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Homolak J, Varvaras K, Sciacca V, Babic Perhoc A, Virag D, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Salkovic-Petrisic M. Insights into Gastrointestinal Redox Dysregulation in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease and the Assessment of the Protective Potential of D-Galactose. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11288-11304. [PMID: 38496956 PMCID: PMC10938400 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the gut plays a vital role in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by triggering systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. The well-established rat model of AD, induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (STZ-icv), provides valuable insights into the GI implications of neurodegeneration. Notably, this model leads to pathophysiological changes in the gut, including redox dyshomeostasis, resulting from central neuropathology. Our study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying gut redox dyshomeostasis and assess the effects of D-galactose, which is known to benefit gut redox homeostasis and alleviate cognitive deficits in this model. Duodenal rings isolated from STZ-icv animals and control groups were subjected to a prooxidative environment using 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) or H2O2 with or without D-galactose in oxygenated Krebs buffer ex vivo. Redox homeostasis was analyzed through protein microarrays and functional biochemical assays alongside cell survival assessment. Structural equation modeling and univariate and multivariate models were employed to evaluate the differential response of STZ-icv and control samples to the controlled prooxidative challenge. STZ-icv samples showed suppressed expression of catalase and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and increased baseline activity of enzymes involved in H2O2 and superoxide homeostasis. The altered redox homeostasis status was associated with an inability to respond to oxidative challenges and D-galactose. Conversely, the presence of D-galactose increased the antioxidant capacity, enhanced catalase and peroxidase activity, and upregulated superoxide dismutases in the control samples. STZ-icv-induced gut dysfunction is characterized by a diminished ability of the redox regulatory system to maintain long-term protection through the transcription of antioxidant response genes as well as compromised activation of enzymes responsible for immediate antioxidant defense. D-galactose can exert beneficial effects on gut redox homeostasis under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Interfaculty
Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Varvaras
- Department
of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vittorio Sciacca
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Virag
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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2
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Homolak J, De Busscher J, Zambrano-Lucio M, Joja M, Virag D, Babic Perhoc A, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Salkovic-Petrisic M. Altered Secretion, Constitution, and Functional Properties of the Gastrointestinal Mucus in a Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2667-2682. [PMID: 37477640 PMCID: PMC10401635 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) system is affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, it is currently unknown whether GI alterations arise as a consequence of central nervous system (CNS) pathology or play a causal role in the pathogenesis. GI mucus is a possible mediator of GI dyshomeostasis in neurological disorders as the CNS controls mucus production and secretion via the efferent arm of the brain-gut axis. The aim was to use a brain-first model of sporadic AD induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (STZ-icv; 3 mg/kg) to dissect the efferent (i.e., brain-to-gut) effects of isolated central neuropathology on the GI mucus. Morphometric analysis of goblet cell mucigen granules revealed altered GI mucus secretion in the AD model, possibly mediated by the insensitivity of AD goblet cells to neurally evoked mucosal secretion confirmed by ex vivo cholinergic stimulation of isolated duodenal rings. The dysfunctional efferent control of the GI mucus secretion results in altered biochemical composition of the mucus associated with reduced mucin glycoprotein content, aggregation, and binding capacity in vitro. Finally, functional consequences of the reduced barrier-forming capacity of the mucin-deficient AD mucus are demonstrated using the in vitro two-compartment caffeine diffusion interference model. Isolated central AD-like neuropathology results in the loss of efferent control of GI homeostasis via the brain-gut axis and is characterized by the insensitivity to neurally evoked mucosal secretion, altered mucus constitution with reduced mucin content, and reduced barrier-forming capacity, potentially increasing the susceptibility of the STZ-icv rat model of AD to GI and systemic inflammation induced by intraluminal toxins, microorganisms, and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University
of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Miguel Zambrano-Lucio
- School
of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo
Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
| | - Mihovil Joja
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department
of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute
of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty
of
Science, Technology and Medicine, University
of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Davor Virag
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University
of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University
of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University
of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University
of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University
of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Enhancement of Antioxidant and Hydrophobic Properties of Alginate via Aromatic Derivatization: Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152575. [PMID: 34372178 PMCID: PMC8347354 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The preparation of bioactive polymeric molecules requires the attention of scientists as it has a potential function in biomedical applications. In the current study, functional substitution of alginate with a benzoyl group was prepared via coupling its hydroxyl group with benzoyl chloride. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the characteristic peaks of aromatic C=C in alginate derivative at 1431 cm−1. HNMR analysis demonstrated the aromatic protons at 7.5 ppm assigned to benzoyl groups attached to alginate hydroxyl groups. Wetting analysis showed a decrease in hydrophilicity in the new alginate derivative. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the designed aromatic alginate derivative demonstrated higher thermo-stability than alginates. The aromatic alginate derivative displayed high anti-inflammatory properties compared to alginate. Finally, the in vitro antioxidant evaluation of the aromatic alginate derivative showed a significant increase in free radical scavenging activity compared to neat alginate against DPPH (2,2-diphenyll-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS free radicals. The obtained results proposed that the new alginate derivative could be employed for gene and drug delivery applications.
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Ankamah E, Sebag J, Ng E, Nolan JM. Vitreous Antioxidants, Degeneration, and Vitreo-Retinopathy: Exploring the Links. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010007. [PMID: 31861871 PMCID: PMC7022282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transparent vitreous body, which occupies about 80% of the eye’s volume, is laden with numerous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants that could protect the eye from oxidative stress and disease. Aging is associated with degeneration of vitreous structure as well as a reduction in its antioxidant capacity. A growing body of evidence suggests these age-related changes may be the precursor of numerous oxidative stress-induced vitreo-retinopathies, including vision degrading myodesopsia, the clinically significant entoptic phenomena that can result from advanced vitreous degeneration. Adequate intravitreal antioxidant levels may be protective against vitreous degeneration, possibly preventing and even improving vision degrading myodesopsia as well as mitigating various other vitreo-retinopathies. The present article is, therefore, a review of the different antioxidant molecules within vitreous and the inter-relationships between vitreous antioxidant capacity and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ankamah
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Co., X91 K236 Waterford, Ireland;
- Institute of Eye Surgery, UPMC Whitfield, Buttlerstown, Co., X91 DH9W Waterford, Ireland
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (J.M.N.)
| | - J. Sebag
- VMR Consulting Inc., Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA;
| | - Eugene Ng
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Co., X91 K236 Waterford, Ireland;
- Institute of Eye Surgery, UPMC Whitfield, Buttlerstown, Co., X91 DH9W Waterford, Ireland
| | - John M. Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Co., X91 K236 Waterford, Ireland;
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (J.M.N.)
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Zhu Z, Shi Z, Xie C, Gong W, Hu Z, Peng Y. A novel mechanism of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) protecting human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against H 2O 2-induced oxidative injury. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 217:68-75. [PMID: 30500452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell damage is related to many vascular diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. Herein, H2O2-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury model was used to explore the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ROS-induced oxidative stress and cell dysfunction. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a naturally occurring four-carbon non-protein amino acid, has antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory action. In the present study, we demonstrated that GABA could scavenge free radicals including DPPH and ABTS, reverse H2O2-induced suppression on HUVEC proliferation, HUVEC apoptosis and ROS formation via p65 signaling. Interestingly, GABA treatment alone did not cause significant changes in p65 phosphorylation, suggesting that GABA will not cause imbalance in NF-κB signaling and ROS formation without oxidative stress. Moreover, GABA also modulated Keap1-Nrf2 and Notch signaling pathways upon H2O2 stimulation, suggesting that GABA may exert its effect via multi mechanisms. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that GABA inhibits H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs via inhibiting ROS-induced NF-κB and Caspase 3 pathway activation. GABA may, therefore, have potential as a pharmacological agent in the prevention or treatment of oxidative injury-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuohua Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Zhigang Shi
- Huayuan Tianle Fu Agriculture Technology Co. Ltd., China
| | - Chunliang Xie
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Wenbing Gong
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Zhenxiu Hu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Yuande Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
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6
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Determination of antioxidant capacity of thiol-containing compounds by electron spin resonance spectroscopy based on Cu 2+ ion reduction. Talanta 2018; 184:23-28. [PMID: 29674037 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron spin resonance spectroscopy was applied to determining the antioxidant capacity of eight thiol-containing compounds, including reduced glutathione, N-acetyl-L-cycsteine, methimazole, captopril, and tiopronin with one thiol group, 1,4-dithioerythritol and 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol with two thiol groups, as well as L-cystine with no free thiol group. Cu2+ ion gives an electron spin resonance signal and is reduced to Cu+ ion with no electron spin resonance signal by the free thiol group in the compounds. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was used to evaluate the reducing ability of the thiol-containing compounds and the TEAC values were found to be relevant to the number of thiol groups contained in the compounds. For the purpose of comparison, the UV-vis spectrophotometry, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method, and Ellman assay were applied to the determination of the antioxidant capacity of the thiol-containing compounds. The TEAC values obtained by the present method were very close to those obtained by UV-vis method. However, compared with CUPRAC method, for methimazole the present method gave a more reasonable TEAC value. The present method was also applied to the quantification of N-acetyl-L-cycsteine, methimazole, captopril, and tiopronin in their pharmaceutical formulations.
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Liang Y, Lin Q, Huang P, Wang Y, Li J, Zhang L, Cao J. Rice Bioactive Peptide Binding with TLR4 To Overcome H 2O 2-Induced Injury in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells through NF-κB Signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:440-448. [PMID: 29276944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species-induced vessel endothelium injury is crucial in cardiovascular diseases progression. Rice-derived bran bioactive peptides (RBAP) might exert antioxidant effect through unknown mechanisms. Herein, we validated the antioxidant effect and mechanism of RBAP on H2O2-induced oxidative injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Here, HUVECs were treated with RBAP under H2O2 stimulation; the effects of RBAP on HUVECs oxidative injury were evaluated. H2O2 injury-induced cell morphology changes were ameliorated by RBAP. The effect of H2O2- on HUVEC apoptosis (percentage of apoptotic cell: 38.00 ± 2.00 in H2O2 group vs 21.07 ± 2.06 in RBAP + H2O2 group, P = 0.0013 compared to H2O2 group), the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 (relative protein expression: 2.90 ± 0.10 in H2O2 group vs 1.82 ± 0.09 in RBAP + H2O2 group, P < 0.0001 compared to H2O2 group) and p-p65 (relative protein expression: 1.86 ± 0.09 in H2O2 group vs 1.35 ± 0.08 in RBAP + H2O2 group, P < 0.0001 compared to H2O2 group) could be attenuated by RBAP. RBAP exerts its protective function through binding with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Taken together, RBAP protects HUVECs against H2O2-induced oxidant injury, which provided the theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of rice deep processing and exploitation of functional peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing and ‡College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha 410004, Hunan China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing and ‡College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha 410004, Hunan China
| | - Ping Huang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing and ‡College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha 410004, Hunan China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing and ‡College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha 410004, Hunan China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing and ‡College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha 410004, Hunan China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing and ‡College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha 410004, Hunan China
| | - Jianzhong Cao
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing and ‡College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha 410004, Hunan China
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Tamer TM, Hassan MA, Omer AM, Valachová K, Eldin MSM, Collins MN, Šoltés L. Antibacterial and antioxidative activity of O-amine functionalized chitosan. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 169:441-450. [PMID: 28504167 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde was immobilized to O-amine functionalized chitosan via a coupling reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed N-cinnamyl substitution. Wetting analyses demonstrate more hydrophobicity in the N-cinnamyl substituted O-amine functionalized chitosan compared to chitosan or unsubstituted O-amine functionalized chitosan. Thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrates that the prepared N-cinnamyl substituted O-amine functionalized chitosan exhibits higher thermostability than unmodified chitosan at temperatures in which polysaccharides are commonly stored and utilised. The N-cinnamyl substituted O-amine functionalized chitosan, against four different bacteria strains [two gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and two gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa)], displays promotion of inhibition activity against these bacterial strains. Finally, the antioxidative activity of the N-cinnamyl substituted O-amine functionalized chitosan was compared with those activities of chitosan and O-amine functionalized chitosan. This was evaluated by uninhibited and inhibited hyaluronan degradation and ABTS assay. The N-cinnamyl substituted O-amine functionalized chitosan shows a lower activity towards donating a hydrogen radical compared to chitosan or O-amine functionalized chitosan. On the other hand, the N-cinnamyl substituted O-amine functionalized chitosan exhibited a higher ability to scavenge the ABTS+ cation radical compared to chitosan and O-amine functionalized chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M Tamer
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technologies and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City Alexandria, Egypt; Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry of Drugs, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mohamed A Hassan
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Omer
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technologies and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Katarína Valachová
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry of Drugs, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mohamed S Mohy Eldin
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technologies and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City Alexandria, Egypt; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Osfan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maurice N Collins
- Stokes Laboratories, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ladislav Šoltés
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry of Drugs, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Valachová K, Baňasová M, Topoľská D, Sasinková V, Juránek I, Collins MN, Šoltés L. Influence of tiopronin, captopril and levamisole therapeutics on the oxidative degradation of hyaluronan. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:516-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Žemlička L, Fodran P, Lukeš V, Vagánek A, Slováková M, Staško A, Dubaj T, Liptaj T, Karabín M, Birošová L, Rapta P. Physicochemical and biological properties of luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (cynaroside) isolated from Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tamer TM. Hyaluronan and synovial joint: function, distribution and healing. Interdiscip Toxicol 2013; 6:111-25. [PMID: 24678248 PMCID: PMC3967437 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2013-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial fluid is a viscous solution found in the cavities of synovial joints. The principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilages of synovial joints during movement. The presence of high molar mass hyaluronan (HA) in this fluid gives it the required viscosity for its function as lubricant solution. Inflammation oxidation stress enhances normal degradation of hyaluronan causing several diseases related to joints. This review describes hyaluronan properties and distribution, applications and its function in synovial joints, with short review for using thiol compounds as antioxidants preventing HA degradations under inflammation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Mahmoud Tamer
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technologies and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry of Drugs, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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12
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Hrabárová E, Valachová K, Juránek I, Soltés L. Free-radical degradation of high-molar-mass hyaluronan induced by ascorbate plus cupric ions: evaluation of antioxidative effect of cysteine-derived compounds. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:309-17. [PMID: 22344907 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Based on our previous findings, the present study has focused on free-radical-mediated degradation of the synovial biopolymer hyaluronan. The degradation was induced in vitro by the Weissberger's system comprising ascorbate plus cupric ions in the presence of oxygen, representing a model of the early phase of acute synovial joint inflammation. The study presents a novel strategy for hyaluronan protection against oxidative degradation with the use of cysteine-derived compounds. In particular, the work objectives were to evaluate potential protective effects of reduced form of L-glutathione, L-cysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and cysteamine, against free-oxygen-radical-mediated degradation of high-molar-mass hyaluronan in vitro. The hyaluronan degradation was influenced by variable activity of the tested thiol compounds, also in dependence of their concentration applied. It was found that L-glutathione exhibited the most significant protective and chain-breaking antioxidative effect against the hyaluronan degradation. Thiol antioxidative activity, in general, can be influenced by many factors such as various molecule geometry, type of functional groups, radical attack accessibility, redox potential, thiol concentration and pK(a), pH, ionic strength of solution, as well as different ability to interact with transition metals. Antioxidative activity was found to decrease in the following order: L-glutathione, cysteamine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and L-cysteine. These findings might be beneficial in future development of potential drugs in the treatment of synovial hyaluronan depletion-derived diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hrabárová
- Department of Carbohydrate Enzymology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84538 Bratislava.
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Valachová K, Vargová A, Rapta P, Hrabárová E, Dráfi F, Bauerová K, Juránek I, Soltés L. Aurothiomalate as preventive and chain-breaking antioxidant in radical degradation of high-molar-mass hyaluronan. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:1274-83. [PMID: 21766448 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The potential anti- or pro-oxidative effects of a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, aurothiomalate, to protect high-molar-mass hyaluronan against radical degradation were investigated along with L-glutathione - tested in similar functions. Hyaluronan degradation was induced by the oxidative system Cu(II) plus ascorbate known as the Weissberger's oxidative system. The time- and dose-dependent changes of the dynamic viscosity of the hyaluronan solutions were studied by the method of rotational viscometry. Additionally, the antioxidative activity of aurothiomalate expressed as a radical-scavenging capacity based on a decolorization 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay was inspected. At the higher concentrations tested, L-glutathione showed excellent scavenging of (.) OH and peroxyl-type radicals, however, at the lowest concentration applied, its pro-oxidative effect was revealed. The effects of aurothiomalate on hyaluronan degradation were similar to that of L-glutathione, however, at the lowest concentration tested, no significant pro-oxidant effect was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Valachová
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84104, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Gorinstein S, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M, Najman K, Bielecki W, Ham KS, Kang SG, Paredes-Lopez O, Martinez-Ayala AL, Trakhtenberg S. Aorta and liver changes in rats fed cholesterol-containing and raw vegetable-supplemented diets: experiments in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:7441-7451. [PMID: 21615122 DOI: 10.1021/jf201524h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to compare the liver and aorta changes in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets and the possible improvement when diets would be supplemented with frequently used raw vegetables. The phenolic compounds of three vegetables in methanol-water (1:1) fraction were characterized using electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS). Results showed that the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, quercetin, flavanols, tannins, and ascorbic acid varied for garlic and white and red onions ranging from 6.68 to 18.08 mg GAE/g DW, 490.4-701.0 μg CE/g DW, 281.2-1100.0 μg, 32.40-41.30 μg CE/g DW, 2.88-3.12 mg CE/g DW, 1.87-2.33 mg AA/g DW, 1388.2-1442.3 μg CGE/g DW, respectively. The radical scavenging capacities (μM TE/g DW) for the same investigated vegetables for ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and DPPH assays ranged from 48.78 to 92.42, 9.41-28.56, 3.06-10.41, and 6.49-23.42, respectively. Good correlations were observed between the phenolic contents and the radical scavenging capacities of the vegetables. The interaction between BSA and quercetin, BSA and garlic and onions extracts was measured by 3-dimensional fluorescence (3D-FL) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The highest polyphenol content was found in methanol/water fraction of onions and garlic; therefore, for the investigation of in vitro interactions with BSA only polyphenols of this fraction were used. For in vivo studies, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups each of 6 and named Control, Chol, Chol/Garlic, Chol/OnionRed, and Chol/OnionWhite. During 6 weeks, the rats of all 5 groups were fed a basal diet (BD). The rats of the Control group were fed the BD only. The BD of the Chol group was supplemented with 10 g/kg of nonoxidized cholesterol (NOC). Each of the other three groups was supplemented with 10 g/kg of NOC and 500 mg of raw fresh garlic, 500 mg of raw fresh red onion, and 500 mg of raw fresh white onion on 1 kg of body weight for Chol/Garlic, Chol/OnionRed, and Chol/OnionWhite diet groups, respectively. In order to detect the changes in the liver and aorta, a histological procedure was applied, and the liver enzymes were determined and compared. It was found that the main changes vs the Control group were in the liver of rats fed the cholesterol-containing diet without vegetable supplementation. Significantly less histological changes in the liver and lower level of liver enzymes vs those of the Chol group were detected in rats of the Chol/Garlic group (P < 0.05). The interaction between the polyphenol extract of garlic and BSA in vitro showed its strong ability comparable with that of quercetin to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA. In conclusion, all studied vegetables showed protective effects, but raw garlic supplemented with cholesterol-containing diets significantly prevented the aorta and liver damages of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shela Gorinstein
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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