas CEP 04023-062, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,5-bis(alkylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones. Molecules 2010; 15:5629-43. [PMID: 20714317 PMCID: PMC6257688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15085629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of twelve 2,5-bis(alkylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones were prepared in yields ranging from 9–58% via the reaction between p-benzoquinone and various amines. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR and MS analyses. The phytotoxicity of the 2,5-bis(alkylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones was evaluated against two crop species, Cucumis sativus and Sorgum bicolor, at 1.0 × 10-3 mol/L. In general, the quinones displayed inhibitory effects on the dicotyledonous species C. sativus (7–74%). On the other hand stimulatory effects were observed on S. bicolor (monocotyledonous). Similar results were observed in the biological assays carried out with the weed species Ipomoea grandifolia (dicotyledonous) and Brachiaria decumbens (monocotyledonous). In addition, the cytotoxicity of the 2,5-bis(alkylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones was assayed against HL-60 (leukemia), MDA-MB-435 (melanoma), SF-295 (brain) and HCT-8 (colon) human cancer cell lines and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), as representatives of healthy cells, using a MTT and an Alamar Blue assay. Compound 12 was the most active, displaying cytotoxicity against all cancer cell lines tested.
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Synthesis and phytogrowth properties of oxabicyclic analogues related to helminthosporin. Molecules 2009; 14:160-73. [PMID: 19127245 PMCID: PMC6253885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of oxabicyclic analogues related to the helminthosporins. Four oxabicycles were prepared by [4+3] cycloaddition of an oxyallyl carbocation, generated in situ from 2,4-dibromopentan-3-one, with selected furans. Functional group manipulations of the oxabicyclic architecture generated nine further derivatives. The phytotoxic properties of these oxabicycles were evaluated as their ability to interfere with the growth of Sorghum bicolor and Cucumis sativus seedlings. In both species, the most active compounds were oxabicycles possessing a carbonyl group conjugated with a double bond.
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Barbosa LCA, Pereira UA, Teixeira RR, Maltha CRA, Fernandes SA, Forlani G. Synthesis and phytotoxic activity of ozonides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:9434-9440. [PMID: 18808140 DOI: 10.1021/jf802077e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The [4 + 3] cycloaddition of the proper furans with the oxyallyl cation, generated in situ from 2,4-dibromopentan-3-one, produced a series of 8-oxabicyclo [3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-ones. Exposure of the oxabicycles to ozone afforded the corresponding 8,9,10,11-tetraoxatricyclo[5.2.1.1 (2,6)]undecan-4-ones in variable yields (7-100%). The phytotoxic properties of these ozonides (or 1,2,4-trioxolanes) and their oxabicycle precursors were evaluated as the ability to interfere with the growth of Sorghum bicolor and Cucumis sativus seedlings. Among oxabicycles, the highest inhibitory activity was shown by compounds possessing a alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety. A differential sensitivity of the two crops was evident with ozonides. The most active compounds were also tested against the weed species Ipomoea grandifolia and Brachiaria decumbens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article describing ozonides as potential herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz C A Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenida P.H. Rolfs, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Barbosa LCA, Rocha ME, Teixeira RR, Maltha CRA, Forlani G. Synthesis of 3-(4-Bromobenzyl)-5-(aryl methylene)-5H-furan-2-ones and their activity as inhibitors of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:8562-8569. [PMID: 17927149 DOI: 10.1021/jf072120x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of 12 3-(4-bromobenzyl)-5-(arylmethylene)-5 H-furan-2-one lactones, designed using the naturally occurring toxin nostoclides as a lead structure, were synthesized and screened as potential inhibitors of photosynthetic electron transport. The structures were confirmed by (1)H and (13)C NMR, MS, and IR analyses. Their biological activity was evaluated both in vitro, as the ability to interfere with light-driven reduction of ferricyanide by isolated spinach chloroplasts, and in vivo, as the capability to inhibite the oxygen production by intact Chlorella cells. Some of the compounds exhibited inhibitory properties in the micromolar range against basal and phosphorylating electron flow from water to K 3[Fe(CN) 6], with no effect on uncoupled electron flow. Thus, they seem to behave as energy-transfer inhibitors. Although poor solubility in water may limit their effectiveness, the active derivatives could present structures to be exploited for the design of new substances endowed with herbicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz C A Barbosa
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenida P.H. Rolfs, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Teixeira R, Barbosa L, Santana J, Veloso D, Ellena J, Doriguetto A, Drew M, Ismail F. Synthesis and structural characterization of two nostoclide analogues. J Mol Struct 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Teixeira RR, Barbosa LCA, Maltha CRA, Rocha ME, Bezerra DP, Costa-Lotufo LV, Pessoa C, Moraes MO. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of some 3-benzyl-5-arylidenefuran-2(5H)-ones. Molecules 2007; 12:1101-16. [PMID: 17873844 PMCID: PMC6149397 DOI: 10.3390/12051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Benzyl-furan-2(5H)-one (2a) and 3-(4-bromobenzyl)-furan-2(5H)-one (2b) were treated with TBDMSOTf and converted into the corresponding tert-butyldimethyl-silylfuran ethers. These furans were further condensed with several aromatic aldehydes affording compounds 5-14 with general 3-benzyl-5-arylidene-furan-2(5H)-one structures in 31% to 98% yields. Such compounds are analogues of the naturally occurring nostoclide lactones, reported to present moderate cytotoxic activity. Compounds 5-14 were submitted to an in vitro bioassay against the HL-60, HCT-8, SF295 and MDA-MB-435 cancer cell lines using the MTT cytotoxicity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbson Ricardo Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cláudio Almeida Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: ; Tel.: (+55) 31 3899 3068; Fax: (+55) 31 3899 3065
| | - Célia Regina Alvares Maltha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Eça Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pereira Bezerra
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1127, CEP 60431-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Letícia Veras Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1127, CEP 60431-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1127, CEP 60431-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1127, CEP 60431-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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