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Souiy Z, Al-Shaikh TM, Alghamdi OA, Krifi B. Optimization of extraction yield, chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut essential oils. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Unraveling the Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses, and Biological and Pharmacological Activities of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6487430. [PMID: 35663202 PMCID: PMC9159826 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6487430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Growing concern for public health has increased the need to change the paradigm towards a healthcare system that advocates holistic practices while reducing adverse effects. Herbal therapy is becoming an integral part of the therapeutic arsenal, and several successful plant-derived compounds/molecules are being introduced into the market. The medicinal plants belonging to the genus Thymus are among the most important species within the Lamiaceae family. One of them is Thymus algeriensis which is mainly distributed in the Mediterranean region. For a long time, this species has been used in traditional medicine to treat several disorders and diseases including inflammation, diabetes, rheumatism, digestive, and respiratory affections. This review describes the traditional uses, phytochemical composition, and biological and pharmacological activities of T. algeriensis extracts. Data were obtained using electronic databases such as SciFindern, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Several plant-based extracts and a broad spectrum of identified secondary metabolites were highlighted and discussed with respective activities and modes of action. T. algeriensis represents a promising natural resource for the pharmaceutical industry mainly for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. Considering these findings, more research is needed to transmute the conventional uses of T. algeriensis into scientifically sound information. Moreover, extensive preclinical, clinical, toxicological, and pharmacokinetic trials on this species and its derivatives compounds are required to underpin the mechanisms of action and ensure its biosafety and efficiency. This comprehensive review provides a scientific basis for future investigations on the use of T. algeriensis and derived compounds in health maintenance and promotion and disease prevention.
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Bleoanca I, Lanciu A, Patrașcu L, Ceoromila A, Borda D. Efficacy of Two Stabilizers in Nanoemulsions with Whey Proteins and Thyme Essential Oil as Edible Coatings for Zucchini. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030326. [PMID: 35323801 PMCID: PMC8951633 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Edible coatings are important for horticulture crops preservation and reducing food waste. Application of edible coatings followed by low-temperature storage prolongs the storability, preserves quality, and decreases the overall postharvest losses. This study evaluated the efficacy of two nanoemulsions formulae containing thyme essential oil and whey proteins as coatings for zucchini, with the purpose of extending their shelf-life. The nanoemulsions were rheologically evaluated and the formula with guar and arabic gum mix stabilizer (S) showed a better capacity to restructure after strain compared to the formulae with Tween 20 (T). The S coating material had a better capacity to integrate nanoparticles compared to T. However, when applied on zucchini, T coating was more effective in reducing weight loss showing 16% weight loss compared to 21% in S, after 42 days. At the end of storage at 10 °C, the T-coated zucchini had better firmness (p < 0.05) compared with S and both coatings were superior to control (p < 0.05). POD (peroxidase) activity was high in peel at the end of storage when also CAT (catalase) showed a sudden increase. On the 42nd day of storage, the highest enzymes activity (CAT, POD, and APX (ascorbate peroxidase)) was present in the S-coated zucchini peel. The most abundant volatile in T coating was α-pinene and 4-carene in S. Sensory analysis showed that T coating delayed the appearance of senescence while S exhibited surface cracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Bleoanca
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galati, Romania; (I.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Andreea Lanciu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galati, Romania; (I.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Livia Patrașcu
- Cross-Border Faculty, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Str., 800201 Galati, Romania; (L.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Alina Ceoromila
- Cross-Border Faculty, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Str., 800201 Galati, Romania; (L.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Daniela Borda
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galati, Romania; (I.B.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-336-130-177
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Jaouadi R, Silva AMS, Boussaid M, Yahia IBH, Cardoso SM, Zaouali Y. Differentiation of Phenolic Composition Among Tunisian Thymus algeriensis Boiss. et Reut. ( Lamiaceae) Populations: Correlation to Bioactive Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E515. [PMID: 31661910 PMCID: PMC6912602 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
: Twelve Tunisian Thymus algeriensis populations growing wild in different bioclimatic zones, extending from the subhumid to the upper-arid bioclimates, were compared regarding their phenolic composition and their ability to serve as antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antibacterial agents. A significant variation of phenol profile was observed between the analyzed populations, as assessed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and an electrospray mass spectrometer (UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn) technique. Rosmarinic acid was the main phenolic compound in most populations (383.8-1157.8 µg/mL extract), but still, those from the upper-arid bioclimatic zone were distinguished by the presence of carvacrol (1374.7 and 2221.6 µg/mL extract), which was absent in the remaining ones. T. algeriensis methanolic extracts were found to possess a substantial antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities, with significant variation observed between populations, which were correlated to their phenolic contents. The antibacterial activity of the extracts tested against seven bacteria was revealed only by populations collected from upper-arid bioclimate and mainly associated with the presence of carvacrol. Extracts revealed a bacteriostatic effect against all bacteria (MIC = 1.4 mg/mL). Yet, the bactericidal activity (MBC = 1.4mg/mL) was restricted to the gram-negative bacteria Escherchia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mohamed Boussaid
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia.
| | - Imen B H Yahia
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia.
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Yosr Zaouali
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia.
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Bendjabeur S, Benchabane O, Bensouici C, Hazzit M, Baaliouamer A, Bitam A. Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity of essential oils and ethanol extracts of Thymus algeriensis and Teucrium polium from Algeria. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Jaouadi R, Cardoso SM, Silva AM, Ben Hadj Yahia I, Boussaid M, Zaouali Y. Variation of phenolic constituents of Tunisian Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoff. et Link. populations. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kouache B, Brada M, Saadi A, Fauconnier ML, Lognay G, Heuskin S. Chemical Composition and Acaricidal Activity of Thymus algeriensis Essential Oil against Varroa destructor. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the acaricidal activity of Thymus algeriensis essential oil (TAEO) against Varroa destructor. This ectoparasitic mite is a pest of the honey bee Apis mellifera. The essential oil from the aerial parts of T. algeriensis, obtained by hydrodistillation, was obtained in a yield of 2.8± 0.2%, w/w. The TAEO was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-four compounds were identified, representing 99.3% of the oil. The main constituents were carvacrol (48.4%), γ-terpinene (14.9%), p-cymene (14.7%), and thymol (5.6%). Four lots were constituted at the level of an apiary in order to study the dynamics of the Varroa destructor and its host, Apis mellifera. After diagnosis by the biological method “install of diapers”, the lots were treated at different doses of TAEO (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5%). TAEO was sprayed on top of the hives. The results show that TAEO at 0.5% resulted in a decrease in the rate of infestation of Varroa destructor, causing a mortality rate of 32.6% without negative effect on the nesting of the queen. The essential oil of T. algeriensis could be used as a bioacaricidal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benmoussa Kouache
- Université Hassiba Benbouali de Chlef, Institut des Sciences Agronomiques BP 151 Hay Salem, Route nationale No19, 02000, Chlef, Algeria
| | - Moussa Brada
- Laboratoire de Valorisation des Substances Naturelles, Université Djilali Bounaama de Khemis-Miliana, Route de Theniet El Had, 44225, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader Saadi
- Université Hassiba Benbouali de Chlef, Institut des Sciences Agronomiques BP 151 Hay Salem, Route nationale No19, 02000, Chlef, Algeria
| | - Marie Laure Fauconnier
- Agro-Bio Chem Department, General and Organic Chemistry, University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Georges Lognay
- Agro-Bio Chem Department, Analytical Chemistry, University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Heuskin
- Agro-Bio Chem Department, Analytical Chemistry, University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Nordine A, Udupa SM, Iraqi D, Meksem K, Hmamouchi M, ElMeskaoui A. Correlation between the Chemical and Genetic Relationships amongThymus saturejoidesGenotypes Cultured underin vitroandin vivoEnvironments. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:387-94. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Nordine
- Phytobiotechnology Unit; National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants; PB 159 Taounate Morocco
- University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah; Imouzzer Road PB 2626, 30000 Fez Morocco
| | - Sripada M. Udupa
- ICARDA-INRA Cooperative Research Project; International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA); PB 6299 Rabat Morocco
| | - Driss Iraqi
- Biotechnology Research Unit; National Institute of Agronomic Research; PB 415 Rabat Morocco
| | - Khalid Meksem
- Department of Plant, Soil & General Agriculture; Southern Illinois University; Carbondale IL 62901-6899 USA
| | - Mohamed Hmamouchi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; Mohamed V University; Mohamed Belarbi El Alaoui ST PB 6203, Rabat Morocco
| | - Abdelmalek ElMeskaoui
- Phytobiotechnology Unit; National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants; PB 159 Taounate Morocco
- University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah; Imouzzer Road PB 2626, 30000 Fez Morocco
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Pitarokili D, Constantinidis T, Saitanis C, Tzakou O. Volatile compounds in Thymus sect. Teucrioides (Lamiaceae): intraspecific and interspecific diversity, chemotaxonomic significance and exploitation potential. Chem Biodivers 2015; 11:593-618. [PMID: 24706629 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thymus sect. Teucrioides comprises three species, namely, T. hartvigii, T. leucospermus, and T. teucrioides, distributed in Greece and Albania. The volatile constituents of all species of the section were obtained by hydrodistillation and investigated by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. Twenty populations were sampled and a total of 103 compounds were identified, representing 98.0-99.9% of the oil compositions. The oils were mainly characterized by high contents of monoterpene hydrocarbons (42.7-92.4%), with the exception of three oils for which oxygenated monoterpenes were the dominating constituents, viz., that of T. hartvigii ssp. macrocalyx, with linalool as main compound (89.2±0.5%), and those of T. hartvigii ssp. hartvigii and of one population of T. teucrioides ssp. candilicus, containing thymol as major component (46.4±3.1 and 38.2±3.9%, resp.). The most common compound in the oils of the 20 populations of the section was p-cymene. Considerable variation was detected within and among populations, and seven chemotypes were distinguished, i.e., p-cymene, linalool, p-cymene/thymol, p-cymene/γ-terpinene, p-cymene/borneol, p-cymene/γ-terpinene/borneol, and p-cymene/linalool chemotypes. Different chemotypes may exist in the same population. Multivariate statistical analyses enabled the segregation of the oils within Thymus sect. Teucrioides into two groups, one consisting of the three subspecies of T. teucrioides and the second comprising the species T. hartvigii and T. leucospermus. A linalool-rich chemotype, unique within the section, distinguished the oil of T. hartvigii ssp. macrocalyx from all other oils. The high oil content of p-cymene and the preference for serpentine substrates render T. teucrioides species promising for future exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Pitarokili
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zographou, GR-15771 Athens, (phone: +30-210-7274591; fax: +30-210-7274591)
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Guesmi F, Ben Ali M, Barkaoui T, Tahri W, Mejri M, Ben-Attia M, Bellamine H, Landoulsi A. Effects of Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis Boiss. et Reut. (Lamiaceae) essential oil on healing gastric ulcers according to sex. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:138. [PMID: 25159191 PMCID: PMC4176582 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymus algeriensis Boiss. et Reut. (Lamiaceae), popularly known as "mougecha" or "mazoukcha" is prolific in Mediterranean regions, mostly in North Africa, and is used in folk medicine to treat of stomach diseases. METHODS In this study, animals were induced with gastric ulcers using HCl/ethanol (0.3 M HCl/60% ethanol) and treated orally with essential oil of Thymus algeriensis (EOTa) in various doses ranging from 54 mg/kg body weight to 180 mg/kg body weight. RESULT The dose found to be effective was 180 mg/kg body weight, since this dose brought about a maximum reduction in lesion index in female rats. In gastric tissues, levels of total glutathiones (GSH, GST and GPx) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Histopathological changes were observed using a cross section of gastric tissue. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of 13 components accounting for 77.7% of the essential oil from dried leaves. Oral administration of EOTa (54, 117 and 180 ml/kg) inhibited HCl/ethanol-induced ulcers. Lesion index was significantly reduced in ulcer induced animals treated with EOTa (HCl/ethanol + EOTa) compared to those ulcerated with HCl/ethanol but with no treatment given. Females showed a greater resistance to ulcers and gastric lesions occurred less often than in males. GSH, pH, enzymic antioxidants, and adherent mucus content were all significantly increased. CONCLUSION From the data presented in this study, it can be concluded that male rats are more sensitive to gastric ulcers induced by HCl/ethanol than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Guesmi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia.
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Fatma G, Mouna BF, Mondher M, Ahmed L. In-vitro assessment of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts and essential oil of Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:114. [PMID: 25022197 PMCID: PMC4115217 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Owing to the complexity of the antioxidant materials and their mechanism of actions, it is obvious that no single testing method is capable of providing a comprehensive picture of the antioxidant profile. The essential oil of the Thymus specie may still possess other important activities in traditional medicine, it can be used in the treatment of fever and cough. This essential oil may also have an anticancer activity. Methods The essential oils aerial parts hydrodistilled from Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis, were characterised by GC/MS analysis and the methanolic extracts were chemically characterized by HPLC method. The essence of thyme was evaluated for its antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Result The Terpinen-4-ol are the principal class of metabolites (33.34%) among which 1.8-cineole (19.96%) and camphor (19.20%) predominate. In this study, quantitative values of antioxidant activity of crude methanolic extracts of Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis were investigated. The essential oils was screened for their antibacterial activity against six common pathogenic microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteridis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Listeria monocytogenes) by well diffusion method and agar dilution method (MIC). All the essences were found to inhibit the growth of both gram (+) and gram (−) bacteria organisms tested. These activities were correlated with the presence of phenolic compounds in active fractions. HPLC confirmed presence of phenolic compounds in methanol extracts. Conclusion Methanol extracts and essential oils from aerial parts of Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis, were examined for their potential as antioxidants. The technique for measuring antioxidant activity, which was developed using DPPH, ABTS and β-carotene bleaching, produced results as found in established literatures. The present results indicate clearly that methanol extracts and essential oils from Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis possess antioxidant properties and could serve as free radical inhibitors or scavengers, acting possibly as primary antioxidants, also their essential oil have an antibacterial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guesmi Fatma
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia.
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Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Thymus algeriensis wild-growing in Libya. Open Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe composition of essential oil isolated from Thymus algeriensis growing wild in Libya was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil was characterized with thymol (38.50%) as the major component. The oil was screened for antioxidant activity using DPPH assay, and compared to thymol and carvacrol. Antioxidant activity was high, with the IC50 of 0.299 mg/ml, compared to 0.403 and 0.105 mg/ml for thymol and carvacrol, and 0.0717 mg/ml for BHA. In addition, antimicrobial activity was tested against eight bacteria and eight fungi. T. algeriensis oil showed inhibitory activity against tested bacteria at 0.001–0.05 mg/ml, while bactericidal activity (MBC) was achieved at 0.0025–0.05 mg/ml. For antifungal activity MICs ranged 0.0005–0.025 mg/ml and MFC 0.001–0.05 mg/ml. High antimicrobial activity against the fungi in particular suggests that the essential oil of Thymus algeriensis could have a useful practical application.
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Benini C, Mahy G, Bizoux JP, Wathelet JP, du Jardin P, Brostaux Y, Fauconnier ML. Comparative chemical and molecular variability of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson forma genuina (ylang-ylang) in the Western Indian Ocean Islands: implication for valorization. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:1389-402. [PMID: 22782885 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson forma genuina (Annonaceae) is a tropical tree, grown for the production of ylang-ylang essential oil, which is extracted from its fresh and mature flowers. Despite its economic and social importance, very little information is available on its variability and the possible factors causing it. Therefore, the relationship between the genetic structure, revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and the essential oil chemical composition, determined by GC/MS analysis, of ylang-ylang grown in semi-managed systems in three Indian Ocean islands (Grande Comore, Mayotte, and Madagascar) was investigated. Our results revealed a low genetic variation within plantations and contrasted situations between islands. Variations of the chemical composition could be observed within plantations and between islands. The genetic differentiation pattern did not match the observed pattern of chemical variability. Hence, the chemical variation could not be attributed to a genetic control. As Grande Comore, Madagascar, and Mayotte present different environmental and agronomic conditions, it can be concluded that the influence of these conditions on the ylang-ylang essential oil composition is consistent with the patterns observed. Finally, several strategies were proposed to valorize the chemical composition variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Benini
- Plant Biology Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux.
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El Hadj Ali IB, Guetat A, Boussaid M. Variation of Volatiles in Tunisian Populations of Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. (Lamiaceae). Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:1272-85. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zouari N, Ayadi I, Fakhfakh N, Rebai A, Zouari S. Variation of chemical composition of essential oils in wild populations of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. et Reut., a North African endemic species. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:28. [PMID: 22439877 PMCID: PMC3310742 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thymus algeriensis is an endemic aromatic plant to Tunisia largely used in folk medicine and as a culinary herb. The bulks aromatic plants come from wild populations whose essential oils compositions as well as their biological properties are severely affected by the geographical location and the phase of the plant development. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to provide more information on the variation of essential oil composition of T. algeriensis collected during the vegetative and the flowering phases and from eight different geographical regions. Besides, influence of population location and phenological stage on yield and metal chelating activity of essential oils is also assessed. Methods The essential oil composition of Thymus algeriensis was determined mainly by GC/FID and GC/MS. The chemical differentiation among populations performed on all compounds was assessed by linear discriminate analysis and cluster analysis based on Euclidean distance. Results A total of 71 compounds, representing 88.99 to 99.76% of the total oil, were identified. A significant effect of the population location on the chemical composition variability of T. algeriensis oil was observed. Only 18 out of 71 compounds showed a statistically significant variation among population locations and phenological stages. Chemical differentiation among populations was high. Minor compounds play an important role to distinguish between chemical groups. Five chemotypes according to the major compounds have been distinguished. Chemotypes distribution is linked to the population location and not to bioclimate, indicating that local selective environmental factors acted on the chemotype diversity. Conclusions The major compounds at the species level were α-pinene (7.41-13.94%), 1,8-cineole (7.55-22.07%), cis-sabinene hydrate (0.10-12.95%), camphor (6.8-19.93%), 4-terpineol (1.55-11.86%), terpenyl acetate (0-14.92%) and viridiflorol (0-11.49%). Based on major compounds, the populations were represented by (α-pinene/1,8-cineole/cis-sabinene hydrate/camphor/viridiflorol), (1,8-cineole/camphor/terpenyl acetate), (α-pinene/1,8-cineole/camphor), (1,8-cineole/camphor/4-terpineol) and (α-pinene/1,8-cineole/cis-sabinene hydrate/camphor/4-terpineol) chemotypes. Variation of phenological stage did not have a statistically significant effect on the yield and metal chelating activity of the essential oil. These results can be used to investigate the geographical location and the harvesting time of this plant for relevant industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nacim Zouari
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
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Chemat S, Cherfouh R, Meklati BY, Belanteur K. Composition and microbial activity of thyme (Thymus algeriensis genuinus) essential oil. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2012.645303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zouari N, Fakhfakh N, Zouari S, Bougatef A, Karray A, Neffati M, Ayadi M. Chemical composition, angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Tunisian Thymus algeriensis Boiss. et Reut. (Lamiaceae). FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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