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Silva VBD, Almeida-Bezerra JW, Pereira RLS, Alcântara BMD, Furlan CM, Coelho JJ, Coutinho HDM, Morais-Braga MFB, Oliveira AFMD. Chemical composition, antibacterial potential, and toxicity of the extracts from the stem bark of Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118631. [PMID: 39067831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hancornia speciosa is a medicinal plant popularly used to treat different medical issues, including infectious diseases. Exploring the therapeutic potentialities of the extracts from medicinal plants combined with conventional antibiotic drugs is a promising horizon, especially considering the rising microbial resistance. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of the ethereal (EEHS) and methanolic (MEHS) extracts of the stem bark of H. speciosa, and also evaluate their antibacterial and drug-modifying activity, and toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extracts were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined. The antibacterial and antibiotic-modifying activity was evaluated against strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the serial microdilution method, obtaining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The toxicity assay was carried out using the Drosophila melanogaster model. RESULTS Thirty compounds were identified in the extracts of the stem bark of H. speciosa, with triterpenoids being predominant in both extracts. Additionally, fatty alcohols, carbohydrates, fatty acids, phenolic acids, and phytosterols were identified in both extracts. EEHS and MEHS extracts had considerable phenol contents (346.4 and 340.0 mg GAE/g, respectively). Flavonoids were detected in a lower proportion (7.6 and 6.9 mg QE/g, respectively). H. speciosa extracts did not display intrinsic antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains evaluated, however, they were capable of modifying the activity of gentamicin, erythromycin, and norfloxacin. EEHS increased the efficacy of norfloxacin against E. coli and S. aureus, reducing MIC values by 50%. MEHS potentiated the action of gentamicin against all bacterial strains, especially against E. coli. The extracts did not display toxicity at clinically relevant concentrations against D. melanogaster. CONCLUSION The stem bark of H. speciosa was considered a rich source of bioactive compounds. Our findings evidenced the therapeutic potential of H. speciosa extracts for the development of new pharmaceutical therapeutics against bacteria. Although the extracts did not exhibit intrinsic antibacterial activity, they enhanced the efficacy of commercial antibiotic drugs and were non-toxic at clinically relevant concentrations. Future studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action of these extracts, ensuring their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Bezerra da Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Rua Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, Pernambuco, 50.670-901, Brazil.
| | - José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz, 1161, Crato, Ceará, 63.105-000, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Luiz Silva Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz, 1161, Crato, Ceará, 63.105-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Melo de Alcântara
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz, 1161, Crato, Ceará, 63.105-000, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Furlan
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Janerson José Coelho
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Faculdade de Educação, Ciências e Letras dos Inhamuns - CECITEC, Tauá, 63660-000, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz, 1161, Crato, Ceará, 63.105-000, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Cao X, Liu Q, Chen Y, Wang Y, Cong H, Li C, Li Y, Wang Y, Jiang J, Li L. Multi-omics analysis of Streptomyces djakartensis strain MEPS155 reveal a molecular response strategy combating Ceratocystis fimbriata causing sweet potato black rot. Food Microbiol 2024; 122:104557. [PMID: 38839221 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the potential antifungal mechanisms of rhizosphere Actinobacteria against Ceratocystis fimbriata in sweet potato, a comprehensive approach combining biochemical analyses and multi-omics techniques was employed in this study. A total of 163 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of sweet potato. Among them, strain MEPS155, identified as Streptomyces djakartensis, exhibited robust and consistent inhibition of C. fimbriata mycelial growth in in vitro dual culture assays, attributed to both cell-free supernatant and volatile organic compounds. Moreover, strain MEPS155 demonstrated diverse plant growth-promoting attributes, including the production of indole-3-acetic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and enzymatic activities such as cellulase, chitinase, and protease. Notably, strain MEPS155 exhibited efficacy against various sweet potato pathogenic fungi. Following the inoculation of strain MEPS155, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in malondialdehyde content was observed in sweet potato slices, indicating a potential protective effect. The whole genome of MEPS155 was characterized by a size of 8,030,375 bp, encompassing 7234 coding DNA sequences and 32 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1869 differentially expressed genes in the treated group that cultured with C. fimbriata, notably influencing pathways associated with porphyrin metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of type II polyketide products. These alterations in gene expression are hypothesized to be linked to the production of secondary metabolites contributing to the inhibition of C. fimbriata. Metabolomic analysis identified 1469 potential differently accumulated metabolites (PDAMs) when comparing MEPS155 and the control group. The up-regulated PDAMs were predominantly associated with the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites, including vanillin, myristic acid, and protocatechuic acid, suggesting potential inhibitory effects on plant pathogenic fungi. Our study underscores the ability of strain S. djakartensis MEPS155 to inhibit C. fimbriata growth through the production of secretory enzymes or secondary metabolites. The findings contribute to a theoretical foundation for future investigations into the role of MEPS155 in postharvest black rot prevention in sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Xiaoying Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Hao Cong
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Changgen Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Yanting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China.
| | - Ludan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China.
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Khwaza V, Aderibigbe BA. Potential Pharmacological Properties of Triterpene Derivatives of Ursolic Acid. Molecules 2024; 29:3884. [PMID: 39202963 PMCID: PMC11356970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) and its derivatives have garnered significant attention due to their extensive pharmacological activity. UA is a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in a variety of plants, such as apples, rosemary, thyme, etc., and it possesses a range of pharmacological properties. Researchers have synthesized various derivatives of UA through structural modifications to enhance its potential pharmacological properties. Various in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that UA and its derivatives possess diverse biological activities, such as anticancer, antifungal, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. This review article provides a review of the biological activities of UA and its derivatives to show their valuable therapeutic properties useful in the treatment of different diseases, mainly focusing on the relevant structure-activity relationships (SARs), the underlying molecular targets/pathways, and modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuyolwethu Khwaza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Blessing A. Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Kawash J, Erndwein L, Johnson-Cicalese J, Knowles S, Vorsa N, Polashock J. Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis and Marker Development for Fruit Rot Resistance in Cranberry Shows Potential Genetic Association with Epicuticular Wax. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1366-1372. [PMID: 38281162 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-23-0477-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Fruit rot is a fungal disease complex that threatens cranberry yields in North American growing operations. Management of fruit rot is especially difficult because of the diversity of the infecting fungal species, and although infections take place early in the season, the pathogens usually remain latent in the ovary until the fruit ripen. Control methods heavily rely on fungicide applications, a practice that may be limited in viability long term. Breeding for fruit rot resistance (FRR) is essential for sustainable production. It is likely that field resistance is multifaceted and involves a myriad of traits that fortify cranberry plants against the biotic and abiotic stresses contributing to fruit rot. In this study, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FRR in a segregating population. Interestingly, a QTL associated with resistance was found to overlap with one associated with fruit epicuticular wax (ECW). A single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assay successfully identified accessions that exhibit the desired phenotypes (i.e., less rot and more ECW), thus making it a useful tool for marker-assisted selection. Candidate genes that may contribute to FRR and ECW were also identified. This work will expedite breeding for improved cranberry fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kawash
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Chatsworth, NJ 08019
| | - Lindsay Erndwein
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Chatsworth, NJ 08019
| | - Jennifer Johnson-Cicalese
- Rutgers University, P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Chatsworth, NJ 08019
| | - Sara Knowles
- Rutgers University, P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Chatsworth, NJ 08019
| | - Nicholi Vorsa
- Professor Emeritus, Rutgers University, P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Chatsworth, NJ 08019
| | - James Polashock
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Chatsworth, NJ 08019
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Waller SB, Ripoll MK, de Melo LP, Lindemann P, Gomes ADR, Martins ODA, Cleff MB, de Mello JRB, de Faria RO, Meireles MCA. Are polar extracts and essential oil from Origanum vulgare Linn. (oregano) an alternative against itraconazole-resistant dermatophytes from veterinary cases? J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101391. [PMID: 37137171 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the conventional therapy against dermatophytosis is based on antifungal drugs and environmental disinfection, the emergence of itraconazole(ITZ)-resistant dermatophytes has encouraged the search for active compounds, such as Origanum vulgare L. (oregano) essential oil (EO). However, little is known about its effect in polar extracts or the mechanism of action of these extracts and EO. We investigated the antifungal activity of four polar extracts and one EO from oregano against ITZ-susceptible and ITZ-resistant dermatophytes and their action mechanism. Polar extracts were prepared as infusions at 10 (INF10) and 60 (INF60) minutes, decoction (DEC) and hydroalcoholic extract (HAE); EO was purchased. All extracts and itraconazole were tested against Microsporum gypseum, M. canis, M. nanum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. verrucosum isolated from cats, dogs and cattle (n = 28), and humans (n = 2) (M38-A2, CLSI). Among polar extract, DEC stood out as antifungal, followed by INF10 and INF60; HAE was little active. For EO, all isolates were susceptible, including ITZ-resistant dermatophytes. EO was selected for action mechanism assays, and acted in cell wall and plasmatic membrane by complexing with fungal ergosterol. By chromatographic analysis, 4-hydroxibenzoic acid was the most prevalent compound in all polar extracts, followed by syringic acid and caffeic acid; luteolin was present only in HAE. For EO, carvacrol was the major compound (73.9%); followed by γ-terpinene (3.6%) and thymol (3.0%). These findings showed that the extract type of oregano has influenced the antifungal action on dermatophytes, highlight EO and DEC, that are promising as antifungal agent, including against ITZ-resistant dermatophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Bressan Waller
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Kutscher Ripoll
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciéle Pereira de Melo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Lindemann
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelita Dos Reis Gomes
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Otávia de Almeida Martins
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marlete Brum Cleff
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - João Roberto Braga de Mello
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Osório de Faria
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mário Carlos Araújo Meireles
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Mustafa MH, Corre MN, Heurtevin L, Bassi D, Cirilli M, Quilot-Turion B. Stone fruit phenolic and triterpenoid compounds modulate gene expression of Monilinia spp. in culture media. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:1085-1097. [PMID: 37495299 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic and triterpenoid compounds are essential components in stone fruit skin and flesh tissues. They are thought to possess general antimicrobial activity. However, regarding brown rot disease, investigations were only confined to a limited number of phenolics, especially chlorogenic acid. The activity of triterpenoids against Monilinia spp., as an essential part of the peach cuticular wax, has not been studied before. In this work, the anti-fungal effect of some phenolics, triterpenoids, and fruit surface compound (FSC) extracts of peach fruit at two developmental stages were investigated on Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia laxa characteristics during in vitro growth. A new procedure for assaying anti-fungal activity of triterpenoids, which are notoriously difficult to assess in vitro because of their hydrophobicity, has been developed. Measurements of colony diameter, sporulation, and germination of second-generation conidia were recorded. Furthermore, the expression of twelve genes of M. fructicola associated with germination and/or appressorium formation and virulence-related genes was studied relative to the presence of the compounds. The study revealed that certain phenolics and triterpenoids showed modest anti-fungal activity while dramatically modulating gene expression in mycelium of M. fructicola on culture medium. MfRGAE1 gene was overexpressed by chlorogenic and ferulic acids and MfCUT1 by betulinic acid, at 4- and 7- days of mycelium incubation. The stage II FSC extract, corresponding to the period when the fruit is resistant to Monilinia spp., considerably up-regulated the MfLAE1 gene. These findings effectively contribute to the knowledge of biochemical compounds effects on fungi on in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Hassan Mustafa
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISAA), University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy; INRAE, GAFL, F-84143, Montfavet, France
| | | | | | - Daniele Bassi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISAA), University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cirilli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISAA), University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Erndwein L, Kawash J, Knowles S, Vorsa N, Polashock J. Cranberry fruit epicuticular wax benefits and identification of a wax-associated molecular marker. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:181. [PMID: 37020185 PMCID: PMC10074888 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the global climate changes, periods of abiotic stress throughout the North American cranberry growing regions will become more common. One consequence of high temperature extremes and drought conditions is sunscald. Scalding damages the developing berry and reduces yields through fruit tissue damage and/or secondary pathogen infection. Irrigation runs to cool the fruit is the primary approach to controlling sunscald. However, it is water intensive and can increase fungal-incited fruit rot. Epicuticular wax functions as a barrier to various environmental stresses in other fruit crops and may be a promising feature to mitigate sunscald in cranberry. In this study we assessed the function of epicuticular wax in cranberries to attenuate stresses associated with sunscald by subjecting high and low epicuticular wax cranberries to controlled desiccation and light/heat exposure. A cranberry population that segregates for epicuticular wax was phenotyped for epicuticular fruit wax levels and genotyped using GBS. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses of these data identified a locus associated with epicuticular wax phenotype. A SNP marker was developed in the QTL region to be used for marker assisted selection. RESULTS Cranberries with high epicuticular wax lost less mass percent and maintained a lower surface temperature following heat/light and desiccation experiments as compared to fruit with low wax. QTL analysis identified a marker on chromosome 1 at position 38,782,094 bp associated with the epicuticular wax phenotype. Genotyping assays revealed that cranberry selections homozygous for a selected SNP have consistently high epicuticular wax scores. A candidate gene (GL1-9), associated with epicuticular wax synthesis, was also identified near this QTL region. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that high cranberry epicuticular wax load may help reduce the effects of heat/light and water stress: two primary contributors to sunscald. Further, the molecular marker identified in this study can be used in marker assisted selection to screen cranberry seedlings for the potential to have high fruit epicuticular wax. This work serves to advance the genetic improvement of cranberry crops in the face of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Erndwein
- ORISE Postdoctoral Research Associate, Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, USA
| | - Joseph Kawash
- Genetic Improvement of Fruit and Vegetables Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA-ARS, Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, USA
| | - Sara Knowles
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, USA
| | - Nicholi Vorsa
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, USA
| | - James Polashock
- Genetic Improvement of Fruit and Vegetables Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA-ARS, Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, USA.
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The Effect of Trichoderma harzianum Hypovirus 1 (ThHV1) and Its Defective RNA ThHV1-S on the Antifungal Activity and Metabolome of Trichoderma koningiopsis T-51. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020175. [PMID: 36836290 PMCID: PMC9959424 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoviruses widely exist in filamentous fungi and sometimes cause phenotypic changes in hosts. Trichoderma harzianum hypovirus 1 (ThHV1) and its defective RNA ThHV1-S were found in T. harzianum and exhibited high transmissibility. In our previous study, ThHV1 and ThHV1-S were transferred to an excellent biological control agent T. koningiopsis T-51 to form a derivative strain 51-13. In this study, we assessed the metabolic changes in strain 51-13 and antifungal activity of its culture filtrate (CF) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The antifungal activity of CF and VOCs of T-51 and 51-13 was different. Compared with the CF of T-51, that of 51-13 exhibited high inhibitory activity against B. cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum but low inhibitory activity against Leptosphaeria biglobosa and Villosiclava virens. The VOCs of 51-13 exhibited high inhibitory activity against F. oxysporum but low inhibitory activity against B. cinerea. The transcriptomes of T-51 and 51-13 were compared; 5531 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in 51-13 with 2904 up- and 2627 downregulated genes. In KEGG enrichment analysis, 1127 DEGs related to metabolic pathways (57.53%) and 396 DEGs related to biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (20.21%) were clearly enriched. From the CF of T-51 and 51-13, 134 differential secondary metabolites (DSMs) were detected between T-51 and 51-13 with 39 up- and 95 downregulated metabolites. From these, 13 upregulated metabolites were selected to test their antifungal activity against B. cinerea. Among them, indole-3-lactic acid and p-coumaric acid methyl ester (MeCA) exhibited strong antifungal activity. The IC50 of MeCA was 657.35 μM and four genes possibly related to the synthesis of MeCA exhibited higher expression in 51-13 than in T-51. This study revealed the mechanism underlying the increase in antifungal activity of T-51 because of the mycovirus and provided novel insights in fungal engineering to obtain bioactive metabolites via mycoviruses.
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Maria SB, Krystyna P, Monika L, Aleksandra J, Patrycja T, Kornelia K, Aleksandra BB, Joanna Ś, Piotr J, Katarzyna P, Agnieszka K. Natural compounds derived from Brassicaceae plants as an alternative to synthetic fungicides and their influence on soil fungus diversity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:317-327. [PMID: 35866526 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to develop a new formulation based on active substances of natural origin to protect plant seedlings against fungal pathogens, and to evaluate the effect of this formulation on fungal communities in arable soil. RESULTS Coating seeds of common crop plants with a p-coumaric acid (p-CA)-based preparation resulted in a significant reduction in the growth of most of the tested pathogens. When applied to soil, both the p-CA-based formulation and Porter 250 EC had a similar overall effect on soil fungal communities and significantly altered the structure of fungal communities at all of the times examined. Shifts in the fungal community composition concerned less than 2% of the total number of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). The strongest impact of the formulations on soil microbiota was recorded at the fourth week of treatment. Two ASVs assigned to Botrytis and Chromelosporium, known as plant pathogens, and an unidentified ASV from Diversisporales encompassing the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), were significantly depleted in soil samples treated with p-CA in comparison with Porter 250 EC. CONCLUSION The p-CA-based preparation has the potential to be used as an alternative to synthetic fungicides. It shows a similar effect to Porter 250 EC on the organization of soil communities, determining changes in the character of the communities of fungi in general, at any given time. Moreover, p-CA caused a reduction in ASVs belonging to Botrytis and Chromelosporium (plant pathogens) and ASVs of Diversisporales (containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) in comparison with the commercial compound that was analyzed. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swiontek Brzezinska Maria
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Pałubicka Krystyna
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Latos Monika
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Janik Aleksandra
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Tarnawska Patrycja
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Krajnik Kornelia
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Burkowska-But Aleksandra
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Świątczak Joanna
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Jedziniak Piotr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Pietruszka Katarzyna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Kalwasińska Agnieszka
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, 87-100, Poland
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10
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Lakshmi N, Basha Shaik A, Pal PP, Begum Ahil S, Vittal R, Naik S, Gali UD, Bokka VS. Piperine, reserpine and b-sitosterol attenuate stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of groundnut by inducing the secretion of defense enzymes and phenolic acids. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100880. [PMID: 35182415 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Groundnut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a major constraint affecting the productivity. Although managing this disease using synthetic fungicides is a more feasible method, environmental pollution and side effects caused by them demand some safe fungicides. Seven phytochemicals piperine, quercetin, reserpine, atropine sulphate, b-sitosterol, ethyl protocatechuate and salicylic acid were initially tested against S. rolfsii under in vitro methods. All the compounds exhibited significant effects on mycelial inhibition (except atropine sulphate), sclerotial development, ooze formation, maturity, sclerotial number and germination of S. rolfsii. The more active compounds, piperine, reserpine and b-sitosterol were then evaluated under glasshouse condition by adopting various application methods (seed treatment, foliar application and micro-injection at 2000 µg/mL) on groundnut plants challenged with and without S. rolfsii. All the treatments effectively reduced the plant mortality when tested every 15 days of infection with S. rolfsii. However, the magnitude of reduction varied among the treatments, with the mortality ranging between 9.37 % and 29.68 % compared to the control (40.68 %). The piperine-microinjected plants recorded minimum mortality (3.12 %). The defense enzymes (PAL and PPO) and key end products such as phenolics (total and individual) were determined in the leaf samples collected after 24, 48 and 72 h of infection with S. rolfsii to understand the systemic resistance induction effect. An increase in PAL and PPO activity was observed in all the samples. While microinjection of b-sitosterol caused a maximum PAL induction, piperine caused a maximum PPO activity. Further, samples of piperine treated group showed higher induction of phenolic acids (86.46 μg g-1 micro-injection) compared to b-sitosterol and reserpine groups in all the methods. When the samples were analysed (HPLC) for individual phenolic acids, maximum accumulation of various acids was observed in the samples collected after 48 h. Tannic and gallic acids were found to be accumulated in higher quantities in most of the samples. The maximum accumulation of phenolic acids was found in micro-injected samples. These results verified the reduction of mortality through the induction of defensive chemicals by the action of phytochemicals. Thus, the study recommends the use of these natural molecules for the integrated management of stem rot of groundnut after necessary field trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitha Lakshmi
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Rajendra Nagar, 500030, Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Ameer Basha Shaik
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Rajendra Nagar, 500030, Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Pragya Paramita Pal
- BITS Hyderabad: Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Hyderabad Campus, Department of Pharmacy, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, 500078, MEDCHAL MALKAJGIRI, INDIA
| | - Sajeli Begum Ahil
- BITS Hyderabad: Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Hyderabad Campus, Department of Pharmacy, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, 500078, MEDCHAL MALKAJGIRI, INDIA
| | - Ramya Vittal
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Saida Naik
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Uma Devi Gali
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Vidya Sagar Bokka
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, INDIA
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Khwaza V, Oyedeji OO, Aderibigbe BA. Ursolic Acid-Based Derivatives as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5920. [PMID: 32824664 PMCID: PMC7460570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid is a pharmacologically active pentacyclic triterpenoid derived from medicinal plants, fruit, and vegetables. The pharmacological activities of ursolic acid have been extensively studied over the past few years and various reports have revealed that ursolic acid has multiple biological activities, which include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, etc. In terms of cancer treatment, ursolic acid interacts with a number of molecular targets that play an essential role in many cell signaling pathways. It suppresses transformation, inhibits proliferation, and induces apoptosis of tumor cells. Although ursolic acid has many benefits, its therapeutic applications in clinical medicine are limited by its poor bioavailability and absorption. To overcome such disadvantages, researchers around the globe have designed and developed synthetic ursolic acid derivatives with enhanced therapeutic effects by structurally modifying the parent skeleton of ursolic acid. These structurally modified compounds display enhanced therapeutic effects when compared to ursolic acid. This present review summarizes various synthesized derivatives of ursolic acid with anti-cancer activity which were reported from 2015 to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Blessing A. Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; (V.K.); (O.O.O.)
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Yuan S, Li W, Li Q, Wang L, Cao J, Jiang W. Defense Responses, Induced by p-Coumaric Acid and Methyl p-Coumarate, of Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Fruit against Black Spot Rot Caused by Alternaria alternata. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2801-2810. [PMID: 30794401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The esterified fraction of jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) peel extract showed strong antifungal activity on Alternaria alternata. p-Coumaric acid (pCA) was found to be the most predominant individual phenolic acid that was correlated highly with the antifungal activity of the esterified fraction. Thus, effects of postharvest treatments with pCA and its simplest esterified derivative methyl p-coumarate (MeCA) against black spot rot on jujube fruit caused by A. alternata were investigated. pCA and MeCA strongly suppressed in vitro growth of the fungus and significantly reduced postharvest Alternaria rot on fresh jujubes. Biochemical and transcriptional analysis revealed that pCA and MeCA regulated the expression of some genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and their enzymatic activities, enhanced the phenylpropanoid pathway metabolism, and activated the expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins. These results suggested that, apart from its direct antifungal activity, pCA and MeCA induced defense responses in jujube fruit against postharvest Alternaria rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Yuan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghua Donglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Wusun Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghua Donglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghua Donglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Limin Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghua Donglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghua Donglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghua Donglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
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Bönnighausen J, Schauer N, Schäfer W, Bormann J. Metabolic profiling of wheat rachis node infection by Fusarium graminearum - decoding deoxynivalenol-dependent susceptibility. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:459-469. [PMID: 30084118 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a filamentous ascomycete and the causal agent of Fusarium head blight on wheat that threatens food and feed production worldwide as infection reduces crop yield both quantitatively by interfering with kernel development and qualitatively by poisoning any remaining kernels with mycotoxins. In wheat, F. graminearum infects spikelets and colonizes the entire head by growing through the rachis node at the bottom of each spikelet. Without the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), the pathogen cannot penetrate the rachis node and wheat is able to resist colonization. Using a global metabolite profiling approach we compared the metabolic profile of rachis nodes inoculated with either water, the Fusarium graminearum wild-type or the DON-deficient ∆tri5 mutant. Extensive metabolic rearrangements mainly affect metabolites for general stress perception and signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, cell wall composition, the tri-carbonic acid (TCA) cycle and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt as well as sugar alcohols, amino acids, and storage carbohydrates. The results revealed specific, DON-related susceptibility factors. Wild-type infection resulted in an oxidative burst and the induction of plant programmed cell death, while spread of the DON-deficient mutant was blocked in a jasmonate (JA)-related defense reaction in concert with other factors. Hence, the ∆tri5 mutant is prone to defense reactions that are, in the case of a wild-type infection, not initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Bönnighausen
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology (IPM), University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schauer
- Metabolomic Discoveries GmbH, Am Mühlenberg 11, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schäfer
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology (IPM), University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Bormann
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology (IPM), University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Cell Biology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. NW2, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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Li W, Yuan S, Sun J, Li Q, Jiang W, Cao J. Ethyl p -coumarate exerts antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo against fruit Alternaria alternata via membrane-targeted mechanism. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 278:26-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Role of Phenolic Acids from the Rhizosphere Soils of Panax notoginseng as a Double-Edge Sword in the Occurrence of Root-Rot Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040819. [PMID: 29614031 PMCID: PMC6017069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical agents in the rhizosphere soils of plants might have an influence on root-rot disease, which therefore might reveal the mechanism of root rot in Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng). With this hypothesis the alterations of phenolic acids (PAs) in the rhizosphere soils of P. notoginseng after pathogen infection were determined. The effects of PAs on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum), a fungal pathogenic factor for P. notoginseng, as well as production of fusaric acid, a wilting agent for the plants, were also examined. The results indicate the presence of five PAs (ferulic acid, syringic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, and vanillic acid) in the rhizosphere soils of P. notoginseng, whose contents in the rhizosphere soils of healthy plants are higher than those of the diseased ones. Further we found that individual PA could inhibit the mycelium growth and spore production of F. oxysporum, but stimulate fusaric acid production as well, disclosing the double-edge sword role of PAs in the occurrence of root rot of P. notoginseng and paving the way for the intervention of P. notoginseng root rot via balancing PAs.
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Pironi AM, de Araújo PR, Fernandes MA, Salgado HRN, Chorilli M. Characteristics, Biological Properties and Analytical Methods of Ursolic Acid: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 48:86-93. [PMID: 29039968 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1390425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid which is a promising candidate for the development of new therapeutic approaches and for the prevention and treatment of several diseases owing to its pharmacological importance. However, its low solubility in aqueous medium affects its therapeutic application. Several strategies have been used to overcome this obstacle. In this study, the incorporation of UA in to different drug delivery systems was found to be highly efficient. In addition, important investigations were performed about methods for qualitative and quantitative analyses of UA in various raw materials, including plants, biological fluids, and drug delivery systems, were investigated. Most recently high performance liquid chromatography coupled with various detectors, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis were used for this purpose. Thus, this review was performed to evaluate the biological effects of UA demonstrated thus far as well as the currently used, delivery systems and analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Maria Pironi
- a Departament of Drugs and Medicines , São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Patricia Rocha de Araújo
- a Departament of Drugs and Medicines , São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Mariza Aires Fernandes
- a Departament of Drugs and Medicines , São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- a Departament of Drugs and Medicines , São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- a Departament of Drugs and Medicines , São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brasil
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