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Zheng Y, Yang D, Yin X, Yang X, Chen M, Li X, Yang T, Strijk JS, Hinsinger DD, Yang Y, Kong X, Yang Y. The chromosome-level genome assembly of Cananga odorata provides insights into its evolution and terpenoid biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:2279-2294. [PMID: 39031984 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Cananga odorata is known as a natural perfume tree of the Annonaceae family in Magnoliales. However, its phylogenetic position and the molecular mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of the floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) remain unclear. Here, by combining a variety of sequencing platforms, we present a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome of C. odorata with 735.83 Mb, which represents the highest integrity and assembly quality of genome in magnoliid plants reported to date. Phylogenetic analysis based on multiple datasets and approaches showed that C. odorata, as a member of magnoliids, is sister to eudicots, after their divergence from monocots. Metabolomic of VOCs in the essential oil and flowers scent showed that sesquiterpenes, especially β-caryophyllene, were the major compounds. Two CoTPS21 homologues derived from tandem duplication events were highly expressed during flower development and were identified as the key sesquiterpene synthases for the production of β-caryophyllene. In addition, CoSPL3 and CoSPL9 were considered as potential transcription factors for activating the expression of CoTPS21 homologues. Our results shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of the unique floral fragrance in C. odorata and provide new insights into the phylogenetic position of magnoliids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Danni Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Xin Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Xingyu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Mingyue Chen
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Xieshengyang Li
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Tianyu Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Joeri Sergej Strijk
- Alliance for Conservation Tree Genomics, Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden, PO Box 959, Luang Prabang, 06000, Lao PDR
| | - Damien Daniel Hinsinger
- Alliance for Conservation Tree Genomics, Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden, PO Box 959, Luang Prabang, 06000, Lao PDR
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre INRAE Île-de-France Versailles-Saclay, EPGV, Evry, F-91057, France
| | - Yunqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Xiangxiang Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Prosche S, Stappen I. Flower Power: An Overview on Chemistry and Biological Impact of Selected Essential Oils from Blossoms. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:595-626. [PMID: 38843799 DOI: 10.1055/a-2215-2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Natural raw materials such as essential oils have received more and more attention in recent decades, whether in the food industry, as flavorings and preservatives, or as insecticides and insect repellents. They are, furthermore, very popular as fragrances in perfumes, cosmetics, and household products. In addition, aromatherapy is widely used to complement conventional medicine. This review summarizes investigations on the chemical composition and the most important biological impacts of essential oils and volatile compounds extracted from selected aromatic blossoms, including Lavandula angustifolia, Matricaria recutita, Rosa x damascena, Jasminum grandiflorum, Citrus x aurantium, Cananga odorata, and Michelia alba. The literature was collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Blossom essential oils discussed in this work are used in a wide variety of clinical issues. The application is consistently described as safe in studies and meta-analyses, although there are notes that using essential oils can also have side effects, especially dermatologically. However, it can be considered as confirmed that essential oils have positive influences on humans and can improve quality of life in patients with psychiatric disorders, critically ill patients, and patients in other exceptional situations. Although the positive effect of essential oils from blossoms has repeatedly been reported, evidence-based clinical investigations are still underrepresented, and the need for research is demanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinah Prosche
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris Stappen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
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Zhang N, Wang ST, Yao L. Inhalation of Cananga odorata essential oil relieves anxiety behaviors in autism-like rats via regulation of serotonin and dopamine metabolism. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 21:205-214. [PMID: 36792414 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anxiety is one of the most common symptoms associated with autistic spectrum disorder. The essential oil of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson, usually known as ylang-ylang oil (YYO), is often used in aromatherapy as a mood-regulating agent, sedative, or hypotensive agent. In the present study, the effects and mechanisms of YYO in alleviating anxiety, social and cognitive behaviors in autism-like rats were investigated. METHODS The prenatal valproic acid (VPA) model was used to induce autism-like behaviors in offspring rats. The effectiveness of prenatal sodium valproate treatment (600 mg/kg) on offspring was shown by postnatal growth observation, and negative geotaxis, olfactory discrimination and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Then three treatment groups were formed with varying exposure to atomized YYO to explore the effects of YYO on the anxiety, social and cognitive behaviors of the autistic-like offspring through the elevated plus-maze test, three-chamber social test, and MWM test. Finally, the monoamine neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine and their metabolites, in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the rats were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Offspring of VPA exposure rats showed autism-like behaviors. In the VPA offspring, medium-dose YYO exposure significantly elevated the time and entries into the open arms in the elevated plus-maze test, while low-dose YYO exposure significantly enhanced the social interaction time with the stranger rat in session 1 of the three-chamber social test. VPA offspring treated with YYO exposure used less time to reach the platform in the navigation test of the MWM test. YYO exposure significantly elevated the metabolism of serotonin and dopamine in the PFC of VPA offspring. CONCLUSION YYO exposure showed the effects in alleviating anxiety and improving cognitive and social abilities in the offspring of VPA exposure rats. The role of YYO was related to the regulation of the metabolism of serotonin and dopamine. Please cite this article as: Zhang N, Wang ST, Yao L. Inhalation of Cananga odorata essential oil relieves anxiety behaviors in autism-like rats via regulation of serotonin and dopamine metabolism. J Integr Med. 2023; Epub ahead of print.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Shu-Ting Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China.
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Gavilan NH, de Freitas Morel LJ, da Silva Coppede J, Taleb-Contini SH, de Castro França S, Bertoni BW, Pereira AMS. Genetic diversity and verbascoside content in natural populations of Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8617-8625. [PMID: 35867291 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers occurs in threatened biodiversity hotspots of Cerrado and Atlantic forest biomes in Brazil and is used in traditional medicine to treat various respiratory and skin diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS This study (i) examined the genetic diversity and structure of six natural populations of P. venusta from different Brazilian regions using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers; and (ii) compared the intra- and inter-populational levels of the bioactive component verbascoside using high-performance liquid chromatography. The population from Nova Mutum, Mato Grosso, presented the highest genetic variability (Nei index H = 0.2759; Shannon index I = 0.4170; 85.14% polymorphic loci), whereas the population from Araxá, Minas Gerais, presented the lowest genetic variability (H = 0.1811; I = 0.2820; 70.27% polymorphic loci). The intra-populational variability (79%) was significantly higher (p = 0.001) than the inter-populational variability (21%). The populations were clustered into two groups but their genetic differentiation was not associated with geographical origin (Mantel test, r = 0.328; p > 0.05). The verbascoside content significantly differed (p > 0.05) among the six populations and between the individuals from each population. The highest verbascoside levels (> 200 µg/mg extract) were detected in populations from Araxá and Serrana, while the lowest verbacoside levels were detected in populations from Paranaíta and Sinop. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the use of SRAP markers to analyze genetic variability in the family Bignoniaceae. Our findings shall help to better understand the genetic and chemical diversity of P. venusta populations, as well as provide useful information to select the most appropriate individuals to prepare phytomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Helena Gavilan
- Departamento de Horticultura, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas Junqueira de Freitas Morel
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Coppede
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Silvia Helena Taleb-Contini
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Suzelei de Castro França
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca Waléria Bertoni
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14096-900, Brazil.,Jardim Botânico de Plantas Medicinais Ordem e Progresso, Jardinópolis, São Paulo, 14680-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Soares Pereira
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14096-900, Brazil. .,Jardim Botânico de Plantas Medicinais Ordem e Progresso, Jardinópolis, São Paulo, 14680-000, Brazil.
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Sukkanon C, Nararak J, Bangs MJ, Chareonviriyaphap T. Cananga odorata (Magnoliales: Annonaceae) Essential Oil Produces Significant Avoidance Behavior in Mosquitoes. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:291-300. [PMID: 34516625 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Essential oil of Cananga odorata Hook. F. & Tomson is a source of insect repellent, but contact irritancy and noncontact repellency actions that stimulate insect's avoidance behavior (escape away from chemical source after direct physical contact or without making physical contact, respectively) have not been investigated. Therefore, an excito-repellency test chamber was used for measuring avoidance behavior of four insectary-reared mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) that escape from esposure to four concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% v/v) of C. odorata oil. The oil strongly repelled both Culex quinquefasciatus Say (85-97% escape) and Anopheles minimus Theobald (97-99%) at high concentrations (2.5-5.0%). For Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrison and Aedes aegypti (L.), highest repellency (64 and 39% escape, respectively) was demonstrated at 2.5% concentration. For contact irritancy, the oil produced relatively high percent escape found in Cx. quinquefasciatus (90-100% escape) and An. minimus (83-100%). Whereas moderate contact irritancy was observed against An. dirus (40-50% escape) and Ae. aegypti (51-59%). The percent escape was then adjusted with repellency to estimate the effect of contact irritancy alone. We found that highest contact irritancy was presented at 0.5% concentration against An. minimus (67% escape). Knockdown and toxic actions were only found in Anopheles mosquitoes at 5.0% concentration. The results revealed that An. minimus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were more prone to be repelled by C. odorata oil. Detailed analysis of oil identified primary compounds as methyl benzoate (14.6%), α-gurjunene (12.8%), p-methyl-anisole (11.3%), and benzyl acetate (9.9%). Further investigations are needed to assess excito-repellency actions of these compounds alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutipong Sukkanon
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jirod Nararak
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Michael J Bangs
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Public Health and Malaria Control Department, PT Freeport Indonesia/International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua 99920, Indonesia
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Influence of climate variation on phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of Medicago minima populations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8293. [PMID: 32427946 PMCID: PMC7237653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicago minima is a pasture legume that grows almost all over the world. In Tunisia, it occupies various climatic environments and is considered the most abundant annual Medicago plant. However, this species is unconsumed and unused by humans. This study aimed to explore the phytochemical characteristics of Medicago minima selected from different provenances in Tunisia and subsequently investigate the influence of environmental factors on their phenolic composition and antioxidant activity. Therefore, a calorimetric method and DPPH tests provided the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant potential in roots, stems, leaves and seeds. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified and quantified four phenolic acids and three flavonoids in the studied organs. Roots and leaves showed the greatest phenolic compound content and had high antioxidant activity. Rutin and syringic acid (leaves) represent a characteristic for this species. For each organ, principal component analysis of phenolic profiles showed that the root’s phenolic composition could be an indication of the plant adaptation to even small changes in its environments. Plants originating from a cold climate, higher altitude or semi-arid environment had the highest phenolic compound contents in their organs. Our findings provide useful information for the exploitation of the phenolic compounds in these weeds for the development of environmental sustainability.
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Antispasmodic Effect of Essential Oils and Their Constituents: A Review. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091675. [PMID: 31035694 PMCID: PMC6539827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The antispasmodic effect of drugs is used for the symptomatic treatment of cramping and discomfort affecting smooth muscles from the gastrointestinal, billiary or genitourinary tract in a variety of clinical situations.The existing synthetic antispasmodic drugs may cause a series of unpleasant side effects, and therefore the discovery of new molecules of natural origin is an important goal for the pharmaceutical industry. This review describes a series of recent studies investigating the antispasmodic effect of essential oils from 39 plant species belonging to 12 families. The pharmacological models used in the studies together with the mechanistic discussions and the chemical composition of the essential oils are also detailed. The data clearly demonstrate the antispasmodic effect of the essential oils from the aromatic plant species studied. Further research is needed in order to ascertain the therapeutic importance of these findings.
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Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Bioactivities of Cananga odorata (Ylang-Ylang). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:896314. [PMID: 26294929 PMCID: PMC4534619 DOI: 10.1155/2015/896314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata Hook. F. & Thomson) is one of the plants that are exploited at a large scale for its essential oil which is an important raw material for the fragrance industry. The essential oils extracted via steam distillation from the plant have been used mainly in cosmetic industry but also in food industry. Traditionally, C. odorata is used to treat malaria, stomach ailments, asthma, gout, and rheumatism. The essential oils or ylang-ylang oil is used in aromatherapy and is believed to be effective in treating depression, high blood pressure, and anxiety. Many phytochemical studies have identified the constituents present in the essential oils of C. odorata. A wide range of chemical compounds including monoterpene, sesquiterpenes, and phenylpropanoids have been isolated from this plant. Recent studies have shown a wide variety of bioactivities exhibited by the essential oils and the extracts of C. odorata including antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory, antivector, insect-repellent, antidiabetic, antifertility and antimelanogenesis activities. Thus, the present review summarizes the information concerning the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of C. odorata. This review is aimed at demonstrating that C. odorata not only is an important raw material for perfume industry but also considered as a prospective useful plant to agriculture and medicine.
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Jin J, Kim MJ, Dhandapani S, Tjhang JG, Yin JL, Wong L, Sarojam R, Chua NH, Jang IC. The floral transcriptome of ylang ylang (Cananga odorata var. fruticosa) uncovers biosynthetic pathways for volatile organic compounds and a multifunctional and novel sesquiterpene synthase. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3959-75. [PMID: 25956881 PMCID: PMC4473991 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The pleasant fragrance of ylang ylang varieties (Cananga odorata) is mainly due to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by the flowers. Floral scents are a key factor in plant-insect interactions and are vital for successful pollination. C. odorata var. fruticosa, or dwarf ylang ylang, is a variety of ylang ylang that is popularly grown in Southeast Asia as a small shrub with aromatic flowers. Here, we describe the combined use of bioinformatics and chemical analysis to discover genes for the VOC biosynthesis pathways and related genes. The scented flowers of C. odorata var. fruticosa were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and a total of 49 VOCs were identified at four different stages of flower development. The bulk of these VOCs were terpenes, mainly sesquiterpenes. To identify the various terpene synthases (TPSs) involved in the production of these essential oils, we performed RNA sequencing on mature flowers. From the RNA sequencing data, four full-length TPSs were functionally characterized. In vitro assays showed that two of these TPSs were mono-TPSs. CoTPS1 synthesized four products corresponding to β-thujene, sabinene, β-pinene, and α-terpinene from geranyl pyrophosphate and CoTPS4 produced geraniol from geranyl pyrophosphate. The other two TPSs were identified as sesqui-TPSs. CoTPS3 catalysed the conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate to α-bergamotene, whereas CoTPS2 was found to be a multifunctional and novel TPS that could catalyse the synthesis of three sesquiterpenes, β-ylangene, β-copaene, and β-cubebene. Additionally, the activities of the two sesqui-TPSs were confirmed in planta by transient expression of these TPS genes in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves by Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jin
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604 School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117417
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
| | - Savitha Dhandapani
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Jessica Gambino Tjhang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
| | - Jun-Lin Yin
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
| | - Limsoon Wong
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117417
| | - Rajani Sarojam
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
| | - Nam-Hai Chua
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - In-Cheol Jang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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Qin XW, Hao CY, He SZ, Wu G, Tan LH, Xu F, Hu RS. Volatile organic compound emissions from different stages of Cananga odorata flower development. Molecules 2014; 19:8965-80. [PMID: 24979401 PMCID: PMC6270805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19078965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the different flower development stages of Cananga odorata for the evaluation of floral volatile polymorphism as a basis to determine the best time of harvest. Electronic nose results, coupled with discriminant factor analysis, suggested that emitted odors varied in different C. odorata flower development stages, including the bud, display-petal, initial-flowering, full-flowering, end-flowering, wilted-flower, and dried flower stages. The first two discriminant factors explained 97.52% of total system variance. Ninety-two compounds were detected over the flower life, and the mean Bray–Curtis similarity value was 52.45% among different flower development stages. A high level of volatile polymorphism was observed during flower development. The VOCs were largely grouped as hydrocarbons, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, acids, ketones, and ethers, and the main compound was β-caryophyllene (15.05%–33.30%). Other identified compounds were β-cubebene, d-germacrene, benzyl benzoate, and α-cubebene. Moreover, large numbers of VOCs were detected at intermediate times of flower development, and more hydrocarbons, esters, and alcohols were identified in the full-flowering stage. The full-flowering stage may be the most suitable period for C. odorata flower harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Qin
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533, China.
| | - Chao-Yun Hao
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533, China.
| | - Shu-Zhen He
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533, China.
| | - Le-He Tan
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533, China.
| | - Rong-Suo Hu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533, China.
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Brokl M, Fauconnier ML, Benini C, Lognay G, du Jardin P, Focant JF. Improvement of ylang-ylang essential oil characterization by GC×GC-TOFMS. Molecules 2013; 18:1783-97. [PMID: 23364750 PMCID: PMC6270406 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18021783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A single fraction of essential oil can often contain hundreds of compounds. Despite of the technical improvements and the enhanced selectivity currently offered by the state-of-the-art gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) instruments, the complexity of essential oils is frequently underestimated. Comprehensive two-dimensional GC coupled to time-of-flight MS (GC×GC-TOFMS) was used to improve the chemical characterization of ylang-ylang essential oil fractions recently reported in a previous one-dimensional (1D) GC study. Based on both, the enhanced chromatographic separation and the mass spectral deconvolution, 161 individual compounds were identified and labeled as potentially characteristic analytes found in both low and high boiling fractions issued from distillation of mature ylang-ylang flowers. Compared to the most recent full GC-MS characterization, this represents 75 new compounds, essentially consisting of terpenes, terpenoid esters, and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Brokl
- Chemistry Department—CART, Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août B6c, Liège B-4000, Belgium; E-Mail:
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Plant Biology Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium; E-Mails: (M.-L.F.); (C.B.); (P.J.)
| | - Céline Benini
- Plant Biology Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium; E-Mails: (M.-L.F.); (C.B.); (P.J.)
| | - Georges Lognay
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory-CART, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des des Déportés 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium; E-Mail:
| | - Patrick du Jardin
- Plant Biology Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium; E-Mails: (M.-L.F.); (C.B.); (P.J.)
| | - Jean-François Focant
- Chemistry Department—CART, Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août B6c, Liège B-4000, Belgium; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +32-(0)-4-366-3531; Fax: +32-(0)-4-366-4387
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