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Fuochi V, Furneri PM, Furnari S, Garozzo A. Antiviral Efficacy of Coridothymus capitatus Essential Oil Against HSV-1 and HSV-2. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1023. [PMID: 39202765 PMCID: PMC11355936 DOI: 10.3390/life14081023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Coridothymus capitatus is a perennial herb with aromatic leaves and flowers, distinct from Thymus vulgaris in its chemical composition, resulting in a unique Thymus Essential Oil (TEO). A main component of TEO, carvacrol, is known for its antimicrobial and insecticidal activity. Carvacrol has potent antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal properties, generating interest in traditional medicine. However, studies on its antiviral activity are limited. Given the rise in viral infections and limitations of synthetic antiviral drugs, natural antiviral agents are promising due to their efficacy, lower resistance development, and reduced side effects. This study assessed the antiviral efficacy of TEO compared to that of pure carvacrol. We tested various viruses, revealing significant inhibitory effects of TEO on the replication of only Simplexvirus humanalpha1 (HSV-1) and Simplexvirus humanalpha2 (HSV-2), with specific interference during the early stages of the viral replication cycle after the adsorption period. TEO exhibited inhibitory effects at doses below the cytotoxic threshold, with IC50 values of 47 μg/mL for HSV-1 and 40 μg/mL for HSV-2. Maximum virus inhibition was achieved when TEO was added within 90 min post-infection, indicating interference with early viral replication steps. These findings highlight the potential of TEO as a natural antiviral agent and suggest further research into its mechanisms and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Fuochi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche (BIOMETEC), Università di Catania, 95030 Catania, Italy; (P.M.F.); (S.F.); (A.G.)
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KAYA S. Assessment of The Effect of Thymbra capitata Ethanolic Extract on Galleria mellonella Hemolymph Antioxidant Enzymes. COMMAGENE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.31594/commagene.1204178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conehead thyme (Thymbra capitata) is widely distributed in the countries of the Mediterranean region and used due to its medical properties. The antibacterial, antifungal, and strong antioxidant properties of T. capitata are known. The model organism Galleria mellonella is mostly preferred for immunological studies and for the study of human pathogens. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the ethanolic extract of T. capitata on the antioxidant defense of the hemolymph in G. mellonella larva. Solutions prepared with Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) from the dry matter obtained from ethanolic extract at doses between 2 mg mL-1 and 20 mg mL-1 were injected into G. mellonella larvae. According to our findings, T. capitata extract had no effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. However, it was determined that all doses between 10 to 20 mg mL-1 significantly reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities compared to the control groups. According to the results of our study, high doses of T. capitata extract had negative effects on G. mellonella antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat KAYA
- ÇANAKKALE ONSEKİZ MART ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN VE EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ
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Napoli E, Ruberto G, Carrubba A, Sarno M, Muscarà C, Speciale A, Cristani M, Cimino F, Saija A. Phenolic Profiles, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Hydrodistillation Wastewaters from Five Lamiaceae Species. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217427. [PMID: 36364258 PMCID: PMC9656622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Distillation is the most widely used method to obtain an essential oil from plant material. The biomass used in the process is returned as a solid residue together with variable amounts of water rich in water-soluble compounds, which currently are not addressed to any further application. The scope of this work was to evaluate the phytochemical composition of wastewaters coming from hydrodistillation (DWWs) of five aromatic plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and to assess their in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The phenolic profiles of the DWWs were determined by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI/MS. Free radical scavenging ability, oxygen radical antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase mimetic activity of the samples under study were measured. Moreover, to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the DWWs, an in vitro experimental model of intestinal inflammation was used. The DWW samples’ phytochemical analysis allowed the identification of 37 phenolic compounds, all exhibiting good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Our study contributes to the knowledge on the polyphenolic composition of the DWWs of five aromatic plants of the Lamiaceae family. The results highlight the presence of compounds with proven biological activity, and therefore of great interest in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Napoli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.N.); (F.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carrubba
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Build 4, Entr. L, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Sarno
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Build 4, Entr. L, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cristani
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.N.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Gresta F, Calvi A, Santonoceto C, Strano T, Ruberto G. Agronomic traits and essential oil profiles of Humulus lupulus L. cultivated in southern Italy. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2022.2103190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Gresta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Calvi
- Department AGRARIA, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Carmelo Santonoceto
- Department AGRARIA, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Tonia Strano
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catania, Italy
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Kapustová M, Granata G, Napoli E, Puškárová A, Bučková M, Pangallo D, Geraci C. Nanoencapsulated Essential Oils with Enhanced Antifungal Activity for Potential Application on Agri-Food, Material and Environmental Fields. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10010031. [PMID: 33401404 PMCID: PMC7824627 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a new frontier of this century that finds applications in various fields of science with important effects on our life and on the environment. Nanoencapsulation of bioactive compounds is a promising topic of nanotechnology. The excessive use of synthetic compounds with antifungal activity has led to the selection of resistant fungal species. In this context, the use of plant essential oils (EOs) with antifungal activity encapsulated in ecofriendly nanosystems could be a new and winning strategy to overcome the problem. We prepared nanoencapsules containing the essential oils of Origanum vulgare (OV) and Thymus capitatus (TC) by the nanoprecipitation method. The colloidal suspensions were characterized for size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, efficiency of encapsulation (EE) and loading capacity (LC). Finally, the essential oil nanosuspensions were assayed against a panel of fourteen fungal strains belonging to the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla. Our results show that the nanosystems containing thyme and oregano essential oils were active against various fungal strains from natural environments and materials. In particular, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were two to four times lower than the pure essential oils. The aqueous, ecofriendly essential oil nanosuspensions with broad-spectrum antifungal activity could be a valid alternative to synthetic products, finding interesting applications in the agri-food and environmental fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdaléna Kapustová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (A.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Granata
- Istituto Chimica Biomolecolare–Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (E.N.)
| | - Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto Chimica Biomolecolare–Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (E.N.)
| | - Andrea Puškárová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (A.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Mária Bučková
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (A.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Domenico Pangallo
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (A.P.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (C.G.); Tel.: +421-2-5930-7443 (D.P.); +39-095-733-8318 (C.G.)
| | - Corrada Geraci
- Istituto Chimica Biomolecolare–Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (C.G.); Tel.: +421-2-5930-7443 (D.P.); +39-095-733-8318 (C.G.)
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Capatina L, Todirascu-Ciornea E, Napoli EM, Ruberto G, Hritcu L, Dumitru G. Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil Protects Zebrafish against Cognitive Dysfunction by Regulating Cholinergic and Antioxidants Systems. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111083. [PMID: 33158153 PMCID: PMC7694219 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus vulgaris L. is an aromatic herb used for medicinal purposes such as antimicrobial, spasmolytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antitumor, and may have beneficial effects in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The present study aimed to investigate whether Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil enhances cognitive function via the action on cholinergic neurons using scopolamine (Sco)-induced zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of memory impairments. Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil (TEO, 25, 150, and 300 µL/L) was administered by immersion to zebrafish once daily for 13 days, whereas memory impairment was induced by Sco (100 μM), a muscarinic receptor antagonist, delivered 30 min before behavioral tests. Spatial memory was assessed using the Y-maze test and novel object recognition test (NOR). Anxiety and depression were measured in the novel tank diving test (NTT). Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to study the phytochemical composition of TEO. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress response in the brain of zebrafish were determined. TEO ameliorated Sco-induced increasing of AChE activity, amnesia, anxiety, and reduced the brain antioxidant capacity. These results suggest that TEO may have preventive and/or therapeutic potentials in the management of memory deficits and brain oxidative stress in zebrafish with amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Capatina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (L.C.); (E.T.-C.); (G.D.)
| | - Elena Todirascu-Ciornea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (L.C.); (E.T.-C.); (G.D.)
| | - Edoardo Marco Napoli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council ICB-CNR, 95126 Catania, Italy; (E.M.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council ICB-CNR, 95126 Catania, Italy; (E.M.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (L.C.); (E.T.-C.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-232-201-666
| | - Gabriela Dumitru
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (L.C.); (E.T.-C.); (G.D.)
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Bouyahya A, Chamkhi I, Guaouguaou FE, Benali T, Balahbib A, El Omari N, Taha D, El-Shazly M, El Menyiy N. Ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and food benefits of Thymus capitatus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112925. [PMID: 32423878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Thymus capitatusHoffm. et Link. is an endemic medicinal plant to the Mediterranean region. It is used in folk medicine to treat various diseases including diabetes, flu, cough, flatulence, dermatitis, indigestion, respiratory disorders, asthma, rheumatic, diarrhea, and influenza. It is also used as antiseptic, analgesic, stimulant, and sedative. AIM OF THE REVIEW In this review, previous reports on T. capitatusconcerningits taxonomy, botanical description, geographical distribution, ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and food benefits were critically summarized. MATERIALS AND METHODS Scientificsearch engines including PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley Online, Scifnder, and Google Scholar were consulted to gather data on T. capitatus. The data presented in this work summarize T. capitatus phytochemical compounds, ethnomedicinaluses, pharmacological properties, and food value. RESULTS In traditional medicine, T. capitatusis used to treat various illnesses including diabetes, dermatitis, and diarrhea. The essential oils and extracts of T. capitatus exhibited several biological properties such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, antiparasitic, hypoglycemic, anticancer, antiviral, and hepatoprotective effects. T. capitatus possesses high nutritional value and its essential oil showed promising activity in food preservation. Phytochemical characterization of T. capitatus revealed the presence of several classes of secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. CONCLUSIONS Ethnomedicinal surveys indicated the use of T. capitatus for the treatment of various disorders. Pharmacological reports showed that T. capitatus especially its essential oils, exhibited potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects. These findings confirmed the link between traditional medicinal use and scientific biological results. Moreover, T. capitatus exhibited a potent food preservative effect which justifies its use in traditional medicine as a food additive. In light of these findings, further studies to validate the industrial applications of T. capitatus essential oils as a food additive are required. Further investigations on the in vivo pharmacological properties of T. capitatus are strongly recommended to validate the results of its clinical uses as an antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and antiviral agent. Toxicological tests and pharmacokinetic investigations are also needed to validate the safety and efficacy ofT. capitatus and its bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, And Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Imane Chamkhi
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Fatima-Ezzahrae Guaouguaou
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, SidiMohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez B.P.: 1223, Taza-Gare. Taza, Morocco.
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- Laboratory of Zoology and General Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Douae Taha
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie, Modélisation Moléculaire, Matériaux, Nanomatériaux, Eau et Environnement, CERNE2D, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology & Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco.
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Constructed Wetlands as Sustainable Technology for the Treatment and Reuse of the First-Flush Stormwater in Agriculture—A Case Study in Sicily (Italy). WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12092542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a case study that was carried out on a Sicilian company (Italy) dealing with separate waste collection and recycling of glass. The aims of this study were to evaluate the overall efficiency of a vertical subsurface flow system (VSSFs) constructed wetland (CW) operating for the treatment of first-flush stormwater and the effects of treated wastewater on the morphological and aesthetic characteristics of ornamental pepper and rosemary plants. The system had a total surface area of 46.80 m2 and was planted with common reed and giant reed. Wastewater samples were taken from October 2018 to July 2019 at the CW inlet and outlet for chemical-physical and microbiological characterization of the wastewater. Two separate experimental fields of rosemary and ornamental pepper were set up in another Sicilian location. Three sources of irrigation water, two accessions of rosemary and two varieties of ornamental pepper were tested in a split-plot design for a two-factor experiment. The results showed very high organic pollutant removal (BOD5 75–83%, COD 65–69%) and a good efficiency of nutrients (TN 60–66%) and trace metals (especially for Cu and Zn) removal. Escherichia coli concentration levels were always lower than 100 CFU 100 mL−1 during the test period. Irrigation water and plant habitus had significant effects on all the morphological and aesthetic characteristics of the plants. For both the crops, plants irrigated with freshwater and treated wastewater had greater growth and showed a better general appearance in comparison with plants irrigated with wastewater. The higher trace metal levels in the wastewater produced adverse effects on plant growth and reduced the visual quality of the plants. Our results suggest the suitability of a VSSFs constructed wetland for the treatment of first-flush stormwater and the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation purposes, in accordance with legislation requirements concerning wastewater quality.
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Napoli E, Dattilo S, Ruberto G. Hydrodistillation of Trachelospermum jasminoides Lindl. flowers. An analysis of essential oil, hydrolate and polyphenols content of the process wastes. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2020.1808538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche , Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro Dattilo
- Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche , Catania, Italy
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Herbicidal Activity of Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. Essential Oil. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122832. [PMID: 32575453 PMCID: PMC7357079 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioherbicidal potential of Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. essential oil (EO) and its main compound carvacrol was investigated. In in vitro assays, the EO blocked the germination and seedling growth of Erigeron canadensis L., Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L., and Chenopodium album L. at 0.125 µL/mL, of Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv., Avena fatua L., and Solanum nigrum L. at 0.5 µL/mL, of Amaranthus retroflexus L. at 1 µL/mL and of Portulaca oleracea L., and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. at 2 µL/mL. Under greenhouse conditions, T. capitata EO was tested towards the emergent weeds from a soil seedbank in pre and post emergence, showing strong herbicidal potential in both assays at 4 µL/mL. In addition, T. capitata EO, applied by spraying, was tested against P. oleracea, A. fatua and E. crus-galli. The species showed different sensibility to the EO, being E. crus-galli the most resistant. Experiments were performed against A. fatua testing T. capitata EO and carvacrol applied by spraying or by irrigation. It was verified that the EO was more active at the same doses in monocotyledons applied by irrigation and in dicotyledons applied by spraying. Carvacrol effects on Arabidopsis root morphology were also studied.
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Napoli E, Siracusa L, Ruberto G. New Tricks for Old Guys: Recent Developments in the Chemistry, Biochemistry, Applications and Exploitation of Selected Species from the Lamiaceae Family. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900677. [PMID: 31967708 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lamiaceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants comprising about 250 genera and over 7,000 species. Most of the plants of this family are aromatic and therefore important source of essential oils. Lamiaceae are widely used as culinary herbs and reported as medicinal plants in several folk traditions. In the Mediterranean area oregano, sage, rosemary, thyme and lavender stand out for geographical diffusion and variety of uses. The aim of this review is to provide recent data dealing with the phytochemical and pharmacological studies, and the more recent applications of the essential oils and the non-volatile phytocomplexes. This literature survey suggests how the deeper understanding of biomolecular processes in the health and food sectors as per as pest control bioremediation of cultural heritage, or interaction with human microbiome, fields, leads to the rediscovery and new potential applications of well-known plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, IT-95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, IT-95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, IT-95126, Catania, Italy
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Hizem A, M’rad S, Oudni-M’rad M, Mezhoud H, Ben Jannet H, Flamini G, Ghedira K, Babba H. In vitro scolicidal activity of Thymus capitatus Hoff. et Link. essential oil on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2019.1711212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amani Hizem
- Université de Monastir, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, LP3M: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, LR 12ES08, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Selim M’rad
- Université de Monastir, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, LP3M: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, LR 12ES08, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Myriam Oudni-M’rad
- Université de Monastir, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, LP3M: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, LR 12ES08, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Habib Mezhoud
- Université de Monastir, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, LP3M: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, LR 12ES08, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité, Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute” Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kamel Ghedira
- Unité des Substances naturelles bioactives et biotechnologie, UR17 ES49, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Hamouda Babba
- Université de Monastir, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, LP3M: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, LR 12ES08, Monastir, Tunisie
- Laboratoire B, Centre de maternité EPS F. Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisie
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Jaouadi R, Silva AMS, Boussaid M, Yahia IBH, Cardoso SM, Zaouali Y. Differentiation of Phenolic Composition Among Tunisian Thymus algeriensis Boiss. et Reut. ( Lamiaceae) Populations: Correlation to Bioactive Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E515. [PMID: 31661910 PMCID: PMC6912602 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
: Twelve Tunisian Thymus algeriensis populations growing wild in different bioclimatic zones, extending from the subhumid to the upper-arid bioclimates, were compared regarding their phenolic composition and their ability to serve as antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antibacterial agents. A significant variation of phenol profile was observed between the analyzed populations, as assessed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and an electrospray mass spectrometer (UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn) technique. Rosmarinic acid was the main phenolic compound in most populations (383.8-1157.8 µg/mL extract), but still, those from the upper-arid bioclimatic zone were distinguished by the presence of carvacrol (1374.7 and 2221.6 µg/mL extract), which was absent in the remaining ones. T. algeriensis methanolic extracts were found to possess a substantial antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities, with significant variation observed between populations, which were correlated to their phenolic contents. The antibacterial activity of the extracts tested against seven bacteria was revealed only by populations collected from upper-arid bioclimate and mainly associated with the presence of carvacrol. Extracts revealed a bacteriostatic effect against all bacteria (MIC = 1.4 mg/mL). Yet, the bactericidal activity (MBC = 1.4mg/mL) was restricted to the gram-negative bacteria Escherchia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mohamed Boussaid
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia.
| | - Imen B H Yahia
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia.
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Yosr Zaouali
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia.
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Activity of Thymus capitatus essential oil components against in vitro cultured Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes and germinal layer cells. Parasitology 2019; 146:956-967. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe essential oil (EO) of Thymus capitatus, seven fractions (F1–F7) obtained from silica gel chromatography, and several pure EO components were evaluated with respect to in vitro activities against Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes and germinal layer (GL) cells. Attempts to evaluate physical damage in metacestodes by phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) assay failed because EO and F1–F7 interfered with the PGI-activity measurements. A metacestode viability assay based on Alamar Blue, as well as transmission electron microscopy, demonstrated that exposure to EO, F2 and F4 impaired metacestode viability. F2 and F4 exhibited higher toxicity against metacestodes than against mammalian cells, whereas EO was as toxic to mammalian cells as to the parasite. However, none of these fractions exhibited notable activity against isolated E. multilocularis GL cells. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that carvacrol was the major component of the EO (82.4%), as well as of the fractions F3 (94.4%), F4 (98.1%) and F5 (90.7%). Other major components of EO were β-caryophyllene, limonene, thymol and eugenol. However, exposure of metacestodes to these components was ineffective. Thus, fractions F2 and F4 of T. capitatus EO contain potent anti-echinococcal compounds, but the activities of these two fractions are most likely based on synergistic effects between several major and minor constituents.
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Siracusa L, Napoli E, Tuttolomondo T, Licata M, La Bella S, Gennaro MC, Leto C, Sarno M, Sperlinga E, Ruberto G. A Two-Year Bio-Agronomic and Chemotaxonomic Evaluation of Wild Sicilian Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) Berries and Leaves. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800575. [PMID: 30561831 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A collection of nine Myrtus communis samples from different localities of Sicily was evaluated. Morphological traits and production characteristics have been chosen as parameters to arrange the samples into homogeneous groups and to identify the best biotypes for possible future agro-industrial exploitation. The plant material has been subjected to taxonomic characterization from biometric and phytochemical perspectives. Myrtle berries and leaves have been analyzed for their content in metabolites, applying a cascade extraction protocol for M. communis leaves and a single hydroalcoholic extraction for berries, whereas hydrodistillation procedures have been applied to obtain the essential oils from berries and leaves. The analyses of non-volatile components were carried out by LC-UV-DAD-ESI-MS. All the extracts were characterized by the presence of numerous polyphenols, namely highly hydroxylated flavonols such as quercetin and myricetin; and ellagic acid detected in all samples. In addition, myrtle berries contained nine different anthocyanins, namely delphinidin, petunidin, cyanidin and malvidin derivatives. The essential oils (EOs) were analyzed by a combination of GC-FID and GC/MS. A total of 33 and 34 components were fully characterized with the predominance of α-pinene, myrtenyl acetate, linalool, 1,8-cineole and linalyl acetate. All phytochemical profiles were subjected to cluster analyses, which allowed subdividing the myrtle samples in different chemical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Siracusa
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 -, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 -, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Teresa Tuttolomondo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 -, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Licata
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 -, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore La Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 -, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gennaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 -, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Leto
- Co.Ri.S.S.I.A. Consorzio di ricerca per lo Sviluppo di Sistemi Innovativi Agroambientali, Viale Libertà, 203 -, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Sarno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 -, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisa Sperlinga
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 -, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 -, 95126, Catania, Italy
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Napoli E, Siracusa L, Ruberto G, Carrubba A, Lazzara S, Speciale A, Cimino F, Saija A, Cristani M. Phytochemical profiles, phototoxic and antioxidant properties of eleven Hypericum species - A comparative study. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 152:162-173. [PMID: 29775867 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum is one out of the nine genera belonging to the botanical family Clusiaceae Lindl (syn. Hypericaceae Juss.; APG III, 2009). The genus contains 484 species spread worldwide, one of which, Hypericum perforatum, is largely used in folk medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, along with the antioxidant and phototoxic activity, of 11 Hypericum species grown in Sicily (H. perforatum L., H. aegypticum L., H. androsaemum L., H. calycinum L., H. hircinum L., H. hirsutum L., H. montanum L., H. patulum Thunb., H. perfoliatum L., H. pubescens Boiss., H. tetrapterum Fr.). Samples of flowering tops collected from these Hypericum species were extracted and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) to determine their content of main polyphenols, acylphloroglucinols, and naphthodianthrones. The extracts were also subjected to a photocytotoxic assay using murine fibroblast (NIH/3T3), and their antioxidant activity evaluated by means of Folin-Ciocalteau, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity assays. Phytochemical analysis allowed us to identify and quantify 20 metabolites, each of them possessing a well-known biological activity. Furthermore, all examined species showed a good cytotoxic and antioxidant/radical scavenging activity. These results indicate that in addition to the well-known H. perforatum, at least other three species (H. tetrapterum, H. pubescens, and H. montanum) represent potential sources of biologically active compounds, and at least other two species (H. perfoliatum and H. tetrapterum), due to their phototoxicity are candidates for application in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy.
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carrubba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle scienze, Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Lazzara
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione (CREA), s.s. 113-Km 245,500, 90011 Bagheria, PA, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cristani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, Italy
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Screening of the most consumed beverages and spices for their bioactive non-nutrient contents. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Jaouadi R, Cardoso SM, Silva AM, Ben Hadj Yahia I, Boussaid M, Zaouali Y. Variation of phenolic constituents of Tunisian Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoff. et Link. populations. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tzima K, Brunton NP, Rai DK. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Polyphenols in Lamiaceae Plants-A Review. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7020025. [PMID: 29587434 PMCID: PMC6027318 DOI: 10.3390/plants7020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lamiaceae species are promising potential sources of natural antioxidants, owing to their high polyphenol content. In addition, increasing scientific and epidemiological evidence have associated consumption of foods rich in polyphenols with health benefits such as decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases mediated through anti-inflammatory effects. The complex and diverse nature of polyphenols and the huge variation in their levels in commonly consumed herbs make their analysis challenging. Innovative robust analytical tools are constantly developing to meet these challenges. In this review, we present advances in the state of the art for the identification and quantification of polyphenols in Lamiaceae species. Novel chromatographic techniques that have been employed in the past decades are discussed, ranging from ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography to hyphenated spectroscopic methods, whereas performance characteristics such as selectivity and specificity are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Tzima
- Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland.
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04V1W8, Ireland.
| | - Nigel P Brunton
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04V1W8, Ireland.
| | - Dilip K Rai
- Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland.
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Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP, Picos-Salas MA, Leyva-López N, Criollo-Mendoza MS, Vazquez-Olivo G, Heredia JB. Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids from Oregano: Occurrence, Biological Activity and Health Benefits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E2. [PMID: 29278371 PMCID: PMC5874591 DOI: 10.3390/plants7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Several herb species classified as oregano have been widely used in folk medicine to alleviate inflammation-related diseases, respiratory and digestive disorders, headaches, rheumatism, diabetes and others. These potential health benefits are partially attributed to the phytochemical compounds in oregano such as flavonoids (FL) and phenolic acids (PA). Flavonoids and phenolic acids are among the most abundant and most studied phytochemicals in oregano species. Epidemiological, in vitro and in vivo experiments have related long-term consumption of dietary FL and PA with a decreased risk of incidence of chronic diseases. The aim of this manuscript is to summarize the latest studies on the identification and distribution of flavonoids and phenolic compounds from oregano species and their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick P Gutiérrez-Grijalva
- Laboratorio de Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo el Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Manuel A Picos-Salas
- Laboratorio de Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo el Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Nayely Leyva-López
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Planta de Alimentos, CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Av. Sábalo-Cerritos s/n, Mazatlán CP 82100, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Marilyn S Criollo-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo el Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Vazquez-Olivo
- Laboratorio de Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo el Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - J Basilio Heredia
- Laboratorio de Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo el Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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