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Zong Y, Yang JJ, Li K, Pei YF, Hou HY, Zhang Y, Wang CL, Li PL. Litoamentenes A-K, eleven undescribed cembranoids with cytotoxicity from the South China Sea soft coral Litophyton amentaceum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 223:114113. [PMID: 38697241 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Eleven undescribed cembrane-type diterpenoids, named litoamentenes A-K (1-11), were isolated from the soft coral Litophyton amentaceum collected from the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, comparison with the literature data, single crystal X-ray diffraction, quantum chemical calculations and TDDFT-ECD calculations. This is the first systematic investigation of L. amentaceum. In particular, compounds 1-3 are cembrane-type norditerpenoids that lack isopropyl side chains. Compound 6 is a cembrane-type norditerpenoid without a methyl group at C-4, the first natural product identified with this carbon skeleton. Compounds 6, 9 and 10 showed modest cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 3.99 to 14.56 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy Department, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266235, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy Department, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266235, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy Department, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266235, China
| | - Yan-Fang Pei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy Department, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266235, China
| | - Hui-Yue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy Department, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266235, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy Department, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266235, China
| | - Ci-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy Department, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266235, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ping-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy Department, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266235, China.
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2
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Yan XY, Zhang L, Yang QB, Ge ZY, Liang LF, Guo YW. Genus Litophyton: A Hidden Treasure Trove of Structurally Unique and Diversely Bioactive Secondary Metabolites. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:523. [PMID: 37888458 PMCID: PMC10608288 DOI: 10.3390/md21100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine soft corals are prolific sources of various natural products that have served as a wealthy reservoir of diverse chemical scaffolds with potential as new drug leads. The genus Litophyton contains almost 100 species but only a small proportion of them has been chemically investigated, which calls for more attentions from global researchers. In the current work, 175 secondary metabolites have been discussed, drawing from published data spanning almost five decades, up to July 2023. The studied species of the genus Litophyton resided in various tropical and temperate regions and encompassed a broad range of biologically active natural products including terpenes, steroids, nitrogen-containing metabolites, lipids, and other metabolites. A wide spectrum of pharmacological effects of these compounds had been evaluated, such as cytotoxic, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-malarial, antifeedant, anti-inflammatory, molluscicidal, PTP1B inhibitory, insect growth inhibitory, and neuroprotective activities. This review aims to offer an up-to-date survey of the literature and provide a comprehensive understanding of the chemical structures, taxonomical distributions, and biological activities of the reported metabolites from the title genus whenever available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yun Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China; (X.-Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.-B.Y.); (Z.-Y.G.)
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China; (X.-Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.-B.Y.); (Z.-Y.G.)
| | - Qi-Bin Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China; (X.-Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.-B.Y.); (Z.-Y.G.)
| | - Zeng-Yue Ge
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China; (X.-Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.-B.Y.); (Z.-Y.G.)
| | - Lin-Fu Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China; (X.-Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.-B.Y.); (Z.-Y.G.)
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Bao Shan District, Shanghai 200444, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, 198 Binhai East Road, High-tech Zone, Yantai 264117, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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3
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Ahmed MMA, Ragab EA, Zayed A, El-Ghaly EM, Ismail SK, Khan SI, Ali Z, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA. Litoarbolide A: an undescribed sesquiterpenoid from the Red Sea soft coral Litophyton arboreum with an in vitro anti-malarial activity evaluation. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:542-550. [PMID: 35491702 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2071268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft corals distributed across the Red Sea coasts are a rich source of diverse and bioactive natural products. Chemical probing of the Red Sea soft coral Litophyton arboreum led to isolation and structural characterization of an undescribed sesquiterpenoid, litoarbolide A (1), along with 14 previously reported metabolites (2-15). The chemical structures of the isolates were assigned based on NMR as well as high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) data. Litoarbolide A is supposed to be the biosynthetic precursor to other sesquiterpenoids, which formed via further post-translational modifications. Furthermore, these metabolites were evaluated for anti-malarial activity, where only the acyclic sesquiterpenoid of a sec-germacrane nucleus (7) showed an activity against chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 at 3.7 and 2.2 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the isolated metabolites were all non-toxic to the Vero cell line. These findings support the consideration of L. arboreum in further natural anti-malarial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States.,Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Ehab A Ragab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tanta University, College of Pharmacy, Tanta, Egypt.,Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Elsayed M El-Ghaly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Said K Ismail
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States.,Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States.,Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
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4
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Zhang L, Yang M, Chen ZH, Ge ZY, Li SW, Yan XY, Yao LG, Liang LF, Guo YW. Cembrane Diterpenes Possessing Nonaromatic Oxacycles from the Hainan Soft Coral Sarcophyton mililatensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031979. [PMID: 36768306 PMCID: PMC9915928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Documents on the chemical composition of the soft coral Sarcophyton mililatensis are sparse. The present investigation of the Hainan soft coral S. mililatensis resulted in the discovery of six new cembrane diterpenes, sarcoxacyclols A-F (1-6) and four known analogs (7-10). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis along with a comparison with the data in current literature. The nonaromatic oxacycles in their structures were the rarely found tetrahydrofuran ether across C-1 and C-12 and tetrahydropyran ether across C-1 and C-11, respectively. Moreover, the absolute configuration of compound 4 was established unambiguously by X-ray diffraction analysis using Ga Kα radiation (λ = 1.34139 Å). Based on the biogenetical consideration, the absolute configurations of other five new compounds were tentatively assumed. Assessment of the bioactivity for these secondary metabolites revealed that compound 1 exhibited significant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitory activity (IC50 = 9.5 μmol/L), similar to the positive control dexamethasone (IC50 = 8.7 μmol/L), but no obvious cytotoxicity towards RAW264.7 cells (CC50 > 50 μmol/L). The preliminary molecular docking suggested the crucial roles of the hydroxyl and acetoxyl groups in the computational prediction of the binding mode between the diterpene and the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zi-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zeng-Yue Ge
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Song-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xian-Yun Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Li-Gong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lin-Fu Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Correspondence: (L.-F.L.); (Y.-W.G.)
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao 266237, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals and College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (L.-F.L.); (Y.-W.G.)
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5
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Uncommon eunicellin-based diterpenoid and 9,11-secosteroid from the Sanya soft coral Cladiella krempfi: structure and stereochemistry. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Li J, Huan XJ, Wu MJ, Chen ZH, Chen B, Miao ZH, Guo YW, Li XW. Chemical constituents from the South China sea soft coral Sinularia humilis. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:3324-3330. [PMID: 33356576 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1855645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new diterpenoid with an unusual capnosane skeleton, sinuhumilol A (1), alone with twelve known diverse compounds (2-13), were isolated from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia humilis. Their structures and stereochemistry were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations, and/or by the comparison of the spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. In bioassay, compound 11 exhibited interesting specific cytotoxicity against the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 with IC50 value of 12.5 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
| | - Xia-Juan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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7
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Wu MJ, Wang H, Jiang CS, Guo YW. New cembrane-type diterpenoids from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia crassa and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104281. [PMID: 32980673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A detailed chemical research of the soft coral Sinularia crassa collected from the South China Sea yielded a series of cembrane-type diterpenoids, including four new cembranoids, namely sinulacrassins A - C (1, (+)-2, (+)-4) and ent-xishaflavalin G ((+)-3), along with five known analogs ((-)-3, 5-8). Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, chemical methods, and the comparison with those literature data. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by time-dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT/ECD) calculation, and the absolute configuration of (+)-2 was determined using the modified Mosher's method. The bioassay results revealed that (+)-2 and 5 were novel α-glucosidase inhibitors with IC50 values of 10.65 ± 0.16 and 30.31 ± 1.22 μM, respectively. In addition, (+)-2 and 5 were nontoxic towards human normal hepatocyte (LO2) cells at 100 μM. The present results highlighted the unusual coexistence of α and β configurations of C-1 in cembranoids from soft coral in the Order Alcyonacea, and provided new chemotype for the development of α-glucosidase inhibitors used in anti-diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jun Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals and College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals and College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Cheng-Shi Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals and College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.
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8
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Elkhawas YA, Elissawy AM, Elnaggar MS, Mostafa NM, Al-Sayed E, Bishr MM, Singab ANB, Salama OM. Chemical Diversity in Species Belonging to Soft Coral Genus Sacrophyton and Its Impact on Biological Activity: A Review. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E41. [PMID: 31935862 PMCID: PMC7024209 DOI: 10.3390/md18010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most widely distributed soft coral species, found especially in shallow waters of the Indo-Pacific region, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and also the Arctic, is genus Sacrophyton. The total number of species belonging to it was estimated to be 40. Sarcophyton species are considered to be a reservoir of bioactive natural metabolites. Secondary metabolites isolated from members belonging to this genus show great chemical diversity. They are rich in terpenoids, in particular, cembranoids diterpenes, tetratepenoids, triterpenoids, and ceramide, in addition to steroids, sesquiterpenes, and fatty acids. They showed a broad range of potent biological activities, such as antitumor, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, antifouling, and anti-inflammatory activity. This review presents all isolated secondary metabolites from species of genera Sacrophyton, as well as their reported biological activities covering a period of about two decades (1998-2019). It deals with 481 metabolites, including 323 diterpenes, 39 biscembranoids, 11 sesquiterpenes, 53 polyoxygenated sterols, and 55 miscellaneous and their pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A. Elkhawas
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal plants, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Elissawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (M.S.E.); (N.M.M.); (E.A.-S.); (A.N.B.S.)
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (M.S.E.); (N.M.M.); (E.A.-S.); (A.N.B.S.)
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Nada M. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (M.S.E.); (N.M.M.); (E.A.-S.); (A.N.B.S.)
| | - Eman Al-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (M.S.E.); (N.M.M.); (E.A.-S.); (A.N.B.S.)
| | - Mokhtar M. Bishr
- Plant General Manager and Technical Director, Mepaco Co., Sharkeiya 11361, Egypt;
| | - Abdel Nasser B. Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (M.S.E.); (N.M.M.); (E.A.-S.); (A.N.B.S.)
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Salama
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal plants, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
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Huong NT, Ngoc NT, Hanh TTH, Quang TH, Cuong NX, Nam NH, Van Minh C. Chemical constituents from the soft coral Sinularia digitata. VIETNAM JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/vjch.201900112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Huong
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay; Hanoi 100000 Viet Nam
| | - Ninh Thi Ngoc
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay; Hanoi 100000 Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thi Hong Hanh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay; Hanoi 100000 Viet Nam
| | - Tran Hong Quang
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay; Hanoi 100000 Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Cuong
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay; Hanoi 100000 Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Hoai Nam
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay; Hanoi 100000 Viet Nam
| | - Chau Van Minh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay; Hanoi 100000 Viet Nam
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10
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Highly diverse cembranoids from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia scabra as a new class of potential immunosuppressive agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3469-3476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Hanif N, Murni A, Tanaka C, Tanaka J. Marine Natural Products from Indonesian Waters. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060364. [PMID: 31248122 PMCID: PMC6627775 DOI: 10.3390/md17060364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are primal and have been a driver in the evolution of organic chemistry and ultimately in science. The chemical structures obtained from marine organisms are diverse, reflecting biodiversity of genes, species and ecosystems. Biodiversity is an extraordinary feature of life and provides benefits to humanity while promoting the importance of environment conservation. This review covers the literature on marine natural products (MNPs) discovered in Indonesian waters published from January 1970 to December 2017, and includes 732 original MNPs, 4 structures isolated for the first time but known to be synthetic entities, 34 structural revisions, 9 artifacts, and 4 proposed MNPs. Indonesian MNPs were found in 270 papers from 94 species, 106 genera, 64 families, 32 orders, 14 classes, 10 phyla, and 5 kingdoms. The emphasis is placed on the structures of organic molecules (original and revised), relevant biological activities, structure elucidation, chemical ecology aspects, biosynthesis, and bioorganic studies. Through the synthesis of past and future data, huge and partly undescribed biodiversity of marine tropical invertebrates and their importance for crucial societal benefits should greatly be appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novriyandi Hanif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Anggia Murni
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16128, Indonesia.
| | - Chiaki Tanaka
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
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12
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Li G, Li H, Zhang Q, Yang M, Gu YC, Liang LF, Tang W, Guo YW. Rare Cembranoids from Chinese Soft Coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi: Structural and Stereochemical Studies. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5091-5098. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng Li
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Lin-Fu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao 266237, China
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13
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Hegazy MEF, Mohamed TA, Elshamy AI, Hamed AR, Ibrahim MAA, Ohta S, Umeyama A, Paré PW, Efferth T. Sarcoehrenbergilides D–F: cytotoxic cembrene diterpenoids from the soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi. RSC Adv 2019; 9:27183-27189. [PMID: 35529183 PMCID: PMC9070672 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04158c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A solvent extract of the soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi afforded cembrene diterpenoids, sarcoehrenbergilid D–F (1–3). Chemical structures were established by modern spectroscopic techniques with absolute stereochemistries determined by circular dichroism (CD) and time-dependent density functional theory electronic CD calculations (TDDFT-ECD). Cytotoxicity activities for 1–3 were evaluated against three human cancer cell lines: lung (A549), colon (Caco-2) and liver (HepG2). A solvent extract of the soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi afforded cembrene diterpenoids, sarcoehrenbergilid D–F (1–3).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Tarik A. Mohamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department
- National Research Centre
- Giza 12622
- Egypt
| | - Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
- Natural Compound Chemistry Department
- National Research Centre
- Giza 12622
- Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Ahmed R. Hamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department
- National Research Centre
- Giza 12622
- Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Minia University
- Minia 61519
| | - Shinji Ohta
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521
- Japan
| | - Akemi Umeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tokushima Bunri University
- Tokushima
- Japan
| | - Paul W. Paré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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14
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Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Cembranoids from a Dongsha Atoll Soft Coral Sarcophyton stellatum. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16060210. [PMID: 29903990 PMCID: PMC6025080 DOI: 10.3390/md16060210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Six new polyoxygenated cembrane-based diterpenoids, stellatumolides A–C (1–3), stellatumonins A and B (4 and 5), and stellatumonone (6), were isolated together with ten known related compounds (7–16) from the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of soft coral Sarcophyton stellatum. The structures of the new compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and data comparison with related structures. Compounds 8 and 14 were isolated from a natural source for the first time. The isolated metabolites were shown to be not cytotoxic against a limited panel of cancer cells. Compound 9 showed anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the expression of proinflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) proteins in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse leukaemic monocyte macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells.
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15
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Rahelivao MP, Lübken T, Gruner M, Kataeva O, Ralambondrahety R, Andriamanantoanina H, Checinski MP, Bauer I, Knölker HJ. Isolation and structure elucidation of natural products of three soft corals and a sponge from the coast of Madagascar. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:2593-2608. [PMID: 28267183 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00191f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the three soft corals Sarcophyton stellatum, Capnella fungiformis and Lobophytum crassum and the sponge Pseudoceratina arabica, which have been collected at the coast of Madagascar. In addition to previously known marine natural products, S. stellatum provided the new (+)-enantiomer of the cembranoid (1E,3E,11E)-7,8-epoxycembra-1,3,11,15-tetraene (2). Capnella fungiformis afforded three new natural products, ethyl 5-[(1E,5Z)-2,6-dimethylocta-1,5,7-trienyl]furan-3-carboxylate (6), ethyl 5-[(1E,5E)-2,6-dimethylocta-1,5,7-trienyl]furan-3-carboxylate (7) and the diepoxyguaiane sesquiterpene oxyfungiformin (9a). The extracts of all three soft corals exhibited moderate activities against the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Extracts of the sponge Pseudoceratina arabica proved to be very active against a series of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tilo Lübken
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Margit Gruner
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Olga Kataeva
- A. M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Ingmar Bauer
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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16
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Abou El-Kassem LT, Hawas UW, El-Desouky SK, Al-Farawati R. Sesquiterpenes from the Saudi Red Sea: Litophyton arboreum with their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 73:9-14. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A new pseudoguaiane-type sesquiterpene named litopharbol (1) was isolated from the methanolic extract of the Red Sea soft coral Litophyton arboreum, along with known sesquiterpenoids alismol (2), alismorientol B (3), teuhetenone A (4), and calamusin I (5); steroid, 24-methyl-cholesta-5,24(28)-diene-3β-ol (6), alkyl glyceryl ether, chimyl alcohol (7); sphingolipid, erythro-N-dodecanoyl-docosasphinga-(4E,8E)-dienine (8); and nitrogenous bases, thymine (9) and thymidine (10). The structures were determined on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR data including heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy, heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation spectroscopy, and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy) and mass spectrometric analyses. Compounds 1–5 were explored for antimicrobial activity and cancer cell line sensitivity tests. Compound 1 exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus with a minimum inhibition concentration of 1.8 μg/mL, whereas compound 3 showed significant potent cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 (breast cancer cells) with IC50 4.32 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Usama W. Hawas
- Marine Chemistry Department , Faculty of Marine Sciences , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematic Department , National Research Centre , Dokki 12311, Cairo , Egypt , Tel.: +966-5424-68093; Fax: +966-2640-1747
| | - Samy K. El-Desouky
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science , Jazan University , Jazan 2097 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematic Department , National Research Centre , Dokki 12311, Cairo , Egypt
| | - Radwan Al-Farawati
- Marine Chemistry Department , Faculty of Marine Sciences , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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17
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Yang L, Wu ZN, Zhang YB, Chen NH, Zhuang L, Li YL, Wang GC. Three new diterpenoids from Croton laui Merr. et Metc. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:1028-1033. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1266350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Nan Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bo Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Neng-Hua Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhuang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Lan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Cai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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18
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Rahelivao MP, Gruner M, Lübken T, Islamov D, Kataeva O, Andriamanantoanina H, Bauer I, Knölker HJ. Chemical constituents of the soft corals Sinularia vanderlandi and Sinularia gravis from the coast of Madagascar. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 14:989-1001. [PMID: 26626232 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02280k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The crude extracts of the Madagascan soft corals Sinularia vanderlandi and Sinularia gravis (Alcyoniidae) showed activity against Plasmodium falciparum which led us to study their chemical constituents. The new cadinane-type sesquiterpenoid vanderlandin (1) has been obtained from S. vanderlandi along with 24-methylenecholesterol (2). Four new compounds, the spatane-type diterpenoid gravilin (3), the monoalkylmonoacylglycerol 4, the dihomoditerpenoid ketone 5, and isodecaryiol (9), along with the three known compounds (+)-(S)-geranyllinalool (6), (-)-(R)-nephthenol (7), and 11,12-epoxysarcophytol A (8) have been isolated from the methanol extract of S. gravis. The structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic methods, in particular various 2D NMR techniques. The structure of isodecaryiol (9) including its absolute configuration could be confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
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19
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Ghandourah MA, Alarif WM, Abdel-Lateff A, Al-Lihaibi SS, Ayyad SEN, Basaif SA, Badria FA. Two new terpenoidal derivatives: a himachalene-type sesquiterpene and 13,14-secosteroid from the soft coral Litophyton arboreum. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Cheng SY, Wang SK, Hsieh MK, Duh CY. Polyoxygenated cembrane diterpenoids from the soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6140-52. [PMID: 25789502 PMCID: PMC4394524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16036140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Five new polyoxygenated cembranoids, named (+)-1,15-epoxy-2-methoxy-12-methoxycarbonyl-11E-sarcophytoxide (1), (+)-2-epi-12-methoxycarbonyl-11E-sarcophine (2), 3,4-epoxyehrenberoxide A (3), ehrenbergol D (4) and ehrenbergol E (5), were obtained from the soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi. The structures of 1–5 were established on the basis of comprehensive NMR and HR-ESI-MS analyses and by comparison with reported data in the literature. Compounds 4 and 5 showed moderate cytotoxicity against P-388 (mouse lymphocytic leukemia) cancer cell line with EC50 values of 2.0 and 3.0 μM, respectively. Compound 2 exhibited slight antiviral activity against HCMV (human cytomegalovirus) with IC50 values of 25.0 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yie Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Kwei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Mu-Keng Hsieh
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Yih Duh
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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21
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Bellou S, Baeshen MN, Elazzazy AM, Aggeli D, Sayegh F, Aggelis G. Microalgal lipids biochemistry and biotechnological perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1476-93. [PMID: 25449285 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, there has been an intense interest in using microalgal lipids in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries and cosmetology, while a noteworthy research has been performed focusing on all aspects of microalgal lipid production. This includes basic research on the pathways of solar energy conversion and on lipid biosynthesis and catabolism, and applied research dealing with the various biological and technical bottlenecks of the lipid production process. In here, we review the current knowledge in microalgal lipids with respect to their metabolism and various biotechnological applications, and we discuss potential future perspectives. The committing step in fatty acid biosynthesis is the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA that is then introduced in the fatty acid synthesis cycle leading to the formation of palmitic and stearic acids. Oleic acid may also be synthesized after stearic acid desaturation while further conversions of the fatty acids (i.e. desaturations, elongations) occur after their esterification with structural lipids of both plastids and the endoplasmic reticulum. The aliphatic chains are also used as building blocks for structuring storage acylglycerols via the Kennedy pathway. Current research, aiming to enhance lipogenesis in the microalgal cell, is focusing on over-expressing key-enzymes involved in the earlier steps of the pathway of fatty acid synthesis. A complementary plan would be the repression of lipid catabolism by down-regulating acylglycerol hydrolysis and/or β-oxidation. The tendency of oleaginous microalgae to synthesize, apart from lipids, significant amounts of other energy-rich compounds such as sugars, in processes competitive to lipogenesis, deserves attention since the lipid yield may be considerably increased by blocking competitive metabolic pathways. The majority of microalgal production occurs in outdoor cultivation and for this reason biotechnological applications face some difficulties. Therefore, algal production systems need to be improved and harvesting systems need to be more effective in order for their industrial applications to become more competitive and economically viable. Besides, a reduction of the production cost of microalgal lipids can be achieved by combining lipid production with other commercial applications. The combined production of bioactive products and lipids, when possible, can support the commercial viability of both processes. Hydrophobic compounds can be extracted simultaneously with lipids and then purified, while hydrophilic compounds such as proteins and sugars may be extracted from the defatted biomass. The microalgae also have applications in environmental biotechnology since they can be used for bioremediation of wastewater and to monitor environmental toxicants. Algal biomass produced during wastewater treatment may be further valorized in the biofuel manufacture. It is anticipated that the high microalgal lipid potential will force research towards finding effective ways to manipulate biochemical pathways involved in lipid biosynthesis and towards cost effective algal cultivation and harvesting systems, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Bellou
- Division of Genetics, Cell & Development Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Mohammed N Baeshen
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Elazzazy
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dimitra Aggeli
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fotoon Sayegh
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - George Aggelis
- Division of Genetics, Cell & Development Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece; Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Bhujanga Rao C, Babu DC, Bharadwaj TV, Srikanth D, Vardhan KS, Raju TV, Bunce RA, Venkateswarlu Y. Isolation, structural assignment and synthesis of (SE)-2-methyloctyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propenoate from the marine soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:70-6. [PMID: 25229804 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.958742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new metabolite 1 has been isolated from the marine soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi along with two known diterpenoids 2 and 3 and cholesterol 4. The structure of 1 was determined by means of detailed spectroscopic analysis and unambiguously confirmed to have the S configuration by the synthesis of both enantiomers using 4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone auxiliaries. (S)- and (R)-1, 3 and some of the synthetic intermediates were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against human lung cancer (A549), prostate cancer (DU145), cervical cancer (HeLa) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines in an in vitro bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitturi Bhujanga Rao
- a Natural Products Chemistry Division , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500 007 , India
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23
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Cheng ZB, Liao Q, Chen Y, Fan CQ, Huang ZY, Xu XJ, Yin S. Four new cembranoids from the soft coral Sarcophyton sp. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2014; 52:515-520. [PMID: 25043201 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Bin Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
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24
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Liang LF, Guo YW. Terpenes from the soft corals of the genus Sarcophyton: chemistry and biological activities. Chem Biodivers 2014; 10:2161-96. [PMID: 24327439 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This review covers structural diversity and biological activities of terpenes from soft corals of the genus of Sarcophyton, reported from 1995 to July, 2011. During this period, besides undefined species, 16 species of the genus Sarcophyton, from different geographical areas, had been chemically examined. Two hundred and five terpenes had been isolated from this genus, including eleven sesquiterpenes, 165 diterpenes, 29 biscembranoids, some of which had novel skeletons. They exhibited various biological features, such as antifeedant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antifouling activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Fu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China, (phone: +86-21-50805813); Present address: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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25
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New terpenes from the Egyptian soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:1977-86. [PMID: 24699113 PMCID: PMC4012453 DOI: 10.3390/md12041977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigations of the Egyptian soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi have led to the isolation of compounds 1-3 as well as the previously reported marine cembranoid diterpene sarcophine (4). Structures were elucidated by comprehensive NMR and HRMS experimentation. Isolated compounds were in vitro assayed for cytotoxic activity against human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines.
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26
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Ellithey MS, Lall N, Hussein AA, Meyer D. Cytotoxic and HIV-1 enzyme inhibitory activities of Red Sea marine organisms. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:77. [PMID: 24568567 PMCID: PMC3939812 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Cancer and HIV/AIDS are two of the greatest public health and humanitarian challenges facing the world today. Infection with HIV not only weakens the immune system leading to AIDS and increasing the risk of opportunistic infections, but also increases the risk of several types of cancer. The enormous biodiversity of marine habitats is mirrored by the molecular diversity of secondary metabolites found in marine animals, plants and microbes which is why this work was designed to assess the anti-HIV and cytotoxic activities of some marine organisms of the Red Sea. Methods The lipophilic fractions of methanolic extracts of thirteen marine organisms collected from the Red Sea (Egypt) were screened for cytotoxicity against two human cancer cell lines; leukaemia (U937) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) were used as normal non-malignant control cells. The extracts were also tested for their inhibitory activity against HIV-1 enzymes, reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR). Results Cytotoxicity results showed strong activity of the Cnidarian Litophyton arboreum against U-937 (IC50; 6.5 μg/ml ±2.3) with a selectivity index (SI) of 6.45, while the Cnidarian Sarcophyton trochliophorum showed strong activity against HeLa cells (IC50; 5.2 μg/ml ±1.2) with an SI of 2.09. Other species showed moderate to weak cytotoxicity against both cell lines. Two extracts showed potent inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease; these were the Cnidarian jelly fish Cassiopia andromeda (IC50; 0.84 μg/ml ±0.05) and the red algae Galaxura filamentosa (2.6 μg/ml ±1.29). It is interesting to note that the most active extracts against HIV-1 PR, C. andromeda and G. filamentosa showed no cytotoxicity in the three cell lines at the highest concentration tested (100 μg/ml). Conclusion The strong cytotoxicity of the soft corals L. arboreum and S. trochliophorum as well as the anti-PR activity of the jelly fish C. andromeda and the red algae G. filamentosa suggests the medicinal potential of crude extracts of these marine organisms.
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27
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Wang B, Wang L, Li Y, Liu Y. Heterocyclic terpenes: linear furano- and pyrroloterpenoids. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra48040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review of furano- and pyrroloterpenoids covers the literature, 180 articles in all, published from January 2006 to December 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Shajing Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Lishu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou, China
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences
| | - Yinglei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou, China
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences
| | - Yonghong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou, China
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Ellithey MS, Lall N, Hussein AA, Meyer D. Cytotoxic, cytostatic and HIV-1 PR inhibitory activities of the soft coral Litophyton arboreum. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4917-36. [PMID: 24336129 PMCID: PMC3877894 DOI: 10.3390/md11124917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation using different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques in the analysis of the Red Sea soft coral Litophyton arboreum led to the isolation of nine compounds; sarcophytol M (1), alismol (2), 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-diene-3β-ol (3), 10-O-methyl alismoxide (4), alismoxide (5), (S)-chimyl alcohol (6), 7β-acetoxy-24-methylcholesta-5-24(28)-diene-3,19-diol (7), erythro-N-dodecanoyl-docosasphinga-(4E,8E)-dienine (8), and 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-diene-3β,7β,19-triol (9). Some of the isolated compounds demonstrated potent cytotoxic- and/or cytostatic activity against HeLa and U937 cancer cell lines and inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease (PR). Compound 7 was strongly cytotoxic against HeLa cells (CC50 4.3 ± 0.75 µM), with selectivity index of SI 8.1, which was confirmed by real time cell electronic sensing (RT-CES). Compounds 2, 7, and 8 showed strong inhibitory activity against HIV-1 PR at IC50s of 7.20 ± 0.7, 4.85 ± 0.18, and 4.80 ± 0.92 µM respectively. In silico docking of most compounds presented comparable scores to that of acetyl pepstatin, a known HIV-1 PR inhibitor. Interestingly, compound 8 showed potent HIV-1 PR inhibitory activity in the absence of cytotoxicity against the cell lines used. In addition, compounds 2 and 5 demonstrated cytostatic action in HeLa cells, revealing potential use in virostatic cocktails. Taken together, data presented here suggest Litophyton arboreum to contain promising compounds for further investigation against the diseases mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S. Ellithey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; E-Mail:
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; E-Mail:
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Belleville 7535, South Africa; E-Mail:
| | - Debra Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +27-12-420-2300; Fax: +27-12-362-5302
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Cao F, Zhou J, Xu KX, Zhang MQ, Wang CY. New Cembranoid Diterpene from the South China Sea Soft Coral Sarcophyton sp. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One new oxygenated cembranoid diterpene, named sarcophytol W (1), along with six known analogues (2–7) were isolated from a soft coral Sarcophyton sp. collected from the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with previously reported data. The absolute configuration of 1 was assigned on the basis of the absolute configuration of the related congener 2, which was determined by application of the modified Mosher's method. All the compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifouling activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kai-Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Meng-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Abstract
Covering: 2010. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2011, 28, 196. This review covers the literature published in 2010 for marine natural products, with 895 citations (590 for the period January to December 2010) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1003 for 2010), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Iwagawa T, Kusatsu D, Tsuha K, Hamada T, Okamura H, Furukawa T, Akiyama SI, Doe M, Morimoto Y, Iwase F, Takemura K. Cytotoxic Eunicellin-Type Diterpenes from the Soft Coral Litophyton viscudium. HETEROCYCLES 2011. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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