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Mendonça-Reis E, Guimarães-Nobre CC, Teixeira-Alves LR, Miranda-Alves L, Berto-Junior C. TSH Receptor Reduces Hemoglobin S Polymerization and Increases Deformability and Adhesion of Sickle Erythrocytes. Anemia 2024; 2024:7924015. [PMID: 38596654 PMCID: PMC11003793 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7924015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
SCD is a hereditary disorder caused by genetic mutation in the beta-globin gene, resulting in abnormal hemoglobin, HbS that forms sickle-shaped erythrocytes under hypoxia. Patients with SCD have endocrine disorders and it was described that 7% of these patients have clinical hypothyroidism. Recent studies have shown that mature erythrocytes possess TSH receptors. Thus, we aimed to assess the effects of TSH on SCD erythrocytes. The experiments were conducted using different concentrations of TSH (1, 2, 3, and 5 mIU/L). In HbS polymerization assay, erythrocytes were exposed to TSH in hypoxia to induce polymerization, and measurements were taken for 30 minutes. The deformability assay was made using Sephacryl-S 500 columns to separate deformable from nondeformable cells. Static adhesion test utilized thrombospondin to assess erythrocyte adhesion in the presence of TSH. TSH at all contractions were able to reduce polymerization of HbS and increase deformability. The static adhesion of erythrocytes at the lowest concentrations of 1 and 2 mIU/L were increased, but at higher contractions of 3 and 5 mIU/L, static adhesion was not modulated. The results suggest that TSH has potential involvement in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease by inhibiting HbS polymerization, positively modulating deformability and impacting static adhesion to thrombospondin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Mendonça-Reis
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia Eritróide-GPFisEri, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Guimarães-Nobre
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia Eritróide-GPFisEri, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lyzes Rosa Teixeira-Alves
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia Eritróide-GPFisEri, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clemilson Berto-Junior
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia Eritróide-GPFisEri, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Stojković M, Žarković M. Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:5617-5627. [PMID: 33213317 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201118094747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is 3-10%. The prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHr) is 0.7-9.7%. Thyroid hormones affect cardiac electrophysiology, contractility, and vasculature. SH is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), especially in subjects under 65. SHr seems to be associated with a slightly increased risk of CHD and an increase in CHD-related mortality. Both SH and SHr carry an increased risk of developing heart failure (HF), especially in those under 65. Both SH and SHr are associated with worse prognoses in patients with existing HF. SH is probably not associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). SHr, low normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and high normal free thyroxine (FT4) are all associated with the increased risk of AF. An association between endothelial dysfunction and SH seems to exist. Data regarding the influence of SHr on the peripheral vascular system are conflicting. SH is a risk factor for stroke in subjects under 65. SHr does not increase the risk of stroke. Both SH and SHr have an unfavourable effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. There is a U-shaped curve of mortality in relation to TSH concentrations. A major factor that modifies the relation between subclinical thyroid disease (SCTD) and mortality is age. SH increases blood pressure (BP). SHr has no significant effect on BP. Lipids are increased in patients with SH. In SHr, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein( a) are increased. SCTD should be treated when TSH is over 10 mU/l or under 0.1 mU/l. Treatment indications are less clear when TSH is between normal limits and 0.1 or 10 mU/L. The current state of knowledge supports the understanding of SCTD's role as a risk factor for CVD development. Age is a significant confounding factor, probably due to age-associated changes in the TSH reference levels.
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The Molecular Function and Clinical Role of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor in Cancer Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071730. [PMID: 32698392 PMCID: PMC7407617 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and its cognate receptor (TSHR) are of crucial importance for thyrocytes to proliferate and exert their functions. Although TSHR is predominantly expressed in thyrocytes, several studies have revealed that functional TSHR can also be detected in many extra-thyroid tissues, such as primary ovarian and hepatic tissues as well as their corresponding malignancies. Recent advances in cancer biology further raise the possibility of utilizing TSH and/or TSHR as a therapeutic target or as an informative index to predict treatment responses in cancer patients. The TSH/TSHR cascade has been considered a pivotal modulator for carcinogenesis and/or tumor progression in these cancers. TSHR belongs to a sub-group of family A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which activate a bundle of well-defined signaling transduction pathways to enhance cell renewal in response to external stimuli. In this review, recent findings regarding the molecular basis of TSH/TSHR functions in either thyroid or extra-thyroid tissues and the potential of directly targeting TSHR as an anticancer strategy are summarized and discussed.
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Shi XZ, Xue L, Jin X, Xu P, Jia S, Shen HM. Different expression of sodium-iodide importer (NIS) between lactating breast and thyroid tissues may be due to structural difference of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:41-48. [PMID: 27531173 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) binds TSH receptor (TSHR) on thyroid cell membranes, which will lead activation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathway. Through this pathway, TSHR regulates the expression of sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) to complete iodine intake. In recent studies, it is found that TSHR is widely expressed in a variety of extra-thyroidal tissues. TSHR expressions as well as distribution in normal mammary gland tissues have not been reported. The physiological mechanism of the TSHR in the extra-thyroidal tissues has also been controversial. METHODS In this study, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to characterize the expression distribution of TSHR protein in lactating breast. DNA sequence of TSHR cDNA from mice lactating breast was determined and then compared with TSHR cDNA from mice thyroidal tissue. RESULTS A 173 amino acid (AA) fragment deletion was found in the extra-cellular domain of lactating breast TSHR. The expression levels of NIS mRNA were compared between two tissues, and the level of NIS mRNA in lactating breasts was lower than the one in thyroidal tissues. CONCLUSION The lower expression of NIS in lactating breast may be due to the 173 AA deletion in the TSHR resulting the lower binding of TSH to the TSHR. For the first time, this finding may explain the reason of the lower NIS expression in lactating breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-Z Shi
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - L Xue
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China
| | - X Jin
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China
| | - P Xu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China
| | - S Jia
- R.D. Center, PacificBio Inc., Irvine, CA, 92602, USA
| | - H-M Shen
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China.
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Goel R, Raju R, Maharudraiah J, Sameer Kumar GS, Ghosh K, Kumar A, Lakshmi TP, Sharma J, Sharma R, Balakrishnan L, Pan A, Kandasamy K, Christopher R, Krishna V, Mohan SS, Harsha HC, Mathur PP, Pandey A, Keshava Prasad TS. A Signaling Network of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone. JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2011; 4:10.4172/jpb.1000195. [PMID: 24255551 PMCID: PMC3830942 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.1000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is a glycoprotein secreted by the anterior part of the pituitary gland. TSH plays an important physiological role in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis by modulating the release of the thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland. It induces iodine uptake by the thyroid, promotes thyroid epithelial differentiation and growth, and protects thyroid cells from apoptosis. Impairment of TSH signal transduction pathway leads to thyroid disorders such as goitre, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, which can have complex clinical manifestations. TSH signaling is largely effected through two separate pathways, the adenylate cyclase and the phospholipase C pathways. In spite of its biomedical importance, a concise signaling map of TSH pathway is not available in the public domain. Therefore, we have generated a detailed signaling map of TSH pathway by systematically cataloging the molecular reactions induced by TSH including protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications, protein translocation events and activation/inhibition reactions. We have cataloged 40 molecular association events, 42 enzyme-substrate reactions and 16 protein translocation events in TSH signaling pathway resource. Additionally, we have documented 208 genes, which are differentially regulated by TSH. We have provided the details of TSH pathway through NetPath (http://www.netpath.org), which is a publicly available resource for human signaling pathways developed by our group. We have also depicted the map of TSH signaling using NetSlim criteria (http://www.netpath.org/netslim/) and provided pathway maps in Wikipathways (http://www.wikipathways.org/). We anticipate that the availability of TSH pathway as a community resource will enhance further biomedical investigations into the function and effects of this important hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Goel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore-560 066, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore-560 066, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, India
| | - Jagadeesha Maharudraiah
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore-560 066, India
- RajaRajeshwari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore-560 074, India
- Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore-560 041, India
| | - Ghantasala S. Sameer Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore-560 066, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, India
| | - Krishna Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605 014, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605 014, India
| | - T. Pragna Lakshmi
- Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605 014, India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore-560 066, India
- Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560 066, India
| | - Lavanya Balakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore-560 066, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, India
| | - Archana Pan
- Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605 014, India
| | - Kumaran Kandasamy
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences,Vienna, Austria
| | - Rita Christopher
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560 066, India
| | - V. Krishna
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, India
| | - S. Sujatha Mohan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore-560 066, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, India
- Research Unit for Immunoinformatics, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - H. C. Harsha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore-560 066, India
| | - Premendu P. Mathur
- Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605 014, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Departments of Biological Chemistry, Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, Maryland, USA
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore-560 066, India
- Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605 014, India
- Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
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Balzan S, Carpi A, Evangelista M, Nicolini G, Pollastri A, Bottoni A, Iervasi G. Acute effect of TSH on oxygenation state and volume of erythrocytes from subjects thyroidectomized for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2011; 65:381-4. [PMID: 21742463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the presence in the membrane erythrocyte of a TSH receptor (TSHR), a G-protein coupled receptor, which responds to TSH with increased cAMP level. Since there is evidence for a role of G protein receptors as oxygen sensor(s) implicated in cell volume regulation, we hypothesized that erythrocyte TSHR, by TSH stimulation, could modify the erythrocyte volume and the oxygenation state of erythrocytes. We determined the effect of TSH on the gas analysis in 35 thyroidectomized patients for stage I differentiated thyroid cancer enrolled for recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) test during chronic treatment with synthetic l-thyroxine. Moreover, we explored the influence of TSH on the shape of erythrocytes. Venous blood-gas analysis before and after TSH were determined with a pH/blood gas electrolyte and 682 CO-Oxymeter. In a subgroup of subjects (n=10), the isolated red blood cells (RBC) were analyzed by flow cytometry for morphological changes. After TSH stimulation, we found a significant decrease in PCO(2) (P<0.001), an increase in pH (P<0.01) and an increase of % O(2)-Hb (P<0.05) and pO(2) (P<0.05). By flow cytometry, the erythrocytes after TSH showed a significant enrichment on the mean number in the selected region R1 corresponding to bigger volumes (P<0.05, n=10). Finally, by contrast phase microscopy, when the cell area was measured, a mean increased volume was observed in erythrocytes after TSH compared to the basal before TSH (P<0.05). In conclusion, our results indicate that acute stimulation of TSH by rhTSH modifies the oxygenation state and volume of erythrocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Balzan
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.
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Sun SC, Hsu PJ, Wu FJ, Li SH, Lu CH, Luo CW. Thyrostimulin, but not thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), acts as a paracrine regulator to activate the TSH receptor in mammalian ovary. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:3758-3765. [PMID: 19955180 PMCID: PMC2823517 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.066266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), activated by either TSH or the newly discovered glycoprotein hormone thyrostimulin, plays a central role in the control of body metabolism. Interestingly, in addition to its thyroid expression, we discovered that the mRNA level of TSHR is periodically regulated in rat ovary by gonadotropins. Ovarian microdissection followed by real-time PCR analysis indicated that granulosa cells show the highest level of TSHR expression. Cultures of follicles and primary granulosa cells demonstrated that the level of TSHR is up-regulated and decreased by the gonadotropin-driven cAMP cascade and estradiol production, respectively. Furthermore, in contrast to the negligible expression of TSH in the ovary, we also found by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analysis that thyrostimulin is expressed mainly in oocytes. Evolving before the appearance of gonadotropins, thyrostimulin is considered the most ancestral glycoprotein hormone. Therefore, the presence of thyrostimulin in the ovary suggests that it may have a primitive function in reproduction when it activates ovarian TSHR. Next, we generated recombinant thyrostimulin protein and characterized its non-covalent heterodimeric nature. Using purified recombinant thyrostimulin, we show that the human ovarian cell line NIH:OVCAR-3 also expresses endogenous and functional TSHR. Using cultured rat granulosa cells isolated from different ovarian stages, we found that treatments with thyrostimulin significantly increase cAMP production and the c-fos gene response in the presence of gonadotropins. Thus, this study demonstrates that oocyte-derived thyrostimulin and granulosa cell-expressed TSHR compose a novel paracrine system in the ovary, where the activity is tightly controlled by gonadotropins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Chin Sun
- From the Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112 and
| | - Pei-Jen Hsu
- From the Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112 and
| | - Fang-Ju Wu
- From the Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112 and
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Li
- the Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamshui, Taipei Country 251, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Lu
- the Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamshui, Taipei Country 251, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Luo
- From the Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112 and.
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