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Raffo A, Baiamonte I, De Benedetti L, Lupotto E, Marchioni I, Nardo N, Cervelli C. Exploring volatile aroma and non-volatile bioactive compounds diversity in wild populations of rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus Schleid.). Food Chem 2023; 404:134532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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2
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Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Growing in Saudi Arabia: Experimental and Computational Approaches. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10112422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. is widely distributed in Saudi Arabia. However, only a few studies have been reported regarding this species. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical analysis of R. officinalis essential oil using GC-MS analysis in order to identify its major components; the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was also evaluated using disc diffusion assay against gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli), the antimicrobial activity was also assessed with molecular docking against several microbial proteins; TyRS, DNA gyrase and DHFR. The GC-MS analysis has indicated the presence of 18 constituents, representing 99.93 % of the total oil content. The major compounds detected were Bornyl acetate (26.59%), Eucalyptol (17.38%), Camphor (10.42%), Borneol (9.78%), Beta-Caryophyllene (7.80%) and α-pinene (3.85%). The antimicrobial study showed that R. officinalis has strong antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with an inhibition zone of 30 mm and E. coli with an inhibition zone of 25 mm. The affinities of molecular docking (TyrRS: between −4.8 and −4.9 Kcal/mol against −8.2 Kcal/mol obtained with Clorobiocin; DNA gyrase: between −4.5 and −4.9 Kcal/mol against −9.1 Kcal/mol obtained with Clorobiocin). However, strong affinities were obtained with the molecules when tested against DHFR (DHFR: between −5.8 and −6.0 Kcal/mol against −6.3 Kcal/mol obtained with SCHEMBL2181345). As a consequence, the pharmaceutical industry may use the essential oils from this plant to develop cutting-edge synthetic drugs to treat this illness infection.
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Phenotypic diversity of rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus Schleid.) accessions for qualitative characters. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Flamini G, Najar B, Leonardi M, Ambryszewska KE, Cioni PL, Parri F, Melai B, Pistelli L. Essential oil composition of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. wild samples collected from six sites and different seasonal periods in Elba Island (Tuscan Archipelago, Italy). Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:1919-1925. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1824229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute “Nutrafood”, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Basma Najar
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Oriflame Cosmetics S.A, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Federico Parri
- Stazione Carabinieri Parco, Marciana Marina, Isola d’Elba, LI, Italy
| | - Bernardo Melai
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute “Nutrafood”, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Constructed Wetlands as Sustainable Technology for the Treatment and Reuse of the First-Flush Stormwater in Agriculture—A Case Study in Sicily (Italy). WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12092542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a case study that was carried out on a Sicilian company (Italy) dealing with separate waste collection and recycling of glass. The aims of this study were to evaluate the overall efficiency of a vertical subsurface flow system (VSSFs) constructed wetland (CW) operating for the treatment of first-flush stormwater and the effects of treated wastewater on the morphological and aesthetic characteristics of ornamental pepper and rosemary plants. The system had a total surface area of 46.80 m2 and was planted with common reed and giant reed. Wastewater samples were taken from October 2018 to July 2019 at the CW inlet and outlet for chemical-physical and microbiological characterization of the wastewater. Two separate experimental fields of rosemary and ornamental pepper were set up in another Sicilian location. Three sources of irrigation water, two accessions of rosemary and two varieties of ornamental pepper were tested in a split-plot design for a two-factor experiment. The results showed very high organic pollutant removal (BOD5 75–83%, COD 65–69%) and a good efficiency of nutrients (TN 60–66%) and trace metals (especially for Cu and Zn) removal. Escherichia coli concentration levels were always lower than 100 CFU 100 mL−1 during the test period. Irrigation water and plant habitus had significant effects on all the morphological and aesthetic characteristics of the plants. For both the crops, plants irrigated with freshwater and treated wastewater had greater growth and showed a better general appearance in comparison with plants irrigated with wastewater. The higher trace metal levels in the wastewater produced adverse effects on plant growth and reduced the visual quality of the plants. Our results suggest the suitability of a VSSFs constructed wetland for the treatment of first-flush stormwater and the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation purposes, in accordance with legislation requirements concerning wastewater quality.
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Napoli E, Siracusa L, Ruberto G. New Tricks for Old Guys: Recent Developments in the Chemistry, Biochemistry, Applications and Exploitation of Selected Species from the Lamiaceae Family. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900677. [PMID: 31967708 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lamiaceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants comprising about 250 genera and over 7,000 species. Most of the plants of this family are aromatic and therefore important source of essential oils. Lamiaceae are widely used as culinary herbs and reported as medicinal plants in several folk traditions. In the Mediterranean area oregano, sage, rosemary, thyme and lavender stand out for geographical diffusion and variety of uses. The aim of this review is to provide recent data dealing with the phytochemical and pharmacological studies, and the more recent applications of the essential oils and the non-volatile phytocomplexes. This literature survey suggests how the deeper understanding of biomolecular processes in the health and food sectors as per as pest control bioremediation of cultural heritage, or interaction with human microbiome, fields, leads to the rediscovery and new potential applications of well-known plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, IT-95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, IT-95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, IT-95126, Catania, Italy
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Siracusa L, Napoli E, Tuttolomondo T, Licata M, La Bella S, Gennaro MC, Leto C, Sarno M, Sperlinga E, Ruberto G. A Two-Year Bio-Agronomic and Chemotaxonomic Evaluation of Wild Sicilian Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) Berries and Leaves. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800575. [PMID: 30561831 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A collection of nine Myrtus communis samples from different localities of Sicily was evaluated. Morphological traits and production characteristics have been chosen as parameters to arrange the samples into homogeneous groups and to identify the best biotypes for possible future agro-industrial exploitation. The plant material has been subjected to taxonomic characterization from biometric and phytochemical perspectives. Myrtle berries and leaves have been analyzed for their content in metabolites, applying a cascade extraction protocol for M. communis leaves and a single hydroalcoholic extraction for berries, whereas hydrodistillation procedures have been applied to obtain the essential oils from berries and leaves. The analyses of non-volatile components were carried out by LC-UV-DAD-ESI-MS. All the extracts were characterized by the presence of numerous polyphenols, namely highly hydroxylated flavonols such as quercetin and myricetin; and ellagic acid detected in all samples. In addition, myrtle berries contained nine different anthocyanins, namely delphinidin, petunidin, cyanidin and malvidin derivatives. The essential oils (EOs) were analyzed by a combination of GC-FID and GC/MS. A total of 33 and 34 components were fully characterized with the predominance of α-pinene, myrtenyl acetate, linalool, 1,8-cineole and linalyl acetate. All phytochemical profiles were subjected to cluster analyses, which allowed subdividing the myrtle samples in different chemical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Siracusa
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 -, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 -, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Teresa Tuttolomondo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 -, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Licata
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 -, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore La Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 -, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gennaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 -, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Leto
- Co.Ri.S.S.I.A. Consorzio di ricerca per lo Sviluppo di Sistemi Innovativi Agroambientali, Viale Libertà, 203 -, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Sarno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 -, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisa Sperlinga
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 -, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 -, 95126, Catania, Italy
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Borges RS, Ortiz BLS, Pereira ACM, Keita H, Carvalho JCT. Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil: A review of its phytochemistry, anti-inflammatory activity, and mechanisms of action involved. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:29-45. [PMID: 30287195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plant species Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae; Synonyms: Salvia rosmarinus Schleid. and Rosmarinus angustifolius Mill.) is a herb widely used worldwide. In local and traditional medicine, its used for inflammation-related diseases. Currently, studies report anti-inflammatory activity in its essential oil (EORO). However, to better understand EORO's anti-inflammatory activity its necessary to understand its phytochemistry and the signaling pathways affected by it. Hence, this review aimed to describe EORO phytochemical profile, ethnopharmacological uses, some biological activities of EORO will be described but emphasizing its anti-inflammatory potential and possible mechanisms of action involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research was performed using the databases Medline, Embase, BVS Regional Portal, Science Direct, CAPES Journals, and Scopus; using the keywords "Rosmarinus officinalis", "anti-inflammatory" and "essential oil". Additional information was gathered from related textbooks, reviews, and documents. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Until now about 150 chemical compounds were identified in EORO samples, more frequently reported molecules were 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, and camphor. Studies suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of EORO occur mainly through inhibition of NF-κB transcription and suppression of arachidonic acid cascade. Its antioxidant activity also aids by preventing injury caused by the reactive species of inflammation; its smooth muscle relaxant activity contributes to ameliorating airway inflammatory diseases. Lastly, toxicity assessments indicate low toxicity to EORO. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence indicates anti-inflammatory activity in EORO, supporting its ethnopharmacological uses in inflammatory-related diseases, and potential future applications. However, although considerable acute inflammatory models were tested, more chronic inflammatory models are needed; clinical studies are still absent, this may be due to the high doses needed for essential oils to exert pharmacological effects, but recent studies show this issue can be bypassed using the oil formulated as nanoemulsions to improve its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaelle Sousa Borges
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, S/N, Campus Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas de da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Juscelino Kubitscheck, KM 02, S/N, Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, AP 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Brenda Lorena Sánchez Ortiz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, S/N, Campus Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Arlindo César Matias Pereira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, S/N, Campus Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Hady Keita
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, S/N, Campus Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil; Division de Pós-Grado, Instituto de Investigación sobre la Salud Publica. Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad de la Sierra Sur, Calle Guillermo Rojas Mijangos S/N, Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - José Carlos Tavares Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, S/N, Campus Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas de da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Juscelino Kubitscheck, KM 02, S/N, Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, AP 68903-419, Brazil.
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Walid Y, Majdi H, Wissem AW, Khammassi S, Mahmoud G, Manef A, Ksouri R, Saidani Tounsi M. Deterpenation of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis var. typicus L.) leaf essential oil using a mathematical model of kinetic guided hydrodistillation. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2018.1562387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeddes Walid
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hammami Majdi
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aidi Wannes Wissem
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saber Khammassi
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gargouri Mahmoud
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre de biotechnologie de Borj Cédria, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abderrabba Manef
- Laboratoire Matériaux Molécules et applications, IPEST, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moufida Saidani Tounsi
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, Tunis, Tunisia
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Napoli E, Siracusa L, Ruberto G, Carrubba A, Lazzara S, Speciale A, Cimino F, Saija A, Cristani M. Phytochemical profiles, phototoxic and antioxidant properties of eleven Hypericum species - A comparative study. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 152:162-173. [PMID: 29775867 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum is one out of the nine genera belonging to the botanical family Clusiaceae Lindl (syn. Hypericaceae Juss.; APG III, 2009). The genus contains 484 species spread worldwide, one of which, Hypericum perforatum, is largely used in folk medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, along with the antioxidant and phototoxic activity, of 11 Hypericum species grown in Sicily (H. perforatum L., H. aegypticum L., H. androsaemum L., H. calycinum L., H. hircinum L., H. hirsutum L., H. montanum L., H. patulum Thunb., H. perfoliatum L., H. pubescens Boiss., H. tetrapterum Fr.). Samples of flowering tops collected from these Hypericum species were extracted and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) to determine their content of main polyphenols, acylphloroglucinols, and naphthodianthrones. The extracts were also subjected to a photocytotoxic assay using murine fibroblast (NIH/3T3), and their antioxidant activity evaluated by means of Folin-Ciocalteau, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity assays. Phytochemical analysis allowed us to identify and quantify 20 metabolites, each of them possessing a well-known biological activity. Furthermore, all examined species showed a good cytotoxic and antioxidant/radical scavenging activity. These results indicate that in addition to the well-known H. perforatum, at least other three species (H. tetrapterum, H. pubescens, and H. montanum) represent potential sources of biologically active compounds, and at least other two species (H. perfoliatum and H. tetrapterum), due to their phototoxicity are candidates for application in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy.
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carrubba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle scienze, Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Lazzara
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione (CREA), s.s. 113-Km 245,500, 90011 Bagheria, PA, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cristani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, Italy
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Tzima K, Brunton NP, Rai DK. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Polyphenols in Lamiaceae Plants-A Review. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7020025. [PMID: 29587434 PMCID: PMC6027318 DOI: 10.3390/plants7020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lamiaceae species are promising potential sources of natural antioxidants, owing to their high polyphenol content. In addition, increasing scientific and epidemiological evidence have associated consumption of foods rich in polyphenols with health benefits such as decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases mediated through anti-inflammatory effects. The complex and diverse nature of polyphenols and the huge variation in their levels in commonly consumed herbs make their analysis challenging. Innovative robust analytical tools are constantly developing to meet these challenges. In this review, we present advances in the state of the art for the identification and quantification of polyphenols in Lamiaceae species. Novel chromatographic techniques that have been employed in the past decades are discussed, ranging from ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography to hyphenated spectroscopic methods, whereas performance characteristics such as selectivity and specificity are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Tzima
- Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland.
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04V1W8, Ireland.
| | - Nigel P Brunton
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04V1W8, Ireland.
| | - Dilip K Rai
- Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland.
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Anti-inflammatory activity of nanoemulsions of essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L.: in vitro and in zebrafish studies. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1057-1080. [PMID: 29404883 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L. (OERO) has bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potency of nanoemulsions containing essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (NOERO, NECHA, NECULT, and NECOM) in vitro and in vivo. This study was accomplished in a quantitative format through tests with diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), cellular antioxidant activity (CCA), determination of nitric oxide production, cellular viability and anti-inflammatory activity in zebrafish. OERO's were submitted to the analysis-coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which highlighted 1,8-cineol and camphor as major compounds. NOEROs were obtained by a low-energy method and presenting the medium size smaller than 200 nm. The efficiency of encapsulation by spectrometry and gas chromatographic analysis was 67.61 and 75.38%, respectively. In the CCA assay, all of the samples presented percentage values of inhibition similar to the quercetin pattern, indicating antioxidant activity. In the test for determination of NO·, all of the samples inhibited the production of NO· when compared to LPS, and NOEROS were more effective than OEROS to 5 µg/mL. In the cell viability assay, the cells remained viable after contact with the samples, demonstrating an absence of cytotoxicity. This study showed that all nanoemulsions (NECHA, NECULT, and NECOM) showed no toxicity to macrophages, besides demonstrating antioxidant activity and potentiation of the essential oil effect in the proliferation of viable fibroblasts. Nanoemulsions has also shown the ability to potentiate the anti-inflammatory action of essential oils by exerting immunomodulatory activity by inhibiting the production of the pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide. The results obtained with NECHA in zebrafish confirm the hypothesis that prominent terpenic compounds, alpha-pinene, 1,8-cineole, and camphor, became more available at the target sites, inhibiting the inflammatory process in this animal species.
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Anti-inflammatory and antialgic actions of a nanoemulsion of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil and a molecular docking study of its major chemical constituents. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:183-195. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Said MEA, Militello M, Saia S, Settanni L, Aleo A, Mammina C, Bombarda I, Vanloot P, Roussel C, Dupuy N. Artemisia arborescens Essential Oil Composition, Enantiomeric Distribution, and Antimicrobial Activity from Different Wild Populations from the Mediterranean Area. Chem Biodivers 2017; 13:1095-102. [PMID: 27447740 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aerial parts of Artemisia arborescens were collected from different sites of the Mediterranean area (southwestern Algeria and southern Italy) and the chemical composition of their essential oil (EO) extracted by hydrodistillation was studied by both gas chromatography (GC) equipped with an enantioselective capillary column and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The EOs obtained were tested against several Listeria monocytogenes strains. Using GC and GC/MS, 41 compounds were identified, accounting for 96.0 - 98.8% of the total EO. All EOs showed a similar terpene profile, which was rich in chamazulene, β-thujone, and camphor. However, the concentration of such compounds varied among the EOs. A. arborescens EO inhibited up to 83.3% of the L. monocytogenes strains, but the inhibitory spectrum varied among the EOs, with those from Algeria showing a higher inhibition degree than the Italian EOs. Such effect likely depended on the ketone (β-thujone + camphor) content of the EO. The differences in the EO composition support the hypothesis that A. arborescens has at least two different chemotypes: a β-thujone and a chamazulene type. The EO inhibitory spectrum indicates the A. arborescens EO as a valuable option in the control of the food-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El-Amin Said
- EA4672 LISA Equipe METICA, Aix-Marseille Université, Case 451, Av. Escadrille Normandie Niémen, FR-13397, Marseille Cedex 20
| | - Marcello Militello
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (SAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 4, IT-90128, Palermo.
| | - Sergio Saia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Cereal Research Centre (CREA-CER), S.S. 673 km 25,200, IT-71122, Foggia
| | - Luca Settanni
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (SAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 4, IT-90128, Palermo
| | - Aurora Aleo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, "G. D'Alessandro'', Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro, IT-90127, Palermo
| | - Caterina Mammina
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, "G. D'Alessandro'', Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro, IT-90127, Palermo
| | - Isabelle Bombarda
- EA4672 LISA Equipe METICA, Aix-Marseille Université, Case 451, Av. Escadrille Normandie Niémen, FR-13397, Marseille Cedex 20
| | - Pierre Vanloot
- EA4672 LISA Equipe METICA, Aix-Marseille Université, Case 451, Av. Escadrille Normandie Niémen, FR-13397, Marseille Cedex 20
| | - Christian Roussel
- Ecole Centrale, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, Aix-Marseille Université, FR-13397, Marseille Cedex 20
| | - Nathalie Dupuy
- EA4672 LISA Equipe METICA, Aix-Marseille Université, Case 451, Av. Escadrille Normandie Niémen, FR-13397, Marseille Cedex 20
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15
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Saija A, Speciale A, Trombetta D, Leto C, Tuttolomondo T, La Bella S, Licata M, Virga G, Bonsangue G, Gennaro MC, Napoli E, Siracusa L, Ruberto G. Phytochemical, Ecological and Antioxidant Evaluation of Wild Sicilian Thyme: Thymbra capitata
(L.) Cav
. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:1641-1655. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Saija
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali; Università di Messina; Contrada Annunziata IT-98168 Messina
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali; Università di Messina; Contrada Annunziata IT-98168 Messina
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali; Università di Messina; Contrada Annunziata IT-98168 Messina
| | - Claudio Leto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (SAF); Università di Palermo; Viale delle Scienze 13 IT-90128 Palermo
| | - Teresa Tuttolomondo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (SAF); Università di Palermo; Viale delle Scienze 13 IT-90128 Palermo
| | - Salvatore La Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (SAF); Università di Palermo; Viale delle Scienze 13 IT-90128 Palermo
| | - Mario Licata
- Co.Ri.S.S.I.A. Consorzio di Ricerca per lo Sviluppo di Sistemi Innovativi Agroambientali; Via Libertà 203 IT-90100 Palermo
| | - Giuseppe Virga
- Co.Ri.S.S.I.A. Consorzio di Ricerca per lo Sviluppo di Sistemi Innovativi Agroambientali; Via Libertà 203 IT-90100 Palermo
| | - Giuseppe Bonsangue
- Co.Ri.S.S.I.A. Consorzio di Ricerca per lo Sviluppo di Sistemi Innovativi Agroambientali; Via Libertà 203 IT-90100 Palermo
| | - Maria Cristina Gennaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (SAF); Università di Palermo; Viale delle Scienze 13 IT-90128 Palermo
| | - Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare; Via Paolo Gaifami 18 IT-95126 Catania
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare; Via Paolo Gaifami 18 IT-95126 Catania
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare; Via Paolo Gaifami 18 IT-95126 Catania
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16
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Licata M, Tuttolomondo T, Leto C, Virga G, Bonsangue G, Cammalleri I, Gennaro MC, La Bella S. A survey of wild plant species for food use in Sicily (Italy) - results of a 3-year study in four Regional Parks. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2016; 12:12. [PMID: 26860327 PMCID: PMC4748641 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-015-0074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper illustrates the results of a study carried out in four Regional Parks of Sicily (Italy), concerning traditional knowledge on food use of wild plant species. The main aims of the paper were: (i) to verify which wild plant species are used for food purpose in the local culture based on information provided by elderly inhabitants (ii) to verify the presence of wild plant species which have not been cited for food use in previous studies in the Mediterranean area (iii) to determine how many of the most frequently cited wild plant species are cultivated by the local population in the four Sicilian Parks. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were carried out in the local communities of the four Regional Parks between 2007 and 2010. A total of 802 people over the age of 60 were interviewed. Cultural Importance Index was used to evaluate the level of importance given to any wild plant species as a food in the local culture. The level of appreciation of the wild plant species and the possible effects of wild plants on human health were also investigated. RESULTS Local communities currently use a total number of 119 wild species for food purposes. Asteraceae and Brassicaceae were the most represented botanical families. In each of the four Sicilian Parks, Cichorium intybus L. and Foeniculum vulgare Mill. obtained the highest Cultural Importance Index values. Sixty-four species were indicated as also having medicinal properties. Leaves and other aerial plant parts were the parts most-used for the preparation of traditional recipes. CONCLUSIONS The research shows that the level of traditional knowledge on the food uses of wild plant species in the study area is poor. The food uses of plants which are most likely to survive over time are those at the interface of food and medicine. Further agronomic studies are needed for a number of species with a view to introducing them as a crop into non-intensive agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Licata
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 13, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Teresa Tuttolomondo
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 13, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Claudio Leto
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 13, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Virga
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 13, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Bonsangue
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 13, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ignazio Cammalleri
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 13, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Gennaro
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 13, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Salvatore La Bella
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 13, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
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