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Yang Z, Chan KW, Abu Bakar MZ, Deng X. Unveiling Drimenol: A Phytochemical with Multifaceted Bioactivities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2492. [PMID: 39273976 PMCID: PMC11397239 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Drimenol, a phytochemical with a distinct odor is found in edible aromatic plants, such as Polygonum minus (known as kesum in Malaysia) and Drimys winteri. Recently, drimenol has received increasing attention owing to its diverse biological activities. This review offers the first extensive overview of drimenol, covering its sources, bioactivities, and derivatives. Notably, drimenol possesses a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antifungal, antibacterial, anti-insect, antiparasitic, cytotoxic, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. Moreover, some mechanisms of its activities, such as its antifungal effects against human mycoses and anticancer activities, have been investigated. However, there are still several crucial issues in the research on drimenol, such as the lack of experimental understanding of its pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and toxicity. By synthesizing current research findings, this review aims to present a holistic understanding of drimenol, paving the way for future studies and its potential utilization in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Yang
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Kim Wei Chan
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Md Zuki Abu Bakar
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Xi Deng
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Cartuche L, Vallejo C, Castillo E, Cumbicus N, Morocho V. Chemical Profiling of Drimys granadensis (Winteraceae) Essential Oil, and Their Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticholinesterase Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1806. [PMID: 38999646 PMCID: PMC11243853 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
A complete and comprehensive chemical and biological study of Drimys granadensis, a native Ecuadorian aromatic plant, was conducted. By conventional steam distillation from dried leaves, a yellowish, translucent essential oil (EO) with a density of 0.95 and a refractive index of 1.5090 was obtained. The EO was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) and an FID detector (GC/FID), respectively. Enantiomeric distribution was also carried out by GC/MS using a chiral selective column (diethyl tert-butylsilyl-BETA-cyclodextrin). The microdilution broth method was employed to assess the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the EO against a panel of opportunistic microorganisms. Antioxidant capacity was measured using diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals. Finally, the inhibitory potential of the EO against acetylcholinesterase was also valued. Sixty-four chemical compounds, constituting 93.27% of the total composition, were identified, with major components including γ-muurolene (10.63%), spathulenol (10.13%), sabinene (5.52%), and δ-cadinene (4.22%). The characteristic taxonomic marker of the Drimys genus, Drimenol, was detected at very low percentages (<2%). Two pairs of enantiomers ((1S,5R)-(+)-α-pinene/(1S,5S)-(-)-α-pinene; (1S,5R)-(+)-β-pinene/(1S,5S)-(-)-β-pinene) and one pure enantiomer (1R,4S)-(-)-camphene were identified. Regarding antimicrobial potency, the EO exhibited a significant moderate effect on Listeria monocytogenes with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 250 µg/mL, while with the remaining microorganisms, it exerted less potency, ranging from 500 to 2000 µg/mL. The EO displayed moderate effects against the ABTS radical with a half scavenging capacity of 210.48 µg/mL and no effect against the DPPH radical. The most notable effect was noticed for acetylcholinesterase, with a half inhibition concentration (IC50) of 63.88 ± 1.03 µg/mL. These antiradical and anticholinesterase effects hint at potential pharmacological applications in Alzheimer's disease treatment, although the presence of safrole, albeit in low content (ca. 2%), could limit this opportunity. Further in vivo studies are necessary to fully understand their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cartuche
- Departamento de Química, Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle París s/n y Praga, Loja 110107, Ecuador
| | - Camila Vallejo
- Carrera de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle París s/n y Praga, Loja 110107, Ecuador
| | - Edison Castillo
- Carrera de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle París s/n y Praga, Loja 110107, Ecuador
| | - Nixon Cumbicus
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle París s/n y Praga, Loja 110107, Ecuador
| | - Vladimir Morocho
- Departamento de Química, Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle París s/n y Praga, Loja 110107, Ecuador
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Terpenoids from Litsea lancilimba Merr. and their chemotaxonomic significant. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Armijos C, Ramírez J, Vidari G. Poorly Investigated Ecuadorian Medicinal Plants. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121590. [PMID: 35736741 PMCID: PMC9229133 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ecuador has, in proportion of its size, one of the richest floras of Latin America and the world; the country also has an immense cultural heritage due to the presence of different ethnic groups that have implemented the use of many wild and cultivated plants, mainly as medicinal remedies. In a recent publication, we have summarized the results of research activities recently carried out on about 120 plants native to Ecuador, which includes the structures of non-volatile isolated compounds, as well as the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) and the in vitro tested biological activity data. For the sake of completeness, we have collected in this paper the main information obtained from recent ethnobotanical investigations on other important Ecuadorian medicinal plants for which phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies are, however, still largely lacking. Thus, one of the objectives of this paper is to preserve the traditional knowledge of Ecuadorian Indigenous communities which, being transmitted orally, is in danger of becoming lost. Moreover, it is our intention to stimulate more extensive studies on the rich medicinal flora of the country, which can provide economic and social benefits, especially to the people who traditionally cultivate or collect the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chabaco Armijos
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jorge Ramírez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
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Said MEA, Militello M, Saia S, Settanni L, Aleo A, Mammina C, Bombarda I, Vanloot P, Roussel C, Dupuy N. Artemisia arborescens Essential Oil Composition, Enantiomeric Distribution, and Antimicrobial Activity from Different Wild Populations from the Mediterranean Area. Chem Biodivers 2017; 13:1095-102. [PMID: 27447740 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aerial parts of Artemisia arborescens were collected from different sites of the Mediterranean area (southwestern Algeria and southern Italy) and the chemical composition of their essential oil (EO) extracted by hydrodistillation was studied by both gas chromatography (GC) equipped with an enantioselective capillary column and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The EOs obtained were tested against several Listeria monocytogenes strains. Using GC and GC/MS, 41 compounds were identified, accounting for 96.0 - 98.8% of the total EO. All EOs showed a similar terpene profile, which was rich in chamazulene, β-thujone, and camphor. However, the concentration of such compounds varied among the EOs. A. arborescens EO inhibited up to 83.3% of the L. monocytogenes strains, but the inhibitory spectrum varied among the EOs, with those from Algeria showing a higher inhibition degree than the Italian EOs. Such effect likely depended on the ketone (β-thujone + camphor) content of the EO. The differences in the EO composition support the hypothesis that A. arborescens has at least two different chemotypes: a β-thujone and a chamazulene type. The EO inhibitory spectrum indicates the A. arborescens EO as a valuable option in the control of the food-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El-Amin Said
- EA4672 LISA Equipe METICA, Aix-Marseille Université, Case 451, Av. Escadrille Normandie Niémen, FR-13397, Marseille Cedex 20
| | - Marcello Militello
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (SAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 4, IT-90128, Palermo.
| | - Sergio Saia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Cereal Research Centre (CREA-CER), S.S. 673 km 25,200, IT-71122, Foggia
| | - Luca Settanni
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (SAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 4, IT-90128, Palermo
| | - Aurora Aleo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, "G. D'Alessandro'', Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro, IT-90127, Palermo
| | - Caterina Mammina
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, "G. D'Alessandro'', Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro, IT-90127, Palermo
| | - Isabelle Bombarda
- EA4672 LISA Equipe METICA, Aix-Marseille Université, Case 451, Av. Escadrille Normandie Niémen, FR-13397, Marseille Cedex 20
| | - Pierre Vanloot
- EA4672 LISA Equipe METICA, Aix-Marseille Université, Case 451, Av. Escadrille Normandie Niémen, FR-13397, Marseille Cedex 20
| | - Christian Roussel
- Ecole Centrale, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, Aix-Marseille Université, FR-13397, Marseille Cedex 20
| | - Nathalie Dupuy
- EA4672 LISA Equipe METICA, Aix-Marseille Université, Case 451, Av. Escadrille Normandie Niémen, FR-13397, Marseille Cedex 20
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Srivastava N, Singh B, Chanda D, Shanker K. Chemical composition and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of Artemisia maderaspatana essential oil. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1677-1683. [PMID: 25885940 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.1001405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT To date, there are no reports to validate the Indian traditional and folklore claims of Artemisia maderaspatana L. (syn. Grangea maderaspatana L.) (Asteraceae) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE The present study characterizes the volatile components (non-polar compounds) of A. maderaspatana and evaluates its acetylcholinesterase inhibition potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS The essential oils (yield 0.06% v/w) were obtained from fresh aerial part of A. maderaspatana. The characterization of volatile components (non-polar compounds) was performed by GC-MS data and with those of reference compounds compiled in the spectral library of in-house database. The in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition of the volatile organic constituents (VOC's) of A. maderaspatana aerial part was evaluated in varying concentration ranges (0.70-44.75 µg/mL) with Ellman's method. RESULTS The major components were α-humulene (46.3%), β-caryophyllene (9.3%), α-copaene (8.2%), β-myrcene (4.3%), Z(E)-α-farnesene (3.7%), and calarene (3.5%). Chemical variability among other Artemisia spp. from different climatic regions of India and countries namely Iran and France was observed. The experimental results showed that diverse volatile organic constituents of A. maderaspatana have significant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (an IC50 value of 31.33 ± 1.03 µg/mL). This is the first report on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase properties of essential oil of A. maderaspatana obtained from fresh aerial part. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that essential oil of A. maderaspatana isolated from the northern region of India could inhibit AChE moderately. Therefore, the possibility of novel AChE inhibitors might exist in VOCs of this plant.
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Just J, Jordan TB, Paull B, Bissember AC, Smith JA. Practical isolation of polygodial from Tasmannia lanceolata: a viable scaffold for synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11200-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polygodial, was efficiently extracted and isolated in gram-scale quantities (3.3% w/w) from Tasmannia lanceolata (Tasmanian native pepper) using a pressurised hot water extraction (PHWE) technique that utilises an unmodified household espresso machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Just
- School of Physical Sciences – Chemistry
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart
- Australia
| | - Timothy B. Jordan
- School of Physical Sciences – Chemistry
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart
- Australia
- Analytical Sciences Tasmania
| | - Brett Paull
- School of Physical Sciences – Chemistry
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart
- Australia
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)
| | - Alex C. Bissember
- School of Physical Sciences – Chemistry
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart
- Australia
| | - Jason A. Smith
- School of Physical Sciences – Chemistry
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart
- Australia
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