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Mohammadpoor-Baltork I, Khosropour AR, Aliyan H. A Convenient and Chemoselective Acetylation and Formylation of Alcohols and Phenols Using Acetic Acid and Ethyl Formate in the Presence of Bi(III) Salts. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823401103169775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A variety of alcohols are acetylated and formylated efficiently with acetic acid and ethyl formate in the presence of catalytic amounts of Bi(III) salts such as BiCl3, Bi(TFA)3 and Bi(OTf)3. BiCl3 and Bi(OTf)3 are also effective catalysts for acetylation of phenols. All of these catalysts are ineffective in formylation of phenols. Selective acetylation and formylation of alcohols in the presence of phenols is an additional advantage of this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamid Aliyan
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University, Isfahan 81744, Iran
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Fiume MM, Heldreth BA, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA. Safety Assessment of Ethanolamides as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2015; 34:18S-34S. [PMID: 26227889 DOI: 10.1177/1091581815586599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Panel) rereviewed the safety of 28 ethanolamides and found them safe in the present practices of use and concentration when they are formulated to be nonirritating, and that these ingredients should not be used in cosmetic products in which N-nitroso compounds may be formed. Most of the ethanolamides are reported to function in cosmetics as hair-conditioning agents, skin-conditioning agents, and surfactant-foam boosters. The Panel reviewed available animal and clinical data, as well as information from previous CIR reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monice M Fiume
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart A Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Chemist, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - F Alan Andersen
- Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
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Aleiwi BA, Mitachi K, Kurosu M. Mild and convenient N-formylation protocol in water-containing solvents. Tetrahedron Lett 2013; 54:2077-2081. [PMID: 23908559 PMCID: PMC3727664 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have realized that N-formylations of free amines of some drug leads can improve PK/PD property of parent molecules without decreasing their biological activities. In order to selectively formylate primary amines of polyfunctional molecules, we have sought a mild and convenient formylation reaction. In our screening of N-formylation of an α-amino acid, L-phenylalanine, none of formylation conditions reported to date yielded the desired HCO-L-Phe-OH with satisfactory yield. N-Formylations of amino acids with HCO2H require the reactions in a water-containing media and suppress polymerization reactions due to the competitive reactions among carboxylic acids. We found that N-formylations of α-amino acids could be achieved with a water-soluble peptide coupling additive, an oxyma derivative, (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl-2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetate (2), EDCI, and NaHCO3 in water or a mixture of water and DMF system, yielding N-formylated α-amino acids with excellent yields. Moreover, these conditions could selectively formylate primary amines over secondary amines at a controlled temperature. A usefulness of these conditions was demonstrated by selective formylation of daptomycin antibiotic which contains three different amino groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal A. Aleiwi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Mitachi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Michio Kurosu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Wang M, Wang L, Li PH, Yan JC. A novel debromination of vic-dibromides to alkenes with InCl3(cat.)/Sm system in aqueous media. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20040220820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Deutsch J, Niclas HJ. A Convenient Procedure for the Formylation of Amines and Alcohols Using Cyanomethyl Formate. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919308011251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Petrillo G, Novi M, Garbarino G, Filiberti M. The reaction between arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates and alkaline thiocarboxylates in DMSO: A convenient access to aryl thiolesters and other aromatic sulfur derivatives. Tetrahedron 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)89203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Effenberger F, Brodt W. 2(1H)-Pyridon als Austrittsgruppe bei Acylierungsreaktionen — Anwendungen in der Peptidchemie. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19851180209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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Effenberger F, Brodt W, Zinczuk J. RegioselektiveN- bzw.O-Tritylierung von 2(1H)-Pyridon — (Triphenylmethyl)pyridone als Tritylierungsagentien. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19831160903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Effenberger F, Keil M, Bessey E. Darstellung vonN-Formylpyridonen — Selektive Veresterung primärer, sekundärer und tertiärer Alkohole mitN-Acylpyridonen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19801130607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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