1
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Xie DD, Song R, Cheng X, Zhang H, Wei YF, Gao F. From Intercalation to External Binding: Ru(II) Complexes with a Spiro Ligand for TAR RNA Selective Binding and HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12342-12349. [PMID: 38904258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
As a typical RNA virus, the genetic information on HIV-1 is entirely stored in RNA. The reverse transcription activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) plays a crucial role in the replication and transmission of the virus. Non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs) block the function of RT by binding to the RNA binding site on RT, with very few targeting viral RNA. In this study, by transforming planar conjugated ligands into a spiro structure, we convert classical Ru(II) DNA intercalators into a nonintercalator. This enables selective binding to HIV-1 transactivation response (TAR) RNA on the outer side of nucleic acids through dual interactions involving hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attraction, effectively inhibiting HIV-1 RT and serving as a selective fluorescence probe for TAR RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ran Song
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Fang Wei
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Guangzhou 511400, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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2
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Li XL, Wang MF, Zeng LZ, Li GK, Zhao RY, Liu FD, Li Y, Yan YF, Liu Q, Li Z, Zhang H, Ren X, Gao F. Bithiophene-Functionalized Infrared Two-Photon Absorption Metal Complexes as Single-Molecule Platforms for Synergistic Photodynamic, Photothermal, and Chemotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402028. [PMID: 38656658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A planar conjugated ligand functionalized with bithiophene and its Ru(II), Os(II), and Ir(III) complexes have been constructed as single-molecule platform for synergistic photodynamic, photothermal, and chemotherapy. The complexes have significant two-photon absorption at 808 nm and remarkable singlet oxygen and superoxide anion production in aqueous solution and cells when exposed to 808 nm infrared irradiation. The most potent Ru(II) complex Ru7 enters tumor cells via the rare macropinocytosis, locates in both nuclei and mitochondria, and regulates DNA-related chemotherapeutic mechanisms intranuclearly including DNA topoisomerase and RNA polymerase inhibition and their synergistic effects with photoactivated apoptosis, ferroptosis and DNA cleavage. Ru7 exhibits high efficacy in vivo for malignant melanoma and cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer tumors, with a 100 % survival rate of mice, low toxicity to normal cells and low residual rate. Such an infrared two-photon activatable metal complex may contribute to a new generation of single-molecule-based integrated diagnosis and treatment platform to address drug resistance in clinical practice and phototherapy for large, deeply located solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Kui Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Run-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Qishuai Liu
- Animal Research and Resource Center, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Li
- Animal Research and Resource Center, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Ren
- Animal Research and Resource Center, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
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3
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Steinke SJ, Dunbar MN, Amalfi Suarez MA, Turro C. Ru(II) Complexes with Absorption in the Photodynamic Therapy Window: 1O 2 Sensitization, DNA Binding, and Plasmid DNA Photocleavage. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11450-11458. [PMID: 38823006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Two Ru(II) complexes, [Ru(pydppn)(bim)(py)]2+ [2; pydppn = 3-(pyrid-2'-yl)-4,5,9,16-tetraaza-dibenzo[a,c]naphthacene; bim = 2,2'-bisimidazole; py = pyridine] and [Ru(pydppn)(Me4bim)(py)]2+ [3; Me4bim = 2,2'-bis(4,5-dimethylimidazole)], were synthesized and characterized, and their photophysical properties, DNA binding, and photocleavage were evaluated and compared to [Ru(pydppn)(bpy)(py)]2+ (1; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). Complexes 2 and 3 exhibit broad 1MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) transitions with maxima at ∼470 nm and shoulders at ∼525 and ∼600 nm that extend to ∼800 nm. These bands are red-shifted relative to those of 1, attributed to the π-donating ability of the bim and Me4bim ligands. A strong signal at 550 nm is observed in the transient absorption spectra of 1-3, previously assigned as arising from a pydppn-centered 3ππ* state, with lifetimes of ∼19 μs for 1 and 2 and ∼270 ns for 3. A number of methods were used to characterize the mode of binding of 1-3 to DNA, including absorption titrations, thermal denaturation, relative viscosity changes, and circular dichroism, all of which point to the intercalation of the pydpppn ligand between the nucleobases. The photocleavage of plasmid pUC19 DNA was observed upon the irradiation of 1-3 with visible and red light, attributed to the sensitized generation of 1O2 by the complexes. These findings indicate that the bim ligand, together with pydppn, serves to shift the absorption of Ru(II) complexes to the photodynamic therapy window, 600-900 nm, and also extend the excited state lifetimes for the efficient production of cytotoxic singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J Steinke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Marilyn N Dunbar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - M Agustina Amalfi Suarez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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4
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Li XL, Zeng LZ, Yang R, Bi XD, Zhang Y, Cui RB, Wu XX, Gao F. Iridium(III)-Based Infrared Two-Photon Photosensitizers: Systematic Regulation of Their Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16122-16130. [PMID: 37717260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes are of significant importance in the field of antitumor photodynamic therapy (PDT), whether they exist as single molecules or are incorporated into nanomaterials. Nevertheless, a comprehensive examination of the relationship between their molecular structure and PDT effectiveness remains awaited. The influencing factors of two-photon excited PDT can be anticipated to be further multiplied, particularly in relation to intricate nonlinear optical properties. At present, a comprehensive body of research on this topic is lacking, and few discernible patterns have been identified. In this study, through systematic structure regulation, the nitro-substituted styryl group and 1-phenylisoquinoline ligand containing YQ2 was found to be the most potent infrared two-photon excitable photosensitizer in a 4 × 3 combination library of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes. YQ2 could enter cells via an energy-dependent and caveolae-mediated pathway, bind specifically to mitochondria, produce 1O2 in response to 808 nm LPL irradiation, activate caspases, and induce apoptosis. In vitro, YQ2 displayed a remarkable phototherapy index for both malignant melanoma (>885) and non-small-cell lung cancer (>1234) based on these functions and was minimally deleterious to human normal liver and kidney cells. In in vivo antitumor phototherapy, YQ2 inhibited tumor growth by an impressive 85% and could be eliminated from the bodies of mice with a half-life as short as 43 h. This study has the potential to contribute significantly to the development of phototherapeutic drugs that are extremely effective in treating large, profoundly located solid tumors as well as the understanding of the structure-activity relationship of Ir(III)-based PSs in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Dan Bi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Bing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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5
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Milutinović MG, Milivojević NN, Đorđević NM, Nikodijević DD, Radisavljević SR, Đeković Kesić AS, Marković SD. Gold(III) Complexes with Phenanthroline-derivatives Ligands Induce Apoptosis in Human Colorectal and Breast Cancer Cell Lines. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:3215-3223. [PMID: 36162493 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to their promising effects, gold(III) complexes recently drew increasing attention in the design of new metal-based anticancer therapeutics. Two gold(III) complexes, square-planar [Au(DPP)Cl2]+ - Complex 1 and distorted square-pyramidal [Au(DMP)Cl3] - Complex 2 (where DPP=4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline and DMP=2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) were previously synthetized, described and approved as complexes with pronounced cytotoxic effects on colorectal HCT-116 and breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. This study investigated the type of cell death by AO/EB double staining, and identification of possible targets responsible for their cytotoxicity, monitored by immunofluorescence and qPCR methods. Both complexes induced apoptosis in all applied concentrations. In the HCT-116 cells apoptosis was activated by external apoptotic pathway, via increase of Fas receptor protein expression and Caspase 8 gene expression. Also, the mitochondrial pathway was triggered by affecting the Bcl-2 members of regulatory proteins and increased caspase 9 protein expression. In MDA-MB-231 cells, apoptosis was initiated from the mitochondria, due to disbalance between expressions of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and caspase 9 activation. Complex 1 shows better activity compared to Complex 2, which is in accordance with its structural characteristics. The results deal weighty data about proapoptotic activity of gold(III) complexes and highlighted potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena G Milutinović
- University of Kragujevac, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Nevena N Milivojević
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Natural Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena M Đorđević
- University of Kragujevac, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela D Nikodijević
- University of Kragujevac, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Snežana R Radisavljević
- University of Kragujevac, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ana S Đeković Kesić
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Natural Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Snežana D Marković
- University of Kragujevac, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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6
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Li W, Liu X, Tan LF. Binding properties of [Ru(phen)2(11-R-dppz)]2+ (R = F or CN) with poly(A)•poly(U) duplex RNA. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 232:111833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Wang MF, Deng YA, Li QF, Tang SJ, Yang R, Zhao RY, Liu FD, Ren X, Zhang D, Gao F. Dinuclear osmium complexes as mitochondrion-targeting antitumor photothermal agents in vivo. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12676-12679. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05230j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrion-targeting dinuclear osmium complexes with extremely high photothermal conversion capability under irradiation of an 808 nm low-power laser without nucleus affinity and photodynamic activity act as antitumor photothermal therapy agents in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Run-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Ren
- Animal Research and Resource Center, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
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8
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Hu X, Liu NY, Deng YQ, Wang S, Liu T, Liu XW. Photoinduced DNA Cleavage and Photocytotoxic of Phenanthroline-Based Ligand Ruthenium Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:3471. [PMID: 34200469 PMCID: PMC8201372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The photophysical and biological properties of two new phenanthroline-based ligand ruthenium complexes were investigated in detail. Their DNA interaction modes were determined to be the intercalation mode using spectra titration and viscosity measurements. Under irradiation, obvious photo-reduced DNA cleavages were observed in the two complexes via singlet oxygen generation. Furthermore, complex 2 showed higher DNA affinity, photocleavage activity, and singlet oxygen quantum yields than complex 1. The two complexes showed no toxicity towards tumor cells (HeLa, A549, and A375) in the dark. However, obvious photocytotoxicities were observed in the two complexes. Complex 2 exhibited large PIs (phototherapeutic indices) (ca. 400) towards HeLa cells. The study suggests that these complexes may act as DNA intercalators, DNA photocleavers, and photocytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for the Construction & Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China; (X.H.); (N.-Y.L.); (Y.-Q.D.); (S.W.); (T.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
- Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Electroplating Wastewater Reuse Technology, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Ning-Yi Liu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for the Construction & Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China; (X.H.); (N.-Y.L.); (Y.-Q.D.); (S.W.); (T.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
- Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Electroplating Wastewater Reuse Technology, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Deng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for the Construction & Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China; (X.H.); (N.-Y.L.); (Y.-Q.D.); (S.W.); (T.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
- Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Electroplating Wastewater Reuse Technology, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for the Construction & Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China; (X.H.); (N.-Y.L.); (Y.-Q.D.); (S.W.); (T.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
- Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Electroplating Wastewater Reuse Technology, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for the Construction & Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China; (X.H.); (N.-Y.L.); (Y.-Q.D.); (S.W.); (T.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
- Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Electroplating Wastewater Reuse Technology, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Xue-Wen Liu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for the Construction & Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China; (X.H.); (N.-Y.L.); (Y.-Q.D.); (S.W.); (T.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
- Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Electroplating Wastewater Reuse Technology, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
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9
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Li S, Zhao J, Wang X, Xu G, Gou S, Zhao Q. Design of a Tris-Heteroleptic Ru(II) Complex with Red-Light Excitation and Remarkably Improved Photobiological Activity. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11193-11204. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Li S, Xu G, Zhu Y, Zhao J, Gou S. Bifunctional ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes of curcumin as potential anticancer agents. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:9454-9463. [PMID: 32598409 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ru(ii)-polypyridyl complexes have been widely studied and well established for their antitumor properties. Modifications of the coordination environment around the Ru atom through a proper choice of the ligand can lead to different modes of action and result in greatly improved anticancer efficacy. Herein, two Ru(ii)-polypyridyl complexes of curcumin were synthesized and characterized as potential anticancer agents. In vitro tests indicated that complexes 1 and 2 displayed excellent antiproliferative activity against the tested cancer cell lines, especially complex 2, which exhibited superior cytotoxicity compared to curcumin and cisplatin. Further biological evaluations demonstrated that complexes 1 and 2 can cause cell apoptosis via DNA interaction and MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which is the first example of a Ru(ii)-polypyridyl complex inhibiting the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and DNA intercalation. Overall, this work suggests that coordination with bioactive agents may endow Ru(ii)-polypyridyl complexes with improved pharmaceutical properties and synergistic effects for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
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11
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Ruiz MC, Kljun J, Turel I, Di Virgilio AL, León IE. Comparative antitumor studies of organoruthenium complexes with 8-hydroxyquinolines on 2D and 3D cell models of bone, lung and breast cancer. Metallomics 2020; 11:666-675. [PMID: 30839008 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00369f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to screen the antitumor actions of two metal organoruthenium-8-hydroxyquinolinato (Ru-hq) complexes to find a potential novel agent for bone, lung and breast chemotherapies. We showed that ruthenium compounds (1 and 2) impaired the cell viability of human bone (MG-63), lung (A549) and breast (MCF7) cancer cells with greater selectivity and specificity than cisplatin. Besides, complexes 1 and 2 decreased proliferation, migration and invasion on cell monolayers at lower concentrations (2.5-10 μM). In addition, both compounds induced genotoxicity revealed by the micronucleus test, which led to G2/M cell cycle arrest and induced the tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. On the other hand, in multicellular 3D models (multicellular spheroids; MCS), 1 and 2 overcame CDDP presenting lower IC50 values only in MCS of lung origin. Moreover, 1 outperformed 2 in MCS of bone and breast origin. Finally, our findings revealed that both compounds inhibited the cell invasion of multicellular spheroids, showing that complex 1 exhibited the most important antimetastatic action. Taken together, these results indicate that compound 1 is an interesting candidate to be tested on in vivo models as a novel strategy for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Ruiz
- Inorganic Chemistry Center (CEQUINOR, CONICET), Exact School Sciences, National University of La Plata, Bv 120 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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12
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Marverti G, Gozzi G, Lauriola A, Ponterini G, Belluti S, Imbriano C, Costi MP, D’Arca D. The 1,10-Phenanthroline Ligand Enhances the Antiproliferative Activity of DNA-Intercalating Thiourea-Pd(II) and -Pt(II) Complexes Against Cisplatin-Sensitive and -Resistant Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6122. [PMID: 31817267 PMCID: PMC6969938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, often because of the frequent insurgence of chemoresistance to the drugs currently used. Thus, new therapeutical agents are needed. We tested the toxicity of 16 new DNA-intercalating agents to cisplatin (cDDP)-sensitive human ovarian carcinoma cell lines and their resistant counterparts. The compounds were the complexes of Pt(II) or Pd(II) with bipyridyl (bipy) and phenanthrolyl (phen) and with four different thiourea ancillary ligands. Within each of the four series of complexes characterized by the same thiourea ligand, the Pd(phen) drugs invariably showed the highest anti-proliferative efficacy. This paralleled both a higher intracellular drug accumulation and a more efficient DNA intercalation than all the other metal-bidentate ligand combinations. The consequent inhibition of topoisomerase II activity led to the greatest inhibition of DNA metabolism, evidenced by the inhibition of the expression of the folate cycle enzymes and a marked perturbation of cell-cycle distribution in both cell lines. These findings indicate that the particular interaction of Pd(II) with phenanthroline confers the best pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties that make this class of DNA intercalators remarkable inhibitors, even of the resistant cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Marverti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Gaia Gozzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Angela Lauriola
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Glauco Ponterini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/d, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.P.); (S.B.); (C.I.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Silvia Belluti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/d, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.P.); (S.B.); (C.I.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Carol Imbriano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/d, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.P.); (S.B.); (C.I.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Maria Paola Costi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/d, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.P.); (S.B.); (C.I.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Domenico D’Arca
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.)
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13
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Ma GL, Bi XD, Gao F, Feng Z, Zhao DC, Lin FJ, Yan R, Liu D, Liu P, Chen J, Zhang H. Novel polypyridyl ruthenium complexes acting as high affinity DNA intercalators, potent transcription inhibitors and antitumor reagents. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 185:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Hu W, Huang XS, Wu JF, Yang L, Zheng YT, Shen YM, Li ZY, Li X. Discovery of Novel Topoisomerase II Inhibitors by Medicinal Chemistry Approaches. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8947-8980. [PMID: 29870668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, 250100 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Sheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Science and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Ji-Feng Wu
- Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Ji’nan Public Security Bureau, 21 South QiliShan Road, 250000 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Liang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Science and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yue-Mao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xun Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
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15
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Novel ruthenium azo-quinoline complexes with enhanced photonuclease activity in human cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:1016-1029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Wachter E, Moyá D, Glazer EC. Combining a Ru(II) "Building Block" and Rapid Screening Approach to Identify DNA Structure-Selective "Light Switch" Compounds. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2017; 19:85-95. [PMID: 28029775 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A chemically reactive Ru(II) "building block", able to undergo condensation reactions with substituted diamines, was utilized to create a small library of luminescent "light switch" dipyrido-[3,2-a:2',3'-c] phenazine (dppz) complexes. The impact of substituent identity, position, and the number of substituents on the light switch effect was investigated. An unbiased, parallel screening approach was used to evaluate the selectivity of the compounds for a variety of different biomolecules, including protein, nucleosides, single stranded DNA, duplex DNA, triplex DNA, and G-quadruplex DNA. Combining these two approaches allowed for the identification of hit molecules that showed different selectivities for biologically relevant DNA structures, particularly triplex and quadruplex DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Wachter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexingon, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Diego Moyá
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexingon, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Edith C. Glazer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexingon, Kentucky 40506, United States
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17
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DNA binding, topoisomerase inhibition and cytotoxicity of palladium(II) complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline and thioureas. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Lefebvre JF, Saadallah D, Traber P, Kupfer S, Gräfe S, Dietzek B, Baussanne I, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Moucheron C, Chavarot-Kerlidou M, Demeunynck M. Synthesis of three series of ruthenium tris-diimine complexes containing acridine-based π-extended ligands using an efficient “chemistry on the complex” approach. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:16298-16308. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02944b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel multi-step chemistry on the complex strategy.
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Tang GY, Pribisko MA, Henning RK, Lim P, Termini J, Gray HB, Grubbs RH. An in vitro enzymatic assay to measure transcription inhibition by gallium(III) and H3 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corroles. J Vis Exp 2015:52355. [PMID: 25867444 PMCID: PMC4401371 DOI: 10.3791/52355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy often involves broad-spectrum cytotoxic agents with many side effects and limited targeting. Corroles are a class of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles that exhibit differential cytostatic and cytotoxic properties in specific cell lines, depending on the identities of the chelated metal and functional groups. The unique behavior of functionalized corroles towards specific cell lines introduces the possibility of targeted chemotherapy. Many anticancer drugs are evaluated by their ability to inhibit RNA transcription. Here we present a step-by-step protocol for RNA transcription in the presence of known and potential inhibitors. The evaluation of the RNA products of the transcription reaction by gel electrophoresis and UV-Vis spectroscopy provides information on inhibitive properties of potential anticancer drug candidates and, with modifications to the assay, more about their mechanism of action. Little is known about the molecular mechanism of action of corrole cytotoxicity. In this experiment, we consider two corrole compounds: gallium(III) 5,10,15-(tris)pentafluorophenylcorrole (Ga(tpfc)) and freebase analogue 5,10,15-(tris)pentafluorophenylcorrole (tpfc). An RNA transcription assay was used to examine the inhibitive properties of the corroles. Five transcription reactions were prepared: DNA treated with Actinomycin D, triptolide, Ga(tpfc), tpfc at a [complex]:[template DNA base] ratio of 0.01, respectively, and an untreated control. The transcription reactions were analyzed after 4 hr using agarose gel electrophoresis and UV-Vis spectroscopy. There is clear inhibition by Ga(tpfc), Actinomycin D, and triptolide. This RNA transcription assay can be modified to provide more mechanistic detail by varying the concentrations of the anticancer complex, DNA, or polymerase enzyme, or by incubating the DNA or polymerase with the complexes prior to RNA transcription; these modifications would differentiate between an inhibition mechanism involving the DNA or the enzyme. Adding the complex after RNA transcription can be used to test whether the complexes degrade or hydrolyze the RNA. This assay can also be used to study additional anticancer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Y Tang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology
| | - Melanie A Pribisko
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology
| | - Ryan K Henning
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology
| | - Punnajit Lim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope
| | - John Termini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope
| | - Harry B Gray
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology
| | - Robert H Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology;
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20
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Huang S, Zhu F, Qiu H, Xiao Q, Zhou Q, Su W, Hu B. A sensitive quantum dots-based "OFF-ON" fluorescent sensor for ruthenium anticancer drugs and ctDNA. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 117:240-7. [PMID: 24657609 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, a simple and sensitive fluorescent sensor for the determination of both the three ruthenium anticancer drugs (1 to 3) and calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was established based on the CdTe quantum dots (QDs) fluorescence "OFF-ON" mode. Under the experimental conditions, the fluorescence of CdTe QDs can be effectively quenched by ruthenium anticancer drugs because of the surface binding of these drugs on CdTe QDs and the subsequent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process from CdTe QDs to ruthenium anticancer drugs, which render the system into fluorescence "OFF" status. The system can then be "ON" after the addition of ctDNA which brought the restoration of CdTe QDs fluorescence intensity, since ruthenium anticancer drugs broke away from the surface of CdTe QDs and inserted into double helix structure of ctDNA. The fluorescence quenching effect of the CdTe QDs-ruthenium anticancer drugs systems was mainly concentration dependent, which could be used to detect three ruthenium anticancer drugs. The limits of detection were 5.5 × 10(-8) M for ruthenium anticancer drug 1, 7.0 × 10(-8) M for ruthenium anticancer drug 2, and 7.9× 10(-8) M for ruthenium anticancer drug 3, respectively. The relative restored fluorescence intensity was directly proportional to the concentration of ctDNA in the range of 1.0 × 10(-8) M ∼ 3.0 × 10(-7) M, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9983 and a limit of detection of 1.1 × 10(-9) M. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 1.5 × 10(-7) M ctDNA was 1.5% (n = 5). There was almost no interference to some common chemical compounds, nucleotides, amino acids, and proteins. The proposed method was applied to the determination of ctDNA in three synthetic samples with satisfactory results. The possible reaction mechanism of CdTe QDs fluorescence "OFF-ON" was further investigated. This simple and sensitive approach possessed some potential applications in the investigation of interaction between drug molecules and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
| | - Fawei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Hangna Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Qi Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
| | - Quan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Wei Su
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
| | - Baoqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Ministry of Education, China
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21
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Joshi T, Pierroz V, Mari C, Gemperle L, Ferrari S, Gasser G. A Bis(dipyridophenazine)(2-(2-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid)ruthenium(II) Complex with Anticancer Action upon Photodeprotection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Joshi T, Pierroz V, Mari C, Gemperle L, Ferrari S, Gasser G. A bis(dipyridophenazine)(2-(2-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid)ruthenium(II) complex with anticancer action upon photodeprotection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2960-3. [PMID: 24500767 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Improving the selectivity of anticancer drugs towards cancer cells is one of the main goals of drug optimization; the prodrug strategy has been one of the most promising. A light-triggered prodrug strategy is presented as an efficient approach for controlling cytotoxicity of the substitutionally inert cytotoxic complex [Ru(dppz)2(CppH)](PF6)2(C1; CppH=2-(2-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid; dppz=dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine). Attachment of a photolabile 3-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)-2-butyl (DMNPB) ester ("photocaging") makes the otherwise active complex C1 innocuous to both cancerous (HeLa and U2OS) and non-cancerous (MRC-5) cells. The cytotoxic action can be successfully unleashed in living cells upon light illumination (350 nm), reaching similar level of activity as the parent cytotoxic compound C1. This is the first substitutionally inert cytotoxic metal complex to be used as a light-triggered prodrug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmaya Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich (Switzerland) http://www.gassergroup.com.
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Synthesis, characterization, and DNA binding, photocleavage, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, apoptosis, and on–off light switching studies of Ru(II) mixed-ligand complexes containing 7-fluorodipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 18:751-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-013-1018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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