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Ulusoy E, Bozkurt A, Durmaz S, Servi H, Vardar F, Erisen S. Impact of silver nanoparticles on secondary metabolite composition and toxicity in anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) callus culture. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:362. [PMID: 38702604 PMCID: PMC11069286 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are numerous challenges associated with producing desired amounts of secondary metabolites (SMs), which are mostly unique and cannot be chemically synthesized. Many studies indicate that nanoparticles (NPs) can boost the production of SMs. Still, the precise manner in which NPs induce metabolic changes remains unidentified. This study examines the influence of eco-friendly silver NPs (AgNPs) on the chemical makeup and toxicity of Pimpinella anisum L. (anise). RESULTS AgNPs were introduced into anise callus cultures at different concentrations (0, 1.0, 5.0, 10, and 20 mg/L). The induced oxidative stress was tracked over intervals of 7, 14, 28, and 35 days. Chemical composition evaluations were carried out on the 35th day. Within the first 14 days, plant stress was evident, though the plant adapted to the stress later on. Notably, the plant showed high tolerance at 1 mg/L and 5 mg/L concentrations despite increased toxicity levels. However, relatively high toxicity levels were identified at 10 and 20 mg/L. The AgNP-induced stress significantly impacted anise SMs, particularly affecting fatty acid content. In the 10 and 20 mg/L AgNP groups, essential metabolites, including palmitic and linoleic acid, showed a significant increase. Polyunsaturated (omega) and monounsaturated fatty acids, vital for the food and pharmaceutical industries, saw substantial growth in the 1 and 5 mg/L AgNP groups. For the first time, vanillyl alcohol and 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid were detected along with various phenolic compounds, such as t-anethole, Salicylic acid, and Thiamazole. CONCLUSION AgNPs can function as an elicitor to efficiently generate essential SMs such as omegas and phenolic compounds in anise callus culture. This study explores the application of AgNPs as plant elicitors in anise SM production, offering invaluable insight into potential uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Ulusoy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Uskudar University, P. O. Box 34662, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Aysenur Bozkurt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Uskudar University, P. O. Box 34662, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Durmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Uskudar University, P. O. Box 34662, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Servi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeni Yüzyıl University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Vardar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semiha Erisen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Dai P, Tang Z, Qi M, Liu D, Bajinka O, Tan Y. Dispersion and utilization of lipid droplets mediates respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13651. [PMID: 34383332 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory viral infections (RSV) can induce acute asthma attacks, thereby destroying lung function and accelerating the progression of the disease. However, medications in the stable phase of asthma are often not effective for acute attacks induced by viral infections. We aimed to clarify the possible mechanism of viral infection-induced asthma through fatty acid metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS The airway resistances, inflammatory injuries, and oxidative stress in the RSV-induced animal models were significantly higher than those in the control group at acute phase (7 days) and chronic phase (28 days). Moreover, the concentrations of the medium- and long-chain fatty acids in lung tissue at (28 days) were significantly increased, including 14:0 (myristic acid), 16:0 (palmitic acid, PA), 18:1 (oleic acid, OA), and 18:2 (linoleic acid, LA) using non-targeted metabonomics. Airway epithelial cells treated with RSV showed the reduced expression of FSP27, RAB8A, and PLIN5, which caused the fusion and growth of lipid droplet (LD), and increased expression of the LD dispersion gene perilipin 2. There was also a decrease in PPARγ expression and an increase in the fatty acid catabolism gene PPARα, causing lipid oxidation, free fatty acid releases, and an upsurge in IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 expression, which could be abrogated by GPR40 inhibitor. Treated mice or epithelial cells with C18 fatty acid exhibited inhibition of epithelial proliferation, increases of inflammation, and oxidative damage. CONCLUSIONS RSV promoted lipid dispersion and utilization, causing enlarged oxidative injuries and an upsurge in the pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to the progression of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Dai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Centre of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongxiang Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingming Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ousman Bajinka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Centre of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Centre of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Associations of Antioxidant Enzymes with the Concentration of Fatty Acids in the Blood of Men with Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11121281. [PMID: 34945751 PMCID: PMC8704768 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify associations of fatty acids (FAs) with the antioxidant enzymes in the blood of men with coronary atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods: The study included 80 patients: control group—20 men without IHD, the core group—60 men with IHD. The core group was divided into subgroups: subgroup A—with the presence of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, subgroup B—with the absence of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. We analyzed the levels of FAs, free radicals, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the blood. Results. Patients with IHD, compared with the control group: (1) had higher levels of SOD, CAT, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, and octadecenoic FAs; (2) had lower levels of GPx, α-linolenic, docosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, and arachidonic FAs. In subgroup A there were found: (1) negative associations of SOD—with linoleic, eicosatrienoic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic FAs, positive associations—with palmitic acid; (2) positive correlations of CAT level with palmitoleic and stearic acids; (3) negative associations between of GPx and palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic and octadecenoic FAs. Conclusions: Changes in the levels of antioxidant enzymes, and a disbalance of the FAs profile, probably indicate active oxidative processes in the body and may indicate the presence of atherosclerotic changes in the vessels.
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Wang Y, Li C, Ali I, Li L, Wang G. N-acetylcysteine modulates non-esterified fatty acid-induced pyroptosis and inflammation in granulosa cells. Mol Immunol 2020; 127:157-163. [PMID: 32987256 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the perinatal period of dairy cows, negative energy balance (NEB) is likely to occur, which increases the level of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the follicular fluid, hinders the proliferation of granulosa cells (GCs), and thus endangers the development of oocytes and the fecundity of dairy cows. We found that there were oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the serum of cows with perinatal ketosis. Whether the oxidative stress induced by NEFA is involved in the pyroptosis and inflammation of GCs remains unclear. After NEFA treatment, the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 and the release of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β were increased in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that NEFA may contribute to pyroptosis. Besides, NEFA stimulation induced oxidative stress, resulting in the phosphorylation of NF-κB, and increased the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and nitric oxide (NO), indicating that NEFA may induce inflammation in GCs. However, the NEFA-mediated effects were observably reversed when the GCs were pre-treated with antioxidant and radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Taken together, our results reveal that NEFA can induce pyroptosis and inflammation through NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR4/NF-κB pathway, respectively, and NAC can alleviate these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chengmin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Ilyas Ali
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Genlin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Cocato ML, Lobo AR, Azevedo-Martins AK, Filho JM, de Sá LRM, Colli C. Effects of a moderate iron overload and its interaction with yacon flour, and/or phytate, in the diet on liver antioxidant enzymes and hepatocyte apoptosis in rats. Food Chem 2019; 285:171-179. [PMID: 30797332 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of moderate Fe overload in the diet and its interaction with phytate, and/or yacon flour (YF), recognized as an inhibitor, and facilitator, of Fe absorption, respectively, was evaluated in healthy rats. For this purpose the following parameters were analyzed: (1) apparent iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) absorption; (2) blood Fe; (3) blood lipids (cholesterol, tryacylglicerol); (4) blood AST and ALT; (5) liver histology (histopathology, hemosiderin depots, apoptosis index; (6) liver fatty acid incorporation; (7) liver antioxidant enzyme activity. Moderate Fe overload may cause change in some liver markers (hemosiderin depots, apoptosis index and GPx) and blood lipids (total cholesterol and VLDL) and the interaction with yacon flour, and phytate, in the Fe overloaded diets may exert a protective effect on these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucia Cocato
- Department of Food Experimental and Experimental Nutrition, Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of São Paulo University, 05508 900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Rodrigues Lobo
- Department of Food Experimental and Experimental Nutrition, Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of São Paulo University, 05508 900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Mancini Filho
- Department of Food Experimental and Experimental Nutrition, Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of São Paulo University, 05508 900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Rose Marques de Sá
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health of São Paulo University, 05508 900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Célia Colli
- Department of Food Experimental and Experimental Nutrition, Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of São Paulo University, 05508 900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Laskar K, Faisal SM, Rauf A, Ahmed A, Owais M. Undec-10-enoic acid functionalized chitosan based novel nano-conjugate: An enhanced anti-bacterial/biofilm and anti-cancer potential. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 166:14-23. [PMID: 28385217 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid functionalized chitosan conjugates are of great interest in cancer therapeutics because of its internalization through receptor mediated endocytosis into the cancer cells. Keeping the above fact into consideration, herein we synthesized the undec-10-enoic acid functionalized chitosan based undecyl-chitosan (U-CS) nano-bioconjugate with the use of DCC as a coupling agent. The U-CS conjugate synthesized was confirmed and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA, XRD, SEM and TEM analysis. Generally, it is well established that conjugates of oleic acid with human Alpha-lactalbumin (HAMLET) induce cytotoxicity in the altered cells, but not in healthy cells. To check our presumptions, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer potential of U-CS was evaluated against bacterial pathogens (Gram +ve and Gram -ve) and human cancer cell lines (HeLa, MDA-MB-231 and Hep3B). The results of our study clearly revealed that conjugate showed enhance anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm as well as anti-cancer efficacy as compared to pure and free form of the chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Mohd Faisal
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Anees Ahmed
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Ding X, Yang Z, Han Y, Yu H. Correlation of long-chain fatty acid oxidation with oxidative stress and inflammation in pre-eclampsia-like mouse models. Placenta 2015; 36:1442-9. [PMID: 26582505 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-eclampsia has been further recognized as a syndrome during pregnancy. Recent studies have found that long-chain fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorders may be associated with some of pre-eclampsia. However, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of FAO and its relationship with oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. METHODS PE-like groups included ApoC3 transgenic mice with abnormal fatty acid metabolism, classical PE-like models with injection of Nω-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (L-NA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) mouse model with β2GPI injection. The control group included wild-type mice with normal saline injection. Serum FFA was compared and placental and hepatic LCHAD, p47phox and NF-κB mRNA and protein were detected using real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. RESULTS FFA levels were significantly increased and were positively correlated with P47phox and NF-κB mRNA and protein expression in liver of all groups (p < 0.05), except LPS group (p < 0.05) as compared to control. LCHAD mRNA and protein expression in the liver and placenta was significantly increased in ApoC3+NS, ApoC3+L-NA, and β2GPI group, whereas decreased in L-NA group (p < 0.05) as compared to the control group. P47phox mRNA, NF-κB mRNA, and protein expression in the liver of all groups, except in LPS and in the placenta of β2GPI and L-NA groups, significantly increased (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION FAO disorders were involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia through oxidative stress and inflammatory endothelial cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zi Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Yiwei Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, PR China
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Palmitate-induced endothelial dysfunction is attenuated by cyanidin-3-O-glucoside through modulation of Nrf2/Bach1 and NF-κB pathways. Toxicol Lett 2015; 239:152-60. [PMID: 26422990 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFA), commonly elevated in diabetes and obesity, have been shown to impair endothelial functions and cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Anthocyanins represent one of the most important and interesting classes of flavonoids and seem to play a role in preventing cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we investigated the in vitro protective effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) on cell signaling pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to palmitic acid (PA), the most prevalent saturated FFA in circulation. Our data reported a significant augmentation of free radicals and oxidative stress in HUVECs exposed to PA for 3h, while C3G pretreatment improved intracellular redox status altered by FFA. Moreover, C3G significantly inhibited NF-κB proinflammatory pathway and adhesion molecules induced by PA, and these effects were attributed to the activation of Nrf2/EpRE pathway. In fact, C3G induced Nrf2 nuclear localization and activation of cellular antioxidant and cytoprotective genes at baseline and after PA exposure in endothelial cells. Our data confirm the hypothesis that natural Nrf2 inducers, such as C3G, might be a potential therapeutic strategy to protect vascular system against various stressors preventing several pathological conditions.
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de Jong AJ, Kloppenburg M, Toes REM, Ioan-Facsinay A. Fatty acids, lipid mediators, and T-cell function. Front Immunol 2014; 5:483. [PMID: 25352844 PMCID: PMC4195378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research toward the mechanisms underlying obesity-linked complications has intensified during the last years. As a consequence, it has become clear that metabolism and immunity are intimately linked. Free fatty acids and other lipids acquired in excess by current feeding patterns have been proposed to mediate this link due to their immune modulatory capacity. The functional differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, in combination with their dietary intake are believed to modulate the outcome of immune responses. Moreover, unsaturated fatty acids can be oxidized in a tightly regulated and specific manner to generate either potent pro-inflammatory or pro-resolving lipid mediators. These oxidative derivatives of fatty acids have received detailed attention during the last years, as they have proven to have strong immune modulatory capacity, even in pM ranges. Both fatty acids and oxidized fatty acids have been studied especially in relation to macrophage and T-cells functions. In this review, we propose to focus on the effect of fatty acids and their oxidative derivatives on T-cells, as it is an active area of research during the past 5 years. The effect of fatty acids and their derivatives on activation and proliferation of T-cells, as well as the delicate balance between stimulation and lipotoxicity will be discussed. Moreover, the receptors involved in the interaction between free fatty acids and their derivatives with T-cells will be summarized. Finally, the mechanisms involved in modulation of T-cells by fatty acids will be addressed, including cellular signaling and metabolism of T-cells. The in vitro results will be placed in context of in vivo studies both in humans and mice. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on the immune modulatory function of lipids on T-cells and will point out novel directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja J de Jong
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden , Netherlands
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Chen YJ, Wang JJ, Chang LS. Naja nigricollis CMS-9 enhances the mitochondria-mediated death pathway in adaphostin-treated human leukaemia U937 cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 38:755-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Mansego ML, Redon J, Martinez-Hervas S, Real JT, Martinez F, Blesa S, Gonzalez-Albert V, Saez GT, Carmena R, Chaves FJ. Different impacts of cardiovascular risk factors on oxidative stress. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:6146-63. [PMID: 22016650 PMCID: PMC3189774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12096146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate oxidative stress (OS) status in subjects with different cardiovascular risk factors. With this in mind, we have studied three models of high cardiovascular risk: hypertension (HT) with and without metabolic syndrome, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) with and without insulin resistance. Oxidative stress markers (oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehide) together with the activity of antioxidant enzyme triad (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and activation of both pro-oxidant enzyme (NAPDH oxidase components) and AGTR1 genes, as well as antioxidant enzyme genes (CuZn-SOD, CAT, GPX1, GSR, GSS and TXN) were measured in mononuclear cells of controls (n = 20) and patients (n = 90) by assessing mRNA levels. Activity of some of these antioxidant enzymes was also tested. An increase in OS and pro-oxidant gene mRNA values was observed in patients compared to controls. The hypertensive group showed not only the highest OS values, but also the highest pro-oxidant activation compared to those observed in the other groups. In addition, in HT a significantly reduced antioxidant activity and mRNA induction of antioxidant genes were found when compared to controls and the other groups. In FH and FCH, the activation of pro-oxidant enzymes was also higher and antioxidant ones lower than in the control group, although it did not reach the values obtained in hypertensives. The thioredoxin system was more activated in patients as compared to controls, and the highest levels were in hypertensives. The increased oxidative status in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors is a consequence of both the activation of pro-oxidant mechanisms and the reduction of the antioxidant ones. The altered response of the main cytoplasmic antioxidant systems largely contributes to OS despite the apparent attempt of the thioredoxin system to control it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Mansego
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Research Foundation of Hospital Clínico; Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, Valencia 46010, Spain; E-Mails: (S.B); (V.G.-A.); (F.J.C.)
- CIBER of obesity (CIBERob), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; E-Mails: (J.R.); (F.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-963-983-916; Fax: +34-963-864-926
| | - Josep Redon
- CIBER of obesity (CIBERob), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; E-Mails: (J.R.); (F.M.)
- Hypertension Unit, Hospital Clinico; Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Sergio Martinez-Hervas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, Valencia 46010, Spain; E-Mails: (S.M.-H.); (J.T.R.); (R.C.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | - Jose T. Real
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, Valencia 46010, Spain; E-Mails: (S.M.-H.); (J.T.R.); (R.C.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | - Fernando Martinez
- CIBER of obesity (CIBERob), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; E-Mails: (J.R.); (F.M.)
- Hypertension Unit, Hospital Clinico; Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Sebastian Blesa
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Research Foundation of Hospital Clínico; Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, Valencia 46010, Spain; E-Mails: (S.B); (V.G.-A.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Veronica Gonzalez-Albert
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Research Foundation of Hospital Clínico; Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, Valencia 46010, Spain; E-Mails: (S.B); (V.G.-A.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Guillermo T. Saez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, Valencia 46010, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Rafael Carmena
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, Valencia 46010, Spain; E-Mails: (S.M.-H.); (J.T.R.); (R.C.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | - Felipe J. Chaves
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Research Foundation of Hospital Clínico; Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, Valencia 46010, Spain; E-Mails: (S.B); (V.G.-A.); (F.J.C.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona 08017, Spain
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Chen YJ, Liu WH, Kao PH, Wang JJ, Chang LS. Involvement of p38 MAPK- and JNK-modulated expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in Naja nigricollis CMS-9-induced apoptosis of human leukemia K562 cells. Toxicon 2010; 55:1306-16. [PMID: 20144638 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CMS-9, a phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) isolated from Naja nigricollis venom, induced apoptosis of human leukemia K562 cells, characterized by mitochondrial depolarization, modulation of Bcl-2 family members, cytochrome c release and activation of caspases 9 and 3. Moreover, an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was noted. Pretreatment with BAPTA-AM (Ca2+ chelator) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC, ROS scavenger) proved that Ca2+ was an upstream event in inducing ROS generation. Upon exposure to CMS-9, activation of p38 MAPK and JNK was observed in K562 cells. BAPTA-AM or NAC abrogated CMS-9-elicited p38 MAPK and JNK activation, and rescued viability of CMS-9-treated K562 cells. SB202190 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) and SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) suppressed CMS-9-induced dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, Bcl-2 down-regulation, Bax up-regulation and increased mitochondrial translocation of Bax. Inactivation of PLA(2) activity reduced drastically the cytotoxicity of CMS-9, and a combination of lysophosphatidylcholine and stearic acid mimicked the cytotoxic effects of CMS-9. Taken together, our data suggest that CMS-9-induced apoptosis of K562 cells is catalytic activity-dependent and is mediated through mitochondria-mediated death pathway triggered by Ca2+/ROS-evoked p38 MAPK and JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jung Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University-Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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Petit E, Courtin A, Kloosterboer HJ, Rostène W, Forgez P, Gompel A. Progestins induce catalase activities in breast cancer cells through PRB isoform: correlation with cell growth inhibition. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 115:153-60. [PMID: 19383545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been suggested to participate in tumor emergence due to their mitogenic and apoptotic signaling, and as contributors to DNA structural damage. Here we report that progesterone and various synthetic steroids with progestin potencies (norethisterone acetate, MPA, and Tibolone) counteract cell growth induced by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), through a potent induction of catalase activities, in breast cancer cells and normal human epithelial breast cells. At physiological concentrations, progesterone and the pure progestin, Org2058, displayed the most potent H(2)O(2) detoxification ability suggesting its effect was characteristic of its progestin potency. We also report on the enhancement of catalase activities by progesterone receptor isoform B (PRB), as determined from experiments using antiprogestins and MDA-MB-231, cells engineered for the selective expression of progesterone receptor isoform A or B. The potent action of progesterone on catalase activities indicates its contribution to a beneficial role in breast cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Petit
- INSERM-UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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14
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Schönfeld P, Wojtczak L. Fatty acids as modulators of the cellular production of reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:231-41. [PMID: 18482593 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain nonesterified ("free") fatty acids (FFA) and some of their derivatives and metabolites can modify intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2). In mitochondria, FFA exert a dual effect on ROS production. Because of slowing down the rate of electron flow through Complexes I and III of the respiratory chain due to interaction within the complex subunit structure, and between Complexes III and IV due to release of cytochrome c from the inner membrane, FFA increase the rate of ROS generation in the forward mode of electron transport. On the other hand, due to their protonophoric action on the inner mitochondrial membrane ("mild uncoupling effect"), FFA strongly decrease ROS generation in the reverse mode of electron transport. In the plasma membrane of phagocytic neutrophils and a number of other types of cells, polyunsaturated FFA stimulate O(2)(-) generation by NADPH oxidase. These effects of FFA can modulate signaling functions of ROS and be, at least partly, responsible for their proapoptotic effects in several types of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schönfeld
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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