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Katiyar S, Ahmad S, Kumar A, Ansari A, Bisen AC, Ahmad I, Gulzar F, Bhatta RS, Tamrakar AK, Sashidhara KV. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 1,4-Dihydropyridine-Indole as a Potential Antidiabetic Agent via GLUT4 Translocation Stimulation. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11957-11974. [PMID: 39013034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
In the quest for the discovery of antidiabetic compounds, a series of 27 1,4-dihydropyridine-indole derivatives were synthesized using a diversity approach. These compounds were systematically evaluated for their antidiabetic activity, starting with an in vitro assessment for GLUT4 translocation stimulation in L6-GLUT4myc myotubes, followed by in vivo antihyperglycemic activity evaluation in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Among the synthesized compounds, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 27, and 35 demonstrated significant potential to stimulate GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle cells. Compound 19 exhibited the highest potency and was selected for in vivo evaluation. A notable reduction of 21.6% (p < 0.01) in blood glucose levels was observed after 5 h of treatment with compound 19 in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic studies affirmed that compound 19 was favorable to oral exposure with suitable pharmacological parameters. Overall, compound 19 emerged as a promising lead compound for further structural modification and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Katiyar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shadab Ahmad
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Alisha Ansari
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ishbal Ahmad
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Farah Gulzar
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ošiņa K, Leonova E, Isajevs S, Baumane L, Rostoka E, Sjakste T, Bisenieks E, Duburs G, Vīgante B, Sjakste N. Modifications of expression of genes and proteins involved in DNA repair and nitric oxide metabolism by carbatonides [disodium-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine- 3,5-bis(carbonyloxyacetate) derivatives] in intact and diabetic rats. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 68:212-227. [PMID: 28976888 DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus complications indicate that the compounds reducing free radicals and enhancing DNA repair could be prospective as possible remedies. Carbatonides, the disodium-2,6-dimethyl-1,4- dihydropyridine-3,5-bis(carbonyloxyacetate) derivatives, were tested for these properties. EPR spectroscopy showed that metcarbatone was an effective scavenger of hydroxyl radicals produced in the Fenton reaction, etcarbatone, and propcarbatone were less effective, styrylcarbatone was ineffective. UV/VIS spectroscopy revealed that styrylcarbatone manifested a hyperchromic effect when interacting with DNA, while all other carbatonides showeda hypochromic effect. Rats with streptozotocin induced type 1 DM were treated with metcarbatone, etcarbatone or styrylcarbatone (all compounds at doses 0.05 mg kg-1 or 0.5 mg kg-1) nine days after the DM approval. Gene expression levels in kidneys and blood were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR; protein expression - immunohistochemically in kidneys, heart, sciatic nerve, and eyes; DNA breakage - by comet assay in nucleated blood cells. Induction of DM induced DNA breaks; metcarbatone and styrylcarbatone (low dose) alleviated this effect. Metcarbatone and etcarbatone up-regulated mRNA and protein of eNOS in kidneys of diabetic animals; etcarbatone also in myocardium. Etcarbatone reduced the expression of increased iNOS protein in myocardium, nerve, and kidneys. iNos gene expression was up-regulated in kidneys by etcarbatone and metcarbatone in diabetic animals. In blood, development of DM increased iNos gene expression; etcarbatone and metcarbatone normalised it. Etcarbatone up-regulated the expression of H2AX in kidneys of diabetic animals but decreased the production of c-PARP1. Taken together, our data indicate that carbatonides might have a potential as drugs intended to treat DM complications.
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Ko JR, Seo DY, Park SH, Kwak HB, Kim M, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Han J. Aerobic exercise training decreases cereblon and increases AMPK signaling in the skeletal muscle of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:448-453. [PMID: 29730289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cereblon (CRBN) has been reported as a negative regulator of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Aerobic exercise training has been shown to increase AMPK, which resulted in glucose regulation in skeletal muscle. However, the expression level of CRBN and its association with the physiological modulation of glucose are still unclear. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (5-week-old, n = 18) were assigned to control, streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg)-induced diabetic group, and STZ + exercise (STZ + EXE) group with six rats in each group. Rats in the STZ + EXE group exercised by treadmill running (20 m/min, 60 min, 4 times/week) for 8 weeks. Compared with the STZ group, blood glucose was significantly decreased in the STZ + EXE group. The skeletal muscle of rats in the STZ + EXE group showed a significant decrease in CRBN levels and an increase in AMPK, protein kinase B, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5, glucose transporter type 4, superoxide dismutase 1, and uncoupling protein 3 levels. These results suggest that CRBN is a potential regulator of glucose homeostasis in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, our results suggest that aerobic exercise training may provide an important physiological treatment for type 1 diabetes by decreasing CRBN and increasing AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Rim Ko
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yun Seo
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hwan Park
- Department of Physical Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Bum Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Leonova E, Sokolovska J, Boucher JL, Isajevs S, Rostoka E, Baumane L, Sjakste T, Sjakste N. New 1,4-Dihydropyridines Down-regulate Nitric Oxide in Animals with Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes Mellitus and Protect Deoxyribonucleic Acid against Peroxynitrite Action. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:19-31. [PMID: 26663724 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications cause numerous health and social problems throughout the world. Pathogenic actions of nitric oxide (NO) are responsible to a large extent for development of complications of DM. Search for compounds regulating NO production in patients with DM is thus important for the development of pharmacological drugs. Dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) are prospective compounds from this point of view. The goals of this study were to study the in vivo effects of new DHPs on NO and reactive nitrogen and oxygen species production in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model of DM in rats and to study their ability to protect DNA against nocive action of peroxynitrite. STZ-induced diabetes caused an increase in NO production in the liver, kidneys, blood and muscles, but a decrease in NO in adipose tissue of STZ-treated animals. Cerebrocrast treatment was followed by normalization of NO production in the liver, kidneys and blood. Two other DHPs, etaftorone and fenoftorone, were effective in decreasing NO production in kidneys, blood and muscles of diabetic animals. Furthermore, inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and an inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) decreased NO production in kidneys of diabetic animals. Treatment with etaftorone decreased expression of inducible NOS and XOR in kidneys, whereas it increased the expression of endothelial NOS. In vitro, the studied DHPs did not significantly inhibit the activities of NOS and XOR but affected the reactivity of peroxynitrite with DNA. These new DHPs thus appear of strong interest for treatment of DM complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Leonova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jelizaveta Sokolovska
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jean-Luc Boucher
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Biochemistry for Pharmacology and Toxicology, CNRS UMR 8601, University Rene Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Sergejs Isajevs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Evita Rostoka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Tatjana Sjakste
- Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology of the University of Latvia, Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Nikolajs Sjakste
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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Lu Y, Long M, Zhou S, Xu Z, Hu F, Li M. Mibefradil reduces blood glucose concentration in db/db mice. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2014; 69:61-7. [PMID: 24473561 PMCID: PMC3870312 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2014(01)09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous recent studies suggest that abnormal intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) is a common defect in diabetic animal models and patients. Abnormal calcium handling is an important mechanism in the defective pancreatic β-cell function in type 2 diabetes. T-type Ca2+ channel antagonists lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes, but the mechanism remains unknown. METHODS We examined the effect of the Ca2+ channel antagonist mibefradil on blood glucose in male db/db mice and phenotypically normal heterozygous mice by intraperitoneal injection. RESULTS Mibefradil (15 mg/kg, i.p., b.i.d.) caused a profound reduction of fasting blood glucose from 430.92±20.46 mg/dl to 285.20±5.74 mg/dl in three days. The hypoglycemic effect of mibefradil was reproduced by NNC 55-0396, a compound structurally similar to mibefradil but more selective for T-type Ca2+ channels, but not by the specific L-type Ca2+ channel blocker nicardipine. Mibefradil did not show such hypoglycemic effects in heterozygous animals. In addition, triglycerides, basal insulin and food intake were significantly decreased by mibefradil treatment in the db/db mice but not in the controls. Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining showed a significantly increased expression of T-type Ca2+ channel α-subunits Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 in liver and brain tissues from db/db mice compared to those from heterozygous animals. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results suggest that T-type Ca2+ channels are potential therapeutic targets for antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Long
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwen Zhou
- Clinical Pharmacology Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology Institution, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihui Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuquan Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Hospital, Department of Microbiology Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University, New Orleans/LA, United States, Tulane University, Department of Physiology, New Orleans/LA, United States
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Piao J, Lee JE, Shin DH, Kim JS. Pharmacokinetic study of mucoadhesive metformin pellets in rats. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-012-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Anniversaries and dates. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-009-0307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Piao J, Lee JE, Weon KY, Kim DW, Lee JS, Park JDS, Nishiyama Y, Fukui I, Kim JS. Development of novel mucoadhesive pellets of metformin hydrochloride. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:391-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Briede J, Stivrina M, Stoldere D, Vigante B, Duburs G. Effect of cerebrocrast on body and organ weights, food and water intake, and urine output of normal rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2008; 26:908-15. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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