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Nadon S, Leksawasdi N, Jantanasakulwong K, Rachtanapun P, Ruksiriwanich W, Sommano SR, Khaneghah AM, Castagnini JM, Barba FJ, Phimolsiripol Y. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties and GC-MS Chemical Compositions of Makwaen Pepper (Zanthoxylum myriacanthum) Extracted Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12112211. [PMID: 37299190 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to optimize pressure (10-20 MPa) and temperature (45-60 °C) conditions for supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of Makwaen pepper (Zanthoxylum myriacanthum) extract (ME) in comparison to conventional hydro-distillation extraction. Various quality parameters, including yield, total phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activities of the extracts, were assessed and optimized using a central composite design. The optimal SFE conditions were found to be 20 MPa at 60 °C, which resulted in the highest yield (19%) and a total phenolic compound content of 31.54 mg GAE/mL extract. IC50 values for DPPH and ABTS assays were determined to be 26.06 and 19.90 μg/mL extract, respectively. Overall, the ME obtained through SFE exhibited significantly better physicochemical and antioxidant properties compared to ME obtained through hydro-distillation extraction. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that beta-pinene was the major component in the ME obtained through SFE (23.10%), followed by d-limonene, alpha-pinene, and terpinen-4-ol at concentrations of 16.08, 7.47, and 6.34%, respectively. On the other hand, the hydro-distillation-extracted ME showed stronger antimicrobial properties than the SFE-extracted ME. These findings suggest that both SFE and hydro-distillation have the potential for extracting Makwaen pepper, depending on the intended purpose of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarut Nadon
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Noppol Leksawasdi
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Warintorn Ruksiriwanich
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, 16/21 Azadliq Ave, AZ1010 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Juan M Castagnini
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Yuthana Phimolsiripol
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Kokilananthan S, Bulugahapitiya VP, Manawadu H, Gangabadage CS. Investigations of chemical compositions and antioxidative potential of essential oils isolated from the leaves of two Garcinia species. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2023; 14:12-17. [PMID: 36950460 PMCID: PMC10026321 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_570_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia quaesita and Garcinia zeylanica are Sri Lankan endemic plants with significant therapeutic potential and numerous health-care applications. Despite this, there are no adequate literatures reported on the chemical compositions (CCs) and antioxidative potential (AP) of leaves' essential oils (EOs). The purpose of this study was to extract EOs from the leaves and investigate the CCs and AP of the extracted EOs. The hydro-distillation technique was used to extract the EOs, and the CCs of the EOs were identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Only those compounds that had a matching value of more than 90% were taken into consideration, and the AP of the extracted EOs was determined using the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Hydro-distillation process yielded EOs in the same quantity, 0.12% (v/w) on a fresh weight basis for two varieties. About 33 CCs that were found in the extracted EOs were mainly sesquiterpenes. The most prevalent substances in the EOs were copaene (19.39%), caryophyllene (12.94%), alloaromadendrene (12.12%), α-humulene (11.24%), and α-cubebene (9.38%). It is interesting to note that copaene and alloaromadendrene were only found in G. quaesita, whereas α-cubebene was only found in G. zeylanica. Caryophyllene and α-humulene were identified in both EOs at different concentrations. The EO from G. quaesita showed high AP, presenting FRAP values 274.74 ± 1.32 μL Trolox Eq/L. This study is recognized as being the first to examine the CCs and AP of EOs, and the results may inspire the creation of new uses and high-value leaf products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harshi Manawadu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
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Christaki S, Bouloumpasi E, Lalidou E, Chatzopoulou P, Irakli M. Bioactive Profile of Distilled Solid By-Products of Rosemary, Greek Sage and Spearmint as Affected by Distillation Methods. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36558189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
By-products of essential oils (EOs) in the industry represent an exploitable material for natural and safe antioxidant production. One representative group of such by-products is distilled solid residues, whose composition is properly modulated by the distillation method applied for the recovery of EOs. Recently, in terms of Green Chemistry principles, conventional extraction and distillation processes are considered outdated and tend to be replaced by more environmentally friendly ones. In the present study, microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) was employed as a novel and green method for the recovery of EOs from three aromatic plants (rosemary, Greek sage and spearmint). The method was compared to conventional ones, hydro-distillation (HD) and steam-distillation (SD), in terms of phytochemical composition of distilled solid residues, which was estimated by spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH and FRAP) results highlighted the distilled solid residues as good sources of antioxidants. Moreover, higher antioxidant activity was achieved for MAHD extracts of solid residues in comparison to HD and SD extracts. A metabolomics approach was carried out on the methanolic extracts of solid residues obtained by different distillation methods using LC-MS analysis followed by multivariate data analysis. A total of 29 specialized metabolites were detected, and 26 of them were identified and quantified, presenting a similar phenolic profile among different treatments, whereas differences were observed among different species. Rosmarinic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound in all extracts, being higher in MAHD extracts. In rosemary and Greek sage extracts, carnosol and carnosic acid were quantified in significant amounts, while trimers and tetramers of caffeic acid (salvianolic acids isomers) were identified and quantified in spearmint extracts, being higher in MAHD extracts. The obtained results pointed out that MAHD extracts of distilled solid by-products could be a good source of bioactives with potential application in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, contributing to the circular economy.
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Reda EH, Shakour ZTA, El-Halawany AM, El-Kashoury ESA, Shams KA, Mohamed TA, Saleh I, Elshamy AI, Atia MAM, El-Beih AA, Abdel-Azim NS, El-Seedi HR, Hegazy MEF. Comparative Study on the Essential Oils from Five Wild Egyptian Centaurea Species: Effective Extraction Techniques, Antimicrobial Activity and In-Silico Analyses. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:252. [PMID: 33802470 PMCID: PMC8000757 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Centaurea is recognized in folk medicine for anti-inflammatory, anti-itch, antitussive, purgative, astringent, and tonic activities. To study the chemical determinant for antimicrobial activity essential oils (EOs), five Centaurea species were analyzed including: C. scoparia, C. calcitrapa, C. glomerata, C. lipii and C. alexandrina. Conventional hydro-distillation (HD) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), as new green technologies, were compared for the extraction of essential oils. GC/MS analysis identified 120 EOs including mostly terpenoid except from C. lipii and C. alexandrina in which nonterpenoids were the major constituents. Major terpenoids included spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide and alloaromadendrene oxide-2. To probe antibacterial activity, potential EO inhibitors of a bacterial type II DNA topoisomerase, DNA gyrase B were screened via an in silico molecular docking approach. Spathulenol and alloaromadendrene oxide-2 possessed the best binding affinity in the ATP- binding pocket of Gyrase B enzyme. Principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering were used for sample classification and revealed that sesquiterpenes contributed the most for accessions classification. In vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger for all EOs were also evaluated. EOs from C. lipii, C. glomerata and C. calcitrapa exhibited significant MIC against S. aureus with an MIC value of 31.25 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman H. Reda
- Phytochemistry Laboratory, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12622, Egypt; (E.H.R.); (Z.T.A.S.)
| | - Zienab T. Abdel Shakour
- Phytochemistry Laboratory, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12622, Egypt; (E.H.R.); (Z.T.A.S.)
| | - Ali M. El-Halawany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | | | - Khaled A. Shams
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (K.A.S.); (T.A.M.); (I.S.); (N.S.A.-A.)
| | - Tarik A. Mohamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (K.A.S.); (T.A.M.); (I.S.); (N.S.A.-A.)
| | - Ibrahim Saleh
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (K.A.S.); (T.A.M.); (I.S.); (N.S.A.-A.)
| | - Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. M. Atia
- Molecular Genetics and Genome Mapping Laboratory, Genome Mapping Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. El-Beih
- Chemistry of Natural & Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Nahla S. Abdel-Azim
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (K.A.S.); (T.A.M.); (I.S.); (N.S.A.-A.)
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (K.A.S.); (T.A.M.); (I.S.); (N.S.A.-A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Peng Y, Bishop KS, Quek SY. Compositional Analysis and Aroma Evaluation of Feijoa Essential Oils from New Zealand Grown Cultivars. Molecules 2019; 24:E2053. [PMID: 31146480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Feijoa is an aromatic fruit and the essential oil from feijoa peel could be a valuable by-product in the juicing industry. An initial comparison of the essential oil extraction methods, steam-distillation and hydro-distillation, was conducted. The volatile compounds in the essential oils from four feijoa cultivars were identified and semi-quantified by GC-MS and the aroma active compounds in each essential oil were characterized using SPME-GC-O-MS. Hydro-distillation, with a material to water ratio of 1:4 and an extraction time of 90 min, was the optimized extraction method for feijoa essential oil. The Wiki Tu cultivar produced the highest essential oil yield among the four selected cultivars. A total of 160 compounds were detected, among which 90 compounds were reported for the first time in feijoa essential oils. Terpenes and esters were dominant compounds in feijoa essential oil composition and were also major contributors to feijoa essential oil aroma. Key aroma active compounds in feijoa essential oils were α-terpineol, ethyl benzoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl hexanoate, linalool, (E)-geraniol, 2-undecanone, 3-octanone, α-cubebene, and germacrene D. This is the first report on the optimization of the extraction method and the establishment of the aroma profile of feijoa essential oils, with a comparison of four New Zealand grown cultivars.
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Chenni M, El Abed D, Rakotomanomana N, Fernandez X, Chemat F. Comparative Study of Essential Oils Extracted from Egyptian Basil Leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) Using Hydro-Distillation and Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction. Molecules 2016; 21:E113. [PMID: 26797599 PMCID: PMC6273689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and conventional hydro-distillation (HD) were used for the extraction of essential oils (EOs) from Egyptian sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves. The two resulting EOs were compared with regards to their chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. The EO analyzed by GC and GC-MS, presented 65 compounds constituting 99.3% and 99.0% of the total oils obtained by SFME and HD, respectively. The main components of both oils were linalool (43.5% SFME; 48.4% HD), followed by methyl chavicol (13.3% SFME; 14.3% HD) and 1,8-cineole (6.8% SFME; 7.3% HD). Their antioxidant activity were studied with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging method. The heating conditions effect was evaluated by the determination of the Total Polar Materials (TPM) content. The antimicrobial activity was investigated against five microorganisms: two Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, two Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and one yeast, Candida albicans. Both EOs showed high antimicrobial, but weak antioxidant, activities. The results indicated that the SFME method may be a better alternative for the extraction of EO from O. basilicum since it could be considered as providing a richer source of natural antioxidants, as well as strong antimicrobial agents for food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Chenni
- Laboratoire de Chimie Fine, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, B.P. 1524, El M'Naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria.
| | - Douniazad El Abed
- Laboratoire de Chimie Fine, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, B.P. 1524, El M'Naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria.
| | - Njara Rakotomanomana
- GREEN Extraction Team, INRA, UMR 408, Université d'Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, Avignon 84000, France.
| | - Xavier Fernandez
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis/CNRS, Parc Valrose, Nice 06108, France.
| | - Farid Chemat
- GREEN Extraction Team, INRA, UMR 408, Université d'Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, Avignon 84000, France.
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Srivastava N, Singh B, Chanda D, Shanker K. Chemical composition and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of Artemisia maderaspatana essential oil. Pharm Biol 2015; 53:1677-1683. [PMID: 25885940 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.1001405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT To date, there are no reports to validate the Indian traditional and folklore claims of Artemisia maderaspatana L. (syn. Grangea maderaspatana L.) (Asteraceae) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE The present study characterizes the volatile components (non-polar compounds) of A. maderaspatana and evaluates its acetylcholinesterase inhibition potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS The essential oils (yield 0.06% v/w) were obtained from fresh aerial part of A. maderaspatana. The characterization of volatile components (non-polar compounds) was performed by GC-MS data and with those of reference compounds compiled in the spectral library of in-house database. The in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition of the volatile organic constituents (VOC's) of A. maderaspatana aerial part was evaluated in varying concentration ranges (0.70-44.75 µg/mL) with Ellman's method. RESULTS The major components were α-humulene (46.3%), β-caryophyllene (9.3%), α-copaene (8.2%), β-myrcene (4.3%), Z(E)-α-farnesene (3.7%), and calarene (3.5%). Chemical variability among other Artemisia spp. from different climatic regions of India and countries namely Iran and France was observed. The experimental results showed that diverse volatile organic constituents of A. maderaspatana have significant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (an IC50 value of 31.33 ± 1.03 µg/mL). This is the first report on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase properties of essential oil of A. maderaspatana obtained from fresh aerial part. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that essential oil of A. maderaspatana isolated from the northern region of India could inhibit AChE moderately. Therefore, the possibility of novel AChE inhibitors might exist in VOCs of this plant.
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Parveen Z, Nawaz S, Siddique S, Shahzad K. Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Curcuma longa L. Kasur Variety. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 75:117-22. [PMID: 23901173 PMCID: PMC3719142 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil from the leaves of Curcuma longa L. Kasur variety grown in Pakistan was extracted by hydro-distillation. Chemical constituents of the essential oil were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The chromatographic analysis of oil showed 25 constituents, out of which nine chemical constituents were identified. The eucalyptol (10.27%) was the major component of the essential oil. α-pinene (1.50%), β-phellandrene (2.49%), β-pinene (3.57%), limonene (2.73%), 1,3,8-p-menthatriene (1.76%), ascaridole epoxide (1.452%), 2-methylisoborneol (2.92%), 5-isopropyl-6-methyl-hepta-3, dien-2-ol (2.07%) were also present in considerable quantity. The antimicrobial properties of leaves of Curcuma longa were tested by disc diffusion method against various human pathogens, including eight fungal and five bacterial strains. Essential oil showed maximum resistance against Fusarium miniformes MAY 3629 followed by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 whereas; it exhibited least resistance against Fusarium oxysporium ATCC 48122. The results of the antimicrobial assay revealed that essential oil showed significant inhibitory activity against the tested organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Parveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - S. Nawaz
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - S. Siddique
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - K. Shahzad
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
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