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Fuchibe K, Yamada A, Hachinohe K, Matsumoto K, Takayama R, Ichikawa J. Synthesis of Difluoroalkenes from Thiocarbonyl Compounds via Difluorothiiranes: Electrophilic Counterpart to Wittig-Type Difluoromethylidenation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Fuchibe
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Kosei Hachinohe
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Kana Matsumoto
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Ryo Takayama
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Junji Ichikawa
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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2
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Mlostoń G, Kula K, Jasiński R. A DFT Study on the Molecular Mechanism of Additions of Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Carbenes to Non-Enolizable Cycloaliphatic Thioketones. Molecules 2021; 26:5562. [PMID: 34577032 PMCID: PMC8466156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of addition of dihalocarbenes and dimethoxycarbene to thioketones derived from 2,2,4,4-tetrmethylcyclobutane-1,3-dione were examined on the basis of the DFT wb97xd/6-311g(d,p)(PCM) calculations. Obtained results demonstrated that the examined processes exhibit polar nature and in the case of electrophilic dichloro-, and dibromocarbenes are initiated by the attack of carbene species onto the sulfur atom of the C=S group. Remarkably, reactions involving more electrophilic carbenes (dichloro-, and dibromocarbene) proceeds via stepwise mechanism involving thiocarbonyl ylide as a transient intermediate. In contrast, analogous reactions with nucleophilic dimethoxycarbene occur via a single step reaction, which can be considered as the [2 + 1] cycloaddition reaction initiated by the attack onto the C=S bond. A computational study showed that difluorocarbene tends to react as a nucleophilic species and resembles rather dimethoxycarbene and not typical dihalocarbene species. Significantly higher reactivity of the thioketone unit in comparison to the ketone group, both present in 3-thioxo-2,2,4,4-tetramthylcyclobutanone molecule, was rationalized in the light of DFT computational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Mlostoń
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, PL-91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Kula
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, PL-31-155 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, PL-31-155 Krakow, Poland;
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Salta Z, Segovia ME, Katz A, Tasinato N, Barone V, Ventura ON. Isomerization and Fragmentation Reactions on the [C 2SH 4] Potential Energy Surface: The Metastable Thione S-Methylide Isomer. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2941-2956. [PMID: 33501826 PMCID: PMC8023414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thione S-methylide, parent species of the thiocarbonyl ylide family, is a 1,3-dipolar species on the [C2SH4] potential energy surface, not so much studied as its isomers, thiirane, vinyl thiol, and thioacetaldehyde. The conrotatory ring-closure reaction toward thiirane was studied in the 90s, but no complete analysis of the potential energy surface is available. In this paper, we report a computational study of the reaction scheme linking all species. We employed several computational methods (density functional theory, CCSD(T) composite schemes, and CASSCF/CASPT2 multireference procedures) to find the best description of thione S-methylide, its isomers, and transition states. The barrier from thiirane to thione S-methylide amounts to 52.2 kcal mol-1 (against 17.6 kcal mol-1 for the direct one), explaining why thiocarbonyl ylides cannot be prepared from thiiranes. Conversion of thiirane to vinyl thiol implies a large barrier, supporting why the reaction has been observed only at high temperatures. Fragmentations of thiirane to S(3P) or S(1D) and ethylene as well as decomposition to hydrogen sulfide plus acetylene were also explored. Triplet and singlet open-shell species were identified as intermediates in the fragmentations, with energies lower than the transition state between thiirane and vinyl thiol, explaining the preference of the latter at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Salta
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marc E Segovia
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, CCBG, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Aline Katz
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, CCBG, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicola Tasinato
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Oscar N Ventura
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, CCBG, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Mlostoń G, Heimgartner H. Reactions of thiocarbonyl compounds with electrophilic and nucleophilic carbenes as well as with their metal complexes. J Sulphur Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2020.1780237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Mlostoń
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Siadati SA. Beyond the Alternatives that Switch the Mechanism of the 1,3-Dipolar CyCloadditions from Concerted to Stepwise or Vice Versa: A Literature Review. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/146867816x14719552202168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, the concerted or stepwise character of the mechanism of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction has been one of the most debated issues in the field of organic chemistry. The significance of this problem is due to the fact that in a catalyst-free 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, when the mechanism switches from concerted to stepwise, the stereospecificity is lost and thus unwanted stereoisomers may emerge. The first proposals about the mechanism of the 1,3-dipolar reaction were due to Huisgen (concerted model) and subsequently by Firestone (two-step diradical channel) in the 1960s. After a decade of debate, most researchers accepted the concerted model for the reaction, but during these years, researchers reported some examples of the stepwise mechanism for catalyst-free 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. This review attempts to find a number of factors that could influence the reaction channels and switch the mechanism from concerted to stepwise, or vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Amir Siadati
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic
Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
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Mloston G, Romanski J, McKee ML, Reisenauer HP, Schreiner PR. Thermal Reactions of Regioisomeric 1,2,4-TrithiolaneS-Oxides. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Bernet B, Mäder T, Vasella A. Glyconothio-O-lactones. Part III. Thermolysis of a 4,5-Dihydro-1,2,3- and a 2,5-Dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazole. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19970800422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mlostoń G, Gendek T, Heimgartner H. Synthese von Trifluoromethyl-substituierten Schwefel-Heterocyclen unter Verwendung von 3,3,3-Trifluorobrenztraubensäure-Derivaten. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19960790604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Miostoń G, Romańsld J, Linden A, Heimgartner H. Ringöffnungen von sterisch gehinderten spirocyclischen 2, 5-Dihydro-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolen mit cycloaliphatischen, sekundären Aminen. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19970800121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mloston G, Huisgen R, Giera H. Reactions of a sterically hindered tetrasubstituted thiocarbonyl ylide with acceptor-substituted ethylenes; regioselectivity and stereochemistry. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Mlosto? G, Gendek T, Linden A, Heimgartner H. [2+3] Cycloadditions of ?Thiocarbonyl Ylides? (= (Alkylidenesulfonio)methanides) and diazoalkanes withN,N?-(thiocarbonyl)diimidazole (= 1,1?-(carbonothioyl)bis[1H-imidazole]). Helv Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19980810108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Fragmentations of Five-Membered Rings. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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Fabian J, Hess BA. λ4σ2-Sulfur Heterocycles. An ab Initio and Density Functional Study. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo961776e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Fabian
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - B. Andes Hess
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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Fabian J, Wolff T. Theoretical study on O-, N- and S-ylidic photoisomers derived from phenylvinylethers, phenylvinylthioethers and phenylvinylamines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(95)04291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Mlosto? G, Heimgartner H. Bildung von 1,2,4-Trithiolanen in Dreikomponenten-Gemischen aus Phenyl-azid, aromatischen Thioketonen und 2,2,4,4-Tetramethylcyclobutanthionen: Eine Schwefel-Transfer-Reaktion unter Bildung von ?Thiocarbonylthiolaten? ((Alkylidensulfonio)thiolaten) als reaktive Zwischenstufen. Helv Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19950780520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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